)
ignisque
inscius;
Nullus est mora; propius vix perfero flamma, cum (et jam)
Attolloque suns (ellip.
Nullus est mora; propius vix perfero flamma, cum (et jam)
Attolloque suns (ellip.
Latin - Bradley - Exercises in Latin Prosody
) placidus os durus lupus.
Ira Poenus leo cohibeor (synon. ) tempus,
Nec femsferitas permaneo (enall. ) animus, qui sum ante.
14.
Thus the mourning nightingale bemoans under the
shade of a poplar Her lost young, which a cruel country-
man, Discovering them in their nest, had stolen unfledged;
thus she Grieves through the dark night, and, sitting on a
bough, her song Renews, and fills the places around with
her piteous complaints.
Qualis mcerens philomela sub umbra populus (enall. )
Queror amissus foetus, qui durus arator,
Cernens (synon. ) nidus, implumis detraho; at ille
Nox caucus fleo, ramusque sedens, carmen
Integro, et impleo late locus suus (ellip. ) mcestus questus.
15.
She fears all things and she hopes for nothing: thus
anxious, as she is returning with food, is the bird, Who
has left her young in a lowly shrub, And thus, while absent
from them, is she apprehensive of many evils; She fears
lest the wind should have torn her nest from the tree,
Lest her young should be exposed as a plunder to man, or
a prey to serpents.
Omnis (synon. ) paveo speroque nihil: sic ales ssstuo,
Qui committo/n'fus humilis ornus,
Allaturus cibus (enall. ), et plurimus cogito absens;
Ne ventus discutio nidus arbor,
Ne furtum pateo homo, neu coluber prasda.
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? VERSIFICATION. 119
16.
A moth is flying around my burning candle; And now,
and now again it almost burns its little wings. Often
with my hand I keep it back when approaching, and "O
moth," I cry, "What great desire to die urges you on? "
Still it returns; and, although I strive to save it, It perse-
veres, and rushes into the flames and into death.
Musca volito circum mens exurens lucerna;
Alaque parvus suus amburo jam prope, jamque.
Saepe repello manus is (ellip. ) veniens; et" Musca"
Inquam, " Quis tantus libido morior impello tu V
Ille tamen redeo; et, quanquam Conor (synon. ) servo,
lnsto, et irruo (mall. ) in flamma exitiumque.
CHAPTER IX. --PERIPHRASIS.
Periphrasis is the use of two or more words instead of
one; as Pecoris magister for pastor, and Ovium fcetus for
agni:
Idem amor exitium pecori est, pecorisque magistro.
Pastores ovium teneros depellere fcetus. Virg.
The periphrasis occurs in poetical composition more
frequently than any other figure, except the metaphor.
Besides the assistance, which it renders to the poet in
completing the measure of his verses, it often enables him
to avoid low or inelegant expressions, and to give to his
style a greater degree of variety and beauty.
The words in the following exercises, which are inclosed
within brackets, are examples of the periphrasis, and are
to be substituted for the corresponding word in the line.
When two or more Italic words occur in a line, they must
be omitted, and the meaning, which they are designed to
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? 120 EXERCISES IN
convey, expressed by one word only. When there is only
one word in a line printed in Italics, it is intended to be
omitted, audits meaning expressed by a periphrasis.
EXERCISES.
1.
Thus does the lioness rage when confined in a narrow-
den, And breaks her fierce teeth by biting her prison.
Sic leaena fremo (fera nobilis) in claustrum (enall. ) parvus
abditus,
Et rabidus dens frango carcere prsemorso.
2.
Whither shall I be carried ? where shall I seek comfort
in my affliction? No anchor now holds my bark.
Qua`feror? unde (lapsis rebus) peto solatium (enall. ) mise-
ria?
Jam nullus anchora (non ulla) teneo meus (enall. ) ratis.
3.
Farewell, ye mossy fountains, ye woods, And ye Mu-
ses, and the dreams of fabled Pindus.
Valeo muscosus fons, (sylvestria tecta) sylva,
Musaque (Aonides dese), et somnium Pindus mendax.
4>.
Not far hence herds of cattle wander through the spa-
cious fields, And sheep roam over the joyful pastures.
Nec procul hinc armentum vagor (synon. ) per latus ager,
Ovisque (lanigeri greges) persulto lsetus pabulum.
5.
Then also the birds in safety flew, And the hare wan-
dered fearlessly in the midst of the fields, Nor had their
easy credulity hung on the hook the inhabitants of the
rivers.
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121
Tunc et avis (mover? pennas per ae? ra) tuto? (enall. ) volo,
Et lepus impavide` (enall. ) erro in medius ager,
Nec sua credulitasfluminum incolas suspendu hamus.
6.
The astonished cultivators of the fields see rugged
brakes Sweetly blooming with roses, and hear with sur-
prise among parched sands The noisy murmurings of a
river.
Attonitus cultores agrorum video dumet'. im incultus
Suaviter (enall. ) rubens (enall. ) rosa, sitiensque inter arena
Miror garrulus rivus (epithet) murmur.
7.
Arrayed in their shining arms, thrice around the blaz-
ing Piles they ran; thrice the mournful funeral fire They
encompassed on their steeds, and yelled aloud.
Ter, cinctus nitens (synon. ) arma, circum accensus
Hogus curro ( enall. ); ter moesttis funereus f enall. ) ignis
Lustro in suus ? ellip. ) equus, ululoque (ululatus ore dedere).
8.
O robin, a guest most welcome to every house, Whom
the severity of the cold compels to seek the aid of man,
That thou mayst escape the frosts of the wintry air, O fly
hither, And dwell in safety under my roof.
Rubecula (hospes avis), conviva domus quivis gratissimus,
Qui inclementia frigoris cogo quajro homo (enall. ) opem,
Hue O confugio, ut fugio frigus hj bernus cesium,
------ et vivo tutus ? synon. ) sub meus lar.
9.
That thou mayet relieve thy hunger, food in my win-
dow I will place every day; For by experience I have
Lat. Pr. L
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? 122 EXERCISES IN
learned that thou wilt repay with a grateful Song what-
soever food any kind hand may bestow.
Unde relevo tuus esuries, alimentum (enall. ) fenestra
Appono quotidie (quoties itque reditque dies);
Ktcnim usus edisco qudd rependo alimentum (enall. ) gratus
'Cantus, quicunque dono (synon. ) bonus (synon. ) manus.
10.
In the early spring, when the warm breezes gently
blow, And when on every tree its vernal honors bloom,
Thou mayst freely return to the groves and revisit the
sylvan shades, In which music delightful and equal to
thine resounds.
Ver novus, ciim tepidus aura i|iolliter spiro,
Et suus honos (enall. ) verno in quivis arbor,
Pro libitu ad nemus (synon. ) redeo sylvestriague tecta revise,
In (ellip. ) qui musica lstus parque tuus resono.
II.
But if again, but if by chance again, the cold Should
bring back to my house my beloved bird, Be thou, O re-
turning bird, be thou mindful to repay with a grateful
song Whatsoever food any kind hand may bestow.
Sin iterum, sin forte iterum,/rigu$
Reduro ad metis tectum (enall. ) cams (synon. ) avis,
Sum, rcdux, memor sum rependo gratus cantus
Pabulum (enall. ), quicunque benignus manus do.
12.
"The Molossian hounds fondly caressed the hare then
free from danger, And the tender young of the sheep
drew near the wolf; The deers played in peace with the
tigress; The stags feared not the African lion.
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? VERSIFICATION. 123
Molossi bfandfe (enall. ) foveo tutus (synon. ) lepus,
Tcncrque oris foetus appropiuquo (synon. ) vicinum praebuit
latus lupus; ,
Concors daraa cum tigris (epithet) ludo;
Cervus non pertimesco (synon. ) Massylus juba.
IS.
From you shall descend the brave Achilles, Known to
his enemies not by his back but by his undaunted front,
Who, always a victor in the uncertain contest of the race,
Shall outstrip the speed of the swift deer.
Achilles (expers terroris) tu nascor fortis,
Hostis haud tergum st \ pectus impavidus (synon. ) notuf,
Qui, persaepe victor vagus certamen cursus,
Praeverto (llammea vestigia) celeritas cerva celer.
14.
But me first above all things may the sweet Aonian
goddesses receive into their favor, Whose sacred symbols,
smit with ardent love to them, I bear; And may they
shew me the paths of heaven, and the starry orbs, The
various eclipses of the orb of Phoebus, and the labors of
the moon.
Ego verd primum ante omnis dulcis Aonides de/c,
Qui sacra fero, magnus (synon. ) amor percussus,
Accipio; coelum atque (synon. ) via, et sidereos orbes monstro,
Varius defectus Pheebi orbit, lunaque labor.
15.
The god of fire fought against Troy, the god of music
for Troy; The mother of iEneas was friendly to the Tro-
jan people, the goddess of war was unfriendly. The sis-
ter and wife of Jupiter, favorable to Turnus, hated
jEneas; Yet he was secure under the protection of Ve-
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? 124 EXERCISES IN
nus. Often did the fierce ruler of the sea attack Ulysses;
Often did Pallas rescue him from the brother of her fa-
ther.
Ignis deus sto in Troja, musics, prases pro Troja;
JEnea mater sum aequus Trojano populo, iniqua belli ilea.
Proprior Turnus, Jovis soror et conjux iEneas oderat;
Tamen ille sum tutus numen Venus.
Saepe ferox pelagi domitor Ulysses (epithet) peto;
Saepe Pallas (synon. ) suns patrisfrutre eripio. '
16.
And as a ravenous wolf both seizes on and carries away
Through the corn fields, through the woods, the sheep,
which has not gone into the fold, So, if the hostile barba-
rian finds any one in the plains Not yet received within
the city, he hurries him away; He then either follows
him as his captive, and receives chains cast upon his neck,
Or falls by a poisoned arrow.
TJtque rapax pecus, qui non intro (se texit) ovili,
Per seges (synon. ), per sylva, lupus feroque trahoque,
Sic, si qui, acceptus (synon. ) nondum (portarum sepe) oppidum,
Barbarus hostis in campus reperio (epenth. ), ago;
Aut captus sequitur ille (ellip. ), conjectusque catena (synon. )
collum accipio,
autpereo (synon. ) venenatus telum (virus habente).
17.
So when a shepherd, while he is collecting branches of
trees in the woods, Has wrapped among the loaves a ser-
pent asleep with cold and stiff with frost, And without
having seen it, has brought it to the fire; There is no de-
lay; scarcely has it felt the flames near it, When the serpent
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? VERSIFICATION. 125
both lifts up its head, and now also turns around Its fiery
eyes, And moves erect through the house with its forked
tongue.
Sicut ubi, dum arborum brachia colligo in sylva, anguis
Frigor sopitus, pastor, rigens brumaque,
Frons implico, appono (synan.
) ignisque inscius;
Nullus est mora; propius vix perfero flamma, cum (et jam)
Attolloque suns (ellip. ) caput, jamque lumen igneus torqueo,
Perque tectum (synon. ) mice arduus anguis (synon. ) os tri-
linguis.
CHAPTER X. --MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES.
The first twenty-two of the following exercises are design-
ed to be literally translated into Latin verse: the words
will require a different arrangement, but every word may
stand in the same line in Latin, in which it is found in
English. The remaining exercises are intended to be more
freely translated, and the wofds in one line may often be
introduced into the preceding or following verse.
1.
The lamb in company with the wolf (sociata lupv) shall
gambol (lasciviet) in (per) the vallies,
And the steer shall go (petet) with the lion in safety (tutus)'
to the stall (prcesepe).
2.
Thus (qualia) the lilies hang down (declinant) their, wi-
thering (pallentes) 6talks,
V
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? 126 EXERCISES IN
And blooming {puberties,) roses die beneath the first chill-
ing blasts' (adprimos austros).
3.
And now the morning star {Lucifer) fringed (stringebat)
the lofty iEmus with his (ellip. ) rays,
And he urges on the rapid chariot (festinam rotam) more
speedily than usual (solito properantior).
4.
And I feared all these things, because I knew (videbam)
that I deserved them (ellip. );
But your anger is lighter (lenior) than my crime (pec-
cato).
5.
Let the heaven supply (ellip. ) dews sweet as nectar (nec-
tareos), and let it viands (epithet)
Supply, and shed (irriget) silently fertilizing showers (im-
bres).
6.
The sea was bright (radiabat) with the image of the re-
flected (repercussa) moon,
And in the night (epithet) there was a light (nitor) like
the light of day (diurnus).
7.
Let him indeed (sane) receive the price (mercedem) of
blood, and look as (et sic)
Pale (jpalleat) as the man (ellip. ) who has trodden on
(pressit) a serpent with naked feet (calcibus).
8.
And now the sea began to redden (rubescebat) with the
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? VERSIFICATION. 127
morning (ellip. ) rays, and from the lofty sky
(cethere)
The saffron Morn (lutea Aurora) arose in her rosy chariot
(bigis).
9.
Drops (enall. ) wear a stone hollow (cavo) ; a ring is worn
out (consumitur) by use;
And the crooked ploughshare is worn away (teritur) by
the earth rubbing against it (pressa).
10.
You see that anger, lust (libido), vice (scelus), every where
prevail (dominentur),
And deceit (fraus) counterfeiting friendship, and malig-
nant envy,
And feuds, and treachery (insidia), and the snares (retia)
of unequal law.
11.
Around the tame tyger (mansueta tigri) flowery bands
the sportive (petulantes)
Boys in play (per ludum) shall cast, and serpents the wea-
ried
Limbs of the traveller shall refresh by licking them with
their cold tongues (recreabuntfrigore lingua).
12.
The field by degrees shall grow yellow (flavescet) with
soft ears of corn (arista),
And the blushing grape (rubens uva) shall hang on the
rough (incultis) brambles,
And hard oaks shall distil (sudabunt) dewy honey (enall. ).
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? 128 EXERCISES IN
13.
O Sleep, thou (ettip. ) rest (quies) of all (ellip. ) things, O
Sleep, thou gentlest {placidissime) of the gods,
Thou peace of the mind, from whom care flies away, who
the body (corda), by its (ellip. ) daily
Toils (ministeriis) exhausted (Jessa), dost refresh and re-
cruit for labor.
14.
Often too, when the wind is rising (vento impendente),
you will see stars
Falling (labi) swiftly (enall. ) from (ellip. ) heaven, and,
through the shades (umbram) of night,
Long trains (tractus) of flame (enall. ) gleaming (albescere)
behind them (a tergal).
15.
Under this tree the dewy (madidi) Fauns (Fauni) often
danced (luserunt),
And their (ellip. ) pipe heard in the night (fistula sera)
alarmed the quiet family (domum);
And while they fled (Jugit) through the solitary (solus)
fields from midnight Pan (nocturnum Pana),
Often under this tree (Jronde) z rural Dryad (Dryas)
lay concealed (latuit).
16.
O mossy fountains, and grass (herba) more soft than
sleep (somno mollior),
And the green arbute tree (arbutus), that covers you with
its thin (rard) shade,
Keep off the heat (solstitium) from my flock (pecori);
now comes the summer
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? VERSIFICATION. 129
Scorching; now the buds swell on the vine (epithet).
17.
Beneath a hedge, and often (nee raro) on the, margin of
a bank, there is a little
Reptile (the glow-worm), which glitters by night, and
lies concealed (latet) by day.
Ye great, lay aside your pride (fastus), and no longer
(nee) despise the lowly,
Since even (et) this little (minimum) reptile has some-
thing (ellip. ) which is splendid (niteat).
18.
In early spring, when the snow (periph. ) on the hoary
mountains
Is dissolved, and the crumbling (putris) glebe unbinds
itself by the Zephyr,
Then (periph. ) under the deep-pressed (depresso) plough,
let my ox begin
To groan, and the plough-share, worn bright (attritus)
by the furrow, begin (ellip. ) to glitter.
19.
Illustrious souls! If mortal things at all affect (quid
tangunt)
The inhabitants of heaven (ccelicolas), if there is still with
you (ellip. ) any regard (cura) for the British race,
I beseech you, renew (vos instaurate) our ancient vigor;
That, sloth (somno) being shaken off, we may at length
aspire (nitamur) to noble things (ardua),
Mindful of true virtue and of our fathers' (avitec) fame.
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? 130 EXERCISES IN
20.
Thus the Lagean (Lagea) bark, while in the vast ocean
like an island
It appeared (conspecta), struck against (illisit) the rocks,
where the east wind (epithet),
Scattering ruin around (naufragium spargens), blocks up
(operit) the sea: and now on the waters
Both planks (transtra), and masts, and colors (aplustria)
with (ellip. ) the torn sail,
And seamen {epithet), striving against (removentes) the
waters, float.
21.
For some (pars) commit the dead body to the earth,
And strew garlands on the tomb, and obsequies yearly
Pay, as though the shades of the dead (manes) required
such offerings.
Others (pars), the funeral pile being in order raised, burn
on it the bodies (artus) of the dead (ellip. ),
And collect their ashes, and place them in the faithful urn.
22.
Their life was like the life (ellip. ) of a beast, spent with-
out any regularity (nullos agitata per usus);
They were a savage people, and destitute as yet of know-
ledge.
They had (nurant) for houses leaves, for food (frugibus)
herbs;
Water, drunk out of their two hands, was their nectar.
No ox panted under the curved plough-share;
No land was under the cultivation (imperio) of the
husbandman (colentis).
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? VERSIFICATION. 131
23.
Night , had wrapped all things in darkness and in her
silent shade,
And deep sleep had seized on weary man.
24.
The birds were now singing, and the sun hastened from
the east,
To open with a purple smile the day.
25.
The shepherd guides his flocks ; he now takes in his arms
the tender lambs,
And gives them, while cherished in his bosom, the sweetest
herbs;
He now seeks for the sheep that are lost, and brings back
the wandering.
26.
The third morning had from the heavens removed the
cold shades of night [ellip. ),
When they sorrowfully collected together (ruebant) on the
hearths the high raised (altus) ashes and
The bones intermingled with each other, and placed over
them a warm mount of earth,
27.
Begone, ye sleepless cares; begone, complaints,
And the host of envy with her "jealous leer malign"
[transverso tortilis kirquo);
Nor thou, O cruel calumny, bring hither thy envenomed
scoffs {anguiferos rictus).
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? 132 EXERCISES IN
28.
Thus (talis) the Parthian lord leads from the Tigris
His barbarian troops, and proudly adorns his head
With regal chaplets, gems, and rich attire.
29.
For now Eurus collects his strength from the purple east;
Now Zephyr approaches hasting from the west (sero
vespere missus).
Now cold Boreas rages (jbacchatur) from the dry north
(Arcto);
Now the south wind joins the contest with an opposing
front.
30.
Androcles, who had fled as an exile from the anger of
his master,
Wandered over the parched sands of Libya.
At length when wearied and exhausted by his journey
(labore viarum),
A secret cave presented itself to him at the side of a
rock.
31.
He enters the cave; and scarcely had he committed his
wearied limbs to sleep,
When suddenly an immense lion roars in the cavern.
It lifted up its wounded foot, and uttering a mournful
cry,
It implored, as well as it was able to implore, the
assistance of Androcles.
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? VERSIFICATION. 133
32.
The fugitive slave, struck with the novelty of the circum-
stance, and hesitating with fear,
Scarcely at length moves his trembling hands to the
assistance of the lion (ellip. );
But after having examined the thorn, (for a thorn stuck in
the wound)
He carefully and tenderly draws it out of the lion's
foot.
33.
Now again he roams through the sylvan shades, and the
groves; and, like an attentive host,
Brings to the cave for Androcles constant food.
The man, as the lion's guest, sits down to the feasts pre-
pared for him (ellip. ),
And hesitates not to partake of the undressed pro-
visions.
34.
But who could bear to live thus solitarily in a cheerless
desert (tcedia deserta vitce)?
Scarcely could the rage of a revengeful master be more
terrible.
The slave at length resolves to expose his devoted head to
certain dangers,
And again to seek his paternal abode.
35.
Here he is given up by his master, and, doomed to afford
a cruel entertainment to the people,
He stands in the theatre as a wretched criminal.
Lat. Pr. M
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? 13*
EXERCISES IN
By chance the same lion that he had assisted in the desert
(ellip. ), fierce and raging with hunger, rushes
from the dens,
And looks with an astonished countenance on his physi-
cian.
36.
He looks at him, and, as an old friend recognizing his
former guest,
He lies down at his well known feet caressing him
(blandulus).
This prodigy (ellip. ) was the work of nature alone: she
alone, who gave to the lion all his rage,
She alone induced him to repress it.
37.
The dove, that has been wounded by thy talons, O-hawk,
Is alarmed at the least rustling of a wing.
The lamb, that has been at any time rescued from the
jaws of a rapacious wolf,
Never dares again to wander from the fold.
38.
Ira Poenus leo cohibeor (synon. ) tempus,
Nec femsferitas permaneo (enall. ) animus, qui sum ante.
14.
Thus the mourning nightingale bemoans under the
shade of a poplar Her lost young, which a cruel country-
man, Discovering them in their nest, had stolen unfledged;
thus she Grieves through the dark night, and, sitting on a
bough, her song Renews, and fills the places around with
her piteous complaints.
Qualis mcerens philomela sub umbra populus (enall. )
Queror amissus foetus, qui durus arator,
Cernens (synon. ) nidus, implumis detraho; at ille
Nox caucus fleo, ramusque sedens, carmen
Integro, et impleo late locus suus (ellip. ) mcestus questus.
15.
She fears all things and she hopes for nothing: thus
anxious, as she is returning with food, is the bird, Who
has left her young in a lowly shrub, And thus, while absent
from them, is she apprehensive of many evils; She fears
lest the wind should have torn her nest from the tree,
Lest her young should be exposed as a plunder to man, or
a prey to serpents.
Omnis (synon. ) paveo speroque nihil: sic ales ssstuo,
Qui committo/n'fus humilis ornus,
Allaturus cibus (enall. ), et plurimus cogito absens;
Ne ventus discutio nidus arbor,
Ne furtum pateo homo, neu coluber prasda.
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? VERSIFICATION. 119
16.
A moth is flying around my burning candle; And now,
and now again it almost burns its little wings. Often
with my hand I keep it back when approaching, and "O
moth," I cry, "What great desire to die urges you on? "
Still it returns; and, although I strive to save it, It perse-
veres, and rushes into the flames and into death.
Musca volito circum mens exurens lucerna;
Alaque parvus suus amburo jam prope, jamque.
Saepe repello manus is (ellip. ) veniens; et" Musca"
Inquam, " Quis tantus libido morior impello tu V
Ille tamen redeo; et, quanquam Conor (synon. ) servo,
lnsto, et irruo (mall. ) in flamma exitiumque.
CHAPTER IX. --PERIPHRASIS.
Periphrasis is the use of two or more words instead of
one; as Pecoris magister for pastor, and Ovium fcetus for
agni:
Idem amor exitium pecori est, pecorisque magistro.
Pastores ovium teneros depellere fcetus. Virg.
The periphrasis occurs in poetical composition more
frequently than any other figure, except the metaphor.
Besides the assistance, which it renders to the poet in
completing the measure of his verses, it often enables him
to avoid low or inelegant expressions, and to give to his
style a greater degree of variety and beauty.
The words in the following exercises, which are inclosed
within brackets, are examples of the periphrasis, and are
to be substituted for the corresponding word in the line.
When two or more Italic words occur in a line, they must
be omitted, and the meaning, which they are designed to
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? 120 EXERCISES IN
convey, expressed by one word only. When there is only
one word in a line printed in Italics, it is intended to be
omitted, audits meaning expressed by a periphrasis.
EXERCISES.
1.
Thus does the lioness rage when confined in a narrow-
den, And breaks her fierce teeth by biting her prison.
Sic leaena fremo (fera nobilis) in claustrum (enall. ) parvus
abditus,
Et rabidus dens frango carcere prsemorso.
2.
Whither shall I be carried ? where shall I seek comfort
in my affliction? No anchor now holds my bark.
Qua`feror? unde (lapsis rebus) peto solatium (enall. ) mise-
ria?
Jam nullus anchora (non ulla) teneo meus (enall. ) ratis.
3.
Farewell, ye mossy fountains, ye woods, And ye Mu-
ses, and the dreams of fabled Pindus.
Valeo muscosus fons, (sylvestria tecta) sylva,
Musaque (Aonides dese), et somnium Pindus mendax.
4>.
Not far hence herds of cattle wander through the spa-
cious fields, And sheep roam over the joyful pastures.
Nec procul hinc armentum vagor (synon. ) per latus ager,
Ovisque (lanigeri greges) persulto lsetus pabulum.
5.
Then also the birds in safety flew, And the hare wan-
dered fearlessly in the midst of the fields, Nor had their
easy credulity hung on the hook the inhabitants of the
rivers.
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121
Tunc et avis (mover? pennas per ae? ra) tuto? (enall. ) volo,
Et lepus impavide` (enall. ) erro in medius ager,
Nec sua credulitasfluminum incolas suspendu hamus.
6.
The astonished cultivators of the fields see rugged
brakes Sweetly blooming with roses, and hear with sur-
prise among parched sands The noisy murmurings of a
river.
Attonitus cultores agrorum video dumet'. im incultus
Suaviter (enall. ) rubens (enall. ) rosa, sitiensque inter arena
Miror garrulus rivus (epithet) murmur.
7.
Arrayed in their shining arms, thrice around the blaz-
ing Piles they ran; thrice the mournful funeral fire They
encompassed on their steeds, and yelled aloud.
Ter, cinctus nitens (synon. ) arma, circum accensus
Hogus curro ( enall. ); ter moesttis funereus f enall. ) ignis
Lustro in suus ? ellip. ) equus, ululoque (ululatus ore dedere).
8.
O robin, a guest most welcome to every house, Whom
the severity of the cold compels to seek the aid of man,
That thou mayst escape the frosts of the wintry air, O fly
hither, And dwell in safety under my roof.
Rubecula (hospes avis), conviva domus quivis gratissimus,
Qui inclementia frigoris cogo quajro homo (enall. ) opem,
Hue O confugio, ut fugio frigus hj bernus cesium,
------ et vivo tutus ? synon. ) sub meus lar.
9.
That thou mayet relieve thy hunger, food in my win-
dow I will place every day; For by experience I have
Lat. Pr. L
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? 122 EXERCISES IN
learned that thou wilt repay with a grateful Song what-
soever food any kind hand may bestow.
Unde relevo tuus esuries, alimentum (enall. ) fenestra
Appono quotidie (quoties itque reditque dies);
Ktcnim usus edisco qudd rependo alimentum (enall. ) gratus
'Cantus, quicunque dono (synon. ) bonus (synon. ) manus.
10.
In the early spring, when the warm breezes gently
blow, And when on every tree its vernal honors bloom,
Thou mayst freely return to the groves and revisit the
sylvan shades, In which music delightful and equal to
thine resounds.
Ver novus, ciim tepidus aura i|iolliter spiro,
Et suus honos (enall. ) verno in quivis arbor,
Pro libitu ad nemus (synon. ) redeo sylvestriague tecta revise,
In (ellip. ) qui musica lstus parque tuus resono.
II.
But if again, but if by chance again, the cold Should
bring back to my house my beloved bird, Be thou, O re-
turning bird, be thou mindful to repay with a grateful
song Whatsoever food any kind hand may bestow.
Sin iterum, sin forte iterum,/rigu$
Reduro ad metis tectum (enall. ) cams (synon. ) avis,
Sum, rcdux, memor sum rependo gratus cantus
Pabulum (enall. ), quicunque benignus manus do.
12.
"The Molossian hounds fondly caressed the hare then
free from danger, And the tender young of the sheep
drew near the wolf; The deers played in peace with the
tigress; The stags feared not the African lion.
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? VERSIFICATION. 123
Molossi bfandfe (enall. ) foveo tutus (synon. ) lepus,
Tcncrque oris foetus appropiuquo (synon. ) vicinum praebuit
latus lupus; ,
Concors daraa cum tigris (epithet) ludo;
Cervus non pertimesco (synon. ) Massylus juba.
IS.
From you shall descend the brave Achilles, Known to
his enemies not by his back but by his undaunted front,
Who, always a victor in the uncertain contest of the race,
Shall outstrip the speed of the swift deer.
Achilles (expers terroris) tu nascor fortis,
Hostis haud tergum st \ pectus impavidus (synon. ) notuf,
Qui, persaepe victor vagus certamen cursus,
Praeverto (llammea vestigia) celeritas cerva celer.
14.
But me first above all things may the sweet Aonian
goddesses receive into their favor, Whose sacred symbols,
smit with ardent love to them, I bear; And may they
shew me the paths of heaven, and the starry orbs, The
various eclipses of the orb of Phoebus, and the labors of
the moon.
Ego verd primum ante omnis dulcis Aonides de/c,
Qui sacra fero, magnus (synon. ) amor percussus,
Accipio; coelum atque (synon. ) via, et sidereos orbes monstro,
Varius defectus Pheebi orbit, lunaque labor.
15.
The god of fire fought against Troy, the god of music
for Troy; The mother of iEneas was friendly to the Tro-
jan people, the goddess of war was unfriendly. The sis-
ter and wife of Jupiter, favorable to Turnus, hated
jEneas; Yet he was secure under the protection of Ve-
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? 124 EXERCISES IN
nus. Often did the fierce ruler of the sea attack Ulysses;
Often did Pallas rescue him from the brother of her fa-
ther.
Ignis deus sto in Troja, musics, prases pro Troja;
JEnea mater sum aequus Trojano populo, iniqua belli ilea.
Proprior Turnus, Jovis soror et conjux iEneas oderat;
Tamen ille sum tutus numen Venus.
Saepe ferox pelagi domitor Ulysses (epithet) peto;
Saepe Pallas (synon. ) suns patrisfrutre eripio. '
16.
And as a ravenous wolf both seizes on and carries away
Through the corn fields, through the woods, the sheep,
which has not gone into the fold, So, if the hostile barba-
rian finds any one in the plains Not yet received within
the city, he hurries him away; He then either follows
him as his captive, and receives chains cast upon his neck,
Or falls by a poisoned arrow.
TJtque rapax pecus, qui non intro (se texit) ovili,
Per seges (synon. ), per sylva, lupus feroque trahoque,
Sic, si qui, acceptus (synon. ) nondum (portarum sepe) oppidum,
Barbarus hostis in campus reperio (epenth. ), ago;
Aut captus sequitur ille (ellip. ), conjectusque catena (synon. )
collum accipio,
autpereo (synon. ) venenatus telum (virus habente).
17.
So when a shepherd, while he is collecting branches of
trees in the woods, Has wrapped among the loaves a ser-
pent asleep with cold and stiff with frost, And without
having seen it, has brought it to the fire; There is no de-
lay; scarcely has it felt the flames near it, When the serpent
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? VERSIFICATION. 125
both lifts up its head, and now also turns around Its fiery
eyes, And moves erect through the house with its forked
tongue.
Sicut ubi, dum arborum brachia colligo in sylva, anguis
Frigor sopitus, pastor, rigens brumaque,
Frons implico, appono (synan.
) ignisque inscius;
Nullus est mora; propius vix perfero flamma, cum (et jam)
Attolloque suns (ellip. ) caput, jamque lumen igneus torqueo,
Perque tectum (synon. ) mice arduus anguis (synon. ) os tri-
linguis.
CHAPTER X. --MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES.
The first twenty-two of the following exercises are design-
ed to be literally translated into Latin verse: the words
will require a different arrangement, but every word may
stand in the same line in Latin, in which it is found in
English. The remaining exercises are intended to be more
freely translated, and the wofds in one line may often be
introduced into the preceding or following verse.
1.
The lamb in company with the wolf (sociata lupv) shall
gambol (lasciviet) in (per) the vallies,
And the steer shall go (petet) with the lion in safety (tutus)'
to the stall (prcesepe).
2.
Thus (qualia) the lilies hang down (declinant) their, wi-
thering (pallentes) 6talks,
V
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? 126 EXERCISES IN
And blooming {puberties,) roses die beneath the first chill-
ing blasts' (adprimos austros).
3.
And now the morning star {Lucifer) fringed (stringebat)
the lofty iEmus with his (ellip. ) rays,
And he urges on the rapid chariot (festinam rotam) more
speedily than usual (solito properantior).
4.
And I feared all these things, because I knew (videbam)
that I deserved them (ellip. );
But your anger is lighter (lenior) than my crime (pec-
cato).
5.
Let the heaven supply (ellip. ) dews sweet as nectar (nec-
tareos), and let it viands (epithet)
Supply, and shed (irriget) silently fertilizing showers (im-
bres).
6.
The sea was bright (radiabat) with the image of the re-
flected (repercussa) moon,
And in the night (epithet) there was a light (nitor) like
the light of day (diurnus).
7.
Let him indeed (sane) receive the price (mercedem) of
blood, and look as (et sic)
Pale (jpalleat) as the man (ellip. ) who has trodden on
(pressit) a serpent with naked feet (calcibus).
8.
And now the sea began to redden (rubescebat) with the
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? VERSIFICATION. 127
morning (ellip. ) rays, and from the lofty sky
(cethere)
The saffron Morn (lutea Aurora) arose in her rosy chariot
(bigis).
9.
Drops (enall. ) wear a stone hollow (cavo) ; a ring is worn
out (consumitur) by use;
And the crooked ploughshare is worn away (teritur) by
the earth rubbing against it (pressa).
10.
You see that anger, lust (libido), vice (scelus), every where
prevail (dominentur),
And deceit (fraus) counterfeiting friendship, and malig-
nant envy,
And feuds, and treachery (insidia), and the snares (retia)
of unequal law.
11.
Around the tame tyger (mansueta tigri) flowery bands
the sportive (petulantes)
Boys in play (per ludum) shall cast, and serpents the wea-
ried
Limbs of the traveller shall refresh by licking them with
their cold tongues (recreabuntfrigore lingua).
12.
The field by degrees shall grow yellow (flavescet) with
soft ears of corn (arista),
And the blushing grape (rubens uva) shall hang on the
rough (incultis) brambles,
And hard oaks shall distil (sudabunt) dewy honey (enall. ).
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? 128 EXERCISES IN
13.
O Sleep, thou (ettip. ) rest (quies) of all (ellip. ) things, O
Sleep, thou gentlest {placidissime) of the gods,
Thou peace of the mind, from whom care flies away, who
the body (corda), by its (ellip. ) daily
Toils (ministeriis) exhausted (Jessa), dost refresh and re-
cruit for labor.
14.
Often too, when the wind is rising (vento impendente),
you will see stars
Falling (labi) swiftly (enall. ) from (ellip. ) heaven, and,
through the shades (umbram) of night,
Long trains (tractus) of flame (enall. ) gleaming (albescere)
behind them (a tergal).
15.
Under this tree the dewy (madidi) Fauns (Fauni) often
danced (luserunt),
And their (ellip. ) pipe heard in the night (fistula sera)
alarmed the quiet family (domum);
And while they fled (Jugit) through the solitary (solus)
fields from midnight Pan (nocturnum Pana),
Often under this tree (Jronde) z rural Dryad (Dryas)
lay concealed (latuit).
16.
O mossy fountains, and grass (herba) more soft than
sleep (somno mollior),
And the green arbute tree (arbutus), that covers you with
its thin (rard) shade,
Keep off the heat (solstitium) from my flock (pecori);
now comes the summer
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? VERSIFICATION. 129
Scorching; now the buds swell on the vine (epithet).
17.
Beneath a hedge, and often (nee raro) on the, margin of
a bank, there is a little
Reptile (the glow-worm), which glitters by night, and
lies concealed (latet) by day.
Ye great, lay aside your pride (fastus), and no longer
(nee) despise the lowly,
Since even (et) this little (minimum) reptile has some-
thing (ellip. ) which is splendid (niteat).
18.
In early spring, when the snow (periph. ) on the hoary
mountains
Is dissolved, and the crumbling (putris) glebe unbinds
itself by the Zephyr,
Then (periph. ) under the deep-pressed (depresso) plough,
let my ox begin
To groan, and the plough-share, worn bright (attritus)
by the furrow, begin (ellip. ) to glitter.
19.
Illustrious souls! If mortal things at all affect (quid
tangunt)
The inhabitants of heaven (ccelicolas), if there is still with
you (ellip. ) any regard (cura) for the British race,
I beseech you, renew (vos instaurate) our ancient vigor;
That, sloth (somno) being shaken off, we may at length
aspire (nitamur) to noble things (ardua),
Mindful of true virtue and of our fathers' (avitec) fame.
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20.
Thus the Lagean (Lagea) bark, while in the vast ocean
like an island
It appeared (conspecta), struck against (illisit) the rocks,
where the east wind (epithet),
Scattering ruin around (naufragium spargens), blocks up
(operit) the sea: and now on the waters
Both planks (transtra), and masts, and colors (aplustria)
with (ellip. ) the torn sail,
And seamen {epithet), striving against (removentes) the
waters, float.
21.
For some (pars) commit the dead body to the earth,
And strew garlands on the tomb, and obsequies yearly
Pay, as though the shades of the dead (manes) required
such offerings.
Others (pars), the funeral pile being in order raised, burn
on it the bodies (artus) of the dead (ellip. ),
And collect their ashes, and place them in the faithful urn.
22.
Their life was like the life (ellip. ) of a beast, spent with-
out any regularity (nullos agitata per usus);
They were a savage people, and destitute as yet of know-
ledge.
They had (nurant) for houses leaves, for food (frugibus)
herbs;
Water, drunk out of their two hands, was their nectar.
No ox panted under the curved plough-share;
No land was under the cultivation (imperio) of the
husbandman (colentis).
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? VERSIFICATION. 131
23.
Night , had wrapped all things in darkness and in her
silent shade,
And deep sleep had seized on weary man.
24.
The birds were now singing, and the sun hastened from
the east,
To open with a purple smile the day.
25.
The shepherd guides his flocks ; he now takes in his arms
the tender lambs,
And gives them, while cherished in his bosom, the sweetest
herbs;
He now seeks for the sheep that are lost, and brings back
the wandering.
26.
The third morning had from the heavens removed the
cold shades of night [ellip. ),
When they sorrowfully collected together (ruebant) on the
hearths the high raised (altus) ashes and
The bones intermingled with each other, and placed over
them a warm mount of earth,
27.
Begone, ye sleepless cares; begone, complaints,
And the host of envy with her "jealous leer malign"
[transverso tortilis kirquo);
Nor thou, O cruel calumny, bring hither thy envenomed
scoffs {anguiferos rictus).
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? 132 EXERCISES IN
28.
Thus (talis) the Parthian lord leads from the Tigris
His barbarian troops, and proudly adorns his head
With regal chaplets, gems, and rich attire.
29.
For now Eurus collects his strength from the purple east;
Now Zephyr approaches hasting from the west (sero
vespere missus).
Now cold Boreas rages (jbacchatur) from the dry north
(Arcto);
Now the south wind joins the contest with an opposing
front.
30.
Androcles, who had fled as an exile from the anger of
his master,
Wandered over the parched sands of Libya.
At length when wearied and exhausted by his journey
(labore viarum),
A secret cave presented itself to him at the side of a
rock.
31.
He enters the cave; and scarcely had he committed his
wearied limbs to sleep,
When suddenly an immense lion roars in the cavern.
It lifted up its wounded foot, and uttering a mournful
cry,
It implored, as well as it was able to implore, the
assistance of Androcles.
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? VERSIFICATION. 133
32.
The fugitive slave, struck with the novelty of the circum-
stance, and hesitating with fear,
Scarcely at length moves his trembling hands to the
assistance of the lion (ellip. );
But after having examined the thorn, (for a thorn stuck in
the wound)
He carefully and tenderly draws it out of the lion's
foot.
33.
Now again he roams through the sylvan shades, and the
groves; and, like an attentive host,
Brings to the cave for Androcles constant food.
The man, as the lion's guest, sits down to the feasts pre-
pared for him (ellip. ),
And hesitates not to partake of the undressed pro-
visions.
34.
But who could bear to live thus solitarily in a cheerless
desert (tcedia deserta vitce)?
Scarcely could the rage of a revengeful master be more
terrible.
The slave at length resolves to expose his devoted head to
certain dangers,
And again to seek his paternal abode.
35.
Here he is given up by his master, and, doomed to afford
a cruel entertainment to the people,
He stands in the theatre as a wretched criminal.
Lat. Pr. M
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EXERCISES IN
By chance the same lion that he had assisted in the desert
(ellip. ), fierce and raging with hunger, rushes
from the dens,
And looks with an astonished countenance on his physi-
cian.
36.
He looks at him, and, as an old friend recognizing his
former guest,
He lies down at his well known feet caressing him
(blandulus).
This prodigy (ellip. ) was the work of nature alone: she
alone, who gave to the lion all his rage,
She alone induced him to repress it.
37.
The dove, that has been wounded by thy talons, O-hawk,
Is alarmed at the least rustling of a wing.
The lamb, that has been at any time rescued from the
jaws of a rapacious wolf,
Never dares again to wander from the fold.
38.
