Columba as alluding to the future moral
greatness
of his monastery,yetspeakingofitinam—aterial
85 The Irish version of Venerable Bede's abstract of Adamnan renders exedra by the termirvoum.
85 The Irish version of Venerable Bede's abstract of Adamnan renders exedra by the termirvoum.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v6
See Rev.
Dr.
Reeves' Adam- rounded by a rude circular wall of unce- nan's "Life of St.
Colnmba," lib.
ii.
, cap.
mented stones and earth, of which so many 32, pp.
145, 146, and 11.
(a).
remains have been found scattered all over 59 Whether the
the country. Within these stood the houses language was Gaelic or Piciish is not re-
of wood or wicker-work where the chief and his immediate retainers lived ; while the still ruder huts of the clansmen were clustered round for protection. The Colomban monasteries were of much the same nature. Within a rude fort of stone or earth stood the church, built of wooden planks, with more or fewer huts composed of wicker-work coated with clay for the clerics. There they lived, presided over by a chief or abbot,
corded ; but, he had probably a good know- ledge of both dialects.
*° A stanza from the Amhra of
relates the different r—aces of Britain to whom
forth to convert and instruct the surrounding population, and returning to the monastery for mutual protection and en- couragement.
5* The parish of A—berdour had for its
patron St. Drostan a confirmation of
thelegendintheBookofDeer. Perhapsa
more telling confirmation is to be found in
the fact, that a beautiful and powerfuljspring
of water that issues in the green brae facing
the broad shore is still popularly know as
" 6t the Durstanwal. "
sallying
:
& See "Imperial Gazetteer of Scotland," vol. ii. , p. 540.
John
Hill Burton's " of History
interpreter's
vernacular
the saint preached
p&i|\enn <\UbAn co muir» ti-lcc, jaoitnL, Cjuncrug Sal\, S^. \o-D]mc,
^Xr peAjvr* peAfanb ye&\\ 00 coix> Crvioca oLiA-OAin prxioccAix) •001b.
—
" The people of Alba to the Ictian Sea
[British Channel],
The Gaedhil, Cruithneans, Saxons,
Saxon-Brits:
Best of men was the man who went
[to them] :
Thirty years did he preach to them. "
See Matt. ix. The details of this mira
Thus it is rendered into English
:
:
Columkille,
June 9. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 391
boy returned to life, and opened his eyes. Lifting him up, and taking him by the hand, the saint conducted him to his parents. Upon this, the people
present raised a shout of joy and admiration. 61
62 while multitudes embraced the true Faith, in that part of the country, to the great discomfiture of the Magi and of their adherents. 63 Another time that the saint was tra- velling over Drumbriton,64 when he came near Loch Ness,6s he had a revela-
tion,andhesaidtohisattendants "Letusgoquicklytomeettheholyangels
:
sent from the highest heavens, to bring with them the soul of a pagan, and who now awaits our arrival, that we may baptize in due time before his death this man, who has led a blameless 66 life from youth to a great age. " Having said this much, the holy man walked quickly before his attendants, until he came to a 6 ? on the west side of
into and the God of the Christians was jubilation,
glorified ;
district,
Arochdan. 68 There, he found an aged man, whose name was Emchat, and who, on hearing the word of God preached by the saint, believed and was
69 fullof and and Immediately after, joy confidence,
accompanied
baptized.
by angels, he passed to the Lord. ? His son Virolec believed, also, and was
1
baptized, together with all his household. ?
After his return from the first visit to Pictland, the holy Abbot must
have spent some time, in completing the material works required for his monastic establishment on Iona ; perhaps, too, in framing rules for the monks, and in training them to habits of religious discipline. We shall endeavour here
2 which is intended to be
ment and economy for St. Columba monastery,? 3 when it had been fully formed
under his superintendence. For the religious residence proper of Iona, a certain considerable space ? 4 was marked off by the Vallum^ or raised en-
closure; whiletheChurch,Hospice,Refectory,andtheKitchen,werebuilt
to some present
idea,?
explanatory
of the
arrange-
cle are told in a manner somewhat similar. 62 See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's " Life of St. Columba," lib. ii. , cap. 32,
and nn. (b, c), pp. 145, 146.
63 See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga,"
Prima Vita S. Columba? , cap. xxii. , p. 323 ; Secunda Vita S. Columbae, cap. x. , p. 326 ; Tertia Vita S. Columba? , cap. xxi. , p. 333 ; Quarta Vita S. Columba, lib. ii. , cap. xxxii. , p. 357, and Quinta Vita S. Columba? ,
There are remains of other ancient cemete-
ries in the glen, and these are called Kill-
meechal, Killyeenan and Crochan-boora.
c8
This district is called Airchartan, or Glen Urquhard, in William F. Skene's "Celtic Scotland: a History of Ancient Alban," vol. ii. , book ii. , chap, iii. , p. 120.
^ This miracle is related, also, in Colgan's "Trias Thuamaturga," Secunda Vita S. Columba? , cap. xvi. , pp. 326, 327 ; Textia Vita S. Columba? , cap. xxxiv, p. 334 ; Quarta Vita S. Columba? , lib. iii. , cap. xiv. , p. 366 ; Quinta Vita S. Columba? , lib. ii. , cap. xci. , p. 426.
? ° This incident of God's providence, in
reserving for the dying the grace of spiritual succour, finds a parallel in the history of the Catholic Church of Scotland, about the middle of the seventeenth century, when two Irish missionaries arrived just in time, and most unexpectedly, to administer the sacraments to a Catholic on the point of death. This interesting anecdote is given, in Rev. Dr. J. F. S. Gordon's " Scotichroni-
lib. ii. , cap. lxxv. , p. 423. "
64 Latinized Britannia: Dorsum. " O'Don- nellwritesit Druim-Brettan.
65 Adamnan styles it " secus Nisa? flumi- nis lacum," which shows that the river gave the name of Ness to the Loch.
65 As the reward of any good natural act,
man is not more deserving of God's mercy ;
he is only less undeserving. But —God does
sometimes give of His bounty an—d the
doctrine is beautifully illustrated here even
to infidels, those aids by which they may
observe the law of nature and avoid griev-
ous sin. If they do so, He will, of His own
goodness, too, enlighten them by faith,
either through other men, or by internal
illumination, or by sending an angel from of St. Columba," lib. iii. , cap. 14, and nn. Heaven, if necessary, or by whatever means
He chooses.
67 There was formerly a church, at Temple-
house, the entrance of Glen Urquhart, at an
ash-tree, and it is said, that a cemetery occu- pied the space now crossed by the road.
(a, b, c, d), pp. 214, 215.
7 * To the Rev. Dr. Reeves, we are mainly
Lough Ness,
and called Glen- locally
Lamentation was changed
con," vol. i. , Appendix, pp. xvi. , xvii.
7 ' See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's " Life
indebted for the patient study of Adamnan's text, which furnished the details, and which is mostly quoted in the succeeding notes, ex- changing only the pagination of Dr. Reeves
392 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [June 9.
on the level within
it,
or in the also called the plateola. ? 6 A fosse courtway,
or ditch was dug round the inner rampart. The church or oratory of the
monastery was the most important of all the buildings within the enclosure. 77
It contained an 8 of stone, and this was remote in situation
altar,? probably
fromthedoor. 79 Onitweretheusualvessels,thechalice8oand
patena.
81 We
can hardly, at present, have any correct idea regarding the size and situation
of this church, 82 as the mediaeval erections of a later period have long since
83
inIrishdenominatedanerdomh^ Thisservedthepurposesofasacristy, and it opened, most probably, on the exterior as internally. Here may have been kept the clocca^ or bell, by which the community was summoned to the
sacred offices. The lodgings or hospitia of the community appear to have been detached huts,87 originally formed of wattles 88 or of wood. 8? Among the
peculiarities regarding St. Columba's manner of living, in his monastic society,
and itbyadoor,wasachamber8* ordetachedcell,calledanexedra,orexedriola,
displaced it.
Attached to the church on one side,
communicating with
Adamnan makes
frequent
mention of the abbot's
or 1 or little house,? hospice,?
hospice,? others,? ^
2 which he
a styles hut,93
or a little
hut,? *
at some distance from the
sat and
8 or
oraccompanied by tvvomonks,
asbuiltwith 6andsituateonaneminence. ? 7 Herethefounder joists,9
one 100 who read to attendant, occasionally
who stood at the door his orders. 102 waiting
with a lock and 10* At key.
a
read,? ? having Here was his bed. 103 The door was
wrote,?
101
for the Book and Chapter, as found in the
him,
the in monastery
whenevera
provided, also, stranger arrived,
ios orhutwas
Iona,
prepared for his sojourn. The guest-house or quarter assigned for visitors seems to have been incapable of receiving many strangers, although much fre-
"
Life of St. Columba. "
is in the Advocates' Library at Edinburgh, and it gives a very interesting account of the ruin then existing.
73 For a better understanding of the site
and the immediate geographical surround-
ings, the reader is invited to compare our
description,withthemodernMapofthat
part of Iona, which presents the features of scription with fine copperplates—of Iona greatest historic interest, in William F. and its Antiquities. See vol. ii. , part i. , pp. Skene's "Celtic Scotland: a History of 276 to 298.
Ancient p. 100. 74 St
Alban,"
vol.
ii. ,
book
ii. , chap, iii. ,
84 See Adamnan's " Life of St. lib. iii. , cap. 19.
Columba,"
Adamnan represents St.
Columba as alluding to the future moral greatness of his monastery,yetspeakingofitinam—aterial
85 The Irish version of Venerable Bede's abstract of Adamnan renders exedra by the termirvoum. SeeteAbharvb|\eac,fol. 69b.
fashion "quamlibet angusto et vili. " of St. Columba," lib. iii. , cap. 23.
"Life
86 See Adamnan's " Life of St.
Columba,"
75 In most of the other Irish monasteries, the vallum was of a circular figure, and it was intended more for the restraint than for the security of the inmates.
76 The Irish term for it is paicce. See
lib. i. , cap. 8, lib. iii. , cap. 23.
87 External authorities call them boch<i,
ii. , cap. 16,
lib.
n.
as the "sacra
and lib.
77 Sec ibid. , lib. ii. , cap. 40, 42. It is also
Latinized, cellae, celluse.
88 See lib. ii. , cap. 3.
89 See lib. ii. . , cap. 45.
90 See lib. iii. , cap. 19, 21. 91 See lib.
i. , cap. 50, cap. 6.
(e), p. 98,
iii. , cap. 23.
92 See lib. iii. , cap. 21, 23.
designated, cap. 19.
iii. ,
lib. domus," iii. ,
93 See lib. iii. , cap. 23.
94 See lib. lib. i. , cap. 25, 35,
78 See ibid. , lib. i. , cap. 44, lib. ii. , cap. 39. 42.
79 See ibid. , lib. iii. , cap. 23.
80
Nearly all the Irish words of ecclesias- tical significance come from Greek or Latin roots. Thus, in the Liber Armacanus, we
and lib. iii. , cap. 15.
95 See lib. iii. , cap. 21.
96 See lib. L, cap. 25.
97 See lib. iii. , cap. 21.
98 See lib. ii. , cap. 16, 29, lib. iii. ,
cap. 15.
99 See lib. ii. , cap. 40.
find 601Lech n-AirrproiTO,
"
100 101
See lib. i. , cap. 25, 43, lib. ii. , cap. 29.
calix offertorii," in the Irish Life of St. Patrick, fol. 8 bb.
See lib. i. , cap. 35.
102 See lib. iii. , cap. 15, 22.
81 See ibid. , and fol. 11 bb.
82 "A Short
Description
of
Iona, 1693,"
103 See lib.
iii. , cap. 23.
hospice
83 Thomas Pennant, in his "Tour in Scotland, and Voyage to the Hebrides, mdcclxii—,"presentsuswithadetailedde-
June 9. ]
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 393
106 quented ;
however, a visitor might be there for several days, without having beenseenbytheabbot. IO? Wheneveramemberofthecommunitydied,his corpse was laid out, and waked in his lodging, as happened in the case of the founder himself. 108
the
of the
or waxed tablets.
and other 00 such as the literary apparatus,'
these were the sacra— volumina,
,0* 109 110 111 1,2
See lib. iii. , cap. 23.
See lib. i. , cap. 23, 24.
See ibid. , cap. 35.
See lib. iii. , cap. 18, 23.
Among these Acts and Lives of saints
a ladle, biberce, or cups, ferramenta, or things made of iron, pugiones, butchers' knifes and cultelli, or table knifes. See
lib. i. , cap. 17, lib. ii. , cap. 29, 33.
preservation 110
books,
tabulae,
Sacred Books o
form of a Bible also, ecclesiastical writings,
112
possibly and even profane authors.
"3
The lt* or graphia styles,
the calami "5 or
— and the cornicula atra- pens,
or fire-place
and the
I2s or
water-pot.
In
very
cold weather the
the hours
kettle,
hydria,
104 See lib. iii. , cap. 18, 21.
106
107 See lib. 2. ibid. , i. , cap.
tory of St. Canice, at Aghaboe, with its mensula, or "little table. " See lib. ii. ,
,t>s See lib. i. , lib. cap. 4,
ii. , cap. 39. See ibid. , lib. ii. , cap. 39.
cap. 13.
, -* 1 Such
were to be found, as also commentaries on
the Sacred Scripture, sermons, and hymns. " 3 See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's " Life of St. Columba," Additional Notes N, n.
(t), pp. 352, 353.
114 See Rev.
remains have been found scattered all over 59 Whether the
the country. Within these stood the houses language was Gaelic or Piciish is not re-
of wood or wicker-work where the chief and his immediate retainers lived ; while the still ruder huts of the clansmen were clustered round for protection. The Colomban monasteries were of much the same nature. Within a rude fort of stone or earth stood the church, built of wooden planks, with more or fewer huts composed of wicker-work coated with clay for the clerics. There they lived, presided over by a chief or abbot,
corded ; but, he had probably a good know- ledge of both dialects.
*° A stanza from the Amhra of
relates the different r—aces of Britain to whom
forth to convert and instruct the surrounding population, and returning to the monastery for mutual protection and en- couragement.
5* The parish of A—berdour had for its
patron St. Drostan a confirmation of
thelegendintheBookofDeer. Perhapsa
more telling confirmation is to be found in
the fact, that a beautiful and powerfuljspring
of water that issues in the green brae facing
the broad shore is still popularly know as
" 6t the Durstanwal. "
sallying
:
& See "Imperial Gazetteer of Scotland," vol. ii. , p. 540.
John
Hill Burton's " of History
interpreter's
vernacular
the saint preached
p&i|\enn <\UbAn co muir» ti-lcc, jaoitnL, Cjuncrug Sal\, S^. \o-D]mc,
^Xr peAjvr* peAfanb ye&\\ 00 coix> Crvioca oLiA-OAin prxioccAix) •001b.
—
" The people of Alba to the Ictian Sea
[British Channel],
The Gaedhil, Cruithneans, Saxons,
Saxon-Brits:
Best of men was the man who went
[to them] :
Thirty years did he preach to them. "
See Matt. ix. The details of this mira
Thus it is rendered into English
:
:
Columkille,
June 9. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 391
boy returned to life, and opened his eyes. Lifting him up, and taking him by the hand, the saint conducted him to his parents. Upon this, the people
present raised a shout of joy and admiration. 61
62 while multitudes embraced the true Faith, in that part of the country, to the great discomfiture of the Magi and of their adherents. 63 Another time that the saint was tra- velling over Drumbriton,64 when he came near Loch Ness,6s he had a revela-
tion,andhesaidtohisattendants "Letusgoquicklytomeettheholyangels
:
sent from the highest heavens, to bring with them the soul of a pagan, and who now awaits our arrival, that we may baptize in due time before his death this man, who has led a blameless 66 life from youth to a great age. " Having said this much, the holy man walked quickly before his attendants, until he came to a 6 ? on the west side of
into and the God of the Christians was jubilation,
glorified ;
district,
Arochdan. 68 There, he found an aged man, whose name was Emchat, and who, on hearing the word of God preached by the saint, believed and was
69 fullof and and Immediately after, joy confidence,
accompanied
baptized.
by angels, he passed to the Lord. ? His son Virolec believed, also, and was
1
baptized, together with all his household. ?
After his return from the first visit to Pictland, the holy Abbot must
have spent some time, in completing the material works required for his monastic establishment on Iona ; perhaps, too, in framing rules for the monks, and in training them to habits of religious discipline. We shall endeavour here
2 which is intended to be
ment and economy for St. Columba monastery,? 3 when it had been fully formed
under his superintendence. For the religious residence proper of Iona, a certain considerable space ? 4 was marked off by the Vallum^ or raised en-
closure; whiletheChurch,Hospice,Refectory,andtheKitchen,werebuilt
to some present
idea,?
explanatory
of the
arrange-
cle are told in a manner somewhat similar. 62 See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's " Life of St. Columba," lib. ii. , cap. 32,
and nn. (b, c), pp. 145, 146.
63 See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga,"
Prima Vita S. Columba? , cap. xxii. , p. 323 ; Secunda Vita S. Columbae, cap. x. , p. 326 ; Tertia Vita S. Columba? , cap. xxi. , p. 333 ; Quarta Vita S. Columba, lib. ii. , cap. xxxii. , p. 357, and Quinta Vita S. Columba? ,
There are remains of other ancient cemete-
ries in the glen, and these are called Kill-
meechal, Killyeenan and Crochan-boora.
c8
This district is called Airchartan, or Glen Urquhard, in William F. Skene's "Celtic Scotland: a History of Ancient Alban," vol. ii. , book ii. , chap, iii. , p. 120.
^ This miracle is related, also, in Colgan's "Trias Thuamaturga," Secunda Vita S. Columba? , cap. xvi. , pp. 326, 327 ; Textia Vita S. Columba? , cap. xxxiv, p. 334 ; Quarta Vita S. Columba? , lib. iii. , cap. xiv. , p. 366 ; Quinta Vita S. Columba? , lib. ii. , cap. xci. , p. 426.
? ° This incident of God's providence, in
reserving for the dying the grace of spiritual succour, finds a parallel in the history of the Catholic Church of Scotland, about the middle of the seventeenth century, when two Irish missionaries arrived just in time, and most unexpectedly, to administer the sacraments to a Catholic on the point of death. This interesting anecdote is given, in Rev. Dr. J. F. S. Gordon's " Scotichroni-
lib. ii. , cap. lxxv. , p. 423. "
64 Latinized Britannia: Dorsum. " O'Don- nellwritesit Druim-Brettan.
65 Adamnan styles it " secus Nisa? flumi- nis lacum," which shows that the river gave the name of Ness to the Loch.
65 As the reward of any good natural act,
man is not more deserving of God's mercy ;
he is only less undeserving. But —God does
sometimes give of His bounty an—d the
doctrine is beautifully illustrated here even
to infidels, those aids by which they may
observe the law of nature and avoid griev-
ous sin. If they do so, He will, of His own
goodness, too, enlighten them by faith,
either through other men, or by internal
illumination, or by sending an angel from of St. Columba," lib. iii. , cap. 14, and nn. Heaven, if necessary, or by whatever means
He chooses.
67 There was formerly a church, at Temple-
house, the entrance of Glen Urquhart, at an
ash-tree, and it is said, that a cemetery occu- pied the space now crossed by the road.
(a, b, c, d), pp. 214, 215.
7 * To the Rev. Dr. Reeves, we are mainly
Lough Ness,
and called Glen- locally
Lamentation was changed
con," vol. i. , Appendix, pp. xvi. , xvii.
7 ' See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's " Life
indebted for the patient study of Adamnan's text, which furnished the details, and which is mostly quoted in the succeeding notes, ex- changing only the pagination of Dr. Reeves
392 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [June 9.
on the level within
it,
or in the also called the plateola. ? 6 A fosse courtway,
or ditch was dug round the inner rampart. The church or oratory of the
monastery was the most important of all the buildings within the enclosure. 77
It contained an 8 of stone, and this was remote in situation
altar,? probably
fromthedoor. 79 Onitweretheusualvessels,thechalice8oand
patena.
81 We
can hardly, at present, have any correct idea regarding the size and situation
of this church, 82 as the mediaeval erections of a later period have long since
83
inIrishdenominatedanerdomh^ Thisservedthepurposesofasacristy, and it opened, most probably, on the exterior as internally. Here may have been kept the clocca^ or bell, by which the community was summoned to the
sacred offices. The lodgings or hospitia of the community appear to have been detached huts,87 originally formed of wattles 88 or of wood. 8? Among the
peculiarities regarding St. Columba's manner of living, in his monastic society,
and itbyadoor,wasachamber8* ordetachedcell,calledanexedra,orexedriola,
displaced it.
Attached to the church on one side,
communicating with
Adamnan makes
frequent
mention of the abbot's
or 1 or little house,? hospice,?
hospice,? others,? ^
2 which he
a styles hut,93
or a little
hut,? *
at some distance from the
sat and
8 or
oraccompanied by tvvomonks,
asbuiltwith 6andsituateonaneminence. ? 7 Herethefounder joists,9
one 100 who read to attendant, occasionally
who stood at the door his orders. 102 waiting
with a lock and 10* At key.
a
read,? ? having Here was his bed. 103 The door was
wrote,?
101
for the Book and Chapter, as found in the
him,
the in monastery
whenevera
provided, also, stranger arrived,
ios orhutwas
Iona,
prepared for his sojourn. The guest-house or quarter assigned for visitors seems to have been incapable of receiving many strangers, although much fre-
"
Life of St. Columba. "
is in the Advocates' Library at Edinburgh, and it gives a very interesting account of the ruin then existing.
73 For a better understanding of the site
and the immediate geographical surround-
ings, the reader is invited to compare our
description,withthemodernMapofthat
part of Iona, which presents the features of scription with fine copperplates—of Iona greatest historic interest, in William F. and its Antiquities. See vol. ii. , part i. , pp. Skene's "Celtic Scotland: a History of 276 to 298.
Ancient p. 100. 74 St
Alban,"
vol.
ii. ,
book
ii. , chap, iii. ,
84 See Adamnan's " Life of St. lib. iii. , cap. 19.
Columba,"
Adamnan represents St.
Columba as alluding to the future moral greatness of his monastery,yetspeakingofitinam—aterial
85 The Irish version of Venerable Bede's abstract of Adamnan renders exedra by the termirvoum. SeeteAbharvb|\eac,fol. 69b.
fashion "quamlibet angusto et vili. " of St. Columba," lib. iii. , cap. 23.
"Life
86 See Adamnan's " Life of St.
Columba,"
75 In most of the other Irish monasteries, the vallum was of a circular figure, and it was intended more for the restraint than for the security of the inmates.
76 The Irish term for it is paicce. See
lib. i. , cap. 8, lib. iii. , cap. 23.
87 External authorities call them boch<i,
ii. , cap. 16,
lib.
n.
as the "sacra
and lib.
77 Sec ibid. , lib. ii. , cap. 40, 42. It is also
Latinized, cellae, celluse.
88 See lib. ii. , cap. 3.
89 See lib. ii. . , cap. 45.
90 See lib. iii. , cap. 19, 21. 91 See lib.
i. , cap. 50, cap. 6.
(e), p. 98,
iii. , cap. 23.
92 See lib. iii. , cap. 21, 23.
designated, cap. 19.
iii. ,
lib. domus," iii. ,
93 See lib. iii. , cap. 23.
94 See lib. lib. i. , cap. 25, 35,
78 See ibid. , lib. i. , cap. 44, lib. ii. , cap. 39. 42.
79 See ibid. , lib. iii. , cap. 23.
80
Nearly all the Irish words of ecclesias- tical significance come from Greek or Latin roots. Thus, in the Liber Armacanus, we
and lib. iii. , cap. 15.
95 See lib. iii. , cap. 21.
96 See lib. L, cap. 25.
97 See lib. iii. , cap. 21.
98 See lib. ii. , cap. 16, 29, lib. iii. ,
cap. 15.
99 See lib. ii. , cap. 40.
find 601Lech n-AirrproiTO,
"
100 101
See lib. i. , cap. 25, 43, lib. ii. , cap. 29.
calix offertorii," in the Irish Life of St. Patrick, fol. 8 bb.
See lib. i. , cap. 35.
102 See lib. iii. , cap. 15, 22.
81 See ibid. , and fol. 11 bb.
82 "A Short
Description
of
Iona, 1693,"
103 See lib.
iii. , cap. 23.
hospice
83 Thomas Pennant, in his "Tour in Scotland, and Voyage to the Hebrides, mdcclxii—,"presentsuswithadetailedde-
June 9. ]
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 393
106 quented ;
however, a visitor might be there for several days, without having beenseenbytheabbot. IO? Wheneveramemberofthecommunitydied,his corpse was laid out, and waked in his lodging, as happened in the case of the founder himself. 108
the
of the
or waxed tablets.
and other 00 such as the literary apparatus,'
these were the sacra— volumina,
,0* 109 110 111 1,2
See lib. iii. , cap. 23.
See lib. i. , cap. 23, 24.
See ibid. , cap. 35.
See lib. iii. , cap. 18, 23.
Among these Acts and Lives of saints
a ladle, biberce, or cups, ferramenta, or things made of iron, pugiones, butchers' knifes and cultelli, or table knifes. See
lib. i. , cap. 17, lib. ii. , cap. 29, 33.
preservation 110
books,
tabulae,
Sacred Books o
form of a Bible also, ecclesiastical writings,
112
possibly and even profane authors.
"3
The lt* or graphia styles,
the calami "5 or
— and the cornicula atra- pens,
or fire-place
and the
I2s or
water-pot.
In
very
cold weather the
the hours
kettle,
hydria,
104 See lib. iii. , cap. 18, 21.
106
107 See lib. 2. ibid. , i. , cap.
tory of St. Canice, at Aghaboe, with its mensula, or "little table. " See lib. ii. ,
,t>s See lib. i. , lib. cap. 4,
ii. , cap. 39. See ibid. , lib. ii. , cap. 39.
cap. 13.
, -* 1 Such
were to be found, as also commentaries on
the Sacred Scripture, sermons, and hymns. " 3 See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's " Life of St. Columba," Additional Notes N, n.
(t), pp. 352, 353.
114 See Rev.
