The history which
Labienus
wrote (i.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
57–62, viii.
23, 24, 25, 45, 52 ; Dion Cass.
presence of the assembled troops.
In the council
xl. 38, 43. )
of war held before the fatal battle of Pharsalia, he
But Caesar's confidence was misplaced. The expressed the utmost contempt for Caesar's army,
great success which Labienus had gained under and thus contributed his share to increase that
Caesar, and which was rather due to Caesar's false confidence, which was one of the main causes
genius than to his own abilities, had greatly elated of the disastrous issue of the battle. (Caes. B. C.
his little mind, and made him fancy himself the iii. 13, 19, 71, 87. )
equal of his great general, whom he was no longer After the defeat at Pharsalia Labienus fled to
disposed to obey as heretofore. (Comp. Dion Cass. Dyrrhachium, where he found Cicero, and informed
xli. 4. ) Such conduct naturally caused Caesar to him of the news (Cic. de Div. i. 32), but at the
treat him with coolness; and the Pompeian party same time, to give some courage to his party, pre-
eagerly availed themselves of this opportunity to tended that Caesar had received a severe wound in
gain him over to their side. They entered into the engagement. (Frontin. Strat. ii. 7. § 13. )
negotiations with him in this year, while he was From Dyrrhachium Labienus repaired with Afranius
in Cisalpine Gaul, and their efforts were successful, to Corcyra, in order to join Caio ; and from thence
notwithstanding the large fortune which had been he proceeded to Cyrene (Plut. Cat. Min. 56),
bestowed upon him by Caesar (comp. Cic. ad Att. which refused to receive him, and finally he joined
vii. 7), and the other numerous marks of favour the scattered remnants of the Pompeian party in
which he had received at his hands. Accordingly, Africa. Here Scipio and Cato, two of the most
on the breaking out of the civil war in B. C. 49, celebrated leaders of the Pompeians, collected a
Labienus took an early opportunity to desert his considerable army. Labienus bad at first the
old friend and captain. The news of his defection command of an army near Ruspina, where he
was received at Rome with transport ; and Cicero fought against Caesar, in B. c. 46, at first with some
speaks of it again and again in terms of the greatest success, but was at length repulsed. Soon after
exultation. “I look upon Labienus as a hero,” he this battle Labienus united his forces with those of
writes to Atticus ; " that great man Labienus," he Scipio, under whom he served as legate during the
calls him in another letter, and speaks of the rest of the campaign. (Dion Cass. xlii. 10, xliii.
tremendous blow” (maxima plaga) which Caesar 2 ; Appian, B. C. ii. 95 ; Hirt. B. Afr. 15-19,
had received from the desertion of his chief officer. &c. )
But this “ hero" was destined to disappoint When the battle of Thapsus placed the whole of
grievously his new friends. He brought no ac- Africa in Caesar's power, Labienus fled into Spain
cession of strength to their cause ; he had not with the surviving relics of his party, in order to
sufficient influence with Caesar's veterans to induce continue the war there in conjunction with Cn.
them to forsake the general whom they idolised ; Pompey. At the battle of Munda, which was
eren the town of Cingulum, on which he had spent fought in the following year, B. C. 45, Labienus
60 much money, was one of the first to open its was destined once more to oppose his old com-
gates to Caesar (Caes. B. C. i. 15); and in war mander, and by a strange fatality to give the
his talents seem to have been rather those of an death-blow to the very party that had welcomed
officer than of a commander ; he was more fitted him with so much joy. The battle was undecided,
to execute the orders of another than to devise a and would probably have remained so, had not
plan of action for himself. In a few weeks' time Labienus quitted his ranks, to prevent Bogud,
we find Cicero speaking of him in very altered king of Mauritania, from capturing the Pompeian
language, and expressing a desire for the arrival of camp. The Pompeian troops, thinking that La-
Afranins and Petreius, as little was to be expec! ed bienus had taken to flight, lost their courage,
from Labienus. (In Labieno parum est dignitatis, wavered, and fled. Labienus himself fell in the
Cic. ad Att. viii. 2. $ 3; comp. Cic. ad Att. vii. I battle, and his head was brought to Caesar. The
1
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698
LABIENUS.
LABIENUS.
1
general character of Labienus has been sufficiently These successes at length roused Antony from
shown by the above sketch: he seems to have his inactivity. He sent an army into Asia Minor
been a vain, haughty, headstrong man; nothing in B. C. 39, commanded by P. Ventidius, the most
is recorded of him which exhibits him in a favour- able of bis legates, who suddenly came upon La-
able light; and with the exception of his military bienus before the latter had received any intelli-
abilities, which were not, however, of the highest gence of his approach. Not having any of his
order, he possessed nothing to distinguish him Parthian allies with him, he dared not meet Ven-
from the general mass of the Roman nobles of his tidius in the field, and, accordingly, fled with the
time. (Dion Cass. xliii. 30, 38 ; Flor. iv. 2 ; utmost haste towards Syria, to effect a junction
Appian, B. C. ii. 105 ; Auctor, B. Ilisp. 18, 31. )
with Pacorus. This, however, was prevented by
3. Q. Labienus, the son of the preceding, the mpid pursuit of Ventidius, who came up with
joined the party of Brutus and Cassius after the him by Mount Taurus, and stopped him from ad-
murder of Caesar (B. C. 44), and was sent by them vancing further. Here both parties remained for
into Parthia to seek nid from Orodes, the Parthian some days, Ventidius waiting for his heavy-armed
king. [ARSACES XIV. ) Here he remained for a troops, and Labienus the arrival of the Parthians.
considerable time, and before he could obtain any | The latter marched to his assistance, but were
definite answer from Orodcs, the news came of the defeated by Ventidius before they joined Labienus,
battle of Philippi (B. C. 42). Seeing that the whom they then deserted, and fled into Cilicia. In
triumvirs were resolved to spare none of their op- these circumstances Labienus, not daring to engage
ponents, Labienus made up his mind to continue with Ventidius, abandoned his men, and fled in
in Parthia ; but circumstances soon occurred which disguise into Cilicia. Here he remained concealed
enabled him to take revenge upon the victorious for some time, but was at length apprehended by
party. The attention of Octavian was fully en- Demetrius, a freedman of Octavian, and put to
ginged by the affairs of Italy and the war against death. It would appear, from a statement of
Sex. Pompey ; and Antony, to whom the govern- Strabo (xiv. p. 600), that this Labienus possessed
ment of the East had devolved, had retired to the same arrogance and vehemence of temper
Egypt, captivated by the charms of Cleopatra, and which distinguished his father. (Dion Cass. xlviii.
careless about every thing else. Labienus per- 24–26, 39, 40; Liv. Epit. cxxvii. ; Flor. iv. 9 ;
buaded Orodes to embrace this favourable oppor- Vell. Pat. ii. 78 ; Plut. Ant. 30, 33; Appiau,
tunity for the invasion of the Roman provinces B. C. v. 65, 133; Justin, xlii. 4. ) The coin an-
in Asia; and accordingly the Parthian king en-nexed has on the obverse the head of Labienus,
trusted to him and Pacorus a large army for the with the legend & LABIENVS PARTHICVS IMP. , and
purpose. They crossed the Euphrates, and in on the reverse a horse, which refers clearly to the
vaded Syria, in B. C. 40. At first they were celebrated cavalry of the Parthians. (Eckhel, vol.
repulsed from the walls of Apameia ; but as al. v. p. 146. )
most all the fortified places were garrisoned by the
old soldiers of Brutus and Cassius, who had joined
the army of the triumvirs after the victory of the
latter, Labienus and Pacorus met with little resist-
Most of these troops joined their banners ;
but their commander, Decidius Saxa, continued
firm in his allegiance to Antony. He was, how-
coroooo
ever, easily overcome in battle ; and as the fruit of
COIN OP Q. LABIENUS.
this victory, Labienus and the Parthians obtained
possession of the two great towns of Antioch and 4. LABIEVUS was one of those included in the
A pameia, While Pacorus remained with the proscription of the trinmvirs in B. C. 43, but we
Parthians in Syria, to complete the subjugation of know not whether he was in any way connected
the country, advancing for that object as far south with the other persons of this name. It is related
as Palestine, Labienus, with the Roman troops he of him that he had taken an active part in ap-
had collected, entered Asia Minor in pursuit of prehending and killing those who had been pro
Saxa, whom he overtook and slew in Cilicia, and scribed by Sulla ; and deeming it disgraceful not
then proceeded along the south of Asia Minor, to meet a similar fate with courage, he seated him-
receiving the submission of almost all the cities in self in front of his house, and quietly waited for
his way. The only resistance he experienced was the assassins. (Appian, B. C. iv. 26. ) Whether
from Alabanda, Mylasa, and Stratoniceia ; the two this Labienus is the same as the one whose place
former of which he took by force [compare Hy- of concealment his freedmen could be induced by
BREAS], while the latter successfully resisted all his no tortures to reveal (Macrob. Saturn, i. 11), is
efforts. " Hereupon he assumed the name of Par- doubtful : the account of Appian would imply that
thian imperator, a title which we also find upon they were two different persons, as the former did
his coins, as is mentioned below. In adopting this not seek to conceal himself.
title, Dion Cassius remarks (xlviii. 26), Labienus 5. T. LABIENUS, & celebrated orator and his-
departed from the custom of all Roman command-torian in the reign of Augustus, appears to have
ers, who were wont to take such titles from the been either the son or grandson of the Labienus
names of the people whom they conquered, of who deserted Julius Caesar. (No. 3. ) He retained
which we have examples in Scipio Africanus, Ser- all the republican feelings of his family, and, unlike
vilius Isauricus, Fabius Allobrogicus, and the like, most of his contemporaries, never became reconciled
while Labienus, on the contrary, assumed his from to the imperial government, but took every op-
the victorious nation. It was in reference to this portunity to attack Augustus and his friends. In
that Hybreas, when he was defending Mylasus, consequence of his bitterness he received the nick-
sent Labienus the taunting message that he would name of Rabienus from the imperial party. He
call himself the Carian imperator.
was an intimate friend of Cassius Severus, and an
ance.
PROCOOCOOMOCNO
00000
:
## p. 699 (#715) ############################################
LABRANDEUS.
699
LACHARES.
enemy of Asinius Pollio, whom he branded in one had at Labranda. (Herod. v. 119; Strab. xiv.
of his orations as the cusnar or parasite of Augus p. 659 ; Plut. Quest. Gr. 46. ) (L. S. )
Lus. He is represented by the elder Seneca as LABYNETUS (Aafúvntos), a name common
very poor, of an infamous character, and universally to several of the Babylonian monarchs. It seems
hated; but his oratorical talents must have been to have been a title rather than a proper name. А
very great, as Seneca justly remarks, to have ob- Labynetus is mentioned by Herodotus (i. 74) as
tained under these circumstances the remarkable mediating, in conjunction with a prince of Cilicia,
reputation which he enjoyed as an orator. In his a peace between Cyaxares and Alyattcs. From
speeches he adopted a style of oratory which par- the chronology, it is clear that this Labynetus
took of the leading characteristics both of the an- must have been identical with Nebuchadnezzar.
cient and modern schools, so that each party could Another Labynetus is mentioned by Herodotus
claim him.
The history which Labienus wrote (i. 77) as a contemporary of Cyrus and Croesus,
was apparently one of his own times ; since the with the latter of whom he was in alliance. This
elder Seneca relates, that when he heard him on Labynetus is the same with the Belshazzar of the
one occasion reading his history, he passed over a prophet Daniel. By other writers he is called Na-
great part, remarking that it could only be read after bonadius or Nabonidus. He was the last king
his death ; but if the work had related merely to of Babylon. (CrRus. ) The mode in which the
past times, he probably would not have feared to have city was captured by Cyrus is described by Hero-
read it. Labienus seems never to have been en-dotus, i. 188.
(C. P. M. )
gaged in any plots against Augustus ; but his LACEDAEMON (Aakedaluwv), a son of Zcus
enemies at length revenged themselves upon him, by Taygete, was married to Spartan
, the daughter of
by obtaining a decree of the senate that all his Eurotas, by whom he became the father of Amyclas,
writings should be burnt. This indignity affected Eurydice, and Asine. He was king of the country
Labienus so much, that, resolving not to survive which he called after his own name, Lacedaemon,
the productions of his genius, he shut himself up while he gave to his capital the name of his wife,
in the tombs of his ancestors, and thus perished. Sparta. (Apollod. iii. 10. $ 3; Paus. iii. 1. & 2,
His death probably took place in a. D. 12, as Dion &c. ; Steph. Byz. 8. v. 'Aoinn. ) He was believed
Cassius relates (lvi. 27) that several libellous works to have built the sanctuary of the Charites, which
were burnt in that year. Caligula allowed the stood between Sparta and Amyclae, and to have
writings of Labienus, as well as those of Cremutius given to those divinities the names of Cleta and
Cordus and Cassius Severus, which had shared the Phaënna. (Paus. iii. 18. § 4. ) An heroum was
same fate, to be again collected and read. (Senec. erected to him in the neighbourhood of Therapne.
Controv. v. pp. 328–330, ed. Bipont. ; Suet. Cal. (Paus. iii. 20. $ 2. )
[L. S. ]
16. )
LACEDAEMONIUS (Aakedalubvios), son of
Te find mention of only three orations of La-Cimon, so named by his father in honour of the
bienus:-1. An oration for Figulus against the Lacedaemonians, had for his mother, according to
heirs of Urbinia: the cause of the latter was Stesimbrotus, an Arcadian ; according to Diodorus
pleaded by C. Asinius Pollio. (Quintil
. iv. 1. $ Periegetes, Isodice, daughter of Euryptolemus, son
il; Tac. de Orat. 38. ) 2. An oration against of Megacles. He was joint commander of the ten
Pollio, which may, however, be the same as the ships which the Athenians, after making alliance
preceding, and which was ascribed by some to with the Corcyreans, despatched to assist them, B. C.
Cornelius Gallus. (Quintil. i. 5. Ø 8. ) 3. An 432. Plutarch has what seems a foolish story,
oration against Bathyllus, the freedman of Maece that this appointment to a quite inadequate
nas, who was defended by Gallio. (Senec. Controv. squadron was a piece of political spite on the part
v. p. 330. )
of Pericles; and that the reinforcement which
(De Chambort, Dissert. sur T. Labienus, in the quickly followed was only sent in consequence of
Mém. de l'Acad. des Inscript. vol. x. pp. 98—110 ; general complaints. (Plut. Cim. 16, Per. 29 ;
Meyer, Orator. Rom. Fragmenta, pp. 528–531, | Thuc, i. 45. )
(A. H. C. ]
2nd ed. ; Westermann, Gesch, der Römischen Be LACEʻDAS (Aakýðas), or, as Herodotus (vi.
redtsamkeit, $ 73, n. 3 ; Weichert, de Cussio Par- 127) calls him, Leocedes, a king of Argos, and
mensi, pp. 319–324 ; comp. Bentley, ad Hor. father of Melas, is reckoned to have been a de-
Serm. i. 3. 82, who proposes to read Labieno in- scendant of Medon in the fifth generation. (Paus.
stead of Labeone in that passage. )
i. 19. & 2. ) Another person of the same name is
LABOʻTAS (Aabúras, Paus. ), fourth king of Lacedas, the son of Pheidon. Some writers not
Sparta in the line of Agis, has nothing recorded of only identify the two, but try to prove that the
his reign except that he saw the commencement of Lacydas mentioned by Plutarch (De Cap. ex inim.
the Spartan quarrel with Argos. (Paus. iii. 2. util. 89. ) is likewise the same person. (Comp.
§ 3. ) Herodotus says that Lycurgus was his uncle Wyttenbach, ad Plut. l. C. ; Schubart and Waiz
and guardian. The other account, which names the ad Paus. l. c. )
(LS. ),
Proclid Charilaus as the name of the young king, LACER, Ć. JUʻLIUS, an architect in the time
is so generally stated by ancient writers (CHARI- of Trajan. His name is preserved in an inscription
LAUS), that, although Pausanias read the passage in on a bridge which he built over the Tagus at Al-
Herodotus as it now stands, Wesseling and Clinton cantara. (Gruter, p. 162. )
[P. S. ]
approve the correction, επιτροπεύοντα αδελφι- C. LACERIUS, tribune of the plebs, B. C. 401,
δέον μέν έωυτού, βασιλεύοντος δε Σπαρτιητέων | was elected by the other tribunes (by cooptatio)
AEwBÁTEW. (Herod. i. 65. ) A similar difficulty at-through the influence of the patricians, who were
taches to the name, which Pausanias says Herodotus anxious to set aside the Lex Trebonia. (Liv. v.
spelt Aewbórns; whereas our MSS. , it seems, have 10. )
only Λεωβώτεω and Λεωβάτεω. (A. H. C. ] LA'CHARES (Aaxápns), an Athenian, was
LABRANDEUS (na pavdeus), a surname of one of the most influential demagogues in his native
Zeus Stratius, which he derived from a temple he city, after the democracy bad been re-established
## p. 700 (#716) ############################################
700
LACHARES.
LACINIUS.
காரைப்பாயம்
by Demetrius Poliorcetes. He was afterwards se- nanie of Cornutus being known. 4. 'Ex oral
cretly gained over by Cassander, who incited him intopikal kard Otoixelov, i. e. select passages from
to aim at the acquisition of the tyranny, hoping to the Greek orators in alphabetical order. (L. S. )
be able through his means to rule Athens. (Paus. LACHES (Adxns), an Athenian, son of Mela-
i. 25. $ 7. ) He does not seem, however, to have nopus, was joined with Charoeades in the command
been able to effect this purpose until Athens was of the first expedition sent by the Athenians to
besieged by Demetrius (B. Ć. 296), when he took Sicily, in B. C. 427. His colleague was soon after
advantage of the excitement of the popular mind to slain in battle, and Laches, being left sole general,
expel Demochares, the leader of the opposite party, took Messina, and gained some slight advantages
and establish himself as undisputed master of the over the Epizephyrian Locrians. In B. C. 426 he
city. We know but little either of the intrigues was superseded by Pythodorus, with whom So-
by which he raised himself to power or of his pro- phocles and Eurymedon were shortly joined, and
ceedings afterwards ; but he is described in general was recalled, apparently to stand his trial on a
terins by Pausanias, as “ of all tyrants the most charge of peculation in his cominand, brought
inhuman towards men, and the most sacrilegious against him by Cleon. (Thuc. iii. 86, 88, 90, 99, 103,
towards the gods. " He plundered the temples, 115, vi. 1, 6, 75; Just. iv. 3 ; Arist. Vesp. 240,
and expecially the Parthenon, of all their most 836, 895, 903, 937 ; Dem. C. Tim. § 145 ; Schol.
valuable treasures, stripping even the statue of ad Arist. Vesp. 240, 836. ) The Scholiast thinks
Athena of her sacred ornaments.
xl. 38, 43. )
of war held before the fatal battle of Pharsalia, he
But Caesar's confidence was misplaced. The expressed the utmost contempt for Caesar's army,
great success which Labienus had gained under and thus contributed his share to increase that
Caesar, and which was rather due to Caesar's false confidence, which was one of the main causes
genius than to his own abilities, had greatly elated of the disastrous issue of the battle. (Caes. B. C.
his little mind, and made him fancy himself the iii. 13, 19, 71, 87. )
equal of his great general, whom he was no longer After the defeat at Pharsalia Labienus fled to
disposed to obey as heretofore. (Comp. Dion Cass. Dyrrhachium, where he found Cicero, and informed
xli. 4. ) Such conduct naturally caused Caesar to him of the news (Cic. de Div. i. 32), but at the
treat him with coolness; and the Pompeian party same time, to give some courage to his party, pre-
eagerly availed themselves of this opportunity to tended that Caesar had received a severe wound in
gain him over to their side. They entered into the engagement. (Frontin. Strat. ii. 7. § 13. )
negotiations with him in this year, while he was From Dyrrhachium Labienus repaired with Afranius
in Cisalpine Gaul, and their efforts were successful, to Corcyra, in order to join Caio ; and from thence
notwithstanding the large fortune which had been he proceeded to Cyrene (Plut. Cat. Min. 56),
bestowed upon him by Caesar (comp. Cic. ad Att. which refused to receive him, and finally he joined
vii. 7), and the other numerous marks of favour the scattered remnants of the Pompeian party in
which he had received at his hands. Accordingly, Africa. Here Scipio and Cato, two of the most
on the breaking out of the civil war in B. C. 49, celebrated leaders of the Pompeians, collected a
Labienus took an early opportunity to desert his considerable army. Labienus bad at first the
old friend and captain. The news of his defection command of an army near Ruspina, where he
was received at Rome with transport ; and Cicero fought against Caesar, in B. c. 46, at first with some
speaks of it again and again in terms of the greatest success, but was at length repulsed. Soon after
exultation. “I look upon Labienus as a hero,” he this battle Labienus united his forces with those of
writes to Atticus ; " that great man Labienus," he Scipio, under whom he served as legate during the
calls him in another letter, and speaks of the rest of the campaign. (Dion Cass. xlii. 10, xliii.
tremendous blow” (maxima plaga) which Caesar 2 ; Appian, B. C. ii. 95 ; Hirt. B. Afr. 15-19,
had received from the desertion of his chief officer. &c. )
But this “ hero" was destined to disappoint When the battle of Thapsus placed the whole of
grievously his new friends. He brought no ac- Africa in Caesar's power, Labienus fled into Spain
cession of strength to their cause ; he had not with the surviving relics of his party, in order to
sufficient influence with Caesar's veterans to induce continue the war there in conjunction with Cn.
them to forsake the general whom they idolised ; Pompey. At the battle of Munda, which was
eren the town of Cingulum, on which he had spent fought in the following year, B. C. 45, Labienus
60 much money, was one of the first to open its was destined once more to oppose his old com-
gates to Caesar (Caes. B. C. i. 15); and in war mander, and by a strange fatality to give the
his talents seem to have been rather those of an death-blow to the very party that had welcomed
officer than of a commander ; he was more fitted him with so much joy. The battle was undecided,
to execute the orders of another than to devise a and would probably have remained so, had not
plan of action for himself. In a few weeks' time Labienus quitted his ranks, to prevent Bogud,
we find Cicero speaking of him in very altered king of Mauritania, from capturing the Pompeian
language, and expressing a desire for the arrival of camp. The Pompeian troops, thinking that La-
Afranins and Petreius, as little was to be expec! ed bienus had taken to flight, lost their courage,
from Labienus. (In Labieno parum est dignitatis, wavered, and fled. Labienus himself fell in the
Cic. ad Att. viii. 2. $ 3; comp. Cic. ad Att. vii. I battle, and his head was brought to Caesar. The
1
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698
LABIENUS.
LABIENUS.
1
general character of Labienus has been sufficiently These successes at length roused Antony from
shown by the above sketch: he seems to have his inactivity. He sent an army into Asia Minor
been a vain, haughty, headstrong man; nothing in B. C. 39, commanded by P. Ventidius, the most
is recorded of him which exhibits him in a favour- able of bis legates, who suddenly came upon La-
able light; and with the exception of his military bienus before the latter had received any intelli-
abilities, which were not, however, of the highest gence of his approach. Not having any of his
order, he possessed nothing to distinguish him Parthian allies with him, he dared not meet Ven-
from the general mass of the Roman nobles of his tidius in the field, and, accordingly, fled with the
time. (Dion Cass. xliii. 30, 38 ; Flor. iv. 2 ; utmost haste towards Syria, to effect a junction
Appian, B. C. ii. 105 ; Auctor, B. Ilisp. 18, 31. )
with Pacorus. This, however, was prevented by
3. Q. Labienus, the son of the preceding, the mpid pursuit of Ventidius, who came up with
joined the party of Brutus and Cassius after the him by Mount Taurus, and stopped him from ad-
murder of Caesar (B. C. 44), and was sent by them vancing further. Here both parties remained for
into Parthia to seek nid from Orodes, the Parthian some days, Ventidius waiting for his heavy-armed
king. [ARSACES XIV. ) Here he remained for a troops, and Labienus the arrival of the Parthians.
considerable time, and before he could obtain any | The latter marched to his assistance, but were
definite answer from Orodcs, the news came of the defeated by Ventidius before they joined Labienus,
battle of Philippi (B. C. 42). Seeing that the whom they then deserted, and fled into Cilicia. In
triumvirs were resolved to spare none of their op- these circumstances Labienus, not daring to engage
ponents, Labienus made up his mind to continue with Ventidius, abandoned his men, and fled in
in Parthia ; but circumstances soon occurred which disguise into Cilicia. Here he remained concealed
enabled him to take revenge upon the victorious for some time, but was at length apprehended by
party. The attention of Octavian was fully en- Demetrius, a freedman of Octavian, and put to
ginged by the affairs of Italy and the war against death. It would appear, from a statement of
Sex. Pompey ; and Antony, to whom the govern- Strabo (xiv. p. 600), that this Labienus possessed
ment of the East had devolved, had retired to the same arrogance and vehemence of temper
Egypt, captivated by the charms of Cleopatra, and which distinguished his father. (Dion Cass. xlviii.
careless about every thing else. Labienus per- 24–26, 39, 40; Liv. Epit. cxxvii. ; Flor. iv. 9 ;
buaded Orodes to embrace this favourable oppor- Vell. Pat. ii. 78 ; Plut. Ant. 30, 33; Appiau,
tunity for the invasion of the Roman provinces B. C. v. 65, 133; Justin, xlii. 4. ) The coin an-
in Asia; and accordingly the Parthian king en-nexed has on the obverse the head of Labienus,
trusted to him and Pacorus a large army for the with the legend & LABIENVS PARTHICVS IMP. , and
purpose. They crossed the Euphrates, and in on the reverse a horse, which refers clearly to the
vaded Syria, in B. C. 40. At first they were celebrated cavalry of the Parthians. (Eckhel, vol.
repulsed from the walls of Apameia ; but as al. v. p. 146. )
most all the fortified places were garrisoned by the
old soldiers of Brutus and Cassius, who had joined
the army of the triumvirs after the victory of the
latter, Labienus and Pacorus met with little resist-
Most of these troops joined their banners ;
but their commander, Decidius Saxa, continued
firm in his allegiance to Antony. He was, how-
coroooo
ever, easily overcome in battle ; and as the fruit of
COIN OP Q. LABIENUS.
this victory, Labienus and the Parthians obtained
possession of the two great towns of Antioch and 4. LABIEVUS was one of those included in the
A pameia, While Pacorus remained with the proscription of the trinmvirs in B. C. 43, but we
Parthians in Syria, to complete the subjugation of know not whether he was in any way connected
the country, advancing for that object as far south with the other persons of this name. It is related
as Palestine, Labienus, with the Roman troops he of him that he had taken an active part in ap-
had collected, entered Asia Minor in pursuit of prehending and killing those who had been pro
Saxa, whom he overtook and slew in Cilicia, and scribed by Sulla ; and deeming it disgraceful not
then proceeded along the south of Asia Minor, to meet a similar fate with courage, he seated him-
receiving the submission of almost all the cities in self in front of his house, and quietly waited for
his way. The only resistance he experienced was the assassins. (Appian, B. C. iv. 26. ) Whether
from Alabanda, Mylasa, and Stratoniceia ; the two this Labienus is the same as the one whose place
former of which he took by force [compare Hy- of concealment his freedmen could be induced by
BREAS], while the latter successfully resisted all his no tortures to reveal (Macrob. Saturn, i. 11), is
efforts. " Hereupon he assumed the name of Par- doubtful : the account of Appian would imply that
thian imperator, a title which we also find upon they were two different persons, as the former did
his coins, as is mentioned below. In adopting this not seek to conceal himself.
title, Dion Cassius remarks (xlviii. 26), Labienus 5. T. LABIENUS, & celebrated orator and his-
departed from the custom of all Roman command-torian in the reign of Augustus, appears to have
ers, who were wont to take such titles from the been either the son or grandson of the Labienus
names of the people whom they conquered, of who deserted Julius Caesar. (No. 3. ) He retained
which we have examples in Scipio Africanus, Ser- all the republican feelings of his family, and, unlike
vilius Isauricus, Fabius Allobrogicus, and the like, most of his contemporaries, never became reconciled
while Labienus, on the contrary, assumed his from to the imperial government, but took every op-
the victorious nation. It was in reference to this portunity to attack Augustus and his friends. In
that Hybreas, when he was defending Mylasus, consequence of his bitterness he received the nick-
sent Labienus the taunting message that he would name of Rabienus from the imperial party. He
call himself the Carian imperator.
was an intimate friend of Cassius Severus, and an
ance.
PROCOOCOOMOCNO
00000
:
## p. 699 (#715) ############################################
LABRANDEUS.
699
LACHARES.
enemy of Asinius Pollio, whom he branded in one had at Labranda. (Herod. v. 119; Strab. xiv.
of his orations as the cusnar or parasite of Augus p. 659 ; Plut. Quest. Gr. 46. ) (L. S. )
Lus. He is represented by the elder Seneca as LABYNETUS (Aafúvntos), a name common
very poor, of an infamous character, and universally to several of the Babylonian monarchs. It seems
hated; but his oratorical talents must have been to have been a title rather than a proper name. А
very great, as Seneca justly remarks, to have ob- Labynetus is mentioned by Herodotus (i. 74) as
tained under these circumstances the remarkable mediating, in conjunction with a prince of Cilicia,
reputation which he enjoyed as an orator. In his a peace between Cyaxares and Alyattcs. From
speeches he adopted a style of oratory which par- the chronology, it is clear that this Labynetus
took of the leading characteristics both of the an- must have been identical with Nebuchadnezzar.
cient and modern schools, so that each party could Another Labynetus is mentioned by Herodotus
claim him.
The history which Labienus wrote (i. 77) as a contemporary of Cyrus and Croesus,
was apparently one of his own times ; since the with the latter of whom he was in alliance. This
elder Seneca relates, that when he heard him on Labynetus is the same with the Belshazzar of the
one occasion reading his history, he passed over a prophet Daniel. By other writers he is called Na-
great part, remarking that it could only be read after bonadius or Nabonidus. He was the last king
his death ; but if the work had related merely to of Babylon. (CrRus. ) The mode in which the
past times, he probably would not have feared to have city was captured by Cyrus is described by Hero-
read it. Labienus seems never to have been en-dotus, i. 188.
(C. P. M. )
gaged in any plots against Augustus ; but his LACEDAEMON (Aakedaluwv), a son of Zcus
enemies at length revenged themselves upon him, by Taygete, was married to Spartan
, the daughter of
by obtaining a decree of the senate that all his Eurotas, by whom he became the father of Amyclas,
writings should be burnt. This indignity affected Eurydice, and Asine. He was king of the country
Labienus so much, that, resolving not to survive which he called after his own name, Lacedaemon,
the productions of his genius, he shut himself up while he gave to his capital the name of his wife,
in the tombs of his ancestors, and thus perished. Sparta. (Apollod. iii. 10. $ 3; Paus. iii. 1. & 2,
His death probably took place in a. D. 12, as Dion &c. ; Steph. Byz. 8. v. 'Aoinn. ) He was believed
Cassius relates (lvi. 27) that several libellous works to have built the sanctuary of the Charites, which
were burnt in that year. Caligula allowed the stood between Sparta and Amyclae, and to have
writings of Labienus, as well as those of Cremutius given to those divinities the names of Cleta and
Cordus and Cassius Severus, which had shared the Phaënna. (Paus. iii. 18. § 4. ) An heroum was
same fate, to be again collected and read. (Senec. erected to him in the neighbourhood of Therapne.
Controv. v. pp. 328–330, ed. Bipont. ; Suet. Cal. (Paus. iii. 20. $ 2. )
[L. S. ]
16. )
LACEDAEMONIUS (Aakedalubvios), son of
Te find mention of only three orations of La-Cimon, so named by his father in honour of the
bienus:-1. An oration for Figulus against the Lacedaemonians, had for his mother, according to
heirs of Urbinia: the cause of the latter was Stesimbrotus, an Arcadian ; according to Diodorus
pleaded by C. Asinius Pollio. (Quintil
. iv. 1. $ Periegetes, Isodice, daughter of Euryptolemus, son
il; Tac. de Orat. 38. ) 2. An oration against of Megacles. He was joint commander of the ten
Pollio, which may, however, be the same as the ships which the Athenians, after making alliance
preceding, and which was ascribed by some to with the Corcyreans, despatched to assist them, B. C.
Cornelius Gallus. (Quintil. i. 5. Ø 8. ) 3. An 432. Plutarch has what seems a foolish story,
oration against Bathyllus, the freedman of Maece that this appointment to a quite inadequate
nas, who was defended by Gallio. (Senec. Controv. squadron was a piece of political spite on the part
v. p. 330. )
of Pericles; and that the reinforcement which
(De Chambort, Dissert. sur T. Labienus, in the quickly followed was only sent in consequence of
Mém. de l'Acad. des Inscript. vol. x. pp. 98—110 ; general complaints. (Plut. Cim. 16, Per. 29 ;
Meyer, Orator. Rom. Fragmenta, pp. 528–531, | Thuc, i. 45. )
(A. H. C. ]
2nd ed. ; Westermann, Gesch, der Römischen Be LACEʻDAS (Aakýðas), or, as Herodotus (vi.
redtsamkeit, $ 73, n. 3 ; Weichert, de Cussio Par- 127) calls him, Leocedes, a king of Argos, and
mensi, pp. 319–324 ; comp. Bentley, ad Hor. father of Melas, is reckoned to have been a de-
Serm. i. 3. 82, who proposes to read Labieno in- scendant of Medon in the fifth generation. (Paus.
stead of Labeone in that passage. )
i. 19. & 2. ) Another person of the same name is
LABOʻTAS (Aabúras, Paus. ), fourth king of Lacedas, the son of Pheidon. Some writers not
Sparta in the line of Agis, has nothing recorded of only identify the two, but try to prove that the
his reign except that he saw the commencement of Lacydas mentioned by Plutarch (De Cap. ex inim.
the Spartan quarrel with Argos. (Paus. iii. 2. util. 89. ) is likewise the same person. (Comp.
§ 3. ) Herodotus says that Lycurgus was his uncle Wyttenbach, ad Plut. l. C. ; Schubart and Waiz
and guardian. The other account, which names the ad Paus. l. c. )
(LS. ),
Proclid Charilaus as the name of the young king, LACER, Ć. JUʻLIUS, an architect in the time
is so generally stated by ancient writers (CHARI- of Trajan. His name is preserved in an inscription
LAUS), that, although Pausanias read the passage in on a bridge which he built over the Tagus at Al-
Herodotus as it now stands, Wesseling and Clinton cantara. (Gruter, p. 162. )
[P. S. ]
approve the correction, επιτροπεύοντα αδελφι- C. LACERIUS, tribune of the plebs, B. C. 401,
δέον μέν έωυτού, βασιλεύοντος δε Σπαρτιητέων | was elected by the other tribunes (by cooptatio)
AEwBÁTEW. (Herod. i. 65. ) A similar difficulty at-through the influence of the patricians, who were
taches to the name, which Pausanias says Herodotus anxious to set aside the Lex Trebonia. (Liv. v.
spelt Aewbórns; whereas our MSS. , it seems, have 10. )
only Λεωβώτεω and Λεωβάτεω. (A. H. C. ] LA'CHARES (Aaxápns), an Athenian, was
LABRANDEUS (na pavdeus), a surname of one of the most influential demagogues in his native
Zeus Stratius, which he derived from a temple he city, after the democracy bad been re-established
## p. 700 (#716) ############################################
700
LACHARES.
LACINIUS.
காரைப்பாயம்
by Demetrius Poliorcetes. He was afterwards se- nanie of Cornutus being known. 4. 'Ex oral
cretly gained over by Cassander, who incited him intopikal kard Otoixelov, i. e. select passages from
to aim at the acquisition of the tyranny, hoping to the Greek orators in alphabetical order. (L. S. )
be able through his means to rule Athens. (Paus. LACHES (Adxns), an Athenian, son of Mela-
i. 25. $ 7. ) He does not seem, however, to have nopus, was joined with Charoeades in the command
been able to effect this purpose until Athens was of the first expedition sent by the Athenians to
besieged by Demetrius (B. Ć. 296), when he took Sicily, in B. C. 427. His colleague was soon after
advantage of the excitement of the popular mind to slain in battle, and Laches, being left sole general,
expel Demochares, the leader of the opposite party, took Messina, and gained some slight advantages
and establish himself as undisputed master of the over the Epizephyrian Locrians. In B. C. 426 he
city. We know but little either of the intrigues was superseded by Pythodorus, with whom So-
by which he raised himself to power or of his pro- phocles and Eurymedon were shortly joined, and
ceedings afterwards ; but he is described in general was recalled, apparently to stand his trial on a
terins by Pausanias, as “ of all tyrants the most charge of peculation in his cominand, brought
inhuman towards men, and the most sacrilegious against him by Cleon. (Thuc. iii. 86, 88, 90, 99, 103,
towards the gods. " He plundered the temples, 115, vi. 1, 6, 75; Just. iv. 3 ; Arist. Vesp. 240,
and expecially the Parthenon, of all their most 836, 895, 903, 937 ; Dem. C. Tim. § 145 ; Schol.
valuable treasures, stripping even the statue of ad Arist. Vesp. 240, 836. ) The Scholiast thinks
Athena of her sacred ornaments.
