de Ab
were celebrated in Samothrace (Lycoph.
were celebrated in Samothrace (Lycoph.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
i.
Suidas attributes to our Hecataeus works on Homer
J46, 202, ii. 3, 15, 21, 23, 143, iv. 8, 36); but, on and Hesiod, but makes no mention of the historical
the contrary, it is evident that Herodotus looked works which we have enumerated. The fragments
upon him as a rival, whom it was worth while endea- of Hecatreus of Abdera have been collected by P.
vouring to refute and excel, and that he actually did Zom, Hecataei Abderitae Fragmenta, Altona, 1730,
excel him, does not require to be proved in this 8vo. (Comp. Creuzer, Hist. Graec. Antiquiss.
place. Herodotus knew the works of Hecataeus Fragm. p. 28, &c. ; Vossius, De Hist. Graec. p.
well, and undoubtedly availed himself of them; 86, &c. , ed. Westermann. )
but the charge of Porphyrius (ap. Euseb. Praep. 3. Of Teos, an historian, who is mentioned only
Eoung. x. p. 466), that Herodotus literally tran- by Strabo (xiv. p. 644), and is considered by Ukert
scribed whole passages from Hecataeus is wholly (Ibid. p. 12) to be no other than Hecataeus of
without foundation. (Comp. Hermog. De Form. Abdera.
Orat. ii. 12; Dionys. Jud. de Thucyd. 5; Diod. i. 4. Of Eretria, is mentioned by Plutarch ( Alex.
37 ; Strab. i. p. 18; Suidas. ) Řespecting the 26) among the historians of Alexander the Great,
style of Hecataeus, Strabo says, that though prose, buć is otherwise altogether unknown. Schweig-
it approached very nearly to poetry, and Hermo- hauser (ad Athen. ii. p. 70) conjectures that he is the
genes (1. c. ) praises it for its simplicity, purity, islander to whom Callimachus attributed the mepi-
clearness, and sweetness, and adds that the lan-trous tis 'Agias; but Creuzer (l. c. p. 85) be
guage was the pure and unmixed Ionic dialect, lieves, with far greater probability, that the epithet
The fragments of the Genealogies are collected ó 'Epezpieus in Plutarch is a mistake, and that this
in Creuzer's Histor. Graec. Antiquissimorum Frag Hecataeus is no other than Hecataeus of Abdera,
## p. 364 (#380) ############################################
364
HECATE.
HECATOMNUS.
who is repeatedly mentioned among the historians (Orph. Lith. 48 ; Schol
. ad Theoer. I. c. ; Apollon.
of Alexander, of whom he must have had frequent Rhod. ii. 1211; Lycoph. 1175; Horat. Sui. i. 8.
occasions to speak in his history of Egypt. (L. S. ) 35; Virg. Aen. vi. 257. ) By Phorcos she bocame
HECATAEUS, a statuary and silver-chaser of the mother of Scylla. (Apollon. Rhod. ir. 829;
some note, who seems, from the way in which he comp. Hom. Od. xii. 124. ) There is another very
is mentioned by Pliny, to have been a native of important feature which arose out of the notion of
Mytilene, and to have lived not long before the her being an inſernal divinity, namely, she was re-
time of Pompey the Great. (Plin. 8. N. xxxiii. garded as a spectral being, who at night sent from
12. 8. 55; xxxiv. 8. s. 19. § 25. ) (P. S. ) the lower world all kinds of demons and terrible
HE'CATE ('Ekátn), a mysterious divinity, who, phantoms, who taught sorcery and witchcraft, who
according to the most common tradition, was a dwelt at places where two roads crossed each
daughter of Persaeus or Perses and Asteria, whence other, on tombs, and near the blood of murdered
she is called Perseis. (Apollod. i. 2. & 4; Apollon. persons. She herself too wanders about with the
Rhod. iii. 478. ) Others describe her as a daughter souls of the dead, and her approach is announced
of Zeus and Denieter, and state that she was sent hy the whining and howling of dogs. (Apollon.
out by her father in search of Persephone (Schol. Rhod. iii. 529, 861, iv. 829; Theocrit. h. c. ; 0v.
ad Theocrit. ii. 12); others agnin' make her alleroid. xii. 168, Met. xiv. 405; Sut. Theb. iv. 428;
daughter of Zeus either by Pheraea or by Hera Virg. Aen. iv. 609; Orph. Lith. 45, 47; Eustath.
(Tzetz. ad Lyc. 1175; Schol ad Theocrit. ii. 36); ad Hom. p. 1197, 1887 ; Diod. iv. 45. ) A number
and others, lastly, say that she was a daughter of of epithets given her by the poets contain allusions
Leto or Tartarus. (Procl. in Plat. Cratyl. p. 112; to these features of the popular belief, or to her
Orph. Argon. 975. ) Homer does not mention her. form. She is described as of terrible appearance,
According to the most genuine traditions, she ap either with three bodies or three heads, the one of
pears to have been an ancient Thracian divinity, a horse, the second of a dog, and the third of a
and a Titan, who, from the time of the Titans, lion. (Orph. Argon. 975, &c. ; Eustath. ad Hom.
ruled in heaven, on the earth, and in the sea, who pp. 1467, 1714. ) In works of art she was some-
bestowed on mortals wealth, victory, wisdom, good times represented as a single being, but sometimes
luck to sailors and hunters, and prosperity to youth also as a three-headed monster. (Paus. ii. 28. $ 8.
and to the flocks of cattle ; but all these blessings 30. § 2. ) Besides Samothrace and Aegina, we
might at the same time be withheld by her, if find express mention of her worship at Argos
mortals did not deserve them. She was the only (Paus. ii. 30. & 2. ) and at Athens, where she had
one among the Titans who retained this power a sanctuary under the name of 'En it upyedia, on the
under the rule of Zeus, and she was honoured by acropolis, not far from the temple of Nice. (Paus.
all the immortal gods. She also assisted the gods ii. 30. $ 2. ) Small statues or symbolical representa-
in their war with the Gigantes, and slew Clytius. tions of Hecate (érátala) were very numerous,
(Hes. Theog. 411–452; Apollod. i. 6. $ 2. ) This especially at Athens, where they stood before or in
extensive power possessed by Hecate was probably houses, and on spots where two roads crossed each
the reason that subsequently she was confounded other; and it would seem that people consulted
and identified with several other divinities, and at such Hecataea as oracles. (Aristoph. Vesp. 816,
length became a mystic goddess, to whom mysteries Lysistr. 64; Eurip. Med. 396 ; Porphyr.
de Ab
were celebrated in Samothrace (Lycoph. 77 ; Schol. stin. ii. 16; Hesych. s. v. 'Exátala. ) At the close
ad Aristoph. Pac. 277) and in Aegina (Paus. ii. of every month dishes with food were set out for
30. & 2; comp. Plut. de Flum. 5. ) For being as her and other averters of evil at the points where
it were the of all nature, we find her identi- two roads crossed each other; and this food was
fied with Demeter, Rhea (Cybele or Brimo); being consumed by poor people. (Aristoph. Plut. 596;
a huntress and the protector of youth, she is the Plut. Sympos. vii. 6. ) The sacrifices offered to her
same as Artemis (Curotrophos); and as a god- consisted of dngs, honey, and black female lambs.
dess of the moon, she is regarded as the mystic (Plut. Quaest. Rom. 49; Schol ad Theocrit. ii. 12;
Persephone. (Hom. Hymn. in Cer. 25, with the Apollon. Rhod. iii. 1032. )
(LS. )
commentat. ; Paus. i. 43, § 1. ) She was further HECATODOʻRUS. (HYPATODORUS. )
connected with the worship of other mystic divini- HECATOMNUS ('Exatduvws), king or dynast
ties, such as the Cabeiri and Curetes (Schol. ad of Caria, in the reign of Artaxerxes Ill. He was
Theocrit. ii. 12 ; Strab. x. p. 472), and also with appointed by the Persian king to command the
Apollo and the Muses. (Athen. xiv. p. 645; Strab. naval forces destined to take part in the war
x. p. 468. ). The ground-work of the above-men- against Evagoras of Cyprus (Theopomp. ap. Phot.
tioned confusions and identifications, especially with p. 120 a; Diod. xiv. 98); but the operations of
Demeter and Persephone, is contained in the Ho- the war were at that time allowed to linger; and
meric hymn to Demeter; for, according to this it appears that Hecatomnus himself shared in the
hymn, she was, besides Helios, the only divinity spirit of disaffection towards Persia at that time so
who, from her cave, observed the abduction of Perse- general; as when hostilities were at length re
phone. With a torch in her hand, she accompanied sumed in earnest against Evagoras, be not only
Demeter in the search after Persephone; and when took no part in support of the Persian monarchy,
the latter was found, Hecate remained with her as but secretly supplied Evagoras with sums of money
her attendant and companion. She thus becomes a to raise mercenary troops. (Diod. xv. 2. ) NO
deity of the lower world ; but this notion does not notice, however, seems to have been taken of this
occur till the time of the Greek tragedians, though act of treachery, a circumstance for which the dis-
it is generally current among the later writers. She organised state of the Persian monarchy will fully
is described in this capacity as a mighty and for- account: and Hecatomnus continued to hold pos-
midable divinity, ruling over the souls of the de- session of Caria in a state of virtual independence
parted; she is the goddess of purifications and until his death. The date of this cannot be ascer-
expiations, and is accompanied by Stygian dogs. tained with certainty, but we learn from Isocrates
queen
ܪ
## p. 365 (#381) ############################################
HECTOR
365
HECTOR.
(Panegyr. p. 74 d) that he was still ruling in B. c. | Greeks to single 'combat. No one ventured to
380. Clinton has suggested that the date B. C. come forward except Menelaus, who, however, was
279, assigned by Pliny for the death of Maussolus, dissuaded from it by his friends. The lot then fell
was in fact that of the commencement of his reign, upon the Telamonian Ajax. Hector was wounded,
and the death of his father, Hecatomnus. (Plin. and at nightfall the barile ceased, and the two
H. N. xxxvi. 6. ) He left three sons, Maussolus, heroes honoured ench other with presents. After
Idrieus, and Pixodarus, all of whom, in their turn, this he again distinguished himself by various
succeeded him in the sovereignty; and two feats (viii. 307, &c. , X. 299, &c. , xi. 163, &c. ) In
daughters, Artemisia and Ada, who were married, the fierce battle in the camp of the Greeks, he was
according to the Asiatic custom, to their brothers struck with a stone by Ajax, and carried away
Maussolus and Idrieus. (Strab. xiv. p. 656; Arr. from the field of battle (xiv. 402). A pollo cured
Anab. i. 23. ) Hecatomnus was a native of Mylasa, his wound, and then led him back to batile. He
and made that city his capital and the seat of his there repelled Ajax, and fire was set to the ships
government: hence we find on his coins the figure of the Greeks (xv. 253, &c. xvi. 114, &c. ). In the
of Zeus Labrandenos (represented as walking and encounter with Patroclus, he at first gave way, but,
carrying a bipennis over his shoulder), from the encouraged by Apollo, he returned, fought with
celebrated temple of that pame near Mylasa. (Strab. Patroclus, slew him, took off his armour, and put it
xiv. p. 659 ; Eckhel, vol. ii. p. 596. ) [E. H. B. ) on himself (xvi. 654. &c. , xvii. 192). Thereupon a
HECA'TON ('Exdtwr), a Stoic philosopher, a vehement contest took place about the body of Patro-
native of Rhodes. All that we know of his per- clus, which Hector refused to give up. Polydamas
sonal history is contained in a passage of Cicero advised him to withdraw to the city before the ar-
(de Off. ii. 15); but besides the name of his birth- rival of Achilles, but the Trojan hero refused (xviii.
place we leam nothing more from it than that he 160,&c. ). Apollo forbade Hector to enter upon a
studied under Panaetius. He seems also to have contest with Achilles ; but when the two heroes
been closely connected with the principal Stoic met, they were protected by Apollo and Athena
philosophers of his age. Of his soniewhat volu- (xx. 375, &c. ). The Trojans Aed, but Hector,
minous writings nothing now remains. He was although called back by his parents in the most
the author of the following treatises :- De Officiis imploring terms, remained and awaited Achilles.
(Cic. de Off: iii. 15, 23) ; Nepi dyabw, in at least When, however, the latter made his appearance,
nineteen books ; Περί αρετών; Περί παθών ; Περί | Hector took to fight, and was chased thrice around
TEACô; Nepi tapadó[wv, in at least thirteen books; the city (xxii. 90, &c. ). His fall was now deter-
Xpeial (Diog. Laërt. vii. 103, 101, 127, 125, mined on by Zeus and Athena ; and assuming the
90, 110, 87, 102, 124, 26, 172, vi. 4, 32, 95. ) appearance of Deiphobus, Athena urged him to
Hecaton is also frequently mentioned by Seneca in make his stand against the pursuer. Hector was
his treatise De Beneficiis. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. conquered, and fell pierced by the spear of Achilles
iii. 563. )
(C. P. M. ] (xxii. 182—330; comp. Dict. Cret. ii. 15). Achilles
HECTOR ("EkTwp), the chief hero of the Tro- tied his body to his own chariot, and thus dragged
jans in their war with the Greeks, was the eldest him into the camp of the Greeks; but later tradi-
son of Priam by Hecabe, the husband of Andro- tions relate that he first dragged the body thrice
mache, and father of Scamandrius. (Hom. Il. i. around the walls of llium. (Virg. Aen. i. 483. )
817; Apollod. iii. 12. & 5; Theocrit. xv. 139. ) | In the camp the body was thrown into the dust,
Some traditions describe him as a son of Apollo that it might be devoured by the dogs. But Aphro-
(Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 265; Schol. Venet. ad Il. iii. dite embalmed it with ambrosia, and Apollo pro-
314. ), and speak of him as the father of two sons tected it by a cloud. At the command of Zeus,
by Andromache, viz. Scamandrius and Laodamas, however, Achilles surrendered the body to the
or Amphineus. (Dict.
J46, 202, ii. 3, 15, 21, 23, 143, iv. 8, 36); but, on and Hesiod, but makes no mention of the historical
the contrary, it is evident that Herodotus looked works which we have enumerated. The fragments
upon him as a rival, whom it was worth while endea- of Hecatreus of Abdera have been collected by P.
vouring to refute and excel, and that he actually did Zom, Hecataei Abderitae Fragmenta, Altona, 1730,
excel him, does not require to be proved in this 8vo. (Comp. Creuzer, Hist. Graec. Antiquiss.
place. Herodotus knew the works of Hecataeus Fragm. p. 28, &c. ; Vossius, De Hist. Graec. p.
well, and undoubtedly availed himself of them; 86, &c. , ed. Westermann. )
but the charge of Porphyrius (ap. Euseb. Praep. 3. Of Teos, an historian, who is mentioned only
Eoung. x. p. 466), that Herodotus literally tran- by Strabo (xiv. p. 644), and is considered by Ukert
scribed whole passages from Hecataeus is wholly (Ibid. p. 12) to be no other than Hecataeus of
without foundation. (Comp. Hermog. De Form. Abdera.
Orat. ii. 12; Dionys. Jud. de Thucyd. 5; Diod. i. 4. Of Eretria, is mentioned by Plutarch ( Alex.
37 ; Strab. i. p. 18; Suidas. ) Řespecting the 26) among the historians of Alexander the Great,
style of Hecataeus, Strabo says, that though prose, buć is otherwise altogether unknown. Schweig-
it approached very nearly to poetry, and Hermo- hauser (ad Athen. ii. p. 70) conjectures that he is the
genes (1. c. ) praises it for its simplicity, purity, islander to whom Callimachus attributed the mepi-
clearness, and sweetness, and adds that the lan-trous tis 'Agias; but Creuzer (l. c. p. 85) be
guage was the pure and unmixed Ionic dialect, lieves, with far greater probability, that the epithet
The fragments of the Genealogies are collected ó 'Epezpieus in Plutarch is a mistake, and that this
in Creuzer's Histor. Graec. Antiquissimorum Frag Hecataeus is no other than Hecataeus of Abdera,
## p. 364 (#380) ############################################
364
HECATE.
HECATOMNUS.
who is repeatedly mentioned among the historians (Orph. Lith. 48 ; Schol
. ad Theoer. I. c. ; Apollon.
of Alexander, of whom he must have had frequent Rhod. ii. 1211; Lycoph. 1175; Horat. Sui. i. 8.
occasions to speak in his history of Egypt. (L. S. ) 35; Virg. Aen. vi. 257. ) By Phorcos she bocame
HECATAEUS, a statuary and silver-chaser of the mother of Scylla. (Apollon. Rhod. ir. 829;
some note, who seems, from the way in which he comp. Hom. Od. xii. 124. ) There is another very
is mentioned by Pliny, to have been a native of important feature which arose out of the notion of
Mytilene, and to have lived not long before the her being an inſernal divinity, namely, she was re-
time of Pompey the Great. (Plin. 8. N. xxxiii. garded as a spectral being, who at night sent from
12. 8. 55; xxxiv. 8. s. 19. § 25. ) (P. S. ) the lower world all kinds of demons and terrible
HE'CATE ('Ekátn), a mysterious divinity, who, phantoms, who taught sorcery and witchcraft, who
according to the most common tradition, was a dwelt at places where two roads crossed each
daughter of Persaeus or Perses and Asteria, whence other, on tombs, and near the blood of murdered
she is called Perseis. (Apollod. i. 2. & 4; Apollon. persons. She herself too wanders about with the
Rhod. iii. 478. ) Others describe her as a daughter souls of the dead, and her approach is announced
of Zeus and Denieter, and state that she was sent hy the whining and howling of dogs. (Apollon.
out by her father in search of Persephone (Schol. Rhod. iii. 529, 861, iv. 829; Theocrit. h. c. ; 0v.
ad Theocrit. ii. 12); others agnin' make her alleroid. xii. 168, Met. xiv. 405; Sut. Theb. iv. 428;
daughter of Zeus either by Pheraea or by Hera Virg. Aen. iv. 609; Orph. Lith. 45, 47; Eustath.
(Tzetz. ad Lyc. 1175; Schol ad Theocrit. ii. 36); ad Hom. p. 1197, 1887 ; Diod. iv. 45. ) A number
and others, lastly, say that she was a daughter of of epithets given her by the poets contain allusions
Leto or Tartarus. (Procl. in Plat. Cratyl. p. 112; to these features of the popular belief, or to her
Orph. Argon. 975. ) Homer does not mention her. form. She is described as of terrible appearance,
According to the most genuine traditions, she ap either with three bodies or three heads, the one of
pears to have been an ancient Thracian divinity, a horse, the second of a dog, and the third of a
and a Titan, who, from the time of the Titans, lion. (Orph. Argon. 975, &c. ; Eustath. ad Hom.
ruled in heaven, on the earth, and in the sea, who pp. 1467, 1714. ) In works of art she was some-
bestowed on mortals wealth, victory, wisdom, good times represented as a single being, but sometimes
luck to sailors and hunters, and prosperity to youth also as a three-headed monster. (Paus. ii. 28. $ 8.
and to the flocks of cattle ; but all these blessings 30. § 2. ) Besides Samothrace and Aegina, we
might at the same time be withheld by her, if find express mention of her worship at Argos
mortals did not deserve them. She was the only (Paus. ii. 30. & 2. ) and at Athens, where she had
one among the Titans who retained this power a sanctuary under the name of 'En it upyedia, on the
under the rule of Zeus, and she was honoured by acropolis, not far from the temple of Nice. (Paus.
all the immortal gods. She also assisted the gods ii. 30. $ 2. ) Small statues or symbolical representa-
in their war with the Gigantes, and slew Clytius. tions of Hecate (érátala) were very numerous,
(Hes. Theog. 411–452; Apollod. i. 6. $ 2. ) This especially at Athens, where they stood before or in
extensive power possessed by Hecate was probably houses, and on spots where two roads crossed each
the reason that subsequently she was confounded other; and it would seem that people consulted
and identified with several other divinities, and at such Hecataea as oracles. (Aristoph. Vesp. 816,
length became a mystic goddess, to whom mysteries Lysistr. 64; Eurip. Med. 396 ; Porphyr.
de Ab
were celebrated in Samothrace (Lycoph. 77 ; Schol. stin. ii. 16; Hesych. s. v. 'Exátala. ) At the close
ad Aristoph. Pac. 277) and in Aegina (Paus. ii. of every month dishes with food were set out for
30. & 2; comp. Plut. de Flum. 5. ) For being as her and other averters of evil at the points where
it were the of all nature, we find her identi- two roads crossed each other; and this food was
fied with Demeter, Rhea (Cybele or Brimo); being consumed by poor people. (Aristoph. Plut. 596;
a huntress and the protector of youth, she is the Plut. Sympos. vii. 6. ) The sacrifices offered to her
same as Artemis (Curotrophos); and as a god- consisted of dngs, honey, and black female lambs.
dess of the moon, she is regarded as the mystic (Plut. Quaest. Rom. 49; Schol ad Theocrit. ii. 12;
Persephone. (Hom. Hymn. in Cer. 25, with the Apollon. Rhod. iii. 1032. )
(LS. )
commentat. ; Paus. i. 43, § 1. ) She was further HECATODOʻRUS. (HYPATODORUS. )
connected with the worship of other mystic divini- HECATOMNUS ('Exatduvws), king or dynast
ties, such as the Cabeiri and Curetes (Schol. ad of Caria, in the reign of Artaxerxes Ill. He was
Theocrit. ii. 12 ; Strab. x. p. 472), and also with appointed by the Persian king to command the
Apollo and the Muses. (Athen. xiv. p. 645; Strab. naval forces destined to take part in the war
x. p. 468. ). The ground-work of the above-men- against Evagoras of Cyprus (Theopomp. ap. Phot.
tioned confusions and identifications, especially with p. 120 a; Diod. xiv. 98); but the operations of
Demeter and Persephone, is contained in the Ho- the war were at that time allowed to linger; and
meric hymn to Demeter; for, according to this it appears that Hecatomnus himself shared in the
hymn, she was, besides Helios, the only divinity spirit of disaffection towards Persia at that time so
who, from her cave, observed the abduction of Perse- general; as when hostilities were at length re
phone. With a torch in her hand, she accompanied sumed in earnest against Evagoras, be not only
Demeter in the search after Persephone; and when took no part in support of the Persian monarchy,
the latter was found, Hecate remained with her as but secretly supplied Evagoras with sums of money
her attendant and companion. She thus becomes a to raise mercenary troops. (Diod. xv. 2. ) NO
deity of the lower world ; but this notion does not notice, however, seems to have been taken of this
occur till the time of the Greek tragedians, though act of treachery, a circumstance for which the dis-
it is generally current among the later writers. She organised state of the Persian monarchy will fully
is described in this capacity as a mighty and for- account: and Hecatomnus continued to hold pos-
midable divinity, ruling over the souls of the de- session of Caria in a state of virtual independence
parted; she is the goddess of purifications and until his death. The date of this cannot be ascer-
expiations, and is accompanied by Stygian dogs. tained with certainty, but we learn from Isocrates
queen
ܪ
## p. 365 (#381) ############################################
HECTOR
365
HECTOR.
(Panegyr. p. 74 d) that he was still ruling in B. c. | Greeks to single 'combat. No one ventured to
380. Clinton has suggested that the date B. C. come forward except Menelaus, who, however, was
279, assigned by Pliny for the death of Maussolus, dissuaded from it by his friends. The lot then fell
was in fact that of the commencement of his reign, upon the Telamonian Ajax. Hector was wounded,
and the death of his father, Hecatomnus. (Plin. and at nightfall the barile ceased, and the two
H. N. xxxvi. 6. ) He left three sons, Maussolus, heroes honoured ench other with presents. After
Idrieus, and Pixodarus, all of whom, in their turn, this he again distinguished himself by various
succeeded him in the sovereignty; and two feats (viii. 307, &c. , X. 299, &c. , xi. 163, &c. ) In
daughters, Artemisia and Ada, who were married, the fierce battle in the camp of the Greeks, he was
according to the Asiatic custom, to their brothers struck with a stone by Ajax, and carried away
Maussolus and Idrieus. (Strab. xiv. p. 656; Arr. from the field of battle (xiv. 402). A pollo cured
Anab. i. 23. ) Hecatomnus was a native of Mylasa, his wound, and then led him back to batile. He
and made that city his capital and the seat of his there repelled Ajax, and fire was set to the ships
government: hence we find on his coins the figure of the Greeks (xv. 253, &c. xvi. 114, &c. ). In the
of Zeus Labrandenos (represented as walking and encounter with Patroclus, he at first gave way, but,
carrying a bipennis over his shoulder), from the encouraged by Apollo, he returned, fought with
celebrated temple of that pame near Mylasa. (Strab. Patroclus, slew him, took off his armour, and put it
xiv. p. 659 ; Eckhel, vol. ii. p. 596. ) [E. H. B. ) on himself (xvi. 654. &c. , xvii. 192). Thereupon a
HECA'TON ('Exdtwr), a Stoic philosopher, a vehement contest took place about the body of Patro-
native of Rhodes. All that we know of his per- clus, which Hector refused to give up. Polydamas
sonal history is contained in a passage of Cicero advised him to withdraw to the city before the ar-
(de Off. ii. 15); but besides the name of his birth- rival of Achilles, but the Trojan hero refused (xviii.
place we leam nothing more from it than that he 160,&c. ). Apollo forbade Hector to enter upon a
studied under Panaetius. He seems also to have contest with Achilles ; but when the two heroes
been closely connected with the principal Stoic met, they were protected by Apollo and Athena
philosophers of his age. Of his soniewhat volu- (xx. 375, &c. ). The Trojans Aed, but Hector,
minous writings nothing now remains. He was although called back by his parents in the most
the author of the following treatises :- De Officiis imploring terms, remained and awaited Achilles.
(Cic. de Off: iii. 15, 23) ; Nepi dyabw, in at least When, however, the latter made his appearance,
nineteen books ; Περί αρετών; Περί παθών ; Περί | Hector took to fight, and was chased thrice around
TEACô; Nepi tapadó[wv, in at least thirteen books; the city (xxii. 90, &c. ). His fall was now deter-
Xpeial (Diog. Laërt. vii. 103, 101, 127, 125, mined on by Zeus and Athena ; and assuming the
90, 110, 87, 102, 124, 26, 172, vi. 4, 32, 95. ) appearance of Deiphobus, Athena urged him to
Hecaton is also frequently mentioned by Seneca in make his stand against the pursuer. Hector was
his treatise De Beneficiis. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. conquered, and fell pierced by the spear of Achilles
iii. 563. )
(C. P. M. ] (xxii. 182—330; comp. Dict. Cret. ii. 15). Achilles
HECTOR ("EkTwp), the chief hero of the Tro- tied his body to his own chariot, and thus dragged
jans in their war with the Greeks, was the eldest him into the camp of the Greeks; but later tradi-
son of Priam by Hecabe, the husband of Andro- tions relate that he first dragged the body thrice
mache, and father of Scamandrius. (Hom. Il. i. around the walls of llium. (Virg. Aen. i. 483. )
817; Apollod. iii. 12. & 5; Theocrit. xv. 139. ) | In the camp the body was thrown into the dust,
Some traditions describe him as a son of Apollo that it might be devoured by the dogs. But Aphro-
(Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 265; Schol. Venet. ad Il. iii. dite embalmed it with ambrosia, and Apollo pro-
314. ), and speak of him as the father of two sons tected it by a cloud. At the command of Zeus,
by Andromache, viz. Scamandrius and Laodamas, however, Achilles surrendered the body to the
or Amphineus. (Dict.
