kneel in the open air, exposed to storms of sleet and rain in winter, and to the
greatest
heats of summer.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v6
iv.
, p.
399.
it,
scription of Scotland," p. 18.
48° See a description of it, in the " Inl-
perial Gazetteer of Scotland," vol. ii. , pp.
386, 387. "
4Sl See Illustrations of the Topography
and Antiquities of the Shires of Aberdeen
puero Episcopum Columbam qui primus sedem Dunkelde re-
June 9. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 565
and pre- sented an illustration, in chap. xiii. of this
scription of Scotland," p. 18.
497 See Rev. Mackenzie E. C. Walcott's
biography.
491 Professor J. Y. Simpson has in the
fullest manner described the old stone-roofed cell or oratory, with other ancient remains on Inchcolm, while several excellent woodcuts assist the reader in obtaining still more accurate notions
of that See. 48 ° Inchcolm. —This was an island in 19.
dated with the
the Firth of Forth, which had an ancient church w° dedicated to St. Colvtmba. It is nearly six miles north-west from the harbour of Granton, and about
history
orninemilesfrom Theoldchurchtherehasthe— and eight Edinburgh. type
features of our most ancient Irish oratories/? 1 20. Kincardine. This is
situated in the detached of a—nd on the Forth. 492 A croft portion Perthshire,
494
of land of St. Colme was here. 4 ? * 21. Dry men. This is a parish in Len-
nox, and in the west of Stirlingshire. The church was under the title of St.
Columba,495 and his yearly market, called St. Colm's Fair, was formerly held
here, on the 9th of June. 4? 6 In addition to the foregoing list of Rev. Dr.
Reeves, it may be noted, that St. Columba is said,4" also, to have lived in
Dull, an extensive parish in Perthshire, where there are remains of several
Pictish forts, moats, barrows and standing stones, as also a Druidical circle ;
besides, there was a monastery of a peculiar character, and called an abthanery,
only two specimens of which existed in Scotland. It conferred on the village
of Dull the right of sanctuary, similar to that of Holyrood. The Grampian
Hills run through this parish, while its scenery comprises every variety ot landscape, from the sublimely beautiful to the softly bland. 498 Adamnan
makes mention, likewise, of a monastery, called Kailli-abinde, and founded,
after Columba's departure from Ireland. 400 This monastery was somewhere
in Scotland or its western isles, it seems probable, rather than in Ire-
00
land. *
The more modern churches dedicated to St. Columba are numerous, not
alone in Ireland and Scotland, but, in the most distant parts of the earth, and especially, in the United States of America. It is not possible for us to enumerate all those in Ireland, for want of returns from the various dioceses, in authoritative and accessible form. However, to begin with the diocese and city of Dublin, there was a church of St. Columkille here during the middle ages, but its very site has long since disappeared. Near the city of Dublin, in Rathgar, the fine church sQI dedicated to the Three Patrons of Ireland, as a matter of course, includes St. Columba, he being one of them. In the diocese of Dublin, the beautiful new church of Ballybrack has been dedicated to St.
Columba and to St. Alphonsus. The parish church of Swords is also dedicated to St. Columba. The Catholic church of Grenane, at the opening into Glen-
malure, in the former parish of Rathdrum, county of Wicklow, was dedicated toSt. Columkille,bypermissionofhisEminenceCardinalCullen. 501 Thefine
488 To Kenneth Mac Alpin its erection has been ascribed, and in the seventh year of his reign, he is said to have transferred to it some relics of St. Columba.
ment of Scotland," vol. viii. , p. 509.
489 See Chalmers'
"Caledonia,"
vol.
i. ,
495 to local tradition. According
p. 435.
490 We have already noticed it,
496 See Paterson's " Geographical De-
land," vol. i. , pp. 410, 411.
*" Perhaps after his death, it had been
erected, by a Finten, son of Aidus, one of his
5°° See Rev. Dr. " Ecclesiasti- Lanigan's
cal History of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, xi. , sect, x. , p. 133, and n. 123, p. 143.
Gazetteer of Scotland," vol. ii. , pp. 222, 223. Dean of Dublin, and P. P. of Rathminesand
their cha- racteristics. See "Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland," vol. ii. ,
regarding
pp. 489 to 528.
492 It is described, in the "Imperial Rev. Monsignor William Meagher, D. D. ,
493 This is stated, in the
"
Acts of Parlia-
"
494 See a description, in Cosmo Innes
Origines Parochiales Scotise," vol. i. , pp.
37 to 39, and Appendix, p. 503.
"
Scoti-Monasticon," p. 231.
498 See the " Imperial Gazetteer of Scot-
disciples.
501 This has been erected by the late Very
Rathgar.
5 66 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [June 9.
Gothic cathedral of Derry has been dedicated to St. Columkille, the special Patron of the diocese; and, the college at Casino, adjoining the city, is also known as St. Columb's. In the diocese of Down, a very handsome new Gothic church has been erected at Holywood, by the Very Rev. James O'Laverty, P. P. ,5°3 and the first stone s°4 was laid by the Most Rev. Dr. Dorrian, on the 28th ofJuly, 1872. It was solemnly dedicated to God, under the invocation of St. Columkille, on the 14th of June, 1874. 505 This church was erected from designs furnished by T. Hevey, Esq. , Architect.
Catholic ^Church of St. Columkille, Holywood, County Down.
this —a seal- time, only
so Zaun chapel 510 pe-
culiar to Donegal in
the days of persecu- tion—over the placid estuary of the Mulroy, and having at its base the waters of the Atlantic Ocean, was used for purposes of Catholic worship. A hand-
505 Granted, at the request of Very Rev. Richard Galvin, P. P. , on the 14th of No-
"
Historical Ac- count of the Diocese of Down and Connor, Ancient and Modern," published in succes- sive years from 1878 to 1887, in four 8vo
volumes, Dublin.
s°4 This was brought from the ruined
church of Gartan, county of Donegal, and where St. Columkille was born.
505 The dedication sermon was preached by the eloquent Dominican, Father Thomas
Burke.
506 It is eighty-seven feet in length, by thirty-one feet in width.
507 It is twenty-four by twenty-two feet. 508 The accompanying illustration of this
fine church is from a photograph, kindly furnished by the Very Rev. James O'Laverty, P. P. It was copied on to the wood by
William F. "Wakeman, and it was engraved by Mrs. Millard.
509 The foregoing description in the text is from the work of the Very Rev. Janus
O'Laverty, vol. ii. , pp. 212 to 216.
vember, 1864.
503 The learned author of
It consists of a nave 506 and
50?
chancel, separated
by an elaborately moulded chancel arch,
supported on columns, having moulded bases
and carved capitals. There is also a tower,
eighteen feet square, at the south-west an-
gle, and the sacristy is on the same side. 508
The west end of the nave and tower makes
a facade of 55 feet, fac- ing the Belfast road. The nave is divided in length into six bays, and all the accessory details, interiorly and exteriorly are exceed-
ingly
In August of the year 187 1, in the parish of Kilmacrenan, in the diocese of Raphoe, a new Catholic church of St. Columkille was
opened.
Previous to
harmonious. 500
June 9. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 567
some modern Catholic church in Gothic style has been erected at Clonmore, county of Louth, by the late Father Markey, its former pastor, and it is dedi- cated to St. Columba. Several Protestant Episcopal churches and institu- tions have been dedicated to this saint. Among these may be mentioned the college of St. Columba near Rathfarnham, for the education of Protestant Episcopalianclergy. InRathmullan,ontheshoresofthe"LakeofShadows" is situated St. Columb's Protestant Episcopal church, which after undergoing architectural renovation and enlargement,511 was formally opened on October 8th, 1887. In Scotland, the following Catholic churches have been dedicated to St. Columba : Annan, in Dumfriesshire ; Rutherglen, in Lanarkshire ; and Drimnin, in Argyleshire. In the United States of America the following churches, chapels, and religious institutions have been dedicated to St. Columkille, viz. : Archdiocese of Boston, church at Brighton ; Archdiocese of Cincinnati, church at Wilmington, Clinton County ; Archdiocese of Mil- waukee, church at Elba, Dodge County, and church at Lakefive, Waukesha County; Archdiocese of New York, church in city, West Twenty-fifth-street, and St. Columba's female school ; Archdiocese of St. Louis, church in city, South St. Louis, church at Downpatrick, Jefferson County, and St. Colum- kill's parochial school, St. Louis ; Archdiocese of Chicago, church in city, corner of Paulina and West Indiana-street, church of Ottawa, La Salle County, St. Columkille's male and female schools, Chicago, and female school, Ottawa ; Diocese of Cleveland, church in city, and parochial schools, Youngstown, Mahoning County, church and schools; Diocese of Detroit, church at Sheridan, Huron County; Diocese of Erie, church in Stone- borough, Mercer County; Diocese of Harrisburg, church in Bloomsburg, Columbia County ; Diocese of La Crosse, church in Pine Hill, Jackson County; Diocese of Louisville, church in the city, corner of Washington and Buchanan-street, church in Lewisport, Hancock County, St. Columba's paro- chial schools, Louisville, and St. Columb's Academy, Bowling Green, Warren County ; Diocese of Newark, church in the city, corner of Pennsylvania Avenue and Thomas-street, and parochial schools; Diocese of St. Joseph, Church in Conception, Nodaway County; Diocese of St. Paul,
church at Belle Creek, Goodhue County; Vicariate Apostolic of Nebraska, church in Papillion, Sarpy County ; Vicariate Apostolic of Northern Min-
nesota,churchofSt. Columkille,StearnsCounty. InLowerCanada,Arch- diocese of Quebec is St. Columba's church, at Sillery ; in the diocese of Arichat is St. Columba's church, at Iona, Cape Breton ; in the Prefecture Apostolic of St. George's, West Newfoundland, there is a church of St. Columkille, and at Highlands, a district in Bay of St. George ; in the Arch- diocese of Toronto, a church at Mara, Uptergrove, P. O. , is also dedicated to this great saint.
There is every reason to believe, that a few centuries ago, various fine memorials of its decayed grandeur were preserved on St. Columba's Island. 512 These were allowed to crumble away, or they had been recklessly destroyed ; but of late years, owing to the Duke of Argyll, most creditable efforts have been made to preserve and restore—so far as possibly could be done—those
510 There, as tradition states, the saintly
Dr. O'Gallagher, while Bishop of Raphoe, and
while composing his celebrated Irish ser-
mons, was wont to celebrate Mass: tures are still to be seen in Donegal.
The scallauns were shed-like structures, 5 " For a more minute description and de- usually on some bleak mountain side, where tails, the reader is referred to the Irish room was found only for the altar and the Builder, of October 15th, 1887, vol. xxix. , priest, the congregation being obliged to No. 688, p. 281.
kneel in the open air, exposed to storms of sleet and rain in winter, and to the greatest heats of summer. Several of these struc-
5 68 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [June 9.
ancient buildings and relics of the past. Among the ecclesiastical ruins on Iona, none date back to the time of St. Columba, since the least and the most inconspicuous, but the most venerable and ancient of them all, is known as St. Odhrain's chapel 513 and this is probably the same building, which
;
Queen Margaret of Scotland is known to have erected 5I4 in memory of the
5 ' 5 and to have dedicated it to one of the most famous Columba's among
saint,
earlycompanions. 516 Itis builtofredgranite,5'7butitisrooflessandnowfast
It has no east window, but there are two narrow lights in the side walls near the eastern angles, that in the north being two feet high, while that in the south is three feet. In all probability, this chapel marks the site of thatstillhumblerchurchofwoodandwattlesinwhichColumbaworshipped. 518 Here, too, was the chief cemetery on the Island. 510 The most elegant and imposing of the buildings on Iona is that called in Gaelic the Eaclus Mor, or Great Church, which consists of nave, transepts and choir, in the Gothic
called the — House is the portion Chapter
decaying.
style.
usually
cloister
buildings,
called the Cathedral. It had a on the north sacristy
520 It is
side of the choir, and it had side chapels on the south. The capitals of some columns 5 " on the interior have bas-reliefs very similar to specimens found in Ireland. North of this abbey church are the ruins of the conventual or
and of these the
most ancient and the most remarkable. —The library 522 of which some
524 Near the west entrance, and seemingly beside the adjacent angle of the clois-
literary fragments have been preserved 523 was over the Chapter House.
ter,
popularly
a small chamber 525 called St. Columb's tomb is shown but,
;
s 12 The Rev. Dr. J. F. S. Gordon has pub- with stane and lyme. Into this sanctuary
lished a valuable work, "Iona," illustrating the various antiquities and objects of interest for the information of tourists to that Island. Introduction, pp. i. to xxviii. , and pp. I to 108. Glasgow, 1885, cr. 8vo.
there is three tombes of stane formit like little chapels, with ane braid gray marble or quhin stane in the gavill of ilk ane of the tombes. " Theseslabsofmarble,hetellsus, bore respectively the inscriptions Tumulus
RegumScotie, TumulusRegumHibcrnie,aud r
513 According to Fordun, this place
existed as a cemetery even before St. Co- Tumulus Regum A oi~we-ie : while in these
"
lumba came to Iona. See Scotichroni- tombs were buried 48 Scotch, 4 Irish, and 8
con," vol. i. , lib. iii. , cap. xxiv. , p. 128, Norwegian Kings. Of these tombs nothing
Goodall's edition,
s14 " Queen Margaret died in A. D. 1092,
and therefore any building which she erected must date very nearly five hundred years after Columba's death ; that is to say, the most ancient building which exists upon Iona must be separated in age from Co- lumba's time by as many centuries as those w—hich now separate us from Edward III. "
" Iona," by the Duke of Argyll, chap, ii. ,
pp. 84, 85.
s'S It was called "the larger Columcille
chapel. "
5' 6 See the " Ulster Journal of Archaeo-
now remains, but supposed vestiges, and these are locally denominated Iomaire-nan-Rig/i,
"
or the Ridge of the Kings. "
520 In Graham's "Antiquities of Iona," there are views of the East and West fronts,
plates 30, 31.
5" Drawings of some of these bas-reliefs may
logy*" vol. i. , p. 831. " 5'7 See Cosmo Innes'
523 In several were 1525, Manuscripts
brought from Iona to Aberdeen, and although these were much injured and
almost illegible, they appeared to have been fragments of Sallust, and also of some Scot-
Origines Paro- chiales Scotiae," vol. ii. , part i. , p. 298.
5 lS See "Iona," by the Duke of Argyll, chap, ii. , p. 85.
tish Chronicles. See Father Sacra," pp. 487, 488.
Hay's
According
Description
which we learn :
"
one sanctuary also or kirkzaird callit in Erische Religoran, quhilk is a very fair kirkzaird and weill biggit about
the cloister, may be seen.
526 See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's
Colmkill, there is
be seen in the work just quoted, plates40, 42. 522 It is stated, that in 1460, Pope Pius V. proposed to visit the library of Iona. See Cosmo Innes' " Parochiales Sco-
Origines tke," vol. ii. , part i. , p. 300.
" Scotia of the
525Atthewestendofthepresentruinsof the Abbey church, the foundations of a quad- Within this Isle of rangular cell, attached to the west wall of
to Donald Munro, Arch-
524 See Martin's "
Western Isles of Scotland," p. 258.
S*8
deacon of the Isles, and who made a tour of themin1549. Hehasleftusaninteresting "Description of the Western Isles," from
"
Life of St. Columba," Additional Notes
June 9. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 569 this must be a vulgar error, as the patron's grave could hardly have been
from the chief back to the twelfth
26
The
Nunnery,5
27 which is
supposed
to date
apart
cemetery. * 28
now
retains evidence of its former elegance; but, its peculiar style of Irish
Romanesque architecture was not older than the thirteenth century. The walls of its—church were 60 feet by 20. 530 Another church is called Tempul
"
45, Goodall's edition.
Scotichronicon,"vol. i. , lib. ii. , cap. x. , p.
«
vol. ii. , part i. , p. 297.
530 gee
Origines Parochiales Scotiae,"
"
Description of the Western Isles
Martin's
of Scotland," p. 262.
century,5 although
itseems— fromaSt. Ronan532 wh a probable
Ronan 53»
the Island of Rona 533 and it was called the parish church.
the Nunnery enclosure. It is first mentioned a. d. 1561, in the Rental of the Bishopric. In a. d. 1795, it was still entire, but in a tottering condition. 534 There was a small chapel denominated Cill-Chamnich, or the church of Cain- nech,533dedicatedtothatintimatefriendofSt. Columba. Itstoodcloseto the site of the present parish church, but the foundations have been removed some years ago, and nothing now remains but a few tombstones to mark the
A
short distance from the cathedral, and to the south-east of it. 538 Dr. Samuel Johnson539andJamesBoswell54°makeallusiontoitintheyear1773. Near the Chapter House of the cathedral, and to the north-east, there is a nameless chapel, measuring $5 feet by 16. 54 1 In the centre of the Island, and behind Cnocmor, there is a remarkable valley, called Gleann-an-Teampull, or u Glen of the Church,"S42 and it inclines towards the south-west, opening out on the north of the Machar. This glen has a level floor, and a well-defined range of hill, walled in on either side. 543
O, p. 416, and nn. (k, 1). size as St. Oran's chapel.
527 This was dedicated to the Blessed 538 The interior was used for burial in Pen-
"
Virgin Mary. Its nuns were Augustinians, nant's time. See Tour in Scotland and
and they wore a white gown, with a rochet of Voyage to the Hebrides," vol. ii. , p. 254. fine linen. See Reg. Sec. Sig. , vol. iii. , fol. 209. Several tombstones have been found in it,
528 The Macdonald Manuscript, which but without any inscription.
cemetery.
ruin,53
6 called Caibeal Muire or 53? is situate a Mary's Chapel,
seem to have borrowed from an earlier authority, states, that Beatrix, the only daughter of Sommerlid, who died in 1 164, was prioress of Icollumkille. "Collectanea," p. 287.
s 29 Foidun speaks of this nunnery, in his
'' 539SeeArthurMurphy's WorksofSamuel
Johnson, LL. D. , vol. viii. , A Journey to the
Western Islands of Scotland," pp. 392 to
394-
5*° In his "Journal," or relation of his
voyage with Johnson, p. 266. Carruthers' edition. This work was published in 1785. 5+1 This is marked in Graham's "Anti- quities of Iona," on the ground-plan of the
cathedral, plate 32.
5 * 2 No ecclesiastical ruins can be there ob-
served. See Rev. Dr. J. F. S. Gordon's
"Iona," pp. 25 to 34.
5*3 In the Irish Annals at 1203, we read,
that a monastery had been erected by Ceal-
lach, without any legal right, and despite the family of Hy, in the middle of Cro-Hy, and it did much damage to the town. The clergy of the north of Ireland passed over into Hy, and, in accordance with the law of the Church, they pulled down the aforesaid monastery. See account of this transaction, in Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters," vol. iii. , pp. 134 to 137, and nn. (b, c, d). The Rev. Dr. Reeves thinks, that this record has referrence to the place in the middle of Cro-Hy. See his Adam-
" the church Ronad, —in
53' It is
which several prioresses are buried. "
styled
532 His feast-day does not appear to be known exactly, but he was probably com- memorated at St. Ronan's of Ness in Lewis.
533 it is situated about fifty miles north of
the Butt of Lewis. Also, Port Ronan, the
principal landing place in Iona, is named after him.
"
Old Statistical Account of Scot- land, "vol. xiv. , p. 202.
53* See
535 The patron of Kilkenny, and whose
feast occurs on the nth of October. From
him the neighbouring Island, called Inch
Kenzies derives its name, and it was for-
merly dependent on Iona. The Mackensie nan's "Life of St. Columba," Additional clan esteemed him as their Patron Saint.
536 The
Notes P, p. 417.
5«* In Mr. Drummond read 1870, James
a paper before the Society of Antiquaries of
have fallen.
537 Jt seems to have been about the same
gables
529 still greatly dilapidated, yet
i
so
name to It lies inside
gives
570 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [June 9.
Of late years, vandalic depredations have been perpetrated on the monu-
ments at Iona. 544 Not alone the ignorant villagers, but well-dressed tourists,
have been known to chip off fragments of richly-traced tombs, and even
the carved heads of 5 * 5 however, the Duke of who is owner of figures ; Argyll,
theIsland,hassinceinterferedtopreservetheruinsandmonuments. The
old cemeteries of Iona, are, the Reilig Odhrain, or burial-ground of Odhran,546 the most ancient place of Christian sepulture on the Island ; the cathedral enclosure 5*7 Cladh Ronain,548 or the burial-ground of Ronan ;
;
Kilchainnich,S49 now disused ; Cill-ma-Gobhannain,55° also called Cill-ma-
Neachdain ;55i Cladh-an-Diseart S52 or burial-ground of the Desert 5 " Cladh- ;
that a journeyman blacksmith from the Island of Mull had removed thither a slab, which marked the resting place of four Priors, and it was held by archaeologists to have been the finest specimen of Celtic work in the cemetery.
distance to the north-east of the cathedral,
and in the low ground near the water's
edge.
553 Near it on the south is Port-an-Diseart,
or Port of the Desert.
554 This is near the Free Church, at
of the Druids sss Cladh-na-Meirghe;556
nan-Druineach554 or
and a nameless cemetery,547 at Culbhuirg, on the north-west side of the Island.
It is said, that formerly, there were no less than 360 crosses to be seen on
this Island, which were all destroyed by a provincial assembly, held on the place a little after the Reformation, and that their foundations were to be seen so late as i693. S58 Sacheverell,559 as cited by Pennant,56° states, that " the synod ordered 60 crosses to be thrown into the sea. " It is alleged, likewise, that numbers of them were carried away to different parts of western Scotland, and among these were the two beautiful crosses of Inverary and of Campbeltown.
it,
scription of Scotland," p. 18.
48° See a description of it, in the " Inl-
perial Gazetteer of Scotland," vol. ii. , pp.
386, 387. "
4Sl See Illustrations of the Topography
and Antiquities of the Shires of Aberdeen
puero Episcopum Columbam qui primus sedem Dunkelde re-
June 9. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 565
and pre- sented an illustration, in chap. xiii. of this
scription of Scotland," p. 18.
497 See Rev. Mackenzie E. C. Walcott's
biography.
491 Professor J. Y. Simpson has in the
fullest manner described the old stone-roofed cell or oratory, with other ancient remains on Inchcolm, while several excellent woodcuts assist the reader in obtaining still more accurate notions
of that See. 48 ° Inchcolm. —This was an island in 19.
dated with the
the Firth of Forth, which had an ancient church w° dedicated to St. Colvtmba. It is nearly six miles north-west from the harbour of Granton, and about
history
orninemilesfrom Theoldchurchtherehasthe— and eight Edinburgh. type
features of our most ancient Irish oratories/? 1 20. Kincardine. This is
situated in the detached of a—nd on the Forth. 492 A croft portion Perthshire,
494
of land of St. Colme was here. 4 ? * 21. Dry men. This is a parish in Len-
nox, and in the west of Stirlingshire. The church was under the title of St.
Columba,495 and his yearly market, called St. Colm's Fair, was formerly held
here, on the 9th of June. 4? 6 In addition to the foregoing list of Rev. Dr.
Reeves, it may be noted, that St. Columba is said,4" also, to have lived in
Dull, an extensive parish in Perthshire, where there are remains of several
Pictish forts, moats, barrows and standing stones, as also a Druidical circle ;
besides, there was a monastery of a peculiar character, and called an abthanery,
only two specimens of which existed in Scotland. It conferred on the village
of Dull the right of sanctuary, similar to that of Holyrood. The Grampian
Hills run through this parish, while its scenery comprises every variety ot landscape, from the sublimely beautiful to the softly bland. 498 Adamnan
makes mention, likewise, of a monastery, called Kailli-abinde, and founded,
after Columba's departure from Ireland. 400 This monastery was somewhere
in Scotland or its western isles, it seems probable, rather than in Ire-
00
land. *
The more modern churches dedicated to St. Columba are numerous, not
alone in Ireland and Scotland, but, in the most distant parts of the earth, and especially, in the United States of America. It is not possible for us to enumerate all those in Ireland, for want of returns from the various dioceses, in authoritative and accessible form. However, to begin with the diocese and city of Dublin, there was a church of St. Columkille here during the middle ages, but its very site has long since disappeared. Near the city of Dublin, in Rathgar, the fine church sQI dedicated to the Three Patrons of Ireland, as a matter of course, includes St. Columba, he being one of them. In the diocese of Dublin, the beautiful new church of Ballybrack has been dedicated to St.
Columba and to St. Alphonsus. The parish church of Swords is also dedicated to St. Columba. The Catholic church of Grenane, at the opening into Glen-
malure, in the former parish of Rathdrum, county of Wicklow, was dedicated toSt. Columkille,bypermissionofhisEminenceCardinalCullen. 501 Thefine
488 To Kenneth Mac Alpin its erection has been ascribed, and in the seventh year of his reign, he is said to have transferred to it some relics of St. Columba.
ment of Scotland," vol. viii. , p. 509.
489 See Chalmers'
"Caledonia,"
vol.
i. ,
495 to local tradition. According
p. 435.
490 We have already noticed it,
496 See Paterson's " Geographical De-
land," vol. i. , pp. 410, 411.
*" Perhaps after his death, it had been
erected, by a Finten, son of Aidus, one of his
5°° See Rev. Dr. " Ecclesiasti- Lanigan's
cal History of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, xi. , sect, x. , p. 133, and n. 123, p. 143.
Gazetteer of Scotland," vol. ii. , pp. 222, 223. Dean of Dublin, and P. P. of Rathminesand
their cha- racteristics. See "Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland," vol. ii. ,
regarding
pp. 489 to 528.
492 It is described, in the "Imperial Rev. Monsignor William Meagher, D. D. ,
493 This is stated, in the
"
Acts of Parlia-
"
494 See a description, in Cosmo Innes
Origines Parochiales Scotise," vol. i. , pp.
37 to 39, and Appendix, p. 503.
"
Scoti-Monasticon," p. 231.
498 See the " Imperial Gazetteer of Scot-
disciples.
501 This has been erected by the late Very
Rathgar.
5 66 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [June 9.
Gothic cathedral of Derry has been dedicated to St. Columkille, the special Patron of the diocese; and, the college at Casino, adjoining the city, is also known as St. Columb's. In the diocese of Down, a very handsome new Gothic church has been erected at Holywood, by the Very Rev. James O'Laverty, P. P. ,5°3 and the first stone s°4 was laid by the Most Rev. Dr. Dorrian, on the 28th ofJuly, 1872. It was solemnly dedicated to God, under the invocation of St. Columkille, on the 14th of June, 1874. 505 This church was erected from designs furnished by T. Hevey, Esq. , Architect.
Catholic ^Church of St. Columkille, Holywood, County Down.
this —a seal- time, only
so Zaun chapel 510 pe-
culiar to Donegal in
the days of persecu- tion—over the placid estuary of the Mulroy, and having at its base the waters of the Atlantic Ocean, was used for purposes of Catholic worship. A hand-
505 Granted, at the request of Very Rev. Richard Galvin, P. P. , on the 14th of No-
"
Historical Ac- count of the Diocese of Down and Connor, Ancient and Modern," published in succes- sive years from 1878 to 1887, in four 8vo
volumes, Dublin.
s°4 This was brought from the ruined
church of Gartan, county of Donegal, and where St. Columkille was born.
505 The dedication sermon was preached by the eloquent Dominican, Father Thomas
Burke.
506 It is eighty-seven feet in length, by thirty-one feet in width.
507 It is twenty-four by twenty-two feet. 508 The accompanying illustration of this
fine church is from a photograph, kindly furnished by the Very Rev. James O'Laverty, P. P. It was copied on to the wood by
William F. "Wakeman, and it was engraved by Mrs. Millard.
509 The foregoing description in the text is from the work of the Very Rev. Janus
O'Laverty, vol. ii. , pp. 212 to 216.
vember, 1864.
503 The learned author of
It consists of a nave 506 and
50?
chancel, separated
by an elaborately moulded chancel arch,
supported on columns, having moulded bases
and carved capitals. There is also a tower,
eighteen feet square, at the south-west an-
gle, and the sacristy is on the same side. 508
The west end of the nave and tower makes
a facade of 55 feet, fac- ing the Belfast road. The nave is divided in length into six bays, and all the accessory details, interiorly and exteriorly are exceed-
ingly
In August of the year 187 1, in the parish of Kilmacrenan, in the diocese of Raphoe, a new Catholic church of St. Columkille was
opened.
Previous to
harmonious. 500
June 9. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 567
some modern Catholic church in Gothic style has been erected at Clonmore, county of Louth, by the late Father Markey, its former pastor, and it is dedi- cated to St. Columba. Several Protestant Episcopal churches and institu- tions have been dedicated to this saint. Among these may be mentioned the college of St. Columba near Rathfarnham, for the education of Protestant Episcopalianclergy. InRathmullan,ontheshoresofthe"LakeofShadows" is situated St. Columb's Protestant Episcopal church, which after undergoing architectural renovation and enlargement,511 was formally opened on October 8th, 1887. In Scotland, the following Catholic churches have been dedicated to St. Columba : Annan, in Dumfriesshire ; Rutherglen, in Lanarkshire ; and Drimnin, in Argyleshire. In the United States of America the following churches, chapels, and religious institutions have been dedicated to St. Columkille, viz. : Archdiocese of Boston, church at Brighton ; Archdiocese of Cincinnati, church at Wilmington, Clinton County ; Archdiocese of Mil- waukee, church at Elba, Dodge County, and church at Lakefive, Waukesha County; Archdiocese of New York, church in city, West Twenty-fifth-street, and St. Columba's female school ; Archdiocese of St. Louis, church in city, South St. Louis, church at Downpatrick, Jefferson County, and St. Colum- kill's parochial school, St. Louis ; Archdiocese of Chicago, church in city, corner of Paulina and West Indiana-street, church of Ottawa, La Salle County, St. Columkille's male and female schools, Chicago, and female school, Ottawa ; Diocese of Cleveland, church in city, and parochial schools, Youngstown, Mahoning County, church and schools; Diocese of Detroit, church at Sheridan, Huron County; Diocese of Erie, church in Stone- borough, Mercer County; Diocese of Harrisburg, church in Bloomsburg, Columbia County ; Diocese of La Crosse, church in Pine Hill, Jackson County; Diocese of Louisville, church in the city, corner of Washington and Buchanan-street, church in Lewisport, Hancock County, St. Columba's paro- chial schools, Louisville, and St. Columb's Academy, Bowling Green, Warren County ; Diocese of Newark, church in the city, corner of Pennsylvania Avenue and Thomas-street, and parochial schools; Diocese of St. Joseph, Church in Conception, Nodaway County; Diocese of St. Paul,
church at Belle Creek, Goodhue County; Vicariate Apostolic of Nebraska, church in Papillion, Sarpy County ; Vicariate Apostolic of Northern Min-
nesota,churchofSt. Columkille,StearnsCounty. InLowerCanada,Arch- diocese of Quebec is St. Columba's church, at Sillery ; in the diocese of Arichat is St. Columba's church, at Iona, Cape Breton ; in the Prefecture Apostolic of St. George's, West Newfoundland, there is a church of St. Columkille, and at Highlands, a district in Bay of St. George ; in the Arch- diocese of Toronto, a church at Mara, Uptergrove, P. O. , is also dedicated to this great saint.
There is every reason to believe, that a few centuries ago, various fine memorials of its decayed grandeur were preserved on St. Columba's Island. 512 These were allowed to crumble away, or they had been recklessly destroyed ; but of late years, owing to the Duke of Argyll, most creditable efforts have been made to preserve and restore—so far as possibly could be done—those
510 There, as tradition states, the saintly
Dr. O'Gallagher, while Bishop of Raphoe, and
while composing his celebrated Irish ser-
mons, was wont to celebrate Mass: tures are still to be seen in Donegal.
The scallauns were shed-like structures, 5 " For a more minute description and de- usually on some bleak mountain side, where tails, the reader is referred to the Irish room was found only for the altar and the Builder, of October 15th, 1887, vol. xxix. , priest, the congregation being obliged to No. 688, p. 281.
kneel in the open air, exposed to storms of sleet and rain in winter, and to the greatest heats of summer. Several of these struc-
5 68 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [June 9.
ancient buildings and relics of the past. Among the ecclesiastical ruins on Iona, none date back to the time of St. Columba, since the least and the most inconspicuous, but the most venerable and ancient of them all, is known as St. Odhrain's chapel 513 and this is probably the same building, which
;
Queen Margaret of Scotland is known to have erected 5I4 in memory of the
5 ' 5 and to have dedicated it to one of the most famous Columba's among
saint,
earlycompanions. 516 Itis builtofredgranite,5'7butitisrooflessandnowfast
It has no east window, but there are two narrow lights in the side walls near the eastern angles, that in the north being two feet high, while that in the south is three feet. In all probability, this chapel marks the site of thatstillhumblerchurchofwoodandwattlesinwhichColumbaworshipped. 518 Here, too, was the chief cemetery on the Island. 510 The most elegant and imposing of the buildings on Iona is that called in Gaelic the Eaclus Mor, or Great Church, which consists of nave, transepts and choir, in the Gothic
called the — House is the portion Chapter
decaying.
style.
usually
cloister
buildings,
called the Cathedral. It had a on the north sacristy
520 It is
side of the choir, and it had side chapels on the south. The capitals of some columns 5 " on the interior have bas-reliefs very similar to specimens found in Ireland. North of this abbey church are the ruins of the conventual or
and of these the
most ancient and the most remarkable. —The library 522 of which some
524 Near the west entrance, and seemingly beside the adjacent angle of the clois-
literary fragments have been preserved 523 was over the Chapter House.
ter,
popularly
a small chamber 525 called St. Columb's tomb is shown but,
;
s 12 The Rev. Dr. J. F. S. Gordon has pub- with stane and lyme. Into this sanctuary
lished a valuable work, "Iona," illustrating the various antiquities and objects of interest for the information of tourists to that Island. Introduction, pp. i. to xxviii. , and pp. I to 108. Glasgow, 1885, cr. 8vo.
there is three tombes of stane formit like little chapels, with ane braid gray marble or quhin stane in the gavill of ilk ane of the tombes. " Theseslabsofmarble,hetellsus, bore respectively the inscriptions Tumulus
RegumScotie, TumulusRegumHibcrnie,aud r
513 According to Fordun, this place
existed as a cemetery even before St. Co- Tumulus Regum A oi~we-ie : while in these
"
lumba came to Iona. See Scotichroni- tombs were buried 48 Scotch, 4 Irish, and 8
con," vol. i. , lib. iii. , cap. xxiv. , p. 128, Norwegian Kings. Of these tombs nothing
Goodall's edition,
s14 " Queen Margaret died in A. D. 1092,
and therefore any building which she erected must date very nearly five hundred years after Columba's death ; that is to say, the most ancient building which exists upon Iona must be separated in age from Co- lumba's time by as many centuries as those w—hich now separate us from Edward III. "
" Iona," by the Duke of Argyll, chap, ii. ,
pp. 84, 85.
s'S It was called "the larger Columcille
chapel. "
5' 6 See the " Ulster Journal of Archaeo-
now remains, but supposed vestiges, and these are locally denominated Iomaire-nan-Rig/i,
"
or the Ridge of the Kings. "
520 In Graham's "Antiquities of Iona," there are views of the East and West fronts,
plates 30, 31.
5" Drawings of some of these bas-reliefs may
logy*" vol. i. , p. 831. " 5'7 See Cosmo Innes'
523 In several were 1525, Manuscripts
brought from Iona to Aberdeen, and although these were much injured and
almost illegible, they appeared to have been fragments of Sallust, and also of some Scot-
Origines Paro- chiales Scotiae," vol. ii. , part i. , p. 298.
5 lS See "Iona," by the Duke of Argyll, chap, ii. , p. 85.
tish Chronicles. See Father Sacra," pp. 487, 488.
Hay's
According
Description
which we learn :
"
one sanctuary also or kirkzaird callit in Erische Religoran, quhilk is a very fair kirkzaird and weill biggit about
the cloister, may be seen.
526 See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's
Colmkill, there is
be seen in the work just quoted, plates40, 42. 522 It is stated, that in 1460, Pope Pius V. proposed to visit the library of Iona. See Cosmo Innes' " Parochiales Sco-
Origines tke," vol. ii. , part i. , p. 300.
" Scotia of the
525Atthewestendofthepresentruinsof the Abbey church, the foundations of a quad- Within this Isle of rangular cell, attached to the west wall of
to Donald Munro, Arch-
524 See Martin's "
Western Isles of Scotland," p. 258.
S*8
deacon of the Isles, and who made a tour of themin1549. Hehasleftusaninteresting "Description of the Western Isles," from
"
Life of St. Columba," Additional Notes
June 9. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 569 this must be a vulgar error, as the patron's grave could hardly have been
from the chief back to the twelfth
26
The
Nunnery,5
27 which is
supposed
to date
apart
cemetery. * 28
now
retains evidence of its former elegance; but, its peculiar style of Irish
Romanesque architecture was not older than the thirteenth century. The walls of its—church were 60 feet by 20. 530 Another church is called Tempul
"
45, Goodall's edition.
Scotichronicon,"vol. i. , lib. ii. , cap. x. , p.
«
vol. ii. , part i. , p. 297.
530 gee
Origines Parochiales Scotiae,"
"
Description of the Western Isles
Martin's
of Scotland," p. 262.
century,5 although
itseems— fromaSt. Ronan532 wh a probable
Ronan 53»
the Island of Rona 533 and it was called the parish church.
the Nunnery enclosure. It is first mentioned a. d. 1561, in the Rental of the Bishopric. In a. d. 1795, it was still entire, but in a tottering condition. 534 There was a small chapel denominated Cill-Chamnich, or the church of Cain- nech,533dedicatedtothatintimatefriendofSt. Columba. Itstoodcloseto the site of the present parish church, but the foundations have been removed some years ago, and nothing now remains but a few tombstones to mark the
A
short distance from the cathedral, and to the south-east of it. 538 Dr. Samuel Johnson539andJamesBoswell54°makeallusiontoitintheyear1773. Near the Chapter House of the cathedral, and to the north-east, there is a nameless chapel, measuring $5 feet by 16. 54 1 In the centre of the Island, and behind Cnocmor, there is a remarkable valley, called Gleann-an-Teampull, or u Glen of the Church,"S42 and it inclines towards the south-west, opening out on the north of the Machar. This glen has a level floor, and a well-defined range of hill, walled in on either side. 543
O, p. 416, and nn. (k, 1). size as St. Oran's chapel.
527 This was dedicated to the Blessed 538 The interior was used for burial in Pen-
"
Virgin Mary. Its nuns were Augustinians, nant's time. See Tour in Scotland and
and they wore a white gown, with a rochet of Voyage to the Hebrides," vol. ii. , p. 254. fine linen. See Reg. Sec. Sig. , vol. iii. , fol. 209. Several tombstones have been found in it,
528 The Macdonald Manuscript, which but without any inscription.
cemetery.
ruin,53
6 called Caibeal Muire or 53? is situate a Mary's Chapel,
seem to have borrowed from an earlier authority, states, that Beatrix, the only daughter of Sommerlid, who died in 1 164, was prioress of Icollumkille. "Collectanea," p. 287.
s 29 Foidun speaks of this nunnery, in his
'' 539SeeArthurMurphy's WorksofSamuel
Johnson, LL. D. , vol. viii. , A Journey to the
Western Islands of Scotland," pp. 392 to
394-
5*° In his "Journal," or relation of his
voyage with Johnson, p. 266. Carruthers' edition. This work was published in 1785. 5+1 This is marked in Graham's "Anti- quities of Iona," on the ground-plan of the
cathedral, plate 32.
5 * 2 No ecclesiastical ruins can be there ob-
served. See Rev. Dr. J. F. S. Gordon's
"Iona," pp. 25 to 34.
5*3 In the Irish Annals at 1203, we read,
that a monastery had been erected by Ceal-
lach, without any legal right, and despite the family of Hy, in the middle of Cro-Hy, and it did much damage to the town. The clergy of the north of Ireland passed over into Hy, and, in accordance with the law of the Church, they pulled down the aforesaid monastery. See account of this transaction, in Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters," vol. iii. , pp. 134 to 137, and nn. (b, c, d). The Rev. Dr. Reeves thinks, that this record has referrence to the place in the middle of Cro-Hy. See his Adam-
" the church Ronad, —in
53' It is
which several prioresses are buried. "
styled
532 His feast-day does not appear to be known exactly, but he was probably com- memorated at St. Ronan's of Ness in Lewis.
533 it is situated about fifty miles north of
the Butt of Lewis. Also, Port Ronan, the
principal landing place in Iona, is named after him.
"
Old Statistical Account of Scot- land, "vol. xiv. , p. 202.
53* See
535 The patron of Kilkenny, and whose
feast occurs on the nth of October. From
him the neighbouring Island, called Inch
Kenzies derives its name, and it was for-
merly dependent on Iona. The Mackensie nan's "Life of St. Columba," Additional clan esteemed him as their Patron Saint.
536 The
Notes P, p. 417.
5«* In Mr. Drummond read 1870, James
a paper before the Society of Antiquaries of
have fallen.
537 Jt seems to have been about the same
gables
529 still greatly dilapidated, yet
i
so
name to It lies inside
gives
570 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [June 9.
Of late years, vandalic depredations have been perpetrated on the monu-
ments at Iona. 544 Not alone the ignorant villagers, but well-dressed tourists,
have been known to chip off fragments of richly-traced tombs, and even
the carved heads of 5 * 5 however, the Duke of who is owner of figures ; Argyll,
theIsland,hassinceinterferedtopreservetheruinsandmonuments. The
old cemeteries of Iona, are, the Reilig Odhrain, or burial-ground of Odhran,546 the most ancient place of Christian sepulture on the Island ; the cathedral enclosure 5*7 Cladh Ronain,548 or the burial-ground of Ronan ;
;
Kilchainnich,S49 now disused ; Cill-ma-Gobhannain,55° also called Cill-ma-
Neachdain ;55i Cladh-an-Diseart S52 or burial-ground of the Desert 5 " Cladh- ;
that a journeyman blacksmith from the Island of Mull had removed thither a slab, which marked the resting place of four Priors, and it was held by archaeologists to have been the finest specimen of Celtic work in the cemetery.
distance to the north-east of the cathedral,
and in the low ground near the water's
edge.
553 Near it on the south is Port-an-Diseart,
or Port of the Desert.
554 This is near the Free Church, at
of the Druids sss Cladh-na-Meirghe;556
nan-Druineach554 or
and a nameless cemetery,547 at Culbhuirg, on the north-west side of the Island.
It is said, that formerly, there were no less than 360 crosses to be seen on
this Island, which were all destroyed by a provincial assembly, held on the place a little after the Reformation, and that their foundations were to be seen so late as i693. S58 Sacheverell,559 as cited by Pennant,56° states, that " the synod ordered 60 crosses to be thrown into the sea. " It is alleged, likewise, that numbers of them were carried away to different parts of western Scotland, and among these were the two beautiful crosses of Inverary and of Campbeltown.
