346, we find
Io, and born on the spot where Byzantium was Cersobleptes again involved in hostilities with the
afterwards built.
Io, and born on the spot where Byzantium was Cersobleptes again involved in hostilities with the
afterwards built.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
Ann.
xv.
Triballus, Passalus and Aclemon, Andulus and 74. ) In the following year, he, in common with
Atlantus, or Candulus and Atlas. (Suidas, s. vv. ; several other noble Romans, fell under Nero's sus-
Schol. ad Lucian. Alex. 4; Tzetz. Chil. v. 75. ) | picions, was condemned, and anticipated his fate
Diodorus (iv. 31), however, speaks of a greater by putting himself to death. He was but little
number of Cercopes. They are called sons of pitied, for it was remembered that he had betrayed
Theia, the daughter of Oceanus ; they annoyed and the conspiracy of Lepidus and Lentulus. (A. D. 39. )
robbed Heracles in his sleep, but they were taken The alleged ground of his condemnation was a
prisoners by him, and either given to Omphale, or mention of him as an enemy to the emperor in a
killed, or set free again. (Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 91. ) paper left by Mella, who had been condemned a
The place in which they seem to have made their little before; but the paper was generally believed
first appearance, was Thermopylae (Herod. vii. to be a forgery. (Tac. Ann. xvi. 17. ) [P. S. ]
216), but the comic poem Képrwies, which bore CEREA'LIS, CI'VICA, a Roman senator who,
the name of Homer, probably placed them at Oe- while proconsul of Asia, was put to death by Do-
chalia in Euboea, whereas others transferred them mitian, shortly before A. D. 90. (Suet. Dom. 10;
to Lydia (Suid. s. v. Evpúbatos), or the islands Tac. Agric. 42. )
[P. S. ]
called Pithecusae, which derired their name from CEREA'LIS, JUʻLIUS, a Roman poet, con-
the Cercopes who were changed into monkeys by temporary with Pliny the Younger and Martial,
Zeus for haring cunningly deceived him. (Ov. Met. by both of whom he is addressed as an intimnie
xiv. 90, &c. ; Pomp. Mela, ii. 7; compare Müller, friend. He wrote a poem on the war of the giants.
Dor, ii. 12. § 10 ; Hüllmann, De Cyclop. et Cercop. I (Plin. Epist. ii. 19; Martial, Epig. xi. 52. ) (P. S. ]
## p. 673 (#693) ############################################
CERINTHUS.
673
CERINTHUS.
CEREA'LIS or CERTA'LIS, PETI'LIUS, a cribe to him a gross and sensual Chiliasm or Millen-
Roman general, and a near relative of the emperor narianism, abhorrent to the nature of Gnosticisin.
Vespasian, is first mentioned as legate of the 9th If it be true that the origin of the Gnostic is to be
legion, under Vettius Bolamus, in Britain, when he sought in the Judnising sects, as Neander believes,
was defeated by the British insurgents under Boa- the former uniting Jewish Theosophy with Chris-
dicen, A. D. 61. (Tac. Ann. xiv. 32. ) When Vespasian tinnity, Cerinthus's system represents the transi-
set up his claim to the empire (A. D. 69), Petilius tion-state, and the Jewish clements were subse-
Cercalis escaped from Rome and joined his army quently refined and modified so as to exhibit less
in Italy under Antonius, and was made one of his grossness. Irenacus himself believed in Chiliasin,
generals. He comunanded an advanced party of and therefore he did not mention it as a peculiar
cavalry, and is charged, in common with the other feature in the doctrines of Cerinthus ; while Caius,
generals, with not advancing upon Rome quickly a strenuous opponent of Millennarianism, would
enough. He suffered a defeat in a skirmish be- naturally describe it in the worst colours. Thus
neath the walls of Rome. In the following year, the accounts of both may be harmonised.
he was sent to the Rhine, to suppress the revolt of His system, as collected from the notices of
Civilis, in which he was completely successful. Irenaeus, Caius, Dionysius, and Epiphanius, con-
(Civilis. ] While holding this command, he was sisted of the following particulars : He taught that
solicited by Domitian to give up to him his army. the world was created by angels, over whom pre-
Doinitian's object was partly to gain reputation by sided one from among themselves. This presiding
finishing the victory which Cerealis had secured, spirit or power was so far inferior to the Supreme
but chiefly to seize the empire. Cerealis, however, Being as to be ignorant of his character. He was
laughed off the request, as being the foolish fancy also the sovereign and lawgiver of the Jews.
of a boy. (Tac. Hist. iii. 59, 78, 79, iv. 86. ) Different orders of angels existed in the pleroma,
In the following year (a. D. 71), he was sent as among whom those occupied with the affairs of
consular legate to the government of Britain, in this world held the lowest rank. The man Jesus
which he was active and successful. He conquered was a Jew, the son of Joseph and Mary by ordi-
a great part of the Brigantes, and called out the nary generation, but distinguished for his wisdom
talents of Agricola. (Tac. Agr. 8, 17. ) As a com- and piety. Hence he was selected to be the
mander he was energetic, but rash. (See especially Messiah. When he was baptized by John in the
Tac. Hist. iv. 71. )
[P. S. ] Jordan, the Christ, or Logos, or Holy Spirit, de-
CEREA'LIUS (Kepeántos), a poet of the Greek scended from heaven in form of a dove and
Anthology, whose time and couniry are unknown. entered into his soul. Then did he first become
Three epigrams are ascribed to him by Brunck conscious of his future destination, and receive all
(Anal
. ii
. p. 345), but of these the third is of very necessary qualifications to enable him to discharge
doubtful authorship. Of the other two the first is its functions. Henceforward he became perfectły
a jocose allusion to the poetic contests at the Gre- acquainted with the Supreme God, revealed Hiin
the second is in ridicule of those gram- to men, was exalted above all the angels who
marians who thought to pass for pure Attic writers managed the affairs of the world, and wrought
on the strength of a few Attic words and, in gene- miracles by virtue of the spiritual energy that now
ral, of the use of obsolete words. [P. S. ] dwelt in him. When Jesus was apprehended at
CERES. (DEMETER. ]
the instigation of the God of the Jews, the logos
CERINTHUS (Kúpivoos), probably belonged departed from him and returned to the Father, so
to the first century of the Christian aera, though that the man Jesus alone suffered. After he had
he has been assigned to the second by Basnage been put to death and consigned to the grave he
and others. The fathers by whom he is mentioned rose again. Epiphanius says, that Cerinthus ad-
make him contemporary with the Apostle John, hered in part to Judaism. He appears to have held
and there is no ground for rejecting their testi- that the Jewish law was binding upon Christians in
niony. He has been universally placed in the list a certain sense, probably that sense in which it was
of heretics, and may be reckoned the first who explained by the logos when united to Jesus. He
taught principles afterwards developed and em- maintained that there would be a resurrection of
bodied in the Gnostic system. According to Epi- the body, and that the righteous should enjoy a
phanins, he was a Jew by birth; and Theodoret paradise of delights in Palestine, where the man
(Haeret. Fabul. lib. ii. ) asserts, that he studied Jesus appearing again as the Messiah by virtue of
philosophy at Alexandria. It is probable, how- the logos associated with him, and having con-
ever, that during his residence in Egypt he had quered all his enemies, should reign a thousand
not imbibed all the sentiments which he subse years. It is not likely that he connected with the
quently held; they rather seem to have been millennial reign of Christ such carnal pleasures as
adopted while he abode in Asia Minor, where he Caius and Dionysius allege. It is clear that he
spent the greater part of his life. This is accor- received the books of the Old Testament; and the
dant with the statement of Epiphanius that he evidence which has been adduced to prove his
propagated his doctrines in Asia. Whether he rejection of the gospels, or any part of them, is un-
often encountered the apostles themselves at Jeru- satisfactory. Epiphanius affirms, that he rejected
salem, Caesareia, and Antioch, as the same writer Paul on account of the apostle's renunciation of
affirms, is questionable. Tradition states, that he circumcision, but whether this means all Paul's
lived at Ephesus while John was in that city. writings it is impossible to determine. Several of
Nothing is known of the time and manner of his the Fathers relate, that Jolin on one occasion went
death.
into the bath at Ephesus, but on seeing Cerinthus
It is not difficult to reconcile the varying accounts came out in haste, saying, “ Let us fiee home, lest
of his system given by Irenaeus, Epiphanius, Caius, the bath should fall while Cerinthus is within. "
and Dionysius of Alexandria. Irenaeus reckons him It is also an ancient opinion that John wrote his
a thorough Gnostic; while Caius and Dionysius as | Gospel to refute Cerinthus. (Walch, Entwurf der
cian games,
a
2 x
## p. 674 (#694) ############################################
674
CERSOBLEPTES.
CESTIUS.
Geschichte der Ketzereien, vol. i. ; Neander, Kirl in consequence of the refusal of Amadocus to allow
chengeschichle, vol. i. part 2; Mosheim, Institut. Philip a passage through his territory. Bot after
Hlist. Christ. Major. , and his Comment. de Rebus the passing of the decree above-mentioned, Philip
Christianorum ante Constunt. M. ; Schmidt, Cerinth became the enemy of Cersobleptes, and in B. c. 352
ein Juduisirender Christ, in his Bib. für K'ritik made a successful expedition into Thrace, gained a
und Eregese des N. T. vol. i. ; Paulus, Historia | firm ascendancy in the country, and brought away
Cerinthi, in his Introductionis in N. T. capita selec- a son of Cersobleptes as a hostage. (Dem. Olimth.
tiora ; Lardner, History of Heretics, Works, vol. i. p. 12 ad fin. ; Isocr. Phil. p. 86, c. ; Acsch. de
iv. , 4to. edition. )
[S. D. ) Fals. Leg. p. 38. ) At the time of the peace be-
CEROESSA (Kepóenoa), a daughter of Zeus by tween Athens and Philip in B. c.
346, we find
Io, and born on the spot where Byzantium was Cersobleptes again involved in hostilities with the
afterwards built. She was brought up by a nymph | Macedonian king, who in fact was absent in Thrace
of the place, and afterwards became the mother of when the second Athenian embassy arrived at
Byzas. (Steph. Byz. s. v. Bučávtiov. ) From this Pella, and did not return to give theni audience till
story it must be inferred, that Argos had some he had completely conquered Cersobicptes. (Dem.
share in founding the colony of Byzantium, which de Fals. Leg. pp. 390, 391, de Cor. p. 235; Aesch.
is otherwise called a colony of Megara. (Müller, de Fuls. Leg. pp. 29, 40, &c. ) In the course of the
Dor. i. 6. & 9. )
(L. S. ) next three years, Cersobleptes seems to have reco-
CERRETA’NUS, Q. AULIUS, twice consul vered strength sufficient io throw off the yoke,
in the Samnite war, first in B. C. 323 with C. Sul- and, according to Diodorus, persisted in his attacks
picius Longus, when he had the conduct of the on the Greek cities on the Hellespont. Accordingly,
war in Apulia, and a second time in 319 with L. in B. C. 343, Philip again marched against him,
Papirius Cursor, when he conquered the Ferentani defeated him in several battles, and reduced him
and received their city into surrende (Liv. viii. to the condition of a tributary. (Diod. xvi. 71;
37; Diod. xviii. 26 ; Liv. ix. 15, 16; Diod. xviii. Ep. Phil. ad Ath. ap. Dem. pp. 160, 161; Dem.
58. ) He was magister equitum to the dictator de Chers. p. 105. )
[E. E. ]
Q. Fabius Maximus in 315, and fought a battle CERVARIUS PRO'CULUS. [PROCULUS. ]
against the Samnites without consulting the dicta- CERVI'DIUS SCAEVOLA. [SCAEVOL A. )
tor, in which he was slain after killing the Samnite CERYX (Knput), an Attic hero, a son of
general. (Liv. ix. 22. )
Hermes and Aglauros, from whom the priestly
CERSÓBLEPTES (Kepo obné77), was son of family of the Ceryces at Athens derived their origin.
Cotys, king of Thrace, on whose death in B. c. 358 (Paus. i. 38. $ 3. ).
(L. S. )
he inherited the kingdopi in conjunction with CESE'LLIUS BASSUS. [Bassus, p. 472, b. ]
.
Berisades and Amadocus, who were probably his CESTIANUS, a surname which occurs on se-
brothers. He was very young at the time, and veral coins of the Plaetoria gens, but is not men-
the whole management of his affairs was assunied tioned in any ancient writer. [PLAETORIUS. ]
by the Euboean adventurer, Charidemus, who was CE'STIUS. 1. Cicero mentions three persons
connected by marriage with the royal family, and of this name, who perhaps are all the same : one
who bore the prominent part in the ensuing con- in the oration for Flaccus, B. c. 59 (c. 13), another
tests and negotiations with Athens for the posses-(C. Cestius) in a letter to Atticus, B. c. 51 (ud All.
sion of the Chersonesus, Cersobleptes appearing v. 13), and a third (C. Cestius) as praetor in B. C.
throughout as a mere cipher. (Dem. c. Aristocr. 44, who, he says, refused a province from Antony.
pp. 623, &c. , 674, &c. ) The peninsula seems to (Phil. ii. 10. ) As the last belonged to the aris-
have been finally ceded to the Athenians in B. C. tocratical party, it is probable that he is the same
357, though they did not occupy it with their Cestius who perished in the proscription, B. C. 13.
settlers till 353 (Diod. xvi. 31); nor perhaps (Appian, B. C. iv. 26. )
is the language of Isocrates (de Pac. p. 163, d. 2. Cestius, surnamed MACEDONICUS, on ac-
μη γαρ οίεσθε μήτε Κερσοβλέπτην, κ. τ. λ. ) s0 count of his having formerly served in Macedonia,
decisive against this early date as it may appear
was a native of Perusia. When this town was
at first sight, and as Clinton (on B. c. 356) seems taken by Augustus in B. C. 41, he set fire to his
to think it. (Comp. Thirlwall's Greece, vol. v. pp. / house, which occasioned the confiagration of the
2:29, 244. ) For some time after the cession of the whole city, and then stabbed himself and leaped
Chersonesus, Cersobleptes continued to court assi- into the flames. (Appian, B. C. v. 49; Vell. Pat.
duously the favour of the Athenians, being perhaps ii. 74. )
restrained from aggression by the fear of their 3. Ćestius GALLUS. [Gallus. )
squadron in the Hellespont; but on the death of 4. Cestius PROCULUS, accused of repetundae,
Berisades, before 352, he conceived, or rather Cha- but acquitted, A. D. 56. (Tac. Ann. xi. 30. )
ridemus conceived for him, the design of excluding 5. CESTIUS SEVERUS, an infamous informer
the children of the deceased prince from their in- under Nero. (Tac. Hist. iv. 41. )
heritance, and obiaining possession of all the do- The name Cestius is chiefly remarkable on ac-
minions of Cotys; and it was with a view to the count of its connexion with two monuments at
furtherance of this object that Charidemus obtained Rome, the Pons Cestius and the Pyramid of Ces-
froin the Athenian people, through his party among tius, both of which are still remaining. This bridge,
the orators, the singular decree in his favour for which connects the island of the Tiber with the
which its mover Aristocrates was impeached, but Janiculum, is supposed by some writers to have
unsuccessfully, in the speech of Demosthenes yet been built by the consul C. Cestius Gallus, in the
extant. (Dem. c. Aristocr. pp. 624, 625, 680. ) reign of Tiberius ; but as it seems improbable that
(CHARIDEMUS. ] From a passing allusion in this a private person would have been allowed to give
oration (p. 681), it appears that Cersobleptes had his name to a public work under the empire, its
been negotiating with Philip for a combined attack erection is generally referred to the time of the
on the Chersonesus, which however came to nothing republic. The Pyramid of Cestius, which was
## p. 675 (#695) ############################################
CETHEGUS.
675
CETHEGUS.
noorOCC
Ka200
0000
PR
used as a burial-place, stands near the Porta Osti- ; the Insubrians and Cenomanians in Cisalpine Gaul,
ensis, and part of it is within and part without the and triumphed. He was censor in 194 ; and to-
walls of Aurelinn. From an inscription upon it wards the close of the next year, after holding the
we are told, that it was erected, in accordance lustrum, he went as joint commissioner with Scipio
with a testamentary provision, for C. Cestius, the Africanus and Minucius Rufus to mediate between
son of Lucius, who had been Epulo, Praetor, Tri- Masinissa and Carthage. (Liv. xxxi. 49, 50,
bune of the plebs, and one of the seven Epulones; xxxii. 7, 27—30, xxxiii. 23, xxxiv. 44, 62. )
and from another inscription on it, in which the 3. P. CORNELIUS L. F. P. N. CETHEGUS, curule
names of M. Valerius Messalla Corvinus and M. aedile in B. c. 187, practor in 185, and consul in
Agrippa occur, we learn, that it was built in the 181. The grave of Numa was discovered in his
reign of Augustus. Whether this C. Cestius is to consulship. He triumphed with his colleague
be identified with one of the persons of this name Baebius Tamphilus over the Ligurians, though no
mentioned by Cicero (see abore, No.
Triballus, Passalus and Aclemon, Andulus and 74. ) In the following year, he, in common with
Atlantus, or Candulus and Atlas. (Suidas, s. vv. ; several other noble Romans, fell under Nero's sus-
Schol. ad Lucian. Alex. 4; Tzetz. Chil. v. 75. ) | picions, was condemned, and anticipated his fate
Diodorus (iv. 31), however, speaks of a greater by putting himself to death. He was but little
number of Cercopes. They are called sons of pitied, for it was remembered that he had betrayed
Theia, the daughter of Oceanus ; they annoyed and the conspiracy of Lepidus and Lentulus. (A. D. 39. )
robbed Heracles in his sleep, but they were taken The alleged ground of his condemnation was a
prisoners by him, and either given to Omphale, or mention of him as an enemy to the emperor in a
killed, or set free again. (Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 91. ) paper left by Mella, who had been condemned a
The place in which they seem to have made their little before; but the paper was generally believed
first appearance, was Thermopylae (Herod. vii. to be a forgery. (Tac. Ann. xvi. 17. ) [P. S. ]
216), but the comic poem Képrwies, which bore CEREA'LIS, CI'VICA, a Roman senator who,
the name of Homer, probably placed them at Oe- while proconsul of Asia, was put to death by Do-
chalia in Euboea, whereas others transferred them mitian, shortly before A. D. 90. (Suet. Dom. 10;
to Lydia (Suid. s. v. Evpúbatos), or the islands Tac. Agric. 42. )
[P. S. ]
called Pithecusae, which derired their name from CEREA'LIS, JUʻLIUS, a Roman poet, con-
the Cercopes who were changed into monkeys by temporary with Pliny the Younger and Martial,
Zeus for haring cunningly deceived him. (Ov. Met. by both of whom he is addressed as an intimnie
xiv. 90, &c. ; Pomp. Mela, ii. 7; compare Müller, friend. He wrote a poem on the war of the giants.
Dor, ii. 12. § 10 ; Hüllmann, De Cyclop. et Cercop. I (Plin. Epist. ii. 19; Martial, Epig. xi. 52. ) (P. S. ]
## p. 673 (#693) ############################################
CERINTHUS.
673
CERINTHUS.
CEREA'LIS or CERTA'LIS, PETI'LIUS, a cribe to him a gross and sensual Chiliasm or Millen-
Roman general, and a near relative of the emperor narianism, abhorrent to the nature of Gnosticisin.
Vespasian, is first mentioned as legate of the 9th If it be true that the origin of the Gnostic is to be
legion, under Vettius Bolamus, in Britain, when he sought in the Judnising sects, as Neander believes,
was defeated by the British insurgents under Boa- the former uniting Jewish Theosophy with Chris-
dicen, A. D. 61. (Tac. Ann. xiv. 32. ) When Vespasian tinnity, Cerinthus's system represents the transi-
set up his claim to the empire (A. D. 69), Petilius tion-state, and the Jewish clements were subse-
Cercalis escaped from Rome and joined his army quently refined and modified so as to exhibit less
in Italy under Antonius, and was made one of his grossness. Irenacus himself believed in Chiliasin,
generals. He comunanded an advanced party of and therefore he did not mention it as a peculiar
cavalry, and is charged, in common with the other feature in the doctrines of Cerinthus ; while Caius,
generals, with not advancing upon Rome quickly a strenuous opponent of Millennarianism, would
enough. He suffered a defeat in a skirmish be- naturally describe it in the worst colours. Thus
neath the walls of Rome. In the following year, the accounts of both may be harmonised.
he was sent to the Rhine, to suppress the revolt of His system, as collected from the notices of
Civilis, in which he was completely successful. Irenaeus, Caius, Dionysius, and Epiphanius, con-
(Civilis. ] While holding this command, he was sisted of the following particulars : He taught that
solicited by Domitian to give up to him his army. the world was created by angels, over whom pre-
Doinitian's object was partly to gain reputation by sided one from among themselves. This presiding
finishing the victory which Cerealis had secured, spirit or power was so far inferior to the Supreme
but chiefly to seize the empire. Cerealis, however, Being as to be ignorant of his character. He was
laughed off the request, as being the foolish fancy also the sovereign and lawgiver of the Jews.
of a boy. (Tac. Hist. iii. 59, 78, 79, iv. 86. ) Different orders of angels existed in the pleroma,
In the following year (a. D. 71), he was sent as among whom those occupied with the affairs of
consular legate to the government of Britain, in this world held the lowest rank. The man Jesus
which he was active and successful. He conquered was a Jew, the son of Joseph and Mary by ordi-
a great part of the Brigantes, and called out the nary generation, but distinguished for his wisdom
talents of Agricola. (Tac. Agr. 8, 17. ) As a com- and piety. Hence he was selected to be the
mander he was energetic, but rash. (See especially Messiah. When he was baptized by John in the
Tac. Hist. iv. 71. )
[P. S. ] Jordan, the Christ, or Logos, or Holy Spirit, de-
CEREA'LIUS (Kepeántos), a poet of the Greek scended from heaven in form of a dove and
Anthology, whose time and couniry are unknown. entered into his soul. Then did he first become
Three epigrams are ascribed to him by Brunck conscious of his future destination, and receive all
(Anal
. ii
. p. 345), but of these the third is of very necessary qualifications to enable him to discharge
doubtful authorship. Of the other two the first is its functions. Henceforward he became perfectły
a jocose allusion to the poetic contests at the Gre- acquainted with the Supreme God, revealed Hiin
the second is in ridicule of those gram- to men, was exalted above all the angels who
marians who thought to pass for pure Attic writers managed the affairs of the world, and wrought
on the strength of a few Attic words and, in gene- miracles by virtue of the spiritual energy that now
ral, of the use of obsolete words. [P. S. ] dwelt in him. When Jesus was apprehended at
CERES. (DEMETER. ]
the instigation of the God of the Jews, the logos
CERINTHUS (Kúpivoos), probably belonged departed from him and returned to the Father, so
to the first century of the Christian aera, though that the man Jesus alone suffered. After he had
he has been assigned to the second by Basnage been put to death and consigned to the grave he
and others. The fathers by whom he is mentioned rose again. Epiphanius says, that Cerinthus ad-
make him contemporary with the Apostle John, hered in part to Judaism. He appears to have held
and there is no ground for rejecting their testi- that the Jewish law was binding upon Christians in
niony. He has been universally placed in the list a certain sense, probably that sense in which it was
of heretics, and may be reckoned the first who explained by the logos when united to Jesus. He
taught principles afterwards developed and em- maintained that there would be a resurrection of
bodied in the Gnostic system. According to Epi- the body, and that the righteous should enjoy a
phanins, he was a Jew by birth; and Theodoret paradise of delights in Palestine, where the man
(Haeret. Fabul. lib. ii. ) asserts, that he studied Jesus appearing again as the Messiah by virtue of
philosophy at Alexandria. It is probable, how- the logos associated with him, and having con-
ever, that during his residence in Egypt he had quered all his enemies, should reign a thousand
not imbibed all the sentiments which he subse years. It is not likely that he connected with the
quently held; they rather seem to have been millennial reign of Christ such carnal pleasures as
adopted while he abode in Asia Minor, where he Caius and Dionysius allege. It is clear that he
spent the greater part of his life. This is accor- received the books of the Old Testament; and the
dant with the statement of Epiphanius that he evidence which has been adduced to prove his
propagated his doctrines in Asia. Whether he rejection of the gospels, or any part of them, is un-
often encountered the apostles themselves at Jeru- satisfactory. Epiphanius affirms, that he rejected
salem, Caesareia, and Antioch, as the same writer Paul on account of the apostle's renunciation of
affirms, is questionable. Tradition states, that he circumcision, but whether this means all Paul's
lived at Ephesus while John was in that city. writings it is impossible to determine. Several of
Nothing is known of the time and manner of his the Fathers relate, that Jolin on one occasion went
death.
into the bath at Ephesus, but on seeing Cerinthus
It is not difficult to reconcile the varying accounts came out in haste, saying, “ Let us fiee home, lest
of his system given by Irenaeus, Epiphanius, Caius, the bath should fall while Cerinthus is within. "
and Dionysius of Alexandria. Irenaeus reckons him It is also an ancient opinion that John wrote his
a thorough Gnostic; while Caius and Dionysius as | Gospel to refute Cerinthus. (Walch, Entwurf der
cian games,
a
2 x
## p. 674 (#694) ############################################
674
CERSOBLEPTES.
CESTIUS.
Geschichte der Ketzereien, vol. i. ; Neander, Kirl in consequence of the refusal of Amadocus to allow
chengeschichle, vol. i. part 2; Mosheim, Institut. Philip a passage through his territory. Bot after
Hlist. Christ. Major. , and his Comment. de Rebus the passing of the decree above-mentioned, Philip
Christianorum ante Constunt. M. ; Schmidt, Cerinth became the enemy of Cersobleptes, and in B. c. 352
ein Juduisirender Christ, in his Bib. für K'ritik made a successful expedition into Thrace, gained a
und Eregese des N. T. vol. i. ; Paulus, Historia | firm ascendancy in the country, and brought away
Cerinthi, in his Introductionis in N. T. capita selec- a son of Cersobleptes as a hostage. (Dem. Olimth.
tiora ; Lardner, History of Heretics, Works, vol. i. p. 12 ad fin. ; Isocr. Phil. p. 86, c. ; Acsch. de
iv. , 4to. edition. )
[S. D. ) Fals. Leg. p. 38. ) At the time of the peace be-
CEROESSA (Kepóenoa), a daughter of Zeus by tween Athens and Philip in B. c.
346, we find
Io, and born on the spot where Byzantium was Cersobleptes again involved in hostilities with the
afterwards built. She was brought up by a nymph | Macedonian king, who in fact was absent in Thrace
of the place, and afterwards became the mother of when the second Athenian embassy arrived at
Byzas. (Steph. Byz. s. v. Bučávtiov. ) From this Pella, and did not return to give theni audience till
story it must be inferred, that Argos had some he had completely conquered Cersobicptes. (Dem.
share in founding the colony of Byzantium, which de Fals. Leg. pp. 390, 391, de Cor. p. 235; Aesch.
is otherwise called a colony of Megara. (Müller, de Fuls. Leg. pp. 29, 40, &c. ) In the course of the
Dor. i. 6. & 9. )
(L. S. ) next three years, Cersobleptes seems to have reco-
CERRETA’NUS, Q. AULIUS, twice consul vered strength sufficient io throw off the yoke,
in the Samnite war, first in B. C. 323 with C. Sul- and, according to Diodorus, persisted in his attacks
picius Longus, when he had the conduct of the on the Greek cities on the Hellespont. Accordingly,
war in Apulia, and a second time in 319 with L. in B. C. 343, Philip again marched against him,
Papirius Cursor, when he conquered the Ferentani defeated him in several battles, and reduced him
and received their city into surrende (Liv. viii. to the condition of a tributary. (Diod. xvi. 71;
37; Diod. xviii. 26 ; Liv. ix. 15, 16; Diod. xviii. Ep. Phil. ad Ath. ap. Dem. pp. 160, 161; Dem.
58. ) He was magister equitum to the dictator de Chers. p. 105. )
[E. E. ]
Q. Fabius Maximus in 315, and fought a battle CERVARIUS PRO'CULUS. [PROCULUS. ]
against the Samnites without consulting the dicta- CERVI'DIUS SCAEVOLA. [SCAEVOL A. )
tor, in which he was slain after killing the Samnite CERYX (Knput), an Attic hero, a son of
general. (Liv. ix. 22. )
Hermes and Aglauros, from whom the priestly
CERSÓBLEPTES (Kepo obné77), was son of family of the Ceryces at Athens derived their origin.
Cotys, king of Thrace, on whose death in B. c. 358 (Paus. i. 38. $ 3. ).
(L. S. )
he inherited the kingdopi in conjunction with CESE'LLIUS BASSUS. [Bassus, p. 472, b. ]
.
Berisades and Amadocus, who were probably his CESTIANUS, a surname which occurs on se-
brothers. He was very young at the time, and veral coins of the Plaetoria gens, but is not men-
the whole management of his affairs was assunied tioned in any ancient writer. [PLAETORIUS. ]
by the Euboean adventurer, Charidemus, who was CE'STIUS. 1. Cicero mentions three persons
connected by marriage with the royal family, and of this name, who perhaps are all the same : one
who bore the prominent part in the ensuing con- in the oration for Flaccus, B. c. 59 (c. 13), another
tests and negotiations with Athens for the posses-(C. Cestius) in a letter to Atticus, B. c. 51 (ud All.
sion of the Chersonesus, Cersobleptes appearing v. 13), and a third (C. Cestius) as praetor in B. C.
throughout as a mere cipher. (Dem. c. Aristocr. 44, who, he says, refused a province from Antony.
pp. 623, &c. , 674, &c. ) The peninsula seems to (Phil. ii. 10. ) As the last belonged to the aris-
have been finally ceded to the Athenians in B. C. tocratical party, it is probable that he is the same
357, though they did not occupy it with their Cestius who perished in the proscription, B. C. 13.
settlers till 353 (Diod. xvi. 31); nor perhaps (Appian, B. C. iv. 26. )
is the language of Isocrates (de Pac. p. 163, d. 2. Cestius, surnamed MACEDONICUS, on ac-
μη γαρ οίεσθε μήτε Κερσοβλέπτην, κ. τ. λ. ) s0 count of his having formerly served in Macedonia,
decisive against this early date as it may appear
was a native of Perusia. When this town was
at first sight, and as Clinton (on B. c. 356) seems taken by Augustus in B. C. 41, he set fire to his
to think it. (Comp. Thirlwall's Greece, vol. v. pp. / house, which occasioned the confiagration of the
2:29, 244. ) For some time after the cession of the whole city, and then stabbed himself and leaped
Chersonesus, Cersobleptes continued to court assi- into the flames. (Appian, B. C. v. 49; Vell. Pat.
duously the favour of the Athenians, being perhaps ii. 74. )
restrained from aggression by the fear of their 3. Ćestius GALLUS. [Gallus. )
squadron in the Hellespont; but on the death of 4. Cestius PROCULUS, accused of repetundae,
Berisades, before 352, he conceived, or rather Cha- but acquitted, A. D. 56. (Tac. Ann. xi. 30. )
ridemus conceived for him, the design of excluding 5. CESTIUS SEVERUS, an infamous informer
the children of the deceased prince from their in- under Nero. (Tac. Hist. iv. 41. )
heritance, and obiaining possession of all the do- The name Cestius is chiefly remarkable on ac-
minions of Cotys; and it was with a view to the count of its connexion with two monuments at
furtherance of this object that Charidemus obtained Rome, the Pons Cestius and the Pyramid of Ces-
froin the Athenian people, through his party among tius, both of which are still remaining. This bridge,
the orators, the singular decree in his favour for which connects the island of the Tiber with the
which its mover Aristocrates was impeached, but Janiculum, is supposed by some writers to have
unsuccessfully, in the speech of Demosthenes yet been built by the consul C. Cestius Gallus, in the
extant. (Dem. c. Aristocr. pp. 624, 625, 680. ) reign of Tiberius ; but as it seems improbable that
(CHARIDEMUS. ] From a passing allusion in this a private person would have been allowed to give
oration (p. 681), it appears that Cersobleptes had his name to a public work under the empire, its
been negotiating with Philip for a combined attack erection is generally referred to the time of the
on the Chersonesus, which however came to nothing republic. The Pyramid of Cestius, which was
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used as a burial-place, stands near the Porta Osti- ; the Insubrians and Cenomanians in Cisalpine Gaul,
ensis, and part of it is within and part without the and triumphed. He was censor in 194 ; and to-
walls of Aurelinn. From an inscription upon it wards the close of the next year, after holding the
we are told, that it was erected, in accordance lustrum, he went as joint commissioner with Scipio
with a testamentary provision, for C. Cestius, the Africanus and Minucius Rufus to mediate between
son of Lucius, who had been Epulo, Praetor, Tri- Masinissa and Carthage. (Liv. xxxi. 49, 50,
bune of the plebs, and one of the seven Epulones; xxxii. 7, 27—30, xxxiii. 23, xxxiv. 44, 62. )
and from another inscription on it, in which the 3. P. CORNELIUS L. F. P. N. CETHEGUS, curule
names of M. Valerius Messalla Corvinus and M. aedile in B. c. 187, practor in 185, and consul in
Agrippa occur, we learn, that it was built in the 181. The grave of Numa was discovered in his
reign of Augustus. Whether this C. Cestius is to consulship. He triumphed with his colleague
be identified with one of the persons of this name Baebius Tamphilus over the Ligurians, though no
mentioned by Cicero (see abore, No.
