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by serpents, Trophonius and Hercyna, resembling i. 18, 19; Sall. Hist. ii. ap. Gell. x, 20; Liv.
the statues of Asclepius and Hygeia. (Paus. ix. xxiii. 43. ) The Herennii were a family of rank in
39. & 2. ) Hercyna founded the worship of Deme Italy. They were the hereditary patrons of the
ter at Lebadeia, who hence received the surname of Marii. (Plut. Mar. 5. ) Herennius was a leading
Hercyna. (Lycoph. 153, with the note of Tzetzes. ) senator of Nola in Campania (Liv. xxiii. 43); and
Hercyna was worshipped at Lebadeia in common M. Herennius was decurio of Pompeii about B. C.
with Zeus, and sacrifices were offered to both in 63. (Plin. H. N. ii. 51. ) From a coin (see be-
common. (Liv. xlv. 27. )
(L. S. ] low), from the cognomen Siculus (Val. Max, ix.
HERDO'NIUS, AP'PIUS, a Sabine chieftain, 12. '$ 6), and the settlement of an Herennius at
who, in 2. c. 460, during the disturbances that Leptis as a merchant (Cic. in Verr. i. 5, v. 59),
preceded tne Terentilian law at Rome, with a band one branch at least of the family seems to have
of outlaws and slaves, made himself master of the been engaged in commerce (Macrob. Sat. iii. 6;
capitol. The enterprise was so well planned and Serv. ad Aen. viii. 363), especially in the Sicilian
conducted, that the first intimation of it to the and African trade, and in the purchase and ex-
people of Rome was the war-shout and trumpets of portation of the silphium — ferula Tingitana
the invaders from the summit of the capitoline hill. (Sprengel, Rei Herbar. p. 84), from Cyrene. (Plin.
Herdonius was most probably in league with a H. N. xix. 3. ) The Herennii appear for the first
section of the patrician party, and especially with time in the Fasti, B. C. 93.
Under the empire
the Fabian house, one of whose members, Kaeso they held various provincial and military offices
Fabius, had recently been exiled for his violence (Joseph. Antiq. xviji. 16; Tac. Hist. iv. 19; Dion
in the comitia. Without some connivance within Cass. lxvii. 13; Plin. Ep. vii. 33); and the wife
the city, the exploit of Herdonius seems incredible. of the Emperor Decius (A. D. 249) was Herennia
At the head of at least 4000 men (Liv. iii. 15; Etruscilla. ( ETRUSCILLA ; Etruscus. ] The cog-
Dionys. x. 14), he dropped down the Tiber, passed nomens which occur under the republic are Bal-
unhailed under the walls of Rome, and through the bus, Bassus, CERRINIUS, PONTIUS, and SICULUS.
Carmental gate, which, although from a religious As the surnames of Balbus, Bassus, and Cerrinius,
feeling (Liv. ii. 49; Ov. Fasti, ii. 201), it was have been omitted under these names, they are
always open, was certainly not usually unguarded, placed under the gentile name.
and ascended the clivus capitolinus by a peopled For the cognomens under the empire, see the
street, the vicus jugalis. Herdonius proclaimed alphabetical list on p. 408.
freedom to slaves who should join him, abolition of In the Herennian, as in other families of Sabel-
debts, and defence of the plebs from their oppres- lian origin, a peculiarity in the system of names is
But his ottirs attracted neither bond nor free to be noted. To the family or paternal name was
man, and his demand that the exiles should be re-added that of the mother or wife. Thus the son of
called was equally disregarded. His success indeed Cerrinius and Minia Paculla (Liv. xxxix. 13) is
was confined to the capture of the citadel. On the Minius Cerrinius, who, by marriage with an ble
fourth day from his entry the capitol was re-taken, rennia, becomes Herennius Cerrinius. The son
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## p. 407 (#423) ############################################

HERENNIUS.
407
HERENNIUS.
MERENAI
COIN OP HERENNLA GENS,
of the emperor Decius and Herennia Etruscilla was | temple legend. (Masurius Sabinus, Memorial. ii.
styled Herennius Etruscus Messius Decius. There ap. Macrob. Sat. iii. 6; Serv. ad Aen. viii. 363. )
was both assumption and deposition of names in The latter, indeed, calls the pious merchant M.
this system. Thus Minius Cerrinius dropped the Octavius Eserninus, but his version of the story is
former of his appellations when he took that of substantially the same with that in Macrobius.
Herennius. (Comp. Göttling, Staatsverfassung der 5. C. HERENNIUS, was the hereditary patron
Röm. p. 5, &c. )
(W. B. D. ] of the Marii, and possessed probably a patrimonial
estate near Arpinum. When C. Marius the elder,
about B. c. 115, was impeached for bribery at his
praetorian comitia, Herennius was cited, but re-
fused to give evidence against him, alleging that
it was unlawful for a patron to injure his client.
(Plut. Mar. 5. )
6. M. HERENNIUS, was consul in B. C. 93.
(Fast. ; Obseq. 112. ) Although a plebeian and an
indifferent orator, he carried his election against the
high-born and eloquent L. Marcius Philippus.
The preceding coin, which represents on the ob- (Cic. Brut. 45, pro Muren. 17. ) Pliny (É. N.
verse a female head, with the legend PIETAS, and 19, 3) mentions the consulate of Herennius as re-
on the reverse a son carrying his father in his arms, markable for the quantity of Cyrenaic silphium-
has reference to the celebrated act of filial affec- ferula Tingituna (Sprengel, Rei Herbar. p. 84. ),
tion of two brothers of Catana, who carried off their then brought to Rome. This costly drug was
aged parents in the midst of an eruption of Mount worth a silver denarius the pound ; and the mer-
Aetna. (Comp. Claudian, Idyll. 7; Eckhel, vol. cantile connections of the Herennii in Africa may
i. p. 203, vol. v. p. 224. )
have caused this unusual supply.
HERE'NNIUS. 1. C. HERENNIUS, was, ac- 7. C. HERENNIUs, was tribune of the plebs in
cording to some annalists, one of three commis- B. C. 80, and opposed a rogatio of L. Sulla, the
sioners for assigning lands to the Latin colony at dictator, for recalling Cn. Pompey from Africa.
Placentia, in B. c. 218. An insurrection of the (Sall. Hist. ii. ap. Gell
. x. 20 ; comp. Plut.
Boian Gauls compelled Herennius and his colleagues Pomp. 13. ). After the death of Sulla, this Heren-
to take refuge in Mutina. (Liv. xxi. 25. ). Ac pius probably joined Sertorius in Spain, B. c. 76–
cording to Polybius (iii. 40), the commissioners 72: since a legatus of that name was defeated and
fell into the hands of the insurgents.
slain by Pompey near Valentia. (Plut. Pomp.
2. HERENNIUS Bassus, was one of the principal 18; Zonar. x. 2 ; Sall. Hist. iii. fragm. p. 215.
citizens of Nola in Campania. The ruling order ed. Gerlach. min. ) Whether C. Herennius, a
in Nola was Sabellian (Liv. ix. 28 ; Strab. v. p. senator, convicted (before B. C. 69) of peculation
249); but from its zealous emulation of Cumae (Cic. in Verr. i 13. § 39), were the same person,
and Neapolis, Nola was almost a Greek city (Dio- is uncertain.
nys. xv. 5. fragm. Mai), and thence may have pro- 8. T. HERENNIUS, a banker at Leptis in Africa,
ceeded its staunch preference of a Roman to a whom C. Verres, while praetor in Sicily, B. c. 73
Carthaginian alliance: for Herennius was the 1–71, put to death, although his character and
spokesman of his fellow-citizens when, in B. c. 215, innocence were attested by more than a hundred
they rejected Hanno's proposals to revolt to Han- Roman citizens resident at Syracuse. (Cic. in Verr.
nibal
. (Liv, xxiii. 43. )
i. 5, v. 59. )
3. HEKENNIUS CERRINIUS, was the son of 9. C. HERENNIUS, to whom the treatise on
Paculla Minia, a Campanian woman, who lived at rhetoric-Rhetoricorum ad C. Herennium Libri IV.
Rome. Paculla was the arch-priestess, and Heren- -is addressed, cannot be identified with any of
nius one of the chief hierophants of the Baccha- the preceding or following Herennii (ad Herenn. i.
nalia in that city, B. c. 186. (Liv. xxxix. 13, 19. ) 1, ii. 1, iv. 1, 56). Respecting this work, see
It is probable that the son of Paculla became an CICERO, p. 726, &c.
Herennius by marriage with Herennia, according
10. M. HERENNIUS, decurio of Pompeii, about
to the Sabellian practice of annexing the wife's B. C. 63. Shortly before the conspiracy of Cati-
name to the paternal or family appellation. (See line, Herennius was killed by lightning from a
HERENNIA Gens and Göttling, Staatsverfassung cloudless sky. This was accounted a prodigy in
der Röm. p. 5. )
augural law, and the death of Herennius was
4. M. Octávius HERENNIUS, was originally reckoned among the portents which announced the
a Aute-player, but afterwards engaged in trade, danger of Rome from treason. (Plin. H. N. i.
and throve so well that he dedicated to Hercules a 51. )
tenth of his gains. Once, while sailing with his 1. C. HERENNIUS, son of Sext. Herennius
wares, Herennius was attacked by pirates, but he (Cic. ad Att. i. 18), was tribune of the plebs in
beat them off valiantly, and saved his liberty and B. C. 59, when he zealously seconded P. Clodius
cargo. Then Hercules showed Herennius in a CLAUDIUS, No. 40) in his efforts to pass by adop-
dream that it was he who had given him strength tion into a plebeian family. [FONTEIUS, No. 6. ]
in his need. So, when he came back to Rome, (Cic. ad Att. i. 18, 19. )
Herennius besought the senate for a piece of 12. L. HERENNIUS, a friend of Cicero, who
ground, whereon he built a chapel to Hercules, seconded L. Atratinus [ATRATINUS,' No. 7] in his
and placed in it an image of the god, and wrote un accusation of M. Caelius Rufus, B. c. 56. (Cic.
derneath the image “ Herculi Victori,” in token of pro Cael. 11. )
his deliverance from the pirates. The chapel stood 13. L. HERENNIUS Balbus, demanded that the
near the Porta Trigemina, at the foot of the Aven-slaves (familia) of Milo and Fausta his wife should
tine. The story of its foundation is probably a l be submitted to the torture, in order to elicit their
DD 4


## p. 408 (#424) ############################################

408
HERIUS.
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evidence respecting the murder of P. Clodius on HERMA'GORAS ('Epuayópas. ) 1. Of Temnas,
the 20th of January, B. C. 52. (Ascon. in Cic. a distinguished Greek rhetorician of the time of
Milonian. p. 35. Orelli. )
Pompey and Cicero. He belonged to the Rhodian
14. HERENNIUS, a young man of profligate school of oratory, and appears to have tried to excel
habits, whom Augustus expelled from the army. as an orator (or rather declaimer) as well as a
When the order was issued, he asked, “ How shall teacher of rhetoric. (Quintil. v. 3. & 59, viii. pr.
I present in yself at home? What can I say to $ 3; Suid. s. v. 'Epuayópas. ) But it is especially
my father ? ". "Tell him," replied Augustus, as a teacher of rhetoric that he is known to us. He
“that you did not like me. ” Herennius had been devoted particular attention to what is called the
scarred on the forehead by a stone, and boasted of invention, and made a peculiar division of the parts
it as an honourable wound. But Augustus coun- of an oration, which differed from that adopted by
selled him: “Herennius, next time you run away, other rhetoricians. (Quintil. iii. 1. $ 16. ) Cicero
do not look behind you. ” (Macrob. Sat. ii. 4. ) (de Invent. i. 6) opposes his system, but Quintilian
15. M. HERENNIUS, M. f. PICENS, was consul defends it (iii. 3. & 9, 5. SS 4, 16, &c. , 6. $ 56),
suffectus in the last two months of B. C. 34. The though in some parts the latter censures what
cognomen Picens is doubtful. As Picenum was a Cicero approves of. (Cic. de Invent. i. 11; Quintil.
Sabellian district, Picens may indicate a branch of iii. 6. $ 60, &c. ) But in his eagerness to systema-
the Herennia Gens settled therein. [W.