No More Learning

)
the revolt of Histiaeus. (B. C. 495; Suidas, s. v.
ANACHARSIS ('Avexapois), a Scythian of 'Avaxpéw and Téw. ) This tradition has, however,
princely rank, according to Herodotus (iv. 76), the very probably arisen from a confusion with the
son of Gnurus, and brother of Saulius, king of original emigration of the Teians to Abdera.
Thrace; according to Lucian (Scytha) the son of The universal tradition of antiquity represents
Daucetas. He left his native country to travel in Anacreon as a most consummate voluptuary; and
pursuit of knowledge, and came to Athens just at his poems prove the truth of the tradition. Though
the time that Solon was occupied with his legisla- Athenaeus (x. p. 429) thought that their drunken
tive measures. He became acquainted with Sulon, tone was affected, arguing that the poet must have
and by the simplicity of his way of living, his been tolerably sober while in the act of writing, it
talents, and his acute observations on the institu- is plain that Anacreon sings of love and wine with
tions and usages of the Greeks, he excited general hearty good will, and that his songs in honour of
attention and admiration. The fame of his wisdom Polycrates came less from the heart than the ex-
was such, that he was even reckoned by some pressions of his love for the beautiful youths whom
amor. g the seven sages. Some writers affirmed, the tyrant had gathered round him. (Anthol. Pul.
that after having been honoured with the Athenian vii. 25; Maxim. Tyr. Diss. xxvi. 1. ) We see in
franchise, he was initiated into the Eleusinian him the luxury of the lonian inflamed by the
mysteries. According to the account in Herodotus, fervour of the poet. The tale that he loved Sappho
on his return to Thrace, he was killed by his bro- is very improbable. (Athen. xii. p. 599. ) His
ther Saulius, while celebrating the orgies of Cybele death was worthy of his life, if we may believe the
at Hylaea. Diogenes Laertius gives a somewhat account, which looks, however, too like a poetical
different version—that he was killed by his bro fiction, that he was choked by a grape-stone.
ther while hunting. He is said to have written a (Plin. vii. 5; Val. Max. ix. 12. $ 8. ) The idea
metrical work on legislation and the art of war. formed of Anacreon by nearly all ancient writers,
Cicero (Tusc. Disp. v. 32) quotes from one of his as 'a grey-haired old man, seems to bave been de-
letters, of which several, though of doubtful au- rived from his later poems, in forgetfulnrss of the
thenticity, are still extant. Various sayings of his fact that when his fame was at its height, at the
have been preserved by Diogenes and Athenaeus. court of Polycrates, he was a very young man ; the
(Herod. iv. 46, 76, 77; Plut. Sol. 5, Convio, delusion being aided by the unabated warmth of
Sept. Supient. ; Diog. Laert. i. 101, &c. ; Strab. vii: his poetry to the very last.
p. 303; Lucian, Scythu and Anacharsis; Athen. In the time of Suidas five books of Anacreon's
iv. p. 159, x. pp. 428, 437, xiv. p. 613; Aelian, poems were extant, but of these only a few genuine
V. il. v. 7. )
[C. P. M. ] fragments have come down to us. The “ Odes"
ANA'CREON ('Avarpėwv), one of the principal attributed to him are now universally admitted to
Greek lyric poets, was a native of the Ionian city be spurious. All of them are later than the time
of Teos, in Asia Minor. The accounts of his life of Anacreon. Though some of them are very
are neagre and confused, but he seems to have graceful, others are very deficient in poetical feel.
spent his youth at his native city, and to have re- ing; and all are wanting in the tone of earnestnesa
moved, with the great body of its inhabitants, to which the poetry of Anacreon always breathed.
Abdera, in Thrace, when Teos was taken by Har- The usual metre in these Odes is the lambic
pagus, the general of Cyrus (about B. c. 540 ; Strab. Dimeter Catalectic, which occurs only once in the
xiv. p. 644). The early part of his middle life genuine fragments of Anacreon. His favourite
was spent at Samos, under the patronage of Poly- metres are the Choriambic and the lonica
crates, in whose praise Anacreon wrote many Minore.
songs. (Strab. xir. p. 638; Herod. ij. 121. ) He
The editions of Anacreon are very numerous.
enjoyed very high favour with the tyrant, and is the best are those of Brunck, Strasb. 1786; Fischer,
said to have softened his temper by the charms of Lips. 1793 ; Mehlhorn, Glogau, 1825; and
music. (Maxim. Tyr. Diss. xxxvii. 5. ) After Bergk, Lips. 1834.
(P. S. )
the death of Polycrates (B. C. 52. ? ), he went to
ANACYNDARAXES ('Avak uvdapálns), the
Athens at the invitation of the tyrant Hipparchus, father of Sardanapalus, king of Assyria. (Arrian,


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158
ANANIUS.
ANASTASIUS.
An. ji. 5 ; Strab. xiv. p. 672; Athen. viii. p. 335, f. , | The invention of the satyric iambic verse called
xii. pp. 529, e, 530, b. )
Scazon is ascribed to him as well as to Hipponax.
ANADYO'MENE ('Avað vouévn), the goddess (Hephaest. p. 30, 11, Gaisf. ) Some fragments of
rising out of the sea, a burname given to Aphrodite, Ananius are preserved by Athenaeus (pp. 78, 282,
in allusion to the story of her being born from the 370), and all that is known of him has been col-
foam of the sea. This surname had not much ce- lected by Welcker. (Ipponactis et Ananü lamba
lebrity previous to the time of A pelles, but his graphorum Fragmenta, p. 109, &c. ) (P. S. )
famous painting of Aphrodite Anadyomene, in ANAPHAS ('Avapas), was said to have been
which the goddess was represented as rising from one of the seven who slew the Magi in B. c. 521,
the sea and drying her hair with her hands, at and to have been lincally descended from A tossib
once drew great attention to this poetical idea, and the sister of Cambyses, who was the father of the
excited the emulation of other artists, painters as great Cyrus. The Cappadocian kings traced their
well as sculptors. The painting of Apelles was origin to Anaphas, who received the government
made for the inhabitants of the island of Cos, who of Cappadocia, free from taxes. Anaphas was suc-
set it up in their temple of Asclepius. Its beauty ceeded by his son of the same name, and the latter
induced Augustus to have it removed to Rome, by Datames. (Diod. xxxi. Ed. 3. )
and the Coans were indemnified by a reduction in ANASTA'SIA, a noble Roman lady, who suf-
their taxes of 100 talents. In the time of Nero fered martyrdom in the Diocletian persecution.
the greater part of the picture had become effaced, (A. d. 303. ) Two letters written by her in prison
and it was replaced by the work of another artist. are extant in Suidas, s. r. Youooyovos. (P. S. ]
(Strab. xiv. p. 657; Plin. H. N. xxxv. 36. SS 12. ANASTASIUS ("Avastácios), the author of
and 15; Auson. Ep. 106 ; Paus. ii. 1. $ 7. ) [L. S. ] a Latin epigram of eighteen lines addressed to
ANAEA ('Avala), an Amazon, from whom the a certain Armatus, “ De Ratione Victus Salutaris
town of Anaea in Caria derived its name. (Steph. post Incisum Venam et Emissum Sanguinem,"
Byz. s. v. ; Eustath. ad Dionys. Perieg. 828. ) (L. S. ] which is to be found in several editions of the
ANAGALLIS. (AGALLIS. )
Remmen Sanitatis Salernitanum. (e. g. Antverp. 1557,
ANAGNOSTES, JOANNES ('Iwdvrns 'Ava- 12mo. ) The life and date of the author are quite
groots), wrote an account of the storming of his unknown, but he was probably a late writer, and
native city, Thessalonica, by the Turks under is therefore not to be confounded with a Greek
Amurath 11. (1. D.
1430), to which is added a physician of the same name, whose remedy for the
"Monodia," or lamentation for the event, in prose gout, which was to be taken during a whole year,
The work is printed, in Greek and Latin, in the is quoted with approbation by Aetius (tetrab. iii.
Lúpuerta of Leo Allatius, Rom. 1653, 8vo. , pp. serm. iv. 47, p. 609), and who must therefore have
318—380. The author was present at the siege, lived some time during or before the fifth century
after which he left the city, but was induced to after Christ
(W'. A. G. )
return to it by the promises of the conqueror, who ANASTA'SIUS I. II. , patriarchs of ANTIOCH.
two years afterwards deprived him of all his pro- (ANASTASIUS SINAITA. ]
perty. (Hanekius, de Hist. Byz. Script. i. 38, ANASTA'SIUS I. ('Avastáo los ), emperor
p. 636 ; Wharton, Supp. to Cave, Hist. Lit. ij. of ConstanTINOPLE, surnamed Dicorus (Aino-
p. 130. )
[P. S. ) pos) on account of the different colour of his
ANÁI'TIS ('Avattis), an Asiatic divinity, eye-balls, was born about 430 a. D. , at Dyrra-
whose name appears in various modifications, some chium in Epeirus. He was descended from an
times written Anaca (Strab. xvi. p. 738), some- unknown family, and we are acquainted with
times Aneitis (Plut. Artax. 27), sometimes Tanaïs only a few circumstances concerning his life pre
(Clem. Alex. Protrept. p. 43), or Nanaea. (Maccab. viously to his accession. We know, however,
ii. 1, 13. ) Her worship was spread over several that he was a zealous Eutychian, that he was not
parts of Asia, such as Armenia, Cappadocia, Assy- married, and that he served in the imperial life-
ria, Persis, &c. (Strab. xi. p. 512, xii. p. 559. xv. guard of the Silentiarii, which was the cause of his
p. 733. ) In most places where she was worship being generally called Anastasius Silentianus. The
ped we find numerous slares (iepodov. 0. ) of both emperor Zeno, the Isaurian, baring died in 491
sexes consecrated to her, and in Acilisene these without male issue, it was generally believed that
slaves were taken from the most distinguished his brother Longinus would succeed him ; but in
families. The female slaves prostituted them consequence of an intrigue carried on during some
selves for a number of years before they married. time, as it seems, between Anastasius and the em-
These priests seem to have been in the enjoyment press Ariadne, Anastasius was proclaimed emperor.
of the sacred land connected with her temples, and Shortly afterwards he married Ariadne, but it does
we find mention of sacred cows also being kept at not appear that he had had an adulterous inter-
such temples. (Plut. Lucull. 24. ) From this and course with her during the life of her husband.
other circumstances it has been inferred, that the When Anastasius ascended the throne of the
worship of Anaitis was a branch of the Indian Eastern empire he was a man of at least sixty, but
worship of nature. It seems, at any rate, clear though, notwithstanding his advanced age, he
that it was a part of the worship so common among evinced uncommon energy, his reign is one of the
the Asiatics, of the creative powers of nature, both most deplorable periods of Byzantine history, dis-
male and female. The Greek writers sometimes turbed as it was by foreign and intestine wars and
identify Anaitis with their Artemis (Paus. iii. 16. by the still greater calamity of religious troubles.
$6; Plut. l. c. ), and sometimes with their Aphro | Immediately after his accession, Longinus, the
dite. (Clem. Alex. I. c. ; Agathias, i. 2; Ammian. brother of Zeno, Longinus Magister Officiorum,
Marc. xxiii
. 3 ; Spartian. Carac. 7; comp. Creuzer, and Longinus Selinuntius, rose against bim, and
Symbol. ii. p. 22, &c. )
(L. S. ] being all natives of Isauria, where they had great
ANA'NIUS ('Arávios), a Greek iambic poet, influence, they made this province the centre of
contemporary with Hipponax (about 540 B. c. ) | their operations against the imperial troops. This


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ANASTASIUS.
159
ANASTASIUS.
war, which is known in history under the name of the East. However, the religious motives of these
the Isaurian war, lasted till 497, and partly till disturbances were either so intimately connected
498, when it was finished to the advantage of the with political motives, or the hatred between the
emperor by the captivity and death of the ring- parties was so great, that the deputies did not suc-
leaders of the rebellion. John the Scythian, John ceed. In 514, Viulianus, a Gothic prince in the
the Hunchbacked, and under them Justinus, who service of the emperor, put himself at the head of
became afterwards emperor, distinguished them a powerful army, and laid siege to Constantinople,
Belves greatly as commanders of the armies of under the pretext of compelling Anastasius to put
Anastasius. The following years were signalized an end to the vexations of the orthodox church.
by a sedition in Constantinople occasioned by dis. In order to get rid of such an enemy, Anastasius
turbances between the factions of the Blue and the promised to assemble a general council
, which was
Green, by religious troubles which the emperor to be presided over by the pope, and he appointed
was able to quell only by his own humiliation, by V'italianus his commander-in-chief in Thrace. But
wars with the Arabs and the Bulgarians, and by no sooner was the army of Vitalianus disbanded,
earthquakes, famine, and plague. (1. D. 500. ) than Anastasius once more eluded his promises,
Anastasius tried to relieve his people by abolishing and the predomination of the Eutychians over the
the xpuodpyupos, a heavy poll-tax which was paid orthodox lasted till the death of the emperor.
indifferently for men and for domestic animals. Anastasius died in 518, at the age of between
Immediately after these calamities, Anastasius was eighty-eight and ninety-one years. Evagrius states,
involved in a war with Cabadis, the king of Persia, that after his death his name was erased from the
who destroyed the Byzantine army commanded by sacred “ Diptychs" or tables.
Hypacius and Patricius Phrygius, and ravaged Religious hatred having more or less guided
Mesopotamia in a dreadful manner. Anastasius modern writers as well as those whom we must
purchased peace in 505 by paying 11,000 pounds consider as the sources with regard to Anastasius,
of gold to the Persians, who, being threatened the character of this emperor has been described in
with an invasion of the Huns, restored to the em- a very different manner. The reader will find
peror the provinces which they had overrun. From these opinions carefully collected and weighed with
Asia Anastasius sent his generals to the banks of prudence and criticism in Tillemont's - Histoire
the Danube, where they fought an unsuccessful but des Empereurs. " Whatever were his vices, and
not inglorious campaign against the East-Goths of however avaricious and faithless he was, Anastasius
Italy, and tried, but in vain, to defend the passage was far from being common man. Tillemont,
of the Danube against the Bulgarians. These in- though he is often misled by bigotry, does not
defatigable warriors crossed that river in great blame him for many actions, and praises him for
numbers, and ravaging the greater part of Thrace, many others for which he has been frequently re-
appeared in sight of Constantinople; and no other proached. Le Beau, the author of the “ Histoire
means were left to the emperor to secure the im- du Bas Empire," does not condemn bim; and
mediate neighbourhood of his capital but by con- Gibbon commends him, although principally for his
structing a fortified wall across the isthmus of Con- economy. (Evagrius, iii. 29, scq. ; Cedrenus, pp.
stantinople from the coast of the Propontis to that | 354-365, ed. Paris; Theophanes, pp. 115-14), ed.
of the Pontus Euxinus. (A. D. 507. ) Some parts Paris; Gregor. Turon. ii. 38. ) (W. P. ]
of this wall, which in a later period proved useful ANASTA'SIUS II. , emperor of CONSTAN-
against the Turks, are still existing. Clovis, king TINOPLE. The original name of this emperor
of the Franks, was created consul by Anastasius. was Artemius, and he was one of the ministers
The end of the reign of Anastasius cannot well (Protoasecretis) of the emperor Philippicus, who
be understood without a short notice of the state had his eyes put out by the traitor Rufus, in
of religion during this time, a more circumstantial the month of June a. D. 713. Artemius, uni-
account of which the reader will find in Evagrius versally esteemed for his character and his
and Theophanes cited below.
qualities, was chosen in his stead, and, although
As early as 488, Anastasius, then only a Silen- his reign was short and disturbed by troubles,
tiarius, had been active in promoting the Euty- he gave sufficient proofs of being worthy to reign.
chian Palladius to the see of Antioch. This act After having punished Rufus and his accomplices,
was made a subject of reproach against him by the he appointed the Isaurian Leo, who became after-
orthodox patriarch of Constantinople, Euphemius, wards emperor, his general in chief against the
who, upon Anastasius succeeding Zeno on the Lazes and other Caucasian nations, and himself
throne, persuaded or compelled him to sign a con- made vigorous preparations against the Arabs, by
fession of faith according to the orthodox principles whom the southern provinces of the empire were
laid down in the council of Chalcedon. Notwith- then continually harassed. He formed the bold
standing this confession, Anastasius continued an plan of burning the naval stores of the enemy on
adherent to the doctrines of Eutychius, and in the coast of Syria, stores necessary for the con-
496 he had his enemy, Euphemius, deposed and struction of a large fleet, with which the Arabs
banished. It is said, that at this time Anastasius intended to lay siege to Constantinople. The
shewed great propensities to the sect of the Ace commander of the Byzantine fleet was Jobn, who
phali. Ťbe successor of Euphemius was Macedo combined the three dignities of grand treasurer of
nius, who often thwarted the measures of the em. the empire, admiral, and dean of St. Sophia, and
peror, and who but a few years afterwards was who left Constantinople in 715. But the expe-
driven from his see, which Anastasius gave to the dition failed, and a mutiny broke out on board the
Eutychian Timotbeus, who opposed the orthodox ships, in consequence of which John was mas-
in many matters. Upon this, Anastasius was sacred, and Theodosius, once a receiver of the taxes,
anathematized by pope Symmachus, whose succes- proclaimed emperor. It is probable that the rebel
Bor, Hormisdas, seni deputies to Constantinople had many adherents in the Asiatic provinces ; for
for the purpose of restoring peace to the Church of while he sailed with his fleet to Constantinople,


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160
ANASTASIUS.
ANATOLIUS.
a
Anastasius, after having loſt a strong garrison for ANASTA'SIUS SINAITA ('Avaotários Er
the defence of his capital, went to Nicaea for the vaimns). Three persons of this name are mentioned
purpose of preventing all danger from that side. by ecclesiastical writers, and often confounded with
After an obstinate resistance during six months, one another.
Constantinople was taken by surprise in the month 1. ANASTASIUS I. , made patriarch of Antioch
of January 716, and Anastasius, besieged in Nicaea, 1. D. 559 or 561, took a prominent part in the con-
surrendered on condition of having hie life pre troversy with the Aphthartodocetae, who thought
served. This was granted to him by the victorious that the body of Christ before the resurrection was
rebel, who ascended the throne under the name of incorruptible. He opposed the edict which Justi-
Theodosius III. Anastasius retired to a convent nian issued in favour of this opinion, and was af-
at Thessalonica. In the third year of the reign of terwards banished by the younger Justin. (570. )
Leo III. Isaurus (721), Anastasius conspired In 593 he was restored to his bishopric at Antioch,
against this emperor at the instigation of Nicetas and died in 599.
Xylonites. They hoped to be supported by Ter- 2. ANASTASIUS II. , succeeded Anastasius I. in
belis or Terbelius, king of Bulgaria ; but their the bishopric of Antioch, A. D. 599. He translated
enterprise proved abortive, and the two conspirators into Greek the work of Gregory the Great, " de
were put to death by order of Leo. (Theophanes, Cura Pastorali," and was killed by the Jews in a
pp. 321, &c. , 335, ed. Paris ; Zonaras, xiv. 26, &c. ; tumult, 609 a. D.
Cedrenus, p. 449, ed. Paris. )
(W. P. ) 3. ANASTASIUS, a presbyter and monk of Mt.