^38 A highly interesting account of their
literary
pursuits is that contained in a work,
— "These goodly tomes are not alone de- voted to dry records of the often wearying details of saintly lives, but, as Mr.
— "These goodly tomes are not alone de- voted to dry records of the often wearying details of saintly lives, but, as Mr.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v1
Scrip-
torumScotorummdciii. Nomenclatura. ^" Opusapcregriniomniumgentium
historiis coUectum, omnia orbis regna pio studio lustrantur, religiosae S. R. E.
familise nobilitantur, historia patriae augetur, Sectarii admonentur, Catholica
Veritas contra hostes Dei et Scotiae firmatur. Justi et parati operis praenun-
"
tia. " ^'3 IV.
Menologium Scotorum : in quo nullus nisi Scotus gente aut
conversatione, quod ex omnium gentium monimentis,'pio studio Dei gloriae, Sanctorum Honori, Patriae Ornamento, colligit, publicat, et inscribat, illustriss. Principi Moecenati suo, D. Maphaeo S. R. E. Card. Barberino, Scotorum Protectori. Opus Ecclesiasticae hierarchiae ac monastica2 vitae dignitati au-
gendae, haeresi in Scotia vigenti confundendae, operose utila. " ^'* V. " Scotorum Scriptorum Nomenclatura, quartum aucta. Sancti dclxxix. Beati lxxxi. Papas v. Cardinales xiv. Patriarchae iv. Reges aut Regum Liberi xlviii. Apostoli Gentium lxiii. Monasteriorum extra Scotiam Fundatores, Archiepiscopi, et Episc. cclviii. Abbates extra Scotiam cxcii. Acedemiarum Fundatores xii. viri domi et tota passim Europa omnium Scientiarum genere illustrissimi. Haeretici. pauculi confutantur. Ex suis Historiarum, lib. xix. excerpsit. " ^'s VI. Finally, his " Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum" in Nineteen Books, was first published at Bologna, a. d.
1627. ''^ It would seem, however, that Dempster's historical ^Tilings were far from being received with favour at Rome. ^'^ This versatile \vriter'** died of fever at Butri, near Bologna, on the 6th of September, 1625, and in
'^ See ibid. , pp. 216 to 221.
"°9 See " Lives of ScoUish Writers," vol.
i. , pp. 363 to 370.
"° This was published at Lyons, A. D,
1620.
"" This was published at Bononia, a. d.
1621, in 4to.
"" Sometimes the "Martyrologium" and
"
the Nomenclatura" are found separately
='3 This was published at Bononia, A. D. 1622, in 4to.
='* This was published at Bononia, A. D. 1622, in 4(0.
'^'a This work was published at Bononia, a. d. 1622, in 4to.
"
of Dempster," prefixed to his edition of the
Britannica," vol. i. , p. 296, a, b, c.
"'See "Irish Ecclesiastical Record,"
vol. vii. . No. Ixxvii. , p. 179.
"" Postfixed to the Edinburgh edition of
his work on Scottish Ecclesiastical History
published. See Dr. David Irving's
Life
Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum," brought out for the Bannatyne Club, at
"
is a biography of Dempster, WTitten by Edinburgh, in two quarto volumes, A. D. Matthew Peregrinus. Colgan frequently
1829. Vol, i. , p. X. exposes Dempster's mistakes.
proved unhappy.
fifty Among these,
2'* •' In 410. See Watts'
Bibliotheca
°'9 See "The Imperial Dictionary of Universal Biography," vol. ii. , p. 66.
*^ Another edition appeared in folio.
A. D. 1677, Isenaci. It is intituled : "No-
vum Lexicon Geographicum, in quo uni-
versiorbis Pro- oppida, Urbes, Regiones,
vincias, Regna, Emporia, Academiae, He- tropoles, Flumina et Maria, antiquis et re- centis Nominibus appellata, suisque dis- tantiis descripta, recensentur. " This is an enlarged edition by Michael Antonius Bau- drand.
"'SeeMoreri's "GrandDictionnaireHis-
torique," tome v. , p. 100.
"" See Ibid. Also, Tiraboschi's "Storia
della Letteratura Italiana," tomo viii. , lib. iii. , cap. i. , p. 287.
"9 This appeared A. D. 1 607.
^3o See Watts' " Bibliotheca Britannica,"
vol. ii. , p. 617, d, e.
**° At Catalavni.
"' It is
" De Statu
intituled,
Hominis,
Veteris simul ac Novae Ecclesiw, et Infide-
lium Conversione. "
='^
There was also published at Paris his work, " De Scotorum Fortitudine, Doctrina et Pietate, ac de Ortu et Progressu Heraesis in Regnis Scotiaj et Anglise," lib. iv. , a. d.
l63i,4to. SeeGraesse's "Tresor deLivres Rares et Precieux," &c. , tome ii. , p. 25.
"^ See Collier's " Great Historical, Geo- graphical, Genealogical and Poetical Die- tionary. " Art. Ferrarius, or Ferrari, (Philip).
"'' In 4to.
==sin 4to. See Watts' " Bibliotheca Britannica," vol. i. , p. 363, u.
INTRODUCTIOK Ixxxvii
his forty-sixth year. ='9 David Camerarius, a Scottish priest, flourished in the beginning of this century, and he too with over zeal sought to claim for his
countrythoseholymen,designatedScoti. Butnothingseemsmoretoshow the mala jides of Camerarius in his classification of so many native-born saints of Ireland with the saints of Scotland, than his suppression of the great St. Columkille's name, at the 9th of June. As an apostle he might well be classed with the Scottish saints, but his nativity was too well known to remove its claim from Ireland. His work, most frequently quoted, was published a. d. 1627^'° in a thin, but closely printed small quarto volume. '^^ Camerarius, however, does not appear to have drawn on his imagination for his statements so much as Dempster did. ^'^
Philippus Alexandrinus FerrariuS, General of the Servite Order, was
born at Ovilio, a small village near Alexandria, in Milanois. ^'^s Among his
learned works be " et
may included, Topographia MartyrologiumRomanum. "
"
Paris, in 1670. ==^
While the previous partial attempts to collect Saints' Acts engaged the
attention of various writers already named, a vast project had been matured
in the mind of Father Heribert Rosweyde, a learned Jesuit and man of
great genius, who was born at Utrecht, in 1569. During his life-time, this
celebrated ecclesiastical antiquary published "Fasti Sanctorum, quorum
Vitge in Belgicis Bibliothecis Manuscriptae asservantur,"^^9 as likewise a History of the Belgic Church. ^30 He it was who first conceived the idea
This was published at Venice, a. d. i6o9. =24 He wrote, also,
Sanctorum Itali^e, &c. , qui in Martyrologio Romano non sunt. " It was published in the same city, a. d. 1625. ^^5 Among the saints connected with Italy by mission, this writer enumerates some of Irish birth. His chef-cTauvre was his " Lexicon Geographicum," in which his other works were included. This was published at Milan, a. d. 1627,"^ the year after his death. ='7 It was afterwards corrected and augmented by Michel-Antoine Baudrand of
Catalogus
Ixxxviii INTRODUCTION.
of that extraordinary and completely scientific plan, for comprising, in an orderly and a critical series, the full biographies of those illustrious Church
heroes and heroines, whose feasts and memories had been celebrated throughout all parts of the Christian world. ^^i His project, formed in the
beginning of the seventeenth century, long engaged Rosweyde's preparatory labours. It was the nucleus from which the great BoUandist collection had
its origin. However, Father Rosweyde died on the 5th of October, a. d.
1629, in the sixtieth year of his age, and fourteen years previous to the
publicationofthefirstgreatfoliovolumeofthe"ActaSanctorum. " This
collection swelled far beyond the limits originally contemplated by its first
designers. Although long continued, and yet in process of publication, it
has not been completed even to the present day. *3" It includes, of course,
the acts of many among our national saints, as furnished to the successive
editors from various sources. For the most part, the old Latin lives are
accompanied by Prolegomina, Dissertations and Notes. ^^a As will be seen,
from an examination of their special Irish biographies, those editors^^^ omit
acts of many among our saints, which have been published by Colgan in
"
his
Acta Sanctorum Hibernise," comprising only saints of the first annual
trimester. This is more remarkable in the BoUandist volumes ; for, their
months of February and March were issued, subsequent to Colgan's publi-
cations. These should have furnished matter and have facilitated research, sofarasthesaintsofourislandareconcerned. SomeofColgan'ssaintly biographies, as given at the first three months of the year, are referred by the earher Bollandists to days differing from dates, set down for their fes- tivals, by our national hagiographist. While much of Colgan's matter has been retained by them, the lives of our Irish saints assume, in a great degree, some character for originality, being preceded either by critical no- tices, or being accompanied by notes and illustrations, differing in substance or arrangement, from those of Colgan. Instances, however, may be dis" covered, where editorial judgment or convenience furnishes only a re- publication. The Bollandists sometimes question Ireland's claim to many of her saints ; while, with regard to others, their opinions in favour of our
*3' He published, before his death, "Vita; Patrum, sive Historiae HeremiticoeLibri X. , ex variis auctoribus in unum congestis et notationibus, ac onomastico indicibusque il- lustratis. " A second edition of this work, enlarged, appeared in folio at Antwerp, A. D. 1628. See Bnmet's " Manuel du Libraire," tomeiv. , col. 1410.
'3«M. Capefigue most correctly says: •'c'estdans les Bollandistes qu'il faut ap-
prendreleMoyenage: cesPlutarquesdela solitude ecrivaient avec foi les miracles qui
p. 39.
»33john Boland, in 1643, published the
first two folio volumes, comprising saints for the month ofJanuary, and his colleagues or successors have since been named Dol« landists.
'34 information respecting their labours
"
will be found in
landistes et leurs Travaux," by Jackanl, archivist of Belgium, 1835. Also, in the "Gentleman's Magazine" for 1865, the author has furnished articles on " The Bol-
landist at in two sue* Library Brussels,"
avaient — le faible de la preserve
du fort. "
vengeance
Sec
"Charlemagne,"
tome
i. ,
cessive
numbers.
Memoires sur les Bol*
^3S Besides these published lives, there are allusions to Irish saints, in a list prefixed to each day of the month. This is headed, " Prsetermissi et in alios dies rejecti. " Such names and acts frequently receive due pro- minence in other pages of this voluminous work.
''s'The "Churchman's Shilling Maga-
wish the work of the Bollandists were con- tinued. Accordingly,thefatherswere,A. D.
1837, installed at the College St. Michael, in Bru ssels, and since that period they have published several folio volumes, all devoted to the month of October.
^38 A highly interesting account of their literary pursuits is that contained in a work,
— "These goodly tomes are not alone de- voted to dry records of the often wearying details of saintly lives, but, as Mr. O'Han-
'
lon remarks,
and historic matter, daily accumulating through the printing of state documents and other serial society papers, have added very considerably to the resources of the modern Bollandists, who most creditably emulate the zeal and learning of their distinguished
'
predecessors.
expressed his appreciation of the value of their labours. "
"
Les
Nouveaux
zine" has the following allusions to it :
Bollandistes. "
vast stores of archaeological
Rapport fait a la Commission Royale d'Histoire, par Mons. P. F. X. de Ram, Rector Magnificus
of Louvain University. Bruxelles, i860, 8vo.
=39 The modem Catalogue of their present
library is comprised in one very large folio volume of 270 numbered folios. But the leaves are filled on both sides. First, the name of the author is given ; then, the title of his work ; the place where the edition was printed ; the year ; the number of vo- lumes ; the size of the volume ; the place where the work is to be found or where quoted ; and lastly, a space left for notes
M. Guizot has in high time
INTRonUCTION.
Ixxxlx
islands pretensions are expressed with hesitancy or doubt. '3S The equivocal meaning of Scotia, which applies both to Ireland and Scotland, occasionally caused them to leave undecided those controversies maintained by writers of either country, when claiming certain saints, whose acts are given in
their great collection. ^36 This supplies, notwithstanding, the lives of many Irish saints, not published by Colgan, nor to be found in any previously is- sued hagiographical work. The BoUandist notes and criticisms are mostly
distinguished for judiciousness of comment, great research, and accuracy of historical information. Yet, it must be observed, some of those writers, who
"
have edited the
Acta Sanctorum," were not profoundly versed in the pro-
fane history of Ireland, and all were totally unacquainted with the Irish
language, in which so many of our holy biographies had been originally
Avritten. The Bollandists are far from having exhausted materials for Lives oftheIrishSaints; for,manyineditedbiographieshavebeenomittedfrom their pages. This being premised, particular remarks must be reserved for those days, at which our national Saints' Lives are written, when commenting on documents and observations, published by those learned members of the Jesuit Society. ^37 Their labours are still continued, at the College of S. Michael, in the city of Bruxelles -p^ and, for purposes of reference, they have one of the most choice, rare, and extensive collections of historical books known to exist. ^39 The fine Burgundian Library, to which
*37 The fifty -fourth folio volume appeared
in 1864. No volume was published from and observations. This volume is desig- 1794 to 1838. Four years before the latter nated " Bibliothecse Bollandianse. " Pars. date a Royal National Commission had Prima. The author had an opportunity of been appointed in Belgium for the publica- inspecting and of making some use of the tion of historic works, and people began to Bollandists' Library, on the occasion of two
\\
work " ex Herbis intituled, Panacea,
quae
a Sanctis denominantur. " It
ap-
INTRODUCTION.
they have ready access, is also sufficiently near when required for consul- tation. ''*''
Nicholas Hugues Menard, a learned and pious Benedictine Maurist, was
bom in Paris, a. d. 1587. He was a celebrated hagiologist, and all his works
display a talent for appropriate research and sound criticism. Among them
his " Sanctum Ordinis S. Benedicti" was pubUshed, a. d. Martyrologicum
He added notes to
lumes. '«» He also edited " Sacramentarium Sancti Gregorii Magni," a. d.
i642. »« He died at St. Germain des Peres, Paris, a. d. 1644. '*+ Bartholo- mew Ambrosini, a physician of considerable eminence, published a curious
1629.
'<'
and this work in two folio vo- appeared
it,
peared at Bononia, a. d. 1630. The author died at Bologna in 1657. ^*5 John
Fronteau, Canon Regular of the Congregation of St. Genevieve, and Chan-
cellor of the of " Kalendarium Romanum. " This
University Paris, published
was taken from an ancient manuscript, and illustrated by a Preface and two
Dissertations on Festival Days and on Saints' Days. It appeared at Paris A. D. 1652. ^46 The author died there A. D. 1662. Father Vincent Baron, a
Benedictine " monk, published
at a. d. Paris,
des
i66o. '47 He died in 1674. Robert Amauld d'Andilli translated " Des Vies
des Saints Perbs des Deserts et de quelques Saints," in three octavo volumes. These appeared in 1668, and again in 1688, at Paris. The author died, how- ever, in 1674. ^-i^ Andrew de Saussay was bom at Paris about a. d. 1595. ^^9
"
This writer became Bishop of Toul, and he published a valuable
Martyr-
his
short visits, during the months of July and August, 1863.
^"Thc fullest information, regarding these world-renowned writers, will be found
"
-'^ See Watts'
'*
Bibliotheca Britannica,*'
Les Bollandistes et I'Hagiographie An-
vol. i. , p. 26, k.
=-»*In 8vo. See Watts' "Bibliotheca
Britannica," vol. i. , p. 389, a, b.
"*' in 4to, See Watts' "Bibliotheca
in
cienne et Modeme. " Par MM. J. Caman- det et J. Fevre. Published in a double co- lumned 4to volume at Lyons and Paris, A. D.
Britannica," vol. i. , p. 77, d. '*^See M. le Dr. Hoefer's
"
Nouvelle Bi-
Paneg>Tiques
Saints,"
ologium Gallicanum," in 1638. It appeared in two folio volumes. 'S" He
died in 1675. F. Gabriel Bucelinus, with other learned works,'S' published
"
Menologium Benedictinum Sanctorum, Beatorum atque illustr. Ejusdem Ordinis Virorum, accesit sacrarium, sive Reliquiarium Benedictinum. Magnus Thesaurus; et annales Benedictini. " This work appeared, Veld-Kirchii, a. d. 1656, in two folio volumes, with a beautifully engraved title. There is a work little known and " vetustius Occidentalis
intituled, Martyrologium
ographie Generale depuis les Temps les plus recules jusq'a nos Jours," tome iii. , p. 282. »« See L' Abbe F. X. de Feller's " Dic- "^ See " Collier's Great Historial, Geo- tionnaire Historique," tome viii. , p. 79.
graphical, Genealogical and Poetical Die- Paris edition, 1818.
tionary," vol. ii. Art. Menardus (Hugo). '5° See Graesse's "Trcsorde Livres Rares
**3in one 4to volume. See Watts' €t Precieux," &c. , tome vi. , p. 277.
" •• Bibliotheca Britannica," vol. ii. p. 664, c. 'S« See L'Abbe F. X. de Feller's Dic-
•• See Moreii's " Grand Dictionnaire His- tionnaire Historique," tome ii. , pp. 372, torique,"tome vii. , p. 432. 273.
1866.
*<' In an octavo volume.
great folio,
Paris, July loth, a. d. 1680. ^54
Udala Dirrhaimer wrote a work
" Currus
Quadrijugus
in 1686, A "
Ecclesise Germanicse
INTRODUCTION.
Ecclesias D. Hieronymo a Cassiodoro, Beda, Walfrido, Notkero aliisque Scriptoribus tributum, quod nuncupandum esse Romanum a Magno Grego- riodescriptum,abAdonelaudatum,"&c. Fr. MariaFlorentiniuscumnotis et exercitationibus integre vulgavit. " This folio volume was published at Lucca, A. D. i668. '52 Soon after this time, Louis Moreri, born in 1643, pub-
" Le Grand Dictionnaire He died at Historique. ^ss
Glorias
called,
Sanctorum, sive Sermones Panegyrici breves de Sanctis," and it was pub-
lished at Augsburg, a. d. i 682. ^55 John de Neercassel was bom at Gorcum, in
1623. During 1663, he became the sole bishop for a population of 500,000 persons scattered over HoUand. ^ss Among other works, he produced a Tract on the worship of the Saints and of the Holy Virgin. ^s? The best Latin edition of his works appeared, in 1684, in two octavo volumes. ^^s Some opinions, attributed to him, savour, however, of Jansenism. 'S9 He died at
lished his
e Bibliotheca Matth. Frid. Beckii ejus additur Commentarius, was published at
Augsburg,^^ A. D. 1687,='^' and its contents are specially interesting.
The Canon Giacomo Certani wrote his Life of St. Brigid, under this Italian title : "La Santita Prodigiosa, Vita di S. Brigida Ibernese," scritta del G. Certani. It appeared at Venice,^^^ a. d. 1677. The same writer
has published the Acts of saints belonging to Bretagne, and among various holy persons, whose memoirs are given, we find some who are honoured by the Irish Church. '^-f
Zwell,
Martyrologium
pervetustum,"
pubHshed a Life of St. Patrick, bearing for its title
Vita del glorioso S. Patrizio Canonico Regolare Lateranense, Apostolo, e Primate dell' Ibernia," descritta dall' Abb : D. Giacomo Certani, Can. Reg. Lat, &c. This work was published at Bologna,2*53 a. d. 1686. The writer filledachairofMoralPhilosophy,intheUniversityofBologna. Lobineau
"5* See Brunei's "Manuel du Libraire,"
tome iii. , pp. 1510, 1511.
*S3The first volume appeared in 1673, ^"^1
sued in an 8vo volume, at Utrecht, A. D. 1675. It was translated into French by L'Abbe Le Roy, and it appeared at Paris,
anew edition issued after his death. It A. D. 1679, in 8vo shape. An edition issued contains many sacred biographies. The at Posen, in 1786.
succeeding editions most esteemed are, that
published A. D. 1718 in 5 folio volumes, that in 1725 in 6 folio volumes, and that in 1732 in 6 folio volumes.
^S'* See L'Abbe F. X. Feller's " Diction-
naire Historique," tome vi. , pp. 426, 427. =55 In folio.
torumScotorummdciii. Nomenclatura. ^" Opusapcregriniomniumgentium
historiis coUectum, omnia orbis regna pio studio lustrantur, religiosae S. R. E.
familise nobilitantur, historia patriae augetur, Sectarii admonentur, Catholica
Veritas contra hostes Dei et Scotiae firmatur. Justi et parati operis praenun-
"
tia. " ^'3 IV.
Menologium Scotorum : in quo nullus nisi Scotus gente aut
conversatione, quod ex omnium gentium monimentis,'pio studio Dei gloriae, Sanctorum Honori, Patriae Ornamento, colligit, publicat, et inscribat, illustriss. Principi Moecenati suo, D. Maphaeo S. R. E. Card. Barberino, Scotorum Protectori. Opus Ecclesiasticae hierarchiae ac monastica2 vitae dignitati au-
gendae, haeresi in Scotia vigenti confundendae, operose utila. " ^'* V. " Scotorum Scriptorum Nomenclatura, quartum aucta. Sancti dclxxix. Beati lxxxi. Papas v. Cardinales xiv. Patriarchae iv. Reges aut Regum Liberi xlviii. Apostoli Gentium lxiii. Monasteriorum extra Scotiam Fundatores, Archiepiscopi, et Episc. cclviii. Abbates extra Scotiam cxcii. Acedemiarum Fundatores xii. viri domi et tota passim Europa omnium Scientiarum genere illustrissimi. Haeretici. pauculi confutantur. Ex suis Historiarum, lib. xix. excerpsit. " ^'s VI. Finally, his " Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum" in Nineteen Books, was first published at Bologna, a. d.
1627. ''^ It would seem, however, that Dempster's historical ^Tilings were far from being received with favour at Rome. ^'^ This versatile \vriter'** died of fever at Butri, near Bologna, on the 6th of September, 1625, and in
'^ See ibid. , pp. 216 to 221.
"°9 See " Lives of ScoUish Writers," vol.
i. , pp. 363 to 370.
"° This was published at Lyons, A. D,
1620.
"" This was published at Bononia, a. d.
1621, in 4to.
"" Sometimes the "Martyrologium" and
"
the Nomenclatura" are found separately
='3 This was published at Bononia, A. D. 1622, in 4to.
='* This was published at Bononia, A. D. 1622, in 4(0.
'^'a This work was published at Bononia, a. d. 1622, in 4to.
"
of Dempster," prefixed to his edition of the
Britannica," vol. i. , p. 296, a, b, c.
"'See "Irish Ecclesiastical Record,"
vol. vii. . No. Ixxvii. , p. 179.
"" Postfixed to the Edinburgh edition of
his work on Scottish Ecclesiastical History
published. See Dr. David Irving's
Life
Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum," brought out for the Bannatyne Club, at
"
is a biography of Dempster, WTitten by Edinburgh, in two quarto volumes, A. D. Matthew Peregrinus. Colgan frequently
1829. Vol, i. , p. X. exposes Dempster's mistakes.
proved unhappy.
fifty Among these,
2'* •' In 410. See Watts'
Bibliotheca
°'9 See "The Imperial Dictionary of Universal Biography," vol. ii. , p. 66.
*^ Another edition appeared in folio.
A. D. 1677, Isenaci. It is intituled : "No-
vum Lexicon Geographicum, in quo uni-
versiorbis Pro- oppida, Urbes, Regiones,
vincias, Regna, Emporia, Academiae, He- tropoles, Flumina et Maria, antiquis et re- centis Nominibus appellata, suisque dis- tantiis descripta, recensentur. " This is an enlarged edition by Michael Antonius Bau- drand.
"'SeeMoreri's "GrandDictionnaireHis-
torique," tome v. , p. 100.
"" See Ibid. Also, Tiraboschi's "Storia
della Letteratura Italiana," tomo viii. , lib. iii. , cap. i. , p. 287.
"9 This appeared A. D. 1 607.
^3o See Watts' " Bibliotheca Britannica,"
vol. ii. , p. 617, d, e.
**° At Catalavni.
"' It is
" De Statu
intituled,
Hominis,
Veteris simul ac Novae Ecclesiw, et Infide-
lium Conversione. "
='^
There was also published at Paris his work, " De Scotorum Fortitudine, Doctrina et Pietate, ac de Ortu et Progressu Heraesis in Regnis Scotiaj et Anglise," lib. iv. , a. d.
l63i,4to. SeeGraesse's "Tresor deLivres Rares et Precieux," &c. , tome ii. , p. 25.
"^ See Collier's " Great Historical, Geo- graphical, Genealogical and Poetical Die- tionary. " Art. Ferrarius, or Ferrari, (Philip).
"'' In 4to.
==sin 4to. See Watts' " Bibliotheca Britannica," vol. i. , p. 363, u.
INTRODUCTIOK Ixxxvii
his forty-sixth year. ='9 David Camerarius, a Scottish priest, flourished in the beginning of this century, and he too with over zeal sought to claim for his
countrythoseholymen,designatedScoti. Butnothingseemsmoretoshow the mala jides of Camerarius in his classification of so many native-born saints of Ireland with the saints of Scotland, than his suppression of the great St. Columkille's name, at the 9th of June. As an apostle he might well be classed with the Scottish saints, but his nativity was too well known to remove its claim from Ireland. His work, most frequently quoted, was published a. d. 1627^'° in a thin, but closely printed small quarto volume. '^^ Camerarius, however, does not appear to have drawn on his imagination for his statements so much as Dempster did. ^'^
Philippus Alexandrinus FerrariuS, General of the Servite Order, was
born at Ovilio, a small village near Alexandria, in Milanois. ^'^s Among his
learned works be " et
may included, Topographia MartyrologiumRomanum. "
"
Paris, in 1670. ==^
While the previous partial attempts to collect Saints' Acts engaged the
attention of various writers already named, a vast project had been matured
in the mind of Father Heribert Rosweyde, a learned Jesuit and man of
great genius, who was born at Utrecht, in 1569. During his life-time, this
celebrated ecclesiastical antiquary published "Fasti Sanctorum, quorum
Vitge in Belgicis Bibliothecis Manuscriptae asservantur,"^^9 as likewise a History of the Belgic Church. ^30 He it was who first conceived the idea
This was published at Venice, a. d. i6o9. =24 He wrote, also,
Sanctorum Itali^e, &c. , qui in Martyrologio Romano non sunt. " It was published in the same city, a. d. 1625. ^^5 Among the saints connected with Italy by mission, this writer enumerates some of Irish birth. His chef-cTauvre was his " Lexicon Geographicum," in which his other works were included. This was published at Milan, a. d. 1627,"^ the year after his death. ='7 It was afterwards corrected and augmented by Michel-Antoine Baudrand of
Catalogus
Ixxxviii INTRODUCTION.
of that extraordinary and completely scientific plan, for comprising, in an orderly and a critical series, the full biographies of those illustrious Church
heroes and heroines, whose feasts and memories had been celebrated throughout all parts of the Christian world. ^^i His project, formed in the
beginning of the seventeenth century, long engaged Rosweyde's preparatory labours. It was the nucleus from which the great BoUandist collection had
its origin. However, Father Rosweyde died on the 5th of October, a. d.
1629, in the sixtieth year of his age, and fourteen years previous to the
publicationofthefirstgreatfoliovolumeofthe"ActaSanctorum. " This
collection swelled far beyond the limits originally contemplated by its first
designers. Although long continued, and yet in process of publication, it
has not been completed even to the present day. *3" It includes, of course,
the acts of many among our national saints, as furnished to the successive
editors from various sources. For the most part, the old Latin lives are
accompanied by Prolegomina, Dissertations and Notes. ^^a As will be seen,
from an examination of their special Irish biographies, those editors^^^ omit
acts of many among our saints, which have been published by Colgan in
"
his
Acta Sanctorum Hibernise," comprising only saints of the first annual
trimester. This is more remarkable in the BoUandist volumes ; for, their
months of February and March were issued, subsequent to Colgan's publi-
cations. These should have furnished matter and have facilitated research, sofarasthesaintsofourislandareconcerned. SomeofColgan'ssaintly biographies, as given at the first three months of the year, are referred by the earher Bollandists to days differing from dates, set down for their fes- tivals, by our national hagiographist. While much of Colgan's matter has been retained by them, the lives of our Irish saints assume, in a great degree, some character for originality, being preceded either by critical no- tices, or being accompanied by notes and illustrations, differing in substance or arrangement, from those of Colgan. Instances, however, may be dis" covered, where editorial judgment or convenience furnishes only a re- publication. The Bollandists sometimes question Ireland's claim to many of her saints ; while, with regard to others, their opinions in favour of our
*3' He published, before his death, "Vita; Patrum, sive Historiae HeremiticoeLibri X. , ex variis auctoribus in unum congestis et notationibus, ac onomastico indicibusque il- lustratis. " A second edition of this work, enlarged, appeared in folio at Antwerp, A. D. 1628. See Bnmet's " Manuel du Libraire," tomeiv. , col. 1410.
'3«M. Capefigue most correctly says: •'c'estdans les Bollandistes qu'il faut ap-
prendreleMoyenage: cesPlutarquesdela solitude ecrivaient avec foi les miracles qui
p. 39.
»33john Boland, in 1643, published the
first two folio volumes, comprising saints for the month ofJanuary, and his colleagues or successors have since been named Dol« landists.
'34 information respecting their labours
"
will be found in
landistes et leurs Travaux," by Jackanl, archivist of Belgium, 1835. Also, in the "Gentleman's Magazine" for 1865, the author has furnished articles on " The Bol-
landist at in two sue* Library Brussels,"
avaient — le faible de la preserve
du fort. "
vengeance
Sec
"Charlemagne,"
tome
i. ,
cessive
numbers.
Memoires sur les Bol*
^3S Besides these published lives, there are allusions to Irish saints, in a list prefixed to each day of the month. This is headed, " Prsetermissi et in alios dies rejecti. " Such names and acts frequently receive due pro- minence in other pages of this voluminous work.
''s'The "Churchman's Shilling Maga-
wish the work of the Bollandists were con- tinued. Accordingly,thefatherswere,A. D.
1837, installed at the College St. Michael, in Bru ssels, and since that period they have published several folio volumes, all devoted to the month of October.
^38 A highly interesting account of their literary pursuits is that contained in a work,
— "These goodly tomes are not alone de- voted to dry records of the often wearying details of saintly lives, but, as Mr. O'Han-
'
lon remarks,
and historic matter, daily accumulating through the printing of state documents and other serial society papers, have added very considerably to the resources of the modern Bollandists, who most creditably emulate the zeal and learning of their distinguished
'
predecessors.
expressed his appreciation of the value of their labours. "
"
Les
Nouveaux
zine" has the following allusions to it :
Bollandistes. "
vast stores of archaeological
Rapport fait a la Commission Royale d'Histoire, par Mons. P. F. X. de Ram, Rector Magnificus
of Louvain University. Bruxelles, i860, 8vo.
=39 The modem Catalogue of their present
library is comprised in one very large folio volume of 270 numbered folios. But the leaves are filled on both sides. First, the name of the author is given ; then, the title of his work ; the place where the edition was printed ; the year ; the number of vo- lumes ; the size of the volume ; the place where the work is to be found or where quoted ; and lastly, a space left for notes
M. Guizot has in high time
INTRonUCTION.
Ixxxlx
islands pretensions are expressed with hesitancy or doubt. '3S The equivocal meaning of Scotia, which applies both to Ireland and Scotland, occasionally caused them to leave undecided those controversies maintained by writers of either country, when claiming certain saints, whose acts are given in
their great collection. ^36 This supplies, notwithstanding, the lives of many Irish saints, not published by Colgan, nor to be found in any previously is- sued hagiographical work. The BoUandist notes and criticisms are mostly
distinguished for judiciousness of comment, great research, and accuracy of historical information. Yet, it must be observed, some of those writers, who
"
have edited the
Acta Sanctorum," were not profoundly versed in the pro-
fane history of Ireland, and all were totally unacquainted with the Irish
language, in which so many of our holy biographies had been originally
Avritten. The Bollandists are far from having exhausted materials for Lives oftheIrishSaints; for,manyineditedbiographieshavebeenomittedfrom their pages. This being premised, particular remarks must be reserved for those days, at which our national Saints' Lives are written, when commenting on documents and observations, published by those learned members of the Jesuit Society. ^37 Their labours are still continued, at the College of S. Michael, in the city of Bruxelles -p^ and, for purposes of reference, they have one of the most choice, rare, and extensive collections of historical books known to exist. ^39 The fine Burgundian Library, to which
*37 The fifty -fourth folio volume appeared
in 1864. No volume was published from and observations. This volume is desig- 1794 to 1838. Four years before the latter nated " Bibliothecse Bollandianse. " Pars. date a Royal National Commission had Prima. The author had an opportunity of been appointed in Belgium for the publica- inspecting and of making some use of the tion of historic works, and people began to Bollandists' Library, on the occasion of two
\\
work " ex Herbis intituled, Panacea,
quae
a Sanctis denominantur. " It
ap-
INTRODUCTION.
they have ready access, is also sufficiently near when required for consul- tation. ''*''
Nicholas Hugues Menard, a learned and pious Benedictine Maurist, was
bom in Paris, a. d. 1587. He was a celebrated hagiologist, and all his works
display a talent for appropriate research and sound criticism. Among them
his " Sanctum Ordinis S. Benedicti" was pubUshed, a. d. Martyrologicum
He added notes to
lumes. '«» He also edited " Sacramentarium Sancti Gregorii Magni," a. d.
i642. »« He died at St. Germain des Peres, Paris, a. d. 1644. '*+ Bartholo- mew Ambrosini, a physician of considerable eminence, published a curious
1629.
'<'
and this work in two folio vo- appeared
it,
peared at Bononia, a. d. 1630. The author died at Bologna in 1657. ^*5 John
Fronteau, Canon Regular of the Congregation of St. Genevieve, and Chan-
cellor of the of " Kalendarium Romanum. " This
University Paris, published
was taken from an ancient manuscript, and illustrated by a Preface and two
Dissertations on Festival Days and on Saints' Days. It appeared at Paris A. D. 1652. ^46 The author died there A. D. 1662. Father Vincent Baron, a
Benedictine " monk, published
at a. d. Paris,
des
i66o. '47 He died in 1674. Robert Amauld d'Andilli translated " Des Vies
des Saints Perbs des Deserts et de quelques Saints," in three octavo volumes. These appeared in 1668, and again in 1688, at Paris. The author died, how- ever, in 1674. ^-i^ Andrew de Saussay was bom at Paris about a. d. 1595. ^^9
"
This writer became Bishop of Toul, and he published a valuable
Martyr-
his
short visits, during the months of July and August, 1863.
^"Thc fullest information, regarding these world-renowned writers, will be found
"
-'^ See Watts'
'*
Bibliotheca Britannica,*'
Les Bollandistes et I'Hagiographie An-
vol. i. , p. 26, k.
=-»*In 8vo. See Watts' "Bibliotheca
Britannica," vol. i. , p. 389, a, b.
"*' in 4to, See Watts' "Bibliotheca
in
cienne et Modeme. " Par MM. J. Caman- det et J. Fevre. Published in a double co- lumned 4to volume at Lyons and Paris, A. D.
Britannica," vol. i. , p. 77, d. '*^See M. le Dr. Hoefer's
"
Nouvelle Bi-
Paneg>Tiques
Saints,"
ologium Gallicanum," in 1638. It appeared in two folio volumes. 'S" He
died in 1675. F. Gabriel Bucelinus, with other learned works,'S' published
"
Menologium Benedictinum Sanctorum, Beatorum atque illustr. Ejusdem Ordinis Virorum, accesit sacrarium, sive Reliquiarium Benedictinum. Magnus Thesaurus; et annales Benedictini. " This work appeared, Veld-Kirchii, a. d. 1656, in two folio volumes, with a beautifully engraved title. There is a work little known and " vetustius Occidentalis
intituled, Martyrologium
ographie Generale depuis les Temps les plus recules jusq'a nos Jours," tome iii. , p. 282. »« See L' Abbe F. X. de Feller's " Dic- "^ See " Collier's Great Historial, Geo- tionnaire Historique," tome viii. , p. 79.
graphical, Genealogical and Poetical Die- Paris edition, 1818.
tionary," vol. ii. Art. Menardus (Hugo). '5° See Graesse's "Trcsorde Livres Rares
**3in one 4to volume. See Watts' €t Precieux," &c. , tome vi. , p. 277.
" •• Bibliotheca Britannica," vol. ii. p. 664, c. 'S« See L'Abbe F. X. de Feller's Dic-
•• See Moreii's " Grand Dictionnaire His- tionnaire Historique," tome ii. , pp. 372, torique,"tome vii. , p. 432. 273.
1866.
*<' In an octavo volume.
great folio,
Paris, July loth, a. d. 1680. ^54
Udala Dirrhaimer wrote a work
" Currus
Quadrijugus
in 1686, A "
Ecclesise Germanicse
INTRODUCTION.
Ecclesias D. Hieronymo a Cassiodoro, Beda, Walfrido, Notkero aliisque Scriptoribus tributum, quod nuncupandum esse Romanum a Magno Grego- riodescriptum,abAdonelaudatum,"&c. Fr. MariaFlorentiniuscumnotis et exercitationibus integre vulgavit. " This folio volume was published at Lucca, A. D. i668. '52 Soon after this time, Louis Moreri, born in 1643, pub-
" Le Grand Dictionnaire He died at Historique. ^ss
Glorias
called,
Sanctorum, sive Sermones Panegyrici breves de Sanctis," and it was pub-
lished at Augsburg, a. d. i 682. ^55 John de Neercassel was bom at Gorcum, in
1623. During 1663, he became the sole bishop for a population of 500,000 persons scattered over HoUand. ^ss Among other works, he produced a Tract on the worship of the Saints and of the Holy Virgin. ^s? The best Latin edition of his works appeared, in 1684, in two octavo volumes. ^^s Some opinions, attributed to him, savour, however, of Jansenism. 'S9 He died at
lished his
e Bibliotheca Matth. Frid. Beckii ejus additur Commentarius, was published at
Augsburg,^^ A. D. 1687,='^' and its contents are specially interesting.
The Canon Giacomo Certani wrote his Life of St. Brigid, under this Italian title : "La Santita Prodigiosa, Vita di S. Brigida Ibernese," scritta del G. Certani. It appeared at Venice,^^^ a. d. 1677. The same writer
has published the Acts of saints belonging to Bretagne, and among various holy persons, whose memoirs are given, we find some who are honoured by the Irish Church. '^-f
Zwell,
Martyrologium
pervetustum,"
pubHshed a Life of St. Patrick, bearing for its title
Vita del glorioso S. Patrizio Canonico Regolare Lateranense, Apostolo, e Primate dell' Ibernia," descritta dall' Abb : D. Giacomo Certani, Can. Reg. Lat, &c. This work was published at Bologna,2*53 a. d. 1686. The writer filledachairofMoralPhilosophy,intheUniversityofBologna. Lobineau
"5* See Brunei's "Manuel du Libraire,"
tome iii. , pp. 1510, 1511.
*S3The first volume appeared in 1673, ^"^1
sued in an 8vo volume, at Utrecht, A. D. 1675. It was translated into French by L'Abbe Le Roy, and it appeared at Paris,
anew edition issued after his death. It A. D. 1679, in 8vo shape. An edition issued contains many sacred biographies. The at Posen, in 1786.
succeeding editions most esteemed are, that
published A. D. 1718 in 5 folio volumes, that in 1725 in 6 folio volumes, and that in 1732 in 6 folio volumes.
^S'* See L'Abbe F. X. Feller's " Diction-
naire Historique," tome vi. , pp. 426, 427. =55 In folio.
