The
suspicions
of Claudius
AGRIPPA, D.
AGRIPPA, D.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
69) he was appointed to examine the sacred at the foot of the Grampian hills.
In this campaign
property of the temples, that Nero's system of his fleet sailed northwards from the coast of Fife
robbery (Sueton. Ner. 32) might be stopped. In round Britain to the Trutulensian harbour (sup
the same year he lost his mother; it was in re posed to be Sandwich), thus for the first time dis-
turning from her funeral in Liguria, that he heard covering Britain to be an island. He withdrew
of Vespasian's accession, and immediately joined his army into winter quarters, and soon after (A. D.
his party. Under Vespasian his first service was 84) was recalled by the jealous Domitian.
the command of the 20th legion in Britain. (A. D. On his return to Rome, he lived in retirement,
70. ) On his return, he was raised by the emperor and when the government either of Asia or Africa
to the rank of patrician, and set over the province would bare fallen to him, he considered it more
of Aquitania, which be held for three years. (A. D. prudent to decline the honour. He died A. D. 93;
74-76. ) He was recalled to Rome to be elected his death was, as his biographer plainly hints,
consul (A. D. 77), and Britain, the great scene of either immediately caused or certainly hastened
his power, was given to him, by general consent, by the emissaries of the emperor, who could not
as his province.
bear the presence of a man pointed out by univer-
In this year he betrothed his daughter to the sal feeling as alone_fit to meet the exigency of
historian Tacitus; in the following he gave her to times in which the Roman arms had suffered re-
him in marriage, and was made governor of Britain, peated reverses in Germany and the countries
and one of the college of pontiffs.
north of the Danube. Dion Cassius (lxvi. 20) says
Agricola was the twelfth Roman general who expressly, that he was killed by Domitian.
had been in Britain ; he was the only one who In this account we can do no more than refer to
completely effected the work of subjugation to the the beautiful and interesting description given by
Romans, not more by his consummate military Tacitus (Agric. 39—46) of his life during his re-
skill, than by his masterly policy in reconciling the tirement from office, his death, his person, and his
Britons to that yoke which hitherto they had so character, which though it had no field of action at
ill borne. He taught them the arts and luxuries of home in that dreary time, she wed itself during the
civilised life, to settle in towns, to build comfort- seven years in which it was unfettered in Britain,
able dwelling-houses and temples. He established as great and wise and good. (Tacitus, Agricola. )
a system of education for the sons of the British There is an epigram of Antiphilus in the Greek
chiefs, amongst whom at last the Roman language Anthology (Anth. Brunck. ii. 180) upon an Agri-
was spoken, and the Roman toga worn as a cola, which is commonly supposed to refer to the
fashionable dress.
celebrated one of this name. (C. T. A. ]
He was full seven years in Britain, from the AGRIO'NIUS ("Aypiavios), a surname of
year A. D. 78 to A. D. 84. The last conquest of his Dionysus, under which he was worshipped at
predecessor Julius Frontinus had been that of the Orchomenus in Boeotia, and from which his festi-
Silures (South Wales); and the last action of val Agrionia in that place derived its name. (Dict.
Agricola’s command was the action at the foot of of Ant. p. 30; Müller, Orchom. p. 166, &c. ) [L. S. ]
the Grampian bills, which put him in possession of AGRI'OPAS, a writer spoken of by Pliny. (H.
the whole Britain as far north as the northern N. viii. 22, where some of the MSS. have Acopas
boundary of Perth and Argyle. His first campaign or Copas. ) He was the author of an account of the
(A. D. 78) was occupied in the reconquest of Mona Olympic victors.
(C. P. M. ]
(Anglesea), and the Ordovices (North Wales), the AGRIPPA, an ancient name among the Ro
strongholds of the Druids; and the remainder of mans, was first used as a praenomen, and after-
this year, with the next, was given to making the wards as a cognomen. It frequently occurs as a
before-mentioned arrangements for the security of
the Roman dominion in the already conquered * As to whether the Taus was the Solway Frith
parts of Britain. The third campaign (A. D. 80) or the Frith of Tay, see Chalmers' Caledonia.
1
1
1
>
1
## p. 77 (#97) ##############################################
AGRIPPA.
77
AGRIPPA.
'cognomen in the early times of the empire, but not AGRIPPA, HERO'DES I. ('Hpácns 'Aypirmas),
under the republic. One of the mythical kings of called by Josephus (Ant. Jud. xvii
. 2. § 2),
Alba is called by this name. (Liv. i. 3. ) Ac- “ Agrippa the Great," was the son of Aristobulus
cording to Aulus Gellius (xvi. 16), Pliny (H. N. and Berenice, and grandson of Herod the Great.
vii. 6. s. 8), and Solinus (1), the word signifies a Shortly before the death of his grandfather, he
birth, at which the child is presented with its feet came to Roine, where he was educnted with the
foremost ; but their derivation of it from aegre par future emperor Claudius, and Drusus the son of
tus or pes is absurd enough. (Comp. Sen. Oed. 813. ) Tiberius. He squandered his property in giving
AGRIPPA ('Ayplanas), a sceptical philosopher, sumptuous entertainments to gratify his princely
only known to have lived later than Aenesidemus, friends, and in bestowing largesses on the freed-
the conteni porary of Cicero, from whom he is said men of the emperor, and became so deeply involved
to have been the fifth in descent. He is quoted in debt, that he was compelled to fly from Rome,
by Diogenes Laertius, who probably wrote about and betook himself to a fortress at Malatha in
the time of M. Antoninus. The "five grounds of Idumaea. Through the mediation of his wife
doubt” (or névte TPÓTO), which are given by Cypros, with his sister Herodias, the wife of He-
Sextus Empiricus as a summary of the later scepti- rodes Antipas, he was allowed to take up his
cism, are ascribed by Diogenes Laertius (ix. 88) to abode at Tiberias, and received the rank of aedile
Agrippa.
in that city, with a small yearly income. But hav-
1. The first of these argues from the uncertainty ing quarrelled with his brother-in-law, he fled to
of the rules of common life, and of the opinions of Flaccus, the proconsul of Syria. Soon afterwards
philosophers. II. The second from the “ rejectio he was convicted, through the information of his
ad infinitum :" all proof requires some further brother Aristobulus, of having received a bribe
proof, and so on to infinity. III. All things are from the Damascenes, who wished to purchase his
changed as their relations become changed, or, as influence with the proconsul, and was again com-
we look upon them in different points of view. pelled to fly. He was arrested as he was about to
IV. The truth asserted is merely an hypothesis or, sail for Italy, for a sum of money which he owed
V. involves a vicious circle. (Sextus Empiricus, to the treasury of Caesar, but made his escape, and
Pyrrhon. Hypot. i. 15. )
reached Alexandria, where his wife succeeded in
With reference to these Tévte Tpbrol it need procuring a supply of money from Alexander the
only be remarked, that the first and third are a Alabarch. He then set sail, and landed at Puteoli.
short summary of the ten original grounds of doubt He was favourably received by Tiberius, who en-
which were the basis of the earlier scepticism. trusted him with the education of his grandson
(PYRRHON. ] The three additional ones shew a Tiberius. He also formed an intimacy with Cajus
progress in the sceptical system, and a transition Caligula. Having one day incautiously expressed
from the common objections derived from the falli- a wish that the latter might soon succeed to the
bility of sense and opinion, to more abstract and throne, his words were reported by his freedman
metaphysical grounds of doubt. They seem to Eutychus to Tiberius, who forth with threw him
mark a new attempt to systematize the sceptical into prison. Caligula, on his accession (A. D. 37),
philosophy and adapt it to the spirit of a later age. set him at liberty, and gave him the tetrarchies of
(Ritter, Geschichte der Philosophie, xii. 4. ) [B. J. ) Lysanias (Abilene) and Philippus (Batanaen,
AGRIPPA, M. ASI'NIUS, consul A. D. 25, Trachonitis, and Auranitis). He also presented
died a. D. 26, was descended from a family more him with a golden chain of equal weight with the
illustrious than ancient, and did not disgrace it by iron one which he had worn in prison. In the
his mode of life. (Tac. Ann. iv. 34, 61. ) following year Agrippa took possession of his king-
AGRIPPA CASTOR ('Ayplinas Kdotwp), dom, and after the banishment of Herodes Antipas,
about A. D. 135, praised as a historian by Euse- the tetrarchy of the latter was added to his domi-
bius, and for his learning by St Jerome (de Viris nione
Ilustr. c. 21), lived in the reign of Hadrian. He On the death of Caligula, Agrippa, who was at
wrote against the twenty-four books of the Alex- the time in Rome, materially assisted Claudius in
andrian Gnostic Basilides, on the Gospel. Quota gaining possession of the empire. As a reward for
tions are made from his work by Eusebius. (Hist. his services, Judaea and Samaria were annexed to
Eccles. iv. 7 ; see Gallandi's Bibliotheca Patrum, his dominions, which were now even more exten-
vol. i. p. 330. )
(A. J. C. ] sive than those of Herod the Great. He was also
AGRIPPA, FONTEIUS. 1. One of the ac- invested with the consular dignity, and a leagne
cusers of Libo, A. D. 16, is again mentioned in was publicly made with him by Claudius in the
A. D. 19, as offering his daughter for a vestal vir- forum. At his request, the kingdom of Chalcis
gin. (Tac. Ann. ii. 30, 86. )
was giren to his brother Herodes. (A. D. 41. ) He
2. Probably the son of the preceding, command then went to Jerusalem, where he offered sacrifices,
ed the province of Asia with pro-consular power, and suspended in the treasury of the temple the
A. D. 69, and was recalled from thence by Vespa golden chain which Caligula had given him. His
sian, and placed over Moesia in A. D. 70. He government was mild and gentle, and he was ex-
was shortly afterwards killed in battle by the Sar- ceedingly popular amongst the Jews. In the city
matians. (Tac. Hist. iü. 46; JosepbB. Jud. of Berylus he built a theatre and amphitheatre,
vii. 4. & 3. )
baths, and porticoes.
The suspicions of Claudius
AGRIPPA, D. HATE’RIUS, called by Taci- prevented him from finishing the impregnable for-
tus (Ann. ii. 51) the propinquus of Germanicus, tifications with which he had begun to surronnd
was tribune of the plebs A. D. 15, praetor a. D. 17, Jerusalem. His friendship was courted by many
and consul A. D. 22. His moral character was of the neighbouring kings and rulers.
It was
very low, and he is spoken of in A. D. 32, as plot- probably to increase his popularity with the Jews
ting the destruction of many illustrious men. ihat he caused the apostle James, the brother of
(Tac. Ann. i. 77, ii. 51, iii. 49, 52, vi. 4. ) John, to be behcaded, and Peter to be cast into
## p. 78 (#98) ##############################################
78
AGRIPPA.
AGRIPPA.
1
1
prison. (A. D. 44. Acts, xii. ) It was not however Spartianus as privy to the death of Antoninus
merely by such acts that he strove to win their Caracallus. (Anton. Car. 6. )
favour, as we see from the way in which, at the AGRIPPA MENEʻNIUS. (MENENIUS. )
risk of his own liſe, or at least of his liberty, he AGRIPPA POʻSTUMUS, a posthumous son
interceded with Caligula on behalf of the Jews, of M. Vipsanius Agrippa, by Julia, the daughter of
when that emperor was attempting to set up his Augustus, was bom in B. c. 12. He was adopted
statue in the temple at Jerusalem. The manner by Augustus together with Tiberius in A. D. 4,
of his death, which took place at Caesarea in the and he assumed the toga virilis in the following
same year, as he was exhibiting games in honour year, A. D. 5. (Suet. Octar. 64, 65; Dion Cass.
of the emperor, is related in Acts xii. , and is con- liv. 29, 1v. 22. ) Notwithstanding his adoption he
firmed in all essential points by Josephus, who was afterwards banished by Augustus to the island
repeats Agrippa's words, in which he acknowledged of Planasia, on the coast of Corsica, a disgrace
the justice of the punishment thus inflicted on hiin. which he incurred on account of his savage and
After lingering five days, he expired, in the fifty- intractable character ; but he was not guilty of
fourth year of his age.
any crime. There he was under the surveillance
By his wife Cypros he had a son named Agrippa, of soldiers, and Augustus obtained a senatuscon-
and three daughters, Berenice, who first married sultum by which the banishment was legally con-
her uncle Herodes, king of Chalcis, afterwards formed for the time of his life. The property of
lived with her brother Agrippa, and subsequently Agrippa was assigned by Augustus to the treasury
married Polamo, king of Cilicia ; she is alluded io of the army. It is said that during his captivity
by Juvenal (Sut. vi. 156); Mariamne, and Drusilla, he received the visit Augustus, who secretly
who married Felix, the procurator of Judaea. (Jo- went to Planasia, accompanied by Fabius Maxi-
seph. Ant. Jud. xvii. 1. $ 2, xvili. 5-8, xix. 4-8; mus. Augustus and Agrippa, both deeply affected,
Bell. Jud. i 28. § 1, ii. 9. 11; Dion Cass. lx. 8; shed tears when they met, and it was believ-
Euseb. Hist. Eccles. ii. 10. ) (C. P. M. ) ed that Agrippa would be restored to liberty,
AGRIPPA, HERO'DES II. , the son of Agrippa But the news of this visit reached Livia the
I. , was educated at the court of the emperor Clau- mother of Tiberius, and Agrippa remained a cap
dius, and at the time of his father's death was only tive. After the accession of Tiberius, in A. D. 14,
seventeen years old. Claudius therefore kept him | Agrippa was murdered by a centurion, who en-
at Rome, and sent Cuspius Fadus as procurator of tered his prison and killed him after a long
the kingdom, which thus again became a Roman struggle, for Agrippa was a man of great bodily
province. On the death of Herodes, king of strength. When the centurion afterwards went to
Chalcis (A. D. 48), his little principality, with the Tiberius to give him an account of the execution,
right of superintending the temple and appointing the emperor denied having given any order for it,
the high priest, was given to Agrippa, who four and it is very probuble that Livia was the secret
years afterwards received in its stead the tetrar. author of the crime. There was a rumour that
chies formerly held by Philip and Lysanias, with Augustus had left an order for the execution of
the title of king. In a. D. 55, Nero added the Agrippa, but this is positively contradicted by
cities of Tiberias and Taricheae in Galilee, and Tacitus. (Tac. Ann. i. 3–6; Dion Cass. lv, 3:2,
Julias, with fourteen villages near it, in Persea. Ivii. 3; Suet. l. c, Tib. 22 ; Vellei. ï. 104, 112. )
Agrippa expended large sums in beautifying Jeru- After the death of Agrippa, a slave of the name
salem and other cities, especially Berytus. His of Clemens, who was not informed of the murder,
partiality for the latter rendered him unpopular landed on Planasia with the intention of restoring
amongst his own subjects, and the capricions man- Agrippa to liberty and carrying him off to the
ner in which he appointed and deposed the high army in Germany. When he heard of what had
priests, with some other acts which were distasteful, taken place, he tried to profit by his great resem-
made him an object of dislike to the Jews. Be- blance to the murdered captive, and he gave him-
fore the outbreak of the war with the Romans, self out as Agrippa. He landed at Ostia, and
Agrippa attempted in vain to dissuade the people found many who believed him, or affected to
from rebelling. When the war was begun, he believe him, but he was seized and put to death
sided with the Romans, and was wounded at the by order of Tiberius. (Tac. Ann. ii. 39, 40. )
siege of Gamala. After the capture of Jerusalem, The name of Agrippa Caesar is found on a medal
he went with his sister Berenice to Rome, where of Corinth.
[W. P. )
he was invested with the dignity of praetor. He AGRIPPA, VIBULE'NUS, a Roman knight,
died in the seventieth year of his age, in the third who took poison in the senate house at the time of
year of the reign of Trajan. He was the last bis trial, a. D. 36; he had brought the poison with
prince of the house of the Herods. It was before him in a ring. (Tac. Ann. vi. 40; Dion. Cass.
this Agrippa that the apostle Paul made his de- rüi. 21. )
fence. (A. D. 60. Acts. xxv. xxvi. ) He lived on AGRIPPA, M. VIPSA'NIUS, was born in
terms of intimacy with the bistorian Josephus, B. C. 63. He was the son of Lucius, and was de
who has preserved two of the letters he received scended from a very obscure family. At the age
from him. (Joseph. Ant. Jud. xvii. 5. 4, xix. 9. of twenty be studied at Apollonia in Illyria, toge
§ 2, xx. 1. $ 3, 5. § 2, 7. $ 1, 8. § 4 &11, 9. & 4; ther with young Octavius, afterwards Octavianus
Bell. Jud. ü. 11. $ 6, 12. $ 1,16, 17. $ 1, iv. 1. $ 3; and Augustus. After the murder of J. Caesar ia
Vit. &. 54; Phot. cod. 33. )
[C. P. M. ] B. C. 44, Agrippa was one of those intimate friends
AGRIPPA, MARCIUS, a man of the lowest of Octarius, who advised him to proceed immedi-
origin, was appointed by Macrinus in B. c. 217, ately to Rome. Octavius took Agrippa with him,
first to the government of Pannonia and after and charged him to receive the oath of fidelity from
wards to that of Dacia. (Dion. Cass. lxxviii. 13. ) several legions which had declared in his favour.
He seems to be the same person as the Marcius Having been chosen consul in B. C. 43, Octavius
Agrippa, admiral of the feet, who is mentioned by gave to his friend Agrippa the delicate commission
## p. 79 (#99) ##############################################
AGRIPPA.
70
AGRIPPA.
Antonija
EN108)
mas
daughter !
*as adopted
in .
property of the temples, that Nero's system of his fleet sailed northwards from the coast of Fife
robbery (Sueton. Ner. 32) might be stopped. In round Britain to the Trutulensian harbour (sup
the same year he lost his mother; it was in re posed to be Sandwich), thus for the first time dis-
turning from her funeral in Liguria, that he heard covering Britain to be an island. He withdrew
of Vespasian's accession, and immediately joined his army into winter quarters, and soon after (A. D.
his party. Under Vespasian his first service was 84) was recalled by the jealous Domitian.
the command of the 20th legion in Britain. (A. D. On his return to Rome, he lived in retirement,
70. ) On his return, he was raised by the emperor and when the government either of Asia or Africa
to the rank of patrician, and set over the province would bare fallen to him, he considered it more
of Aquitania, which be held for three years. (A. D. prudent to decline the honour. He died A. D. 93;
74-76. ) He was recalled to Rome to be elected his death was, as his biographer plainly hints,
consul (A. D. 77), and Britain, the great scene of either immediately caused or certainly hastened
his power, was given to him, by general consent, by the emissaries of the emperor, who could not
as his province.
bear the presence of a man pointed out by univer-
In this year he betrothed his daughter to the sal feeling as alone_fit to meet the exigency of
historian Tacitus; in the following he gave her to times in which the Roman arms had suffered re-
him in marriage, and was made governor of Britain, peated reverses in Germany and the countries
and one of the college of pontiffs.
north of the Danube. Dion Cassius (lxvi. 20) says
Agricola was the twelfth Roman general who expressly, that he was killed by Domitian.
had been in Britain ; he was the only one who In this account we can do no more than refer to
completely effected the work of subjugation to the the beautiful and interesting description given by
Romans, not more by his consummate military Tacitus (Agric. 39—46) of his life during his re-
skill, than by his masterly policy in reconciling the tirement from office, his death, his person, and his
Britons to that yoke which hitherto they had so character, which though it had no field of action at
ill borne. He taught them the arts and luxuries of home in that dreary time, she wed itself during the
civilised life, to settle in towns, to build comfort- seven years in which it was unfettered in Britain,
able dwelling-houses and temples. He established as great and wise and good. (Tacitus, Agricola. )
a system of education for the sons of the British There is an epigram of Antiphilus in the Greek
chiefs, amongst whom at last the Roman language Anthology (Anth. Brunck. ii. 180) upon an Agri-
was spoken, and the Roman toga worn as a cola, which is commonly supposed to refer to the
fashionable dress.
celebrated one of this name. (C. T. A. ]
He was full seven years in Britain, from the AGRIO'NIUS ("Aypiavios), a surname of
year A. D. 78 to A. D. 84. The last conquest of his Dionysus, under which he was worshipped at
predecessor Julius Frontinus had been that of the Orchomenus in Boeotia, and from which his festi-
Silures (South Wales); and the last action of val Agrionia in that place derived its name. (Dict.
Agricola’s command was the action at the foot of of Ant. p. 30; Müller, Orchom. p. 166, &c. ) [L. S. ]
the Grampian bills, which put him in possession of AGRI'OPAS, a writer spoken of by Pliny. (H.
the whole Britain as far north as the northern N. viii. 22, where some of the MSS. have Acopas
boundary of Perth and Argyle. His first campaign or Copas. ) He was the author of an account of the
(A. D. 78) was occupied in the reconquest of Mona Olympic victors.
(C. P. M. ]
(Anglesea), and the Ordovices (North Wales), the AGRIPPA, an ancient name among the Ro
strongholds of the Druids; and the remainder of mans, was first used as a praenomen, and after-
this year, with the next, was given to making the wards as a cognomen. It frequently occurs as a
before-mentioned arrangements for the security of
the Roman dominion in the already conquered * As to whether the Taus was the Solway Frith
parts of Britain. The third campaign (A. D. 80) or the Frith of Tay, see Chalmers' Caledonia.
1
1
1
>
1
## p. 77 (#97) ##############################################
AGRIPPA.
77
AGRIPPA.
'cognomen in the early times of the empire, but not AGRIPPA, HERO'DES I. ('Hpácns 'Aypirmas),
under the republic. One of the mythical kings of called by Josephus (Ant. Jud. xvii
. 2. § 2),
Alba is called by this name. (Liv. i. 3. ) Ac- “ Agrippa the Great," was the son of Aristobulus
cording to Aulus Gellius (xvi. 16), Pliny (H. N. and Berenice, and grandson of Herod the Great.
vii. 6. s. 8), and Solinus (1), the word signifies a Shortly before the death of his grandfather, he
birth, at which the child is presented with its feet came to Roine, where he was educnted with the
foremost ; but their derivation of it from aegre par future emperor Claudius, and Drusus the son of
tus or pes is absurd enough. (Comp. Sen. Oed. 813. ) Tiberius. He squandered his property in giving
AGRIPPA ('Ayplanas), a sceptical philosopher, sumptuous entertainments to gratify his princely
only known to have lived later than Aenesidemus, friends, and in bestowing largesses on the freed-
the conteni porary of Cicero, from whom he is said men of the emperor, and became so deeply involved
to have been the fifth in descent. He is quoted in debt, that he was compelled to fly from Rome,
by Diogenes Laertius, who probably wrote about and betook himself to a fortress at Malatha in
the time of M. Antoninus. The "five grounds of Idumaea. Through the mediation of his wife
doubt” (or névte TPÓTO), which are given by Cypros, with his sister Herodias, the wife of He-
Sextus Empiricus as a summary of the later scepti- rodes Antipas, he was allowed to take up his
cism, are ascribed by Diogenes Laertius (ix. 88) to abode at Tiberias, and received the rank of aedile
Agrippa.
in that city, with a small yearly income. But hav-
1. The first of these argues from the uncertainty ing quarrelled with his brother-in-law, he fled to
of the rules of common life, and of the opinions of Flaccus, the proconsul of Syria. Soon afterwards
philosophers. II. The second from the “ rejectio he was convicted, through the information of his
ad infinitum :" all proof requires some further brother Aristobulus, of having received a bribe
proof, and so on to infinity. III. All things are from the Damascenes, who wished to purchase his
changed as their relations become changed, or, as influence with the proconsul, and was again com-
we look upon them in different points of view. pelled to fly. He was arrested as he was about to
IV. The truth asserted is merely an hypothesis or, sail for Italy, for a sum of money which he owed
V. involves a vicious circle. (Sextus Empiricus, to the treasury of Caesar, but made his escape, and
Pyrrhon. Hypot. i. 15. )
reached Alexandria, where his wife succeeded in
With reference to these Tévte Tpbrol it need procuring a supply of money from Alexander the
only be remarked, that the first and third are a Alabarch. He then set sail, and landed at Puteoli.
short summary of the ten original grounds of doubt He was favourably received by Tiberius, who en-
which were the basis of the earlier scepticism. trusted him with the education of his grandson
(PYRRHON. ] The three additional ones shew a Tiberius. He also formed an intimacy with Cajus
progress in the sceptical system, and a transition Caligula. Having one day incautiously expressed
from the common objections derived from the falli- a wish that the latter might soon succeed to the
bility of sense and opinion, to more abstract and throne, his words were reported by his freedman
metaphysical grounds of doubt. They seem to Eutychus to Tiberius, who forth with threw him
mark a new attempt to systematize the sceptical into prison. Caligula, on his accession (A. D. 37),
philosophy and adapt it to the spirit of a later age. set him at liberty, and gave him the tetrarchies of
(Ritter, Geschichte der Philosophie, xii. 4. ) [B. J. ) Lysanias (Abilene) and Philippus (Batanaen,
AGRIPPA, M. ASI'NIUS, consul A. D. 25, Trachonitis, and Auranitis). He also presented
died a. D. 26, was descended from a family more him with a golden chain of equal weight with the
illustrious than ancient, and did not disgrace it by iron one which he had worn in prison. In the
his mode of life. (Tac. Ann. iv. 34, 61. ) following year Agrippa took possession of his king-
AGRIPPA CASTOR ('Ayplinas Kdotwp), dom, and after the banishment of Herodes Antipas,
about A. D. 135, praised as a historian by Euse- the tetrarchy of the latter was added to his domi-
bius, and for his learning by St Jerome (de Viris nione
Ilustr. c. 21), lived in the reign of Hadrian. He On the death of Caligula, Agrippa, who was at
wrote against the twenty-four books of the Alex- the time in Rome, materially assisted Claudius in
andrian Gnostic Basilides, on the Gospel. Quota gaining possession of the empire. As a reward for
tions are made from his work by Eusebius. (Hist. his services, Judaea and Samaria were annexed to
Eccles. iv. 7 ; see Gallandi's Bibliotheca Patrum, his dominions, which were now even more exten-
vol. i. p. 330. )
(A. J. C. ] sive than those of Herod the Great. He was also
AGRIPPA, FONTEIUS. 1. One of the ac- invested with the consular dignity, and a leagne
cusers of Libo, A. D. 16, is again mentioned in was publicly made with him by Claudius in the
A. D. 19, as offering his daughter for a vestal vir- forum. At his request, the kingdom of Chalcis
gin. (Tac. Ann. ii. 30, 86. )
was giren to his brother Herodes. (A. D. 41. ) He
2. Probably the son of the preceding, command then went to Jerusalem, where he offered sacrifices,
ed the province of Asia with pro-consular power, and suspended in the treasury of the temple the
A. D. 69, and was recalled from thence by Vespa golden chain which Caligula had given him. His
sian, and placed over Moesia in A. D. 70. He government was mild and gentle, and he was ex-
was shortly afterwards killed in battle by the Sar- ceedingly popular amongst the Jews. In the city
matians. (Tac. Hist. iü. 46; JosepbB. Jud. of Berylus he built a theatre and amphitheatre,
vii. 4. & 3. )
baths, and porticoes.
The suspicions of Claudius
AGRIPPA, D. HATE’RIUS, called by Taci- prevented him from finishing the impregnable for-
tus (Ann. ii. 51) the propinquus of Germanicus, tifications with which he had begun to surronnd
was tribune of the plebs A. D. 15, praetor a. D. 17, Jerusalem. His friendship was courted by many
and consul A. D. 22. His moral character was of the neighbouring kings and rulers.
It was
very low, and he is spoken of in A. D. 32, as plot- probably to increase his popularity with the Jews
ting the destruction of many illustrious men. ihat he caused the apostle James, the brother of
(Tac. Ann. i. 77, ii. 51, iii. 49, 52, vi. 4. ) John, to be behcaded, and Peter to be cast into
## p. 78 (#98) ##############################################
78
AGRIPPA.
AGRIPPA.
1
1
prison. (A. D. 44. Acts, xii. ) It was not however Spartianus as privy to the death of Antoninus
merely by such acts that he strove to win their Caracallus. (Anton. Car. 6. )
favour, as we see from the way in which, at the AGRIPPA MENEʻNIUS. (MENENIUS. )
risk of his own liſe, or at least of his liberty, he AGRIPPA POʻSTUMUS, a posthumous son
interceded with Caligula on behalf of the Jews, of M. Vipsanius Agrippa, by Julia, the daughter of
when that emperor was attempting to set up his Augustus, was bom in B. c. 12. He was adopted
statue in the temple at Jerusalem. The manner by Augustus together with Tiberius in A. D. 4,
of his death, which took place at Caesarea in the and he assumed the toga virilis in the following
same year, as he was exhibiting games in honour year, A. D. 5. (Suet. Octar. 64, 65; Dion Cass.
of the emperor, is related in Acts xii. , and is con- liv. 29, 1v. 22. ) Notwithstanding his adoption he
firmed in all essential points by Josephus, who was afterwards banished by Augustus to the island
repeats Agrippa's words, in which he acknowledged of Planasia, on the coast of Corsica, a disgrace
the justice of the punishment thus inflicted on hiin. which he incurred on account of his savage and
After lingering five days, he expired, in the fifty- intractable character ; but he was not guilty of
fourth year of his age.
any crime. There he was under the surveillance
By his wife Cypros he had a son named Agrippa, of soldiers, and Augustus obtained a senatuscon-
and three daughters, Berenice, who first married sultum by which the banishment was legally con-
her uncle Herodes, king of Chalcis, afterwards formed for the time of his life. The property of
lived with her brother Agrippa, and subsequently Agrippa was assigned by Augustus to the treasury
married Polamo, king of Cilicia ; she is alluded io of the army. It is said that during his captivity
by Juvenal (Sut. vi. 156); Mariamne, and Drusilla, he received the visit Augustus, who secretly
who married Felix, the procurator of Judaea. (Jo- went to Planasia, accompanied by Fabius Maxi-
seph. Ant. Jud. xvii. 1. $ 2, xvili. 5-8, xix. 4-8; mus. Augustus and Agrippa, both deeply affected,
Bell. Jud. i 28. § 1, ii. 9. 11; Dion Cass. lx. 8; shed tears when they met, and it was believ-
Euseb. Hist. Eccles. ii. 10. ) (C. P. M. ) ed that Agrippa would be restored to liberty,
AGRIPPA, HERO'DES II. , the son of Agrippa But the news of this visit reached Livia the
I. , was educated at the court of the emperor Clau- mother of Tiberius, and Agrippa remained a cap
dius, and at the time of his father's death was only tive. After the accession of Tiberius, in A. D. 14,
seventeen years old. Claudius therefore kept him | Agrippa was murdered by a centurion, who en-
at Rome, and sent Cuspius Fadus as procurator of tered his prison and killed him after a long
the kingdom, which thus again became a Roman struggle, for Agrippa was a man of great bodily
province. On the death of Herodes, king of strength. When the centurion afterwards went to
Chalcis (A. D. 48), his little principality, with the Tiberius to give him an account of the execution,
right of superintending the temple and appointing the emperor denied having given any order for it,
the high priest, was given to Agrippa, who four and it is very probuble that Livia was the secret
years afterwards received in its stead the tetrar. author of the crime. There was a rumour that
chies formerly held by Philip and Lysanias, with Augustus had left an order for the execution of
the title of king. In a. D. 55, Nero added the Agrippa, but this is positively contradicted by
cities of Tiberias and Taricheae in Galilee, and Tacitus. (Tac. Ann. i. 3–6; Dion Cass. lv, 3:2,
Julias, with fourteen villages near it, in Persea. Ivii. 3; Suet. l. c, Tib. 22 ; Vellei. ï. 104, 112. )
Agrippa expended large sums in beautifying Jeru- After the death of Agrippa, a slave of the name
salem and other cities, especially Berytus. His of Clemens, who was not informed of the murder,
partiality for the latter rendered him unpopular landed on Planasia with the intention of restoring
amongst his own subjects, and the capricions man- Agrippa to liberty and carrying him off to the
ner in which he appointed and deposed the high army in Germany. When he heard of what had
priests, with some other acts which were distasteful, taken place, he tried to profit by his great resem-
made him an object of dislike to the Jews. Be- blance to the murdered captive, and he gave him-
fore the outbreak of the war with the Romans, self out as Agrippa. He landed at Ostia, and
Agrippa attempted in vain to dissuade the people found many who believed him, or affected to
from rebelling. When the war was begun, he believe him, but he was seized and put to death
sided with the Romans, and was wounded at the by order of Tiberius. (Tac. Ann. ii. 39, 40. )
siege of Gamala. After the capture of Jerusalem, The name of Agrippa Caesar is found on a medal
he went with his sister Berenice to Rome, where of Corinth.
[W. P. )
he was invested with the dignity of praetor. He AGRIPPA, VIBULE'NUS, a Roman knight,
died in the seventieth year of his age, in the third who took poison in the senate house at the time of
year of the reign of Trajan. He was the last bis trial, a. D. 36; he had brought the poison with
prince of the house of the Herods. It was before him in a ring. (Tac. Ann. vi. 40; Dion. Cass.
this Agrippa that the apostle Paul made his de- rüi. 21. )
fence. (A. D. 60. Acts. xxv. xxvi. ) He lived on AGRIPPA, M. VIPSA'NIUS, was born in
terms of intimacy with the bistorian Josephus, B. C. 63. He was the son of Lucius, and was de
who has preserved two of the letters he received scended from a very obscure family. At the age
from him. (Joseph. Ant. Jud. xvii. 5. 4, xix. 9. of twenty be studied at Apollonia in Illyria, toge
§ 2, xx. 1. $ 3, 5. § 2, 7. $ 1, 8. § 4 &11, 9. & 4; ther with young Octavius, afterwards Octavianus
Bell. Jud. ü. 11. $ 6, 12. $ 1,16, 17. $ 1, iv. 1. $ 3; and Augustus. After the murder of J. Caesar ia
Vit. &. 54; Phot. cod. 33. )
[C. P. M. ] B. C. 44, Agrippa was one of those intimate friends
AGRIPPA, MARCIUS, a man of the lowest of Octarius, who advised him to proceed immedi-
origin, was appointed by Macrinus in B. c. 217, ately to Rome. Octavius took Agrippa with him,
first to the government of Pannonia and after and charged him to receive the oath of fidelity from
wards to that of Dacia. (Dion. Cass. lxxviii. 13. ) several legions which had declared in his favour.
He seems to be the same person as the Marcius Having been chosen consul in B. C. 43, Octavius
Agrippa, admiral of the feet, who is mentioned by gave to his friend Agrippa the delicate commission
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AGRIPPA.
70
AGRIPPA.
Antonija
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mas
daughter !
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in .
