Modan, a bishop, venerated in Scotland,^-^ but not at this
particular
date.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v2
-^^ Of this water, so miraculously produced,
his disciples drank. They praised God's greatness, thus manifested through his servant. In tradition, the recollection of this well is still preserved.
34 Cathald Maguire, at the i6th of January, and Desmay, in his Life of St. Fursey, notice this strange commutation. See Colgan's " Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae," iv. Februarii. Vita S. Cuannje, n. 19, p. 252, and ix. Feb- ruarii. Vita S. Furssei, n. 16, pp. 299, 300.
35 After the foregoing narrative had been
thus far given, the next sentence is left im-
perfect, ov^ring to a defect in the MS. con-
taining our saint's Acts. Colgan thinks, at
least, one leaf must be missing. The form
of what immediately succeeds is thus given :
O'h Adhnaidh on Gno-Beg the lasting, A nest not indigent or perishable. "
—See pp. 64, 65, p. xlii. , nn. 322, 323.
37 Gnomor and Gnobeg, two sons of Lugad, possessed those territories called after them, and since constituting the barony of
Moycullen, in the county of Galway. See *'
O'Flaherty's Ogygia," pars iii. , cap. Ixxxii. , p. 387. Lough Orbsen is now known as Lough Coriib.
38 gge Sir William Wilde's ' * Lough Cor- rib ; its Shores and Islands," chap, iv. , p.
**
Cumque Episcopus praefatje, &c. Deest 82.
hicinMS. unumadminusJolium,eosad
necessitatem sanctorum occidunt, & fercula
digna murmurantibus, de eorum carnibus
39See O'Flaherty's "lar-Connaught," &c. , pp. 52, 54, 62, 156, 252, 255, 391, 392.
o See " Acta Sanctorum Hiber* Colgan's
distribuuntur. " See
Colgan's
" Acta Sane-
tbrum Hiberniae," iv. Februarii. Vita S.
niae," iv. Februarii. Vita S. Cuannfle, cap. vi. , vii. , viii,, p. 250.
Cuannce, cap. xiii,, p. 251.
3* In " The Poems of Topographical John
^' "The saint's called Dabkac well,
O'Dubhagainand GiollanaNaomhO'Huid—- hrin," edited by Dr. O'Donovan, we find :
C//«a«a, formerly much frequented by pil- grims, lies in the adjacent townland of
"
Ovier Gno-mor, of smooth marshes,
—
Knockreen. " SirWilliamWilde's"Lough
MacConroiquietlyreigns
Corrib; itsShoresandIslands,"chap,iv. , p. 83.
ti-EBRUARY 4. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 287
At another time, whilst engaged in the contemplation of Heavenly
things, and singing the Divine praises, in a certain field, near his cell,
Finmaith, mother to our saint, approached him, and extolled the beauty ot
his cheeks and the brightness of his eyes. This, however, proved a great
source of annoyance to him. Fearing his corporal beauty might become an occasion, for tempting others to the commission of mortal sin, Cuanna is said
immediately to have deprived himself of sight, thus too literally fulfiling the
" If scandalize Gospel precept, thy right eye
thee, pluck
from thee. " <* However, his sight was again restored, through a miracle.
The servant of God began to experience great pain, from the nature of this
self-privation, but shortly afterwards he fell asleep. The Divine mercy, having restored sight to those born blindj-^s likewise renewed his servant's
: eyesight,thatsohemightbeabletosay,withtheprophetDavid "Omy
God, enlighten my darkness, for by thee I shall be delivered from tempta- tion. "'^'* The author of our saint's Acts observes, that as Cuanna thus endea- voured to avoid human praise, wherefore, true and deserved laudation followed him, as it often does those who seek to avoid it. ^s
One of the last incidents, recorded in the mutilated Acts of our saint, enables us to understand, that he had been visited by certain holy men, who remained with him for three days. A deer, with her hind, came to the place, where they were stopping—probably at Kill-Cuanna—and without betraying any sign of fear, both the wild animals approached our saint
before him, licking his hands and feet, at the same time. The Lord is truly wonderful, in his saints ; and, as the lions became gentle before the sight of Daniel, in their den, so were the deer completely domesticated with Cuanna. His holy guests, no doubt, felt greatly edified at what they had witnessed ; and, on departing from him, they gave their right hands to him, in token of brotherhood, and in the name of the most adorable Trinity. Then they departed, while the deer, in a domesticated state, remained with St. Cuanna, so long as he lived. ^^
After the foregoing incidents, and various other unrecorded miracles, had occurred, the holy man of God desired to die, as he had lived, in peace with Christ. GentlyhepassedawaytothebosomofAbraham,theangelsheralding his way to the starry heavens, where with the Father, Son and Holy Ghost, henowreigns,inaworldwithoutend. Hehadcollectedaroundhim,athis church and monastery of Kilcoonagh, a great number of learned Christian men, when the whole of this region from Clare-Galway to Cong was fertile with piety, learning and art. 47
Thatthissaintdied,abouttheyear650,isColgan'sopinion. However,
his inference, that Cuanna departed at this particular date,^^ rests upon no just
grounds. Althoughwemightadmit,thatgreatpublicassembly,mentioned in his Acts, to have been held, about such a period ; we are no where in-
formed, in his imperfect biography, that Cuanna's death occurred, during the same year, notwithstanding Colgan's affirmative assertion. '*^ Neither does
He cried " The out,
who created
No sooner had he spoken these words, than the deer fell upon her knees
*= See Matt, v. , 29.
*3 See Matt, ix. , 27, 28, 29, 30, 31. ^ See Psalms, xvii. , 29, 30.
"
xiv. , p. 251.
^i See Sir William WUde's "Lough
Corrib ; its Shores and Islands," chap, iv. j p» 82.
'^ See " Acta Sanctorum Hibernia," iv.
Februarii, n. 20, p. 252.
-^ Dr. Lanigan also observes :
Acta Sanctorum Hiber* hiss," iv. Februarii. De S. Cuanna, cap.
*s See Colgan's Xv, Dt 250k
Lord,
you,
shall
certainly
make tame. " you
"
ni»," iv» Februarii, De S. Cuanna, cap. death seems to have occurred during th<
*^See
Colgan's
** Acta Sanctorum Hiber-
CUanna'3
it and cast it out,
LIVES OP THE IRISH SAINTS.
[February 4.
there appear the least connexion, between the narrative, regarding this pubHc assembly, and those circumstances, immediately preceding the account of our saint's death ; on the contrary-, Colgan himself acknowledges, that at
least one leaf is missing in the manuscript, containing Cuanna's Acts, and in his possession. A notice of that public assembly breaks off, in an un-
finished manner, according to this mutilated record ; while, the succeeding
contexthasnoreferencewhatever,totheprecedingfragments. Atthe4th
of February, we find St. Cuanna lauded, for his piety and austerity, in the
"
Tallagh,5^ at the 4th of February. At Lismore, he was probably only a monk; but,afterwards,hebecameabbotoverthechurchandmonasteryof Kill-Chuanna. Atthisday,likewise,hisnatalisisnotedintheCalendarof Cashel, where he is said to have been of Lismore. The O'Clerys fell into an error, when they represent Cuanna, as an Abbot of Lis-more. He is entered thus, in the Martyrology of Donegal,5' as having been venerated on thisday. However,itdoesnotseemcertain,hewasthereelevatedtosucha dignity. His festival being kept, on the 4th day of February,53 it is probably the anniversary date for his departure. The Scottish Kalendars have, like- wise, commemorated this saint. 54 Thus were the merits of this holy man extended beyond the bounds of his own country, where his memory was more specially reverenced.
Article II. —St. Modan, Abbot, and St. Medan, in Scotland.
\Probably in the Eighth or Ninth Century. ^ Armed with faith, virtue and righteousness, as faithful soldiers and servants of Christ, these holy men
the
Feilire" of St. ^ngus. s° Cuanna, Lismoir, occurs in the Martyrology of
warred the continually, against
and the world. "^ fleeting
devil,
Christian perfection, they knew, was to be attained, by holy prayer and con-
templation, and by a close union of our souls with God-^" The Acts of St. Modan,ifwritten,seemtohaveperished,ortohavebeenlost. TheAberdeen
Breviary, compiled about the year 1509, appears to be the earliest known authority,fortheActsofthisholyman; and,thelessonsofhisofiicemust have been taken, from some earlier records, otherwise, the statements there made only rest on popular tradition. 3 From difl"erent sources, Colgan* has given us some particulars, regarding this holy confessor and abbot, at the 4th of February. The Bollandists have composed a dissertation,5 in eight
time that St. Fursey was at Perron in France.
Hence Colgan deduced, that it probably was about 650 ; whereas Fursey was not at Perron until 648, and died there in 652. "—- "Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, xiv. , sect, xv. , n. 208, p. 360.
S" The following stanza is taken from the
O'Gorman, and Cathal Maguire, are agreed, on this point.
54 in the ** Kalendarium Drummon-
"
Professor O'Looney :—
diense," at the 4th of February, we find this entry, "apud Hiberniam Sancta Virgo Cuanna ad Christum migravit," p. 4. See Bishop Forbes' "Kalendars of Scottish Saints. "
Leabhar Breac," and thus translated, by
Article ii. —* See the Breviary of Aber- deen. Office of St. Modan, lect. i.
5. ii. n. i:t\oniuf AgAf mAgtiAf, SelAiffe l^ofeffe^ ;
SeiMTiAn triApcip tiAf^l,
»
See Rev. Alban Butler's "Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and other Principal Saints," vol. ii. , February iv.
3 Seethe Bollandists' " Acta " Sanctorum,
tomus i. , Februarii iv. De S. Modano, abbate, in Scotia, p. 497. Also Rev. S.
CuAriA
c^abdaL cpefen.
Fronius and Magnus, Gelasius thou knowest ; German, a noble martyr,
Cuana, pious, austere.
S* Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xiv.
5' Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
38, 39>
53 The Calendar of Cashel, Marianus
"
Lives of the Saints," vol.
flesh,
Baring-Gould's
ii. , February iv. , p. 91.
^ See "Acta Sanctorum Hibernize," iv.
Februarii. De S. Modano Abbate, ex di-
versis, pp. 252, 253.
5 Written by Father John Boland, in the
"Acta Sanctorum. "
February 4. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 289
previous paragraphs, with a Life of St. Modan, taken from six lessons, to be foundintheBreviaryofAberdeen. ^ BishopChalloner,7Rev. AlbanButler,^
andBishopForbes,havealsoanaccountregardinghim. 9 Atthisparticular date, hkewise, several Calendarists have chosen to associate, with the present saint, a holy brother, called Medan or Middan, about whom very little seems tobeknown. TheEnglishMartyrologyofJohnWilsonrecordsModanand Medan or Middan, at the 26th of April ;'° and, it states, that both were celebrated in Scotia and Hibernia, where many altars were dedicated to them. On the 4th of February," as appears from the Aberdeen Breviary, the feast of St. Modan, Abbot, with six lessons," was kept in Scotland. That of his brother, Medan or Midan, is usually found in connexion. We know few authentic particulars, regarding the lives of these holy servants of God. Accordingtothemostprobableopinion,however,theyflourishedin the eighth or ninth century. The present St. Modan, Confessor and Abbot, is entered at the 4th of February, by Bishop Forbes, who says, he is not to be confounded with St. Medana and St. Middanus. ^3 There was another St.
Modan, a bishop, venerated in Scotland,^-^ but not at this particular date. Hermann Greuen, in his additions to Usuard, has a feast to St. Modan, Abbot, at the 4th of February, and to a St. Medan, Abbot, at the 14th of November. ^5 in the Kalendar to the Breviary of Aberdeen, St. Modan, Abbot, is noted at the 4th of February, as having been commemorated, in an office, consisting of nine lessons. '^ And again, in the Martyrology of Aberdeen, it is stated, at the same date, that he was venerated at Fynthre,^7 and that a church had been dedicated to him. ^^ It also had the rehcs of St. Modan, while various remarkable miracles were attributed to them. ^9 According to Adam King's Kalendar,^° at the 4th of February, St. Modan was abbot in Scotland, under King Conran. '^^ In his " Menologium Scoti- cum," Dempster places the festival of Modan, bishop, in Scotia, at the 5th of
^"
See Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Feb-
niarii iv. De S. Modano, Abbate in Scotia,
at the 2nd, of August, the Carthusian Mar- tyrology, or *' Usuardus auctus," has a fes- tival for a St. Medan, a bishop. See Col-
pp. 497, 498. "
"Acta Sanctorum
gan's Hiberniae,"
7 See Britannia Sancta," ^ "
iv. Februarii. De S. Modano, Abbate, ex
part i. , p. 107. See Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and
other Principal Saints," vol. ii. , February iv.
9 See "Kalendars of Scottish Saints," pp.
diversis, p. 252.
'5 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. ,
Februarii iv. De S. Modano, Abbate, in
400 to 402.
'° '* **
This date is given in the first edition ;
in the later edition, however, both are
placed at the 14th of May. " At Ferrarius
Generali Catal. SS. ad xiv. Aprilis Meda-
Scotia, p. 497.
See Bishop Forbes' Kalendars of
Scottish Saints," p. 112.
'7 There was a P'intereth, Fintre, or Fin-
trich, in the deanery of Gavioch and diocese
of Aberdeen; there was, likewise, a collegiate
church at in the of
Fintray, deanery Lennox,
archbishopric of Glasgow. See Rev.
num
Modanum Midanumque /rai/r^j ad ""
— Acta
See "Circle of the Seasons," p. 35.
;
XXVI. inscripsit.
Sanctorum,"
tomus i. , Februarii iv. De S. Modano,
"
Abbate in Scotia, sec. 5, p. 497.
Mackenzie E. C. "Walcott's
Scoti-Mo-
"
nasticon," pp. 115, 197, 265, 372. This latter is likely to have been the place,
^^ See Forbes' "Kalendars of Bishop
Scottish Saints," p. 128.
'9 Fintray was a parish church, and one
of the endowments of St. Patrick's collegiate
See, also, the
"
Lives of the Irish Saints,"
a Cistercian Monk, at this
"See the Bollandists' "Acta Sancto-
rum," tomus i. , iv. Februarii, pp. 497, 498.
by
date, p. 198.
'3 See "Kalendars of Scottish Saints," pp. church, at Dunbarton. See Chalmers'
400, 401. This remark is also made by "Caledonia," vol. iii. , chap, viii. , sect.
''
Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum," tomus ii. , Ub. xii. , num. 936,
Dempster, in p. 493.
viii. , p. 901.
^'* At the
p. 401. We are informed, moreover, that
Scottish Saints," p. 143.
" also. Hector Boetius, "Scotorum See,
Hystoriae," lib. viii. , fol. clvii.
u
of November. See Vol. II.
14th
idid. ,
='°
See Bishop Forbes' "Kalendars of
29© LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [February 4.
February. ^^^ Other saints, bearing the name of Modan or Muodan, occur in
our Irish Calendars. ^3 King Conran is said to have succeeded his brother
Congal, A. D. 501. ^''^ During his reign, Hector Boetius states, that several
eminent, holy and learned saints flourished. Among these, he observes,
Medan and Modan were pious preachers of Christ's Gospel, among the
Scots and Picts. ^5 These are also said to have been contemporaries and
countrymen of Winfredus, a son of the Scottish king,'"^ who left Scotia to
spread the Gospel elsewhere, and who is said to have been the same as St.
Fridolin,=7byDempster. Hislearningandmeritsaregreatlyextolled. ^^^ We
are left in doubt, regarding the Scotia, to which St. Modan and St. Medan
belonged by birth. The Breviary of Aberdeen states, however, that casting
aside his royal descent and riches, the pious servant of God, Modan, assumed
thelowlycowlofamonk. Thus,hewishedtobecometheheirofChrist.
From the very beginning of his life, Modan's days were passed, under the
monastic rule and habit. He thus lived, in poverty, in chastity, and in
obedience. Medan is said, likewise, to have adopted the monastic rule and
profession ; and, it has been stated, that he wrote a book, On the Praise of a
Monastic Life. ^9 A monastery,3° probably founded by Oswald, the Anglo-
Saxon King of Northumberland, at Melrose,3^ in Roxburghshire, existed
A. D. 664 ;32 and, it is thought possible, that the religious residence of Dry-
burgh had been transferred to the former place, long before Venerable Bede
had composed his history. 33 With the latter place, our saint's life appears
tohavebeenmoreparticularlyconnected. TheAbbeyofDryburgh,situated
near Mailros, was anciently one of the most famous monasteries in Scotland.
The fact of Woodburn, in the county of Antrim, and of Druin-la-Croix, in
the county of Armagh,34 having been subjected to it, seems to confirm an opinion, that an original Scoto-Irish foundation had been there established. 35
At this date, Camerarius has placed St. Modanus, -as Abbot of Dryburgh. 3^
^ See Bishop Forbes' " Kalendars of Scottish Saints," p, 191.
^4 This is said to have been the fourth mate. The monks, believing that it an-
=3 At the 6th of March, there is a St.
Muadan, Bishop of Carn-furbaidhe ; at the
29th of May, there is a St. Mo-Dune ; and,
at the 30th of August, there is a St. Muadan,
Bishop of Aireagal-Mhuadain. See " Mar-
tyrology of Donegal," edited by Drs. Todd
and Reeves. Table of the Martyrology, Melrose, a miraculous sound used to be pp. 450, 451, 454, 455. heard, before the death of each religious in-
year of King Ambrosius' reign, and the twelfth of Anastasius, Prince of the Ro- mans.
nounced the near decease of one among their fraternity, began at once to prepare for
*'
Scotorum," lib. iv.
^"i Venerated on the 6th of March.
=^ See Georgius Conseus, " De Statu Re-
ligionis apud Scotos," lib. i. , p. 30.
o's See Hector Boetius' "
Scoto-
=^ "
rum," lib. viii. , fol. clvii.
See Joannes Leslzeus, **De Gestis
3= According to Venerable Bede's Ec-
"
'9 Such is Dempster's account, in his Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum,"
clesiastica Historia Gentis Anglorum," lib.
iii. , cap. xxvi. , p. 239.
33 See Francis Grose's "Antiquities of
Scotland," vol. i. , pp. loi, I20.
*. 34 See Archdall's " Monasticon Hibemi-
cum," pp. 140, 141.
35 See Bishop Spottiswoode apud Keith's
Hystorie
tannise,
cap. xii. , p. 78.
tomus ii. , lib. xii. , num. 844, p. 450. Ac-
cording to some, he flourished A. D. 534,
while others state, he lived A. D. 803. He p. 400. Edition Russel, Edinburgh, 1824,
is ranked among the saints of Scotland, and
he is said to be the patron of Kylmadak.
See John Lesley, "De Gestis Scotorum," lib. iv. , p. clxvii.
"
Kalendars of Scottish Saints. This maybe found under Scottish Entries in the Kalendar of David
Camerarius, p. 234.
3° St. Aidan became first bishop or presi- dent over it. See James A. Wade's " His- tory of St. Mary's Abbey, Melrose, the Monastery of Old Melrose, and the Town and Parish of Melrose," chap, ii. , pp. 82,
%},.
3' John Major relates a curious popular
tradition, that in the church or cloisters of
Confession. See
Historia Majoris Bri-
tarn
lib. Anglix quam Scotise," ii. ,
"Catalogue of the Bishops of Scotland,"
3^ See Bishop Forbes'
February 4. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS 291
It seems clear, if this be admitted, the date for his government of this abbey, A. D. 522,isaltogetherinadvanceofthetruetime. InthereignofDavidI. ,
King of Scotland, about a. d.
his disciples drank. They praised God's greatness, thus manifested through his servant. In tradition, the recollection of this well is still preserved.
34 Cathald Maguire, at the i6th of January, and Desmay, in his Life of St. Fursey, notice this strange commutation. See Colgan's " Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae," iv. Februarii. Vita S. Cuannje, n. 19, p. 252, and ix. Feb- ruarii. Vita S. Furssei, n. 16, pp. 299, 300.
35 After the foregoing narrative had been
thus far given, the next sentence is left im-
perfect, ov^ring to a defect in the MS. con-
taining our saint's Acts. Colgan thinks, at
least, one leaf must be missing. The form
of what immediately succeeds is thus given :
O'h Adhnaidh on Gno-Beg the lasting, A nest not indigent or perishable. "
—See pp. 64, 65, p. xlii. , nn. 322, 323.
37 Gnomor and Gnobeg, two sons of Lugad, possessed those territories called after them, and since constituting the barony of
Moycullen, in the county of Galway. See *'
O'Flaherty's Ogygia," pars iii. , cap. Ixxxii. , p. 387. Lough Orbsen is now known as Lough Coriib.
38 gge Sir William Wilde's ' * Lough Cor- rib ; its Shores and Islands," chap, iv. , p.
**
Cumque Episcopus praefatje, &c. Deest 82.
hicinMS. unumadminusJolium,eosad
necessitatem sanctorum occidunt, & fercula
digna murmurantibus, de eorum carnibus
39See O'Flaherty's "lar-Connaught," &c. , pp. 52, 54, 62, 156, 252, 255, 391, 392.
o See " Acta Sanctorum Hiber* Colgan's
distribuuntur. " See
Colgan's
" Acta Sane-
tbrum Hiberniae," iv. Februarii. Vita S.
niae," iv. Februarii. Vita S. Cuannfle, cap. vi. , vii. , viii,, p. 250.
Cuannce, cap. xiii,, p. 251.
3* In " The Poems of Topographical John
^' "The saint's called Dabkac well,
O'Dubhagainand GiollanaNaomhO'Huid—- hrin," edited by Dr. O'Donovan, we find :
C//«a«a, formerly much frequented by pil- grims, lies in the adjacent townland of
"
Ovier Gno-mor, of smooth marshes,
—
Knockreen. " SirWilliamWilde's"Lough
MacConroiquietlyreigns
Corrib; itsShoresandIslands,"chap,iv. , p. 83.
ti-EBRUARY 4. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 287
At another time, whilst engaged in the contemplation of Heavenly
things, and singing the Divine praises, in a certain field, near his cell,
Finmaith, mother to our saint, approached him, and extolled the beauty ot
his cheeks and the brightness of his eyes. This, however, proved a great
source of annoyance to him. Fearing his corporal beauty might become an occasion, for tempting others to the commission of mortal sin, Cuanna is said
immediately to have deprived himself of sight, thus too literally fulfiling the
" If scandalize Gospel precept, thy right eye
thee, pluck
from thee. " <* However, his sight was again restored, through a miracle.
The servant of God began to experience great pain, from the nature of this
self-privation, but shortly afterwards he fell asleep. The Divine mercy, having restored sight to those born blindj-^s likewise renewed his servant's
: eyesight,thatsohemightbeabletosay,withtheprophetDavid "Omy
God, enlighten my darkness, for by thee I shall be delivered from tempta- tion. "'^'* The author of our saint's Acts observes, that as Cuanna thus endea- voured to avoid human praise, wherefore, true and deserved laudation followed him, as it often does those who seek to avoid it. ^s
One of the last incidents, recorded in the mutilated Acts of our saint, enables us to understand, that he had been visited by certain holy men, who remained with him for three days. A deer, with her hind, came to the place, where they were stopping—probably at Kill-Cuanna—and without betraying any sign of fear, both the wild animals approached our saint
before him, licking his hands and feet, at the same time. The Lord is truly wonderful, in his saints ; and, as the lions became gentle before the sight of Daniel, in their den, so were the deer completely domesticated with Cuanna. His holy guests, no doubt, felt greatly edified at what they had witnessed ; and, on departing from him, they gave their right hands to him, in token of brotherhood, and in the name of the most adorable Trinity. Then they departed, while the deer, in a domesticated state, remained with St. Cuanna, so long as he lived. ^^
After the foregoing incidents, and various other unrecorded miracles, had occurred, the holy man of God desired to die, as he had lived, in peace with Christ. GentlyhepassedawaytothebosomofAbraham,theangelsheralding his way to the starry heavens, where with the Father, Son and Holy Ghost, henowreigns,inaworldwithoutend. Hehadcollectedaroundhim,athis church and monastery of Kilcoonagh, a great number of learned Christian men, when the whole of this region from Clare-Galway to Cong was fertile with piety, learning and art. 47
Thatthissaintdied,abouttheyear650,isColgan'sopinion. However,
his inference, that Cuanna departed at this particular date,^^ rests upon no just
grounds. Althoughwemightadmit,thatgreatpublicassembly,mentioned in his Acts, to have been held, about such a period ; we are no where in-
formed, in his imperfect biography, that Cuanna's death occurred, during the same year, notwithstanding Colgan's affirmative assertion. '*^ Neither does
He cried " The out,
who created
No sooner had he spoken these words, than the deer fell upon her knees
*= See Matt, v. , 29.
*3 See Matt, ix. , 27, 28, 29, 30, 31. ^ See Psalms, xvii. , 29, 30.
"
xiv. , p. 251.
^i See Sir William WUde's "Lough
Corrib ; its Shores and Islands," chap, iv. j p» 82.
'^ See " Acta Sanctorum Hibernia," iv.
Februarii, n. 20, p. 252.
-^ Dr. Lanigan also observes :
Acta Sanctorum Hiber* hiss," iv. Februarii. De S. Cuanna, cap.
*s See Colgan's Xv, Dt 250k
Lord,
you,
shall
certainly
make tame. " you
"
ni»," iv» Februarii, De S. Cuanna, cap. death seems to have occurred during th<
*^See
Colgan's
** Acta Sanctorum Hiber-
CUanna'3
it and cast it out,
LIVES OP THE IRISH SAINTS.
[February 4.
there appear the least connexion, between the narrative, regarding this pubHc assembly, and those circumstances, immediately preceding the account of our saint's death ; on the contrary-, Colgan himself acknowledges, that at
least one leaf is missing in the manuscript, containing Cuanna's Acts, and in his possession. A notice of that public assembly breaks off, in an un-
finished manner, according to this mutilated record ; while, the succeeding
contexthasnoreferencewhatever,totheprecedingfragments. Atthe4th
of February, we find St. Cuanna lauded, for his piety and austerity, in the
"
Tallagh,5^ at the 4th of February. At Lismore, he was probably only a monk; but,afterwards,hebecameabbotoverthechurchandmonasteryof Kill-Chuanna. Atthisday,likewise,hisnatalisisnotedintheCalendarof Cashel, where he is said to have been of Lismore. The O'Clerys fell into an error, when they represent Cuanna, as an Abbot of Lis-more. He is entered thus, in the Martyrology of Donegal,5' as having been venerated on thisday. However,itdoesnotseemcertain,hewasthereelevatedtosucha dignity. His festival being kept, on the 4th day of February,53 it is probably the anniversary date for his departure. The Scottish Kalendars have, like- wise, commemorated this saint. 54 Thus were the merits of this holy man extended beyond the bounds of his own country, where his memory was more specially reverenced.
Article II. —St. Modan, Abbot, and St. Medan, in Scotland.
\Probably in the Eighth or Ninth Century. ^ Armed with faith, virtue and righteousness, as faithful soldiers and servants of Christ, these holy men
the
Feilire" of St. ^ngus. s° Cuanna, Lismoir, occurs in the Martyrology of
warred the continually, against
and the world. "^ fleeting
devil,
Christian perfection, they knew, was to be attained, by holy prayer and con-
templation, and by a close union of our souls with God-^" The Acts of St. Modan,ifwritten,seemtohaveperished,ortohavebeenlost. TheAberdeen
Breviary, compiled about the year 1509, appears to be the earliest known authority,fortheActsofthisholyman; and,thelessonsofhisofiicemust have been taken, from some earlier records, otherwise, the statements there made only rest on popular tradition. 3 From difl"erent sources, Colgan* has given us some particulars, regarding this holy confessor and abbot, at the 4th of February. The Bollandists have composed a dissertation,5 in eight
time that St. Fursey was at Perron in France.
Hence Colgan deduced, that it probably was about 650 ; whereas Fursey was not at Perron until 648, and died there in 652. "—- "Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, xiv. , sect, xv. , n. 208, p. 360.
S" The following stanza is taken from the
O'Gorman, and Cathal Maguire, are agreed, on this point.
54 in the ** Kalendarium Drummon-
"
Professor O'Looney :—
diense," at the 4th of February, we find this entry, "apud Hiberniam Sancta Virgo Cuanna ad Christum migravit," p. 4. See Bishop Forbes' "Kalendars of Scottish Saints. "
Leabhar Breac," and thus translated, by
Article ii. —* See the Breviary of Aber- deen. Office of St. Modan, lect. i.
5. ii. n. i:t\oniuf AgAf mAgtiAf, SelAiffe l^ofeffe^ ;
SeiMTiAn triApcip tiAf^l,
»
See Rev. Alban Butler's "Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and other Principal Saints," vol. ii. , February iv.
3 Seethe Bollandists' " Acta " Sanctorum,
tomus i. , Februarii iv. De S. Modano, abbate, in Scotia, p. 497. Also Rev. S.
CuAriA
c^abdaL cpefen.
Fronius and Magnus, Gelasius thou knowest ; German, a noble martyr,
Cuana, pious, austere.
S* Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xiv.
5' Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
38, 39>
53 The Calendar of Cashel, Marianus
"
Lives of the Saints," vol.
flesh,
Baring-Gould's
ii. , February iv. , p. 91.
^ See "Acta Sanctorum Hibernize," iv.
Februarii. De S. Modano Abbate, ex di-
versis, pp. 252, 253.
5 Written by Father John Boland, in the
"Acta Sanctorum. "
February 4. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 289
previous paragraphs, with a Life of St. Modan, taken from six lessons, to be foundintheBreviaryofAberdeen. ^ BishopChalloner,7Rev. AlbanButler,^
andBishopForbes,havealsoanaccountregardinghim. 9 Atthisparticular date, hkewise, several Calendarists have chosen to associate, with the present saint, a holy brother, called Medan or Middan, about whom very little seems tobeknown. TheEnglishMartyrologyofJohnWilsonrecordsModanand Medan or Middan, at the 26th of April ;'° and, it states, that both were celebrated in Scotia and Hibernia, where many altars were dedicated to them. On the 4th of February," as appears from the Aberdeen Breviary, the feast of St. Modan, Abbot, with six lessons," was kept in Scotland. That of his brother, Medan or Midan, is usually found in connexion. We know few authentic particulars, regarding the lives of these holy servants of God. Accordingtothemostprobableopinion,however,theyflourishedin the eighth or ninth century. The present St. Modan, Confessor and Abbot, is entered at the 4th of February, by Bishop Forbes, who says, he is not to be confounded with St. Medana and St. Middanus. ^3 There was another St.
Modan, a bishop, venerated in Scotland,^-^ but not at this particular date. Hermann Greuen, in his additions to Usuard, has a feast to St. Modan, Abbot, at the 4th of February, and to a St. Medan, Abbot, at the 14th of November. ^5 in the Kalendar to the Breviary of Aberdeen, St. Modan, Abbot, is noted at the 4th of February, as having been commemorated, in an office, consisting of nine lessons. '^ And again, in the Martyrology of Aberdeen, it is stated, at the same date, that he was venerated at Fynthre,^7 and that a church had been dedicated to him. ^^ It also had the rehcs of St. Modan, while various remarkable miracles were attributed to them. ^9 According to Adam King's Kalendar,^° at the 4th of February, St. Modan was abbot in Scotland, under King Conran. '^^ In his " Menologium Scoti- cum," Dempster places the festival of Modan, bishop, in Scotia, at the 5th of
^"
See Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Feb-
niarii iv. De S. Modano, Abbate in Scotia,
at the 2nd, of August, the Carthusian Mar- tyrology, or *' Usuardus auctus," has a fes- tival for a St. Medan, a bishop. See Col-
pp. 497, 498. "
"Acta Sanctorum
gan's Hiberniae,"
7 See Britannia Sancta," ^ "
iv. Februarii. De S. Modano, Abbate, ex
part i. , p. 107. See Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and
other Principal Saints," vol. ii. , February iv.
9 See "Kalendars of Scottish Saints," pp.
diversis, p. 252.
'5 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. ,
Februarii iv. De S. Modano, Abbate, in
400 to 402.
'° '* **
This date is given in the first edition ;
in the later edition, however, both are
placed at the 14th of May. " At Ferrarius
Generali Catal. SS. ad xiv. Aprilis Meda-
Scotia, p. 497.
See Bishop Forbes' Kalendars of
Scottish Saints," p. 112.
'7 There was a P'intereth, Fintre, or Fin-
trich, in the deanery of Gavioch and diocese
of Aberdeen; there was, likewise, a collegiate
church at in the of
Fintray, deanery Lennox,
archbishopric of Glasgow. See Rev.
num
Modanum Midanumque /rai/r^j ad ""
— Acta
See "Circle of the Seasons," p. 35.
;
XXVI. inscripsit.
Sanctorum,"
tomus i. , Februarii iv. De S. Modano,
"
Abbate in Scotia, sec. 5, p. 497.
Mackenzie E. C. "Walcott's
Scoti-Mo-
"
nasticon," pp. 115, 197, 265, 372. This latter is likely to have been the place,
^^ See Forbes' "Kalendars of Bishop
Scottish Saints," p. 128.
'9 Fintray was a parish church, and one
of the endowments of St. Patrick's collegiate
See, also, the
"
Lives of the Irish Saints,"
a Cistercian Monk, at this
"See the Bollandists' "Acta Sancto-
rum," tomus i. , iv. Februarii, pp. 497, 498.
by
date, p. 198.
'3 See "Kalendars of Scottish Saints," pp. church, at Dunbarton. See Chalmers'
400, 401. This remark is also made by "Caledonia," vol. iii. , chap, viii. , sect.
''
Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum," tomus ii. , Ub. xii. , num. 936,
Dempster, in p. 493.
viii. , p. 901.
^'* At the
p. 401. We are informed, moreover, that
Scottish Saints," p. 143.
" also. Hector Boetius, "Scotorum See,
Hystoriae," lib. viii. , fol. clvii.
u
of November. See Vol. II.
14th
idid. ,
='°
See Bishop Forbes' "Kalendars of
29© LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [February 4.
February. ^^^ Other saints, bearing the name of Modan or Muodan, occur in
our Irish Calendars. ^3 King Conran is said to have succeeded his brother
Congal, A. D. 501. ^''^ During his reign, Hector Boetius states, that several
eminent, holy and learned saints flourished. Among these, he observes,
Medan and Modan were pious preachers of Christ's Gospel, among the
Scots and Picts. ^5 These are also said to have been contemporaries and
countrymen of Winfredus, a son of the Scottish king,'"^ who left Scotia to
spread the Gospel elsewhere, and who is said to have been the same as St.
Fridolin,=7byDempster. Hislearningandmeritsaregreatlyextolled. ^^^ We
are left in doubt, regarding the Scotia, to which St. Modan and St. Medan
belonged by birth. The Breviary of Aberdeen states, however, that casting
aside his royal descent and riches, the pious servant of God, Modan, assumed
thelowlycowlofamonk. Thus,hewishedtobecometheheirofChrist.
From the very beginning of his life, Modan's days were passed, under the
monastic rule and habit. He thus lived, in poverty, in chastity, and in
obedience. Medan is said, likewise, to have adopted the monastic rule and
profession ; and, it has been stated, that he wrote a book, On the Praise of a
Monastic Life. ^9 A monastery,3° probably founded by Oswald, the Anglo-
Saxon King of Northumberland, at Melrose,3^ in Roxburghshire, existed
A. D. 664 ;32 and, it is thought possible, that the religious residence of Dry-
burgh had been transferred to the former place, long before Venerable Bede
had composed his history. 33 With the latter place, our saint's life appears
tohavebeenmoreparticularlyconnected. TheAbbeyofDryburgh,situated
near Mailros, was anciently one of the most famous monasteries in Scotland.
The fact of Woodburn, in the county of Antrim, and of Druin-la-Croix, in
the county of Armagh,34 having been subjected to it, seems to confirm an opinion, that an original Scoto-Irish foundation had been there established. 35
At this date, Camerarius has placed St. Modanus, -as Abbot of Dryburgh. 3^
^ See Bishop Forbes' " Kalendars of Scottish Saints," p, 191.
^4 This is said to have been the fourth mate. The monks, believing that it an-
=3 At the 6th of March, there is a St.
Muadan, Bishop of Carn-furbaidhe ; at the
29th of May, there is a St. Mo-Dune ; and,
at the 30th of August, there is a St. Muadan,
Bishop of Aireagal-Mhuadain. See " Mar-
tyrology of Donegal," edited by Drs. Todd
and Reeves. Table of the Martyrology, Melrose, a miraculous sound used to be pp. 450, 451, 454, 455. heard, before the death of each religious in-
year of King Ambrosius' reign, and the twelfth of Anastasius, Prince of the Ro- mans.
nounced the near decease of one among their fraternity, began at once to prepare for
*'
Scotorum," lib. iv.
^"i Venerated on the 6th of March.
=^ See Georgius Conseus, " De Statu Re-
ligionis apud Scotos," lib. i. , p. 30.
o's See Hector Boetius' "
Scoto-
=^ "
rum," lib. viii. , fol. clvii.
See Joannes Leslzeus, **De Gestis
3= According to Venerable Bede's Ec-
"
'9 Such is Dempster's account, in his Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum,"
clesiastica Historia Gentis Anglorum," lib.
iii. , cap. xxvi. , p. 239.
33 See Francis Grose's "Antiquities of
Scotland," vol. i. , pp. loi, I20.
*. 34 See Archdall's " Monasticon Hibemi-
cum," pp. 140, 141.
35 See Bishop Spottiswoode apud Keith's
Hystorie
tannise,
cap. xii. , p. 78.
tomus ii. , lib. xii. , num. 844, p. 450. Ac-
cording to some, he flourished A. D. 534,
while others state, he lived A. D. 803. He p. 400. Edition Russel, Edinburgh, 1824,
is ranked among the saints of Scotland, and
he is said to be the patron of Kylmadak.
See John Lesley, "De Gestis Scotorum," lib. iv. , p. clxvii.
"
Kalendars of Scottish Saints. This maybe found under Scottish Entries in the Kalendar of David
Camerarius, p. 234.
3° St. Aidan became first bishop or presi- dent over it. See James A. Wade's " His- tory of St. Mary's Abbey, Melrose, the Monastery of Old Melrose, and the Town and Parish of Melrose," chap, ii. , pp. 82,
%},.
3' John Major relates a curious popular
tradition, that in the church or cloisters of
Confession. See
Historia Majoris Bri-
tarn
lib. Anglix quam Scotise," ii. ,
"Catalogue of the Bishops of Scotland,"
3^ See Bishop Forbes'
February 4. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS 291
It seems clear, if this be admitted, the date for his government of this abbey, A. D. 522,isaltogetherinadvanceofthetruetime. InthereignofDavidI. ,
King of Scotland, about a. d.
