It is one of the Hebrides, about eight miles from the nearest
Scottish
coast, above six miles in length, and varying from a mile to three miles in breadth.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v4
His feast is noticed by Dean Cressy, as occurring at the 29th of April ; and, he is said to have been the assistant
and instructor of the holy Virgin and Martyr, St. Winefride, in the perfection of a religious life. 3 Short notices of this pious confessor are given, in the workofRev. S. Baring-Gould. -» St. Senanwasgreatlyesteemedforhismany virtues, for, at an early age, he had despised the world's vanities ; while he led an austere and a solitary life, in the northern part of Wales. This was within a territory, belonging to the father of St . Wenefrid,5 and who was called Thevith. The holy woman often paid visits to St. Senan, and she assisted at his funeral obsequies. ^ Saints Chebeus ^ and Senan departed this life before St. Wine- frid, and they were buried in the same cemetery. After her death, she was interred beside St. Senan, and at the head of St. Winefrid the remains of St. Chebeus lay. That burial ground afterwards became celebrated for the number of pilgnms it attracted, to obtain special and spiritual favours from tiiose saints. ' The English writer Alford has assigned the period of St. Senan to the seventh century. After his death, in the country of Danmonia,' or Cornubia,'" his memory was so greatly venerated, that a town and port were calledSenan. TheBollandiststhink"thepresentSt. Senantohavebeen identical with one similarly named, who had been venerated in the parish of Plou-san^ in the diocese of Laon, in Arnioric Britanny," at the 6th of March,'3 and that, from the Welsh, his cultiis had been extended to that part of France, since the Cambrian and Armoric Britons usually celebrated the memory of the same holy persons.
Article IX. ^St. Gondibert, Gumbert, or Gundibert, Martyr. \Seventh or Eighth Century. '\ While Ferrarius has a festival, and at this day, for St. Gumbert, in Scotia ;' yet, Father Daniel Papebroke asserts, that it was
ignorance of the present holy man's history and place, which caused him to make such an observation. The Bollandists have the Acts ' of St. Gonde-
bert, a Frenchman, said by some writers, to liave been martyred in Ireland. 3
"See "Proceedings of the Royal Iiish Academy," Irish MSS. Series, vol. i. , part i. , pp. ijO, 131.
' Also called Cliebbi, or Cubbi.
'According to the "Vita S. Wenefridae," written by Rupert, Abbot of Shrewsbury, about the year 1140.
" Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
112, 113. — » Now Devon.
' '» Article vni. See "Acta Sancto-
At present Cornwall,
See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. ,
rum,," tomus iii. , Aprilisxxix.
' De Sancto Senano, confessore, in Ang-
lia, p. 620.
3 See "Church of
History Brittany,"
Book xvi. , chap, ix. , p. 391.
'See "Lives of the Saints," vol. iv. ,
April29,p. 364.
5 Her feast was kept, on the 3rd of No-
"
vemlier. The Kev. Alban Butler, in his Gumberti Mariyris. "
"^ Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and other
These are chiefly from the six old Lessons
principal Saint-;," vol. xi. , has an interesting account of St. Weiiefride, or Winefride, Virgin and Martyr, at that date.
' See " Les Petit-, Bollandi-stes, Vies des
of a Proper Office, which, liowever, are said
to have been considerably interpol;aed.
^ See "Acta Sanctorum,' tomus iii. iJe S. Gondcberto Mariyrc, Avennaci in
Saints," tome v. , xxix* Jour d'Aviil, Territorio Remensi, pp. 620 to 625.
p. 67.
Aprilis xxix. IJe Sancto Senano, Confessore
in Anglia, p. 620.
" to Albert le Grand. According
'3 See the notice of a St. Senan, at this
day, in the previous volume. Articleix. —'Hestates,in "Catalo-
gus Generalis Sanctorum:" "In Scotia S.
*
See' 'Lives of the Irish Saints," vol. iii. ,
548
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April 89.
He lias been noticed, at the 27th of March ;< but, many calendarists consider the 29ih of April s to have been tlie Natalis, for this holy man. He is called, likewise, Gunibert, Gundibert, or Gundebert. Under this latter designation, the Rev. S. Baring-Gould has some short notes regarding him, at this same date. ' It is supposed, St. Gondcberl flourished during the time of King Childeric 1 1. ,7 wlio succeeded Sigebert, King of Austrasia. As himself and his wife St. Bertha agreed to lead lives of strict chastity, tliey had no children. St. Gondibert founded a convent, which he dedicated to St. Peter, at Rheims;' but, according to the former Breviary of that Diocese,9 a hall, chapel and an oratory, were dedicated in that city to St. Patrick,'" and probably St. Gondi- bert was instrumental in some measure, by his founding or endowing them. If this be so, his connexion with St. Patrick's veneration seems an indication
of Gondil)ert Jiaving desired to seek the adopted country of our Patron, and to establish these religious monuments, before he went to Ireland. He erected a convent on liis own properly at Avesnes, and to this Bertha retired, for greater religious seclision. One account has it, that St. Guntbert sought a retreat, in some place beside the sea. " Again, it is stated, tliat he was with a people, dwelling around the coast of Alti Salis," and a monk of St. Remi- gius has rendered it the coast around Scotia. But, the exact locality cannot be known at present, with any degree of certainty, under that Latinized form ofname. However,FatherDanielPapebrokewillhaveit,thattheregionof the Altissalii was among the Frisons,'3 in the northern parts of Austrasia. Those Prisons were formerly a barbarous people, whose country of Frisia was conterminous with tlie Northern Ocean. '< Still, it seems to us, that Father Papebroke does not satisfactorily account for the name Scotia being changed for another, by the old writers, who have alluded to St. Gundibert's place of retreat. Pajjebroke finds in that district, comprising the diocese of Utrecht,
beyond tlie River Isala,'5 a city named Altenzel or Oldenzel,'' an ancient settlement of the Franco Salii ;'? and, he sui>i)0ses, as these Salii lived near the Saxons, or Prisons, that the word Scotia may have been usurped for
March xxvii. , Ariide xii.
circa oras Altisalii, gentili detinebatur in-
5 " Fcrrarius, in his
sania. "— iv. From this Catalogus Generalis Lect.
Sanctoium," and Menani, in his
ologium BeiiediCtinum," are of the num- ber.
' See "Lives of the Saints," vol. iv. ,
April 29, pp. 364, 365.
' See au account of his reic;n in L. P. virtue
—
Anquetil's ''Histoire de Fr. iiice. '' Pre- natiuns.
"
account, Pape- broke argues, that Ire'and could not have been the counuy 10 wliich Gundebert retired, as long before his time, St. Pairick had con- verted it to llie Christian Faitli, and that, also, in liis age, our Islam', was a school of
Mailyr-
'^ Their country lay between the Rivers
Rhine and Weser. They are divided into
theM^ijoror Oriental Fnsons and into the
Minor or Occidental Prisons. See Bav-
"
No\-um Lexicon Geographicum," toinus i. , p. 302.
'* For a more recent account of them, the
"
'5 See the " Atlas Classica," No. 32, Ger-
mania Antiqua.
'° Now a town in the Netherlands, and in
the province of Oiery>sel. See Alex. Keith This is the account given, by Klodoar- Johnstone's "Dictionary of Geoyr. iphy,
miere Racedite des Merovingiens, sect, v. ,
p. 54.
'See Rev. S. Baring-Gould's "Lives of
the Saints," vol. iv. , April 29, p. 365.
» It wns piinted A. D. 1630. In it. at the 29th of April, there is an Olliciuin Sitnplex for Si. Gunibert, . Martyr, wilh only one Lesson. This has tlie approbation of Limis, Cardinal from Lolliaringia. then Archbishop
of Rheims.
'" See tlie Bollandists' "Acta Sancto-
rum," toinus iii. , Aprilis xxix. De S.
Gondeberto, Martyre, Avennaci inTerritorio
drands
Remens', Piiimiuni, sect. 13, p. 622.
"
dus, in his " Historia Remensis," lib. iv. , '
cap. xivii.
" In the Old Office of St. Gundebert, it is
Descriptive, Physical, Statistical and Histo- rical," i. c. , p. 964. London, 1850, Svo.
' Papebioke adds: "a quibus Saliis etiam hodie lota ad Isalam regiuncula, cujus
said
" :
Illo namque tempore gens habitans
and
learning
for all the
surrounding
reader i-^ relerred to Elisee Reclus'
velle Geogr. iphie UniverscUe," tome iii. , pp. 739, 740.
Nou-
April 29. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 549
Frisia or Saxonia. '' Having left France for Irelanrl, Gondibert built a monas- tery there, according to received accounts. It is needless to state, its site has not been, and most probably it cannot be, discovereil. However, some marauders having invaded tiie lands belonging? to his monastery, he went forth, entreating them to respect the property of his monks. Instead of re- garding this remonstrance, they fell upon him, and during the onset, he was killed. "9 According to Saussay, liis death happened in Scoiia. ''° His relics and those of St. Bertha were preserved, it is stated, in the church or chapel at Avesnes. Whatever we know regarding both saints is ciiiefly drawn from the chronicler Flodoard, wlio lived in the tentii century. ^' Tiiis holy Martyr Gondebert was greatly venerated, in the Diocese of Rheims ; and, his office occurs in the Breviary of that See. However, the Lections have gone through various amplifications. " Although several writers, as we have seen, regard St. Gumbert, or Gundibert, as havmg spent the years of his exile in Ireland, andaltliough for such reason, we have already given place to him, in our col- lection, at the 27th of March ; still, it must be here noticed, we do not con- sider the evidences sufficiently weighty, to establish that matter beyond question.
Article X. —St. Enan, of Inis Aego, or Egg Island, Scotland.
A record is found, in the published Martyrology of Tallagh," at the 29th of April, regarding Enan, Eago. ' The Boliandists' have it, Enanus de insula
Ega, quoting the same authority, at this day. The Island of Egg or EigL;,< in Scotland, is rendered Eaga, at the 17th of April, and here . \ego, is proba- bly only another spelling, which applies to the same place.
It is one of the Hebrides, about eight miles from the nearest Scottish coast, above six miles in length, and varying from a mile to three miles in breadth. 5 In our Irish calendar, moreover, at the 22nd of December, allusion is made to an Ard
Aego ;* and, it seems probable, this place does not differ from the Island iu question. On this day was venerated, Enan, of Inis Aego,' as we find entered, likewise, in the Martyrology of Donegal. '
Article XI. —Reputed Festival of Marianus Scotus.
{Eleventh Century. ] Already, at the 30th of January, we have given several notices, regarding this holy man. Cardinal Bellarmine ' has written his Life. In the
caput Altisalia est, Zallandia, id est, Salio-
rum regio nuncupatur. "
'* Paiebroke says: "Proxima his etiam
'
In ihe Fianciscan copy, we have en&m
finibus S. ixonia erat, gentilis adhnc tota etiam ip>a ; ui pro alterutro nomine Frisiae ant S. ixoiiix, . Scotice n. mien poiuerit obrep-
654.
^ See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. ,
Aprilis xxix. Among tlie pretenniued saints, p. 611.
• S^e Bishop Forbes' " Kalendars of Scottish Saints," p. 332.
s yee " The Ediiibur^'h Gazetteer, or Geo- graphical l^ictionary," &c. , vol. ii. , p. 566. Ediiiburiih, 1822, 8vo.
—" Atta
tomus iii. , Aprilis xxix. De S. Gondeberto
banctoruni," Martyre, Avennaci in Territorio Remcnsi,
sisse imiJtritis. "
Prologus, num. 5, 6, p. 621.
'>hee Rev. S. Uarin^-GciuU's Lives of
the Saints," vol. iv. , April 29, p. 365. "Seehis "MartyrologiumGallic. mum. " "See " llistoiie Liteiaire de la France,"
tomevi. , Siecle x. , p. 289.
"See Rev. S. Baring-Gould's "Livesofthe
Saints," vol. iv. , April 29, p. 364. '
°
Edited by iJrs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
Article x. — Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xxii. .
1 14, 1 15. —' Article XI.
See
"
Opera," tomus vii.
"'
See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's "Life
of St. Culumba," Additional Notes K, p.
308.
'Dr. Reeves in a note states, that the
name Aego occurs in the Dontgal calendar at January I2th and at April lOth.
550
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[April 29.
" Menologiiim
Scotorum " of Thomas
date, for Marianus Scotus, the illustrious historian, who lived at Fulda. According to the same author, he corrected the paschal cycle of Uenis liie Small, a Roman Abbot, and his remains were brought to the Royal Cross, in Scotland. Besides his celebrated Chronicle, other works have been ascribed to him. 3 But, as Brower and other writers of Fulda mention nothing about the veneration of Marianus as a saint, at that place; the Bollandists* just notice Dempster's remarks, at this date, requirmg more certain intelligence regarding Marianus and his reputed festival. He died a. d. 1083, according to Cardinal Bellarmine. 5
Article XII. —St. Failbhe, of the Island. The name of Failbhe-
n-Inis is entered in the] published Martyrology of Tallagh,' at the 29th of April. ' However, the BoUandists, referring to the same authority at this date, enter only Failbeus. 3 On the 29th day of April, the Martyrology of Donegal registers simply Failbhe, as having been venerated. Some Irish insular situation must probably have been the place chosen for his retirement.
ArticleXIII. —St. Donnan,Priest. ThenameDonnanSac,acontraction
for Sacerdos, appears in the published Martyrology of Tallagh," at this date. ' Again, he is entered, by the BoUandists, 3 who quote the same record, for this day, as Donanus Sacerdos. In the Martyrology of Donegal • he is set down as Donnan, Priest.
Article XIV. —Martyrdom of St. German. The Feilire of St. . /Engus commemorates the Martyrdom of German, a Priest, at the 29th of April. ' He was probably one of those, who, with Prosdocus, the Deacon, and Valentinus, suffered martyrdom at Alexandria ;' but, about their names and places some differences are found, in ancient calendars. At the same
"De Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis," p. 350. Kelly, p. xxii.
'At the 29th of April, he writes:— 'In the Franciscan copy, we read,
"Fuldae Mariani monachi et historici Claris-
simi, qui Dionysii Exigui Abbatis Romani
cyclum paschalem correxit, et reliquice in
Scotiam ad Crucem Regalem delatae. B. "— p. 611.
Forbes' "Kalendars of Scottish * Edited Bisliop by
Drs. Todd and Reeves,
pp.
Saints," p. 197. 112, 113.
— ""—
3 See Bale and Nicholas Harpsfeld in Historia Ecclesiastica Anglicana.
See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. , Aprilis xxix. Among the pretermitted saints,
Article xiv. the Leabhar Breac
'
p. 611.
5 See "Opera," tomus vii.
bus Ecclesiasticis—," p. 350. '
"
De Scriptori-
Dr.
Article xii. Edited by Rev.
Kelly, p. xxii.
" In the Franciscan copy, we find, ITAilbe
in 1titf.
3 See "Acta S. anctorum," tomus iii. ,
Aprilis xxix. Among the pretermitted sainis, p. 611.
* Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
Thus translated by Dr. Whitley Stokes
:
112, 113. — Article xiii.
'
Edited by Rev. Dr.
Dempster,'
a feast is
entered,
at this
'OonnAni \&. c.
3 See " Acta Sanctorum," tonius iii. , Ap-
rilis xxix. Amongthe pretermitted saints,
This is the stanza in
TllAj\cp4 5sr"i*iri ciM)irtichii\ Ci\i)T batno^v AciachpA Coniiigeii cahi UAicne foposnlich id pAchnA.
— "PriestGerman's martyrdom, for Christ great was his afHiclion. Conningen, a fair pillar,
on one festival with Fiachna.
'See the BoUandists' "Acta Sancto-
rum," tomus iii. , Aprilis xxix. De SS. Ger- mano Presbytero, Prosdoco, et Valentino, Martyribus AlexandriiE. et forsan alibi,
p. 615,
:
April 29. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 551
date, in Nicomedia, among other Martyrs, there is one named German ; and,
for authority, the old Martyrology attributed to St. Jerome is quoted. ^ Little now seems to be known, about the Martyr in question.
Article XV. —St. Middanus, Abbot of Holywood, Scotland. Among the Scottish entries of David Camerarius,' at the 29th of April, there is a festival of this saint. We are told, that a bishop, styled Medanach in the
Dunkeld Litany, may probably be a disguised name for Modan, or Mosedhan. This seems to resemble an Irish form, although of the saint himself no other tradition remains, except that of places having been called after him in Scot- land. ' Now, it appears, that a cell and a hermit were at Holywood,^ in Dun- fries-shire,duringaveryearlyage;< but,itisinferred,asHolywoodformerly acquired the name Dercongal, or Dair-Congal, in the British and Scoto-Irish languages, that its patron must have borne the latter title. ' Still, nothing prevents us from fairly supposing, that the present Middan may have been connected with Holywood, and that he may have been Irish by birth, as most unquestionably, he must have been, by descent. It is thought,^ this must have been the St. Medan, of whom we find a trace on the Braes of Angus, at Airlie, and regarding whose memory there are local springs, named Maidie's well, near Ecclesmaldie,' in the Mearns, as also, a fine spring and a knoll, close to the ch\irch of Airlie. These are now known, by tiie name of St. Madden. * St. Maidie's bell was held in great veneration, for a long period,' at Airlie, but within the present century, it was sold as a bit of old iron. '°
Article XVI. —Feast of St. Brieitc, First Bishop and Patron OF the Diocese of Brieux, France. \^Fifth or Sixth Centuryi\ The Breviary of Laon Diocese, and which is cited by Albertus le Grand, places the festival of St. Brioc, or Brieuc, at the 29th of April. " The Acts of this saint will be found written, at the ist of May.
iSteUnd. DeSS. Pradentio, Martiale, Mackenzie E. CWalcott's "Scoti-Monas-
Sabbatio, Codomano, Basilio, Germano, ticon," p. 333.
Filocasto, Budentio, Urbano, et Pagata,
'"
See Bishop Forbes' Kalendars of
' Scottish Saints, p. 399.
' Now Inglismaldie. '"
Martynbus Nicomediae in Bith)mia. Article xv. —'He thus writes: "29 Die. SanclusMiddanusAhbasmonasterii Sacrum Hoscum dicti ordinis Sancti Dene- — Bishop Forbes' "Kalendars of Scottish
Saints," pp. 237, 399.
See ProceedingsoftheSocietyofAn- tiquaries of Scotland," vol. v. , p. 355. Also
dicti in Niddisdalia Scotise
provincii. "
Jervise p. 274.
" Memorials of Angus and Mearns,"
'
See (^(/. , p. 339.
' In the Cortachy Charters, it is stated, that one Michael David, the tenant and
hereditary possessor of this Bell, surrendered it to John Ogilvy, of Lentretliyn, knight, on
the 5th of June, 1447. The same Sir John afterwards bestowed the said Bell, with its
pertinents, on his spouse, L:\dy Margaret Ogilvy, Countess of Moray, for her lifetime
use. See "Miscellany of the Spalding Club," vol.
and instructor of the holy Virgin and Martyr, St. Winefride, in the perfection of a religious life. 3 Short notices of this pious confessor are given, in the workofRev. S. Baring-Gould. -» St. Senanwasgreatlyesteemedforhismany virtues, for, at an early age, he had despised the world's vanities ; while he led an austere and a solitary life, in the northern part of Wales. This was within a territory, belonging to the father of St . Wenefrid,5 and who was called Thevith. The holy woman often paid visits to St. Senan, and she assisted at his funeral obsequies. ^ Saints Chebeus ^ and Senan departed this life before St. Wine- frid, and they were buried in the same cemetery. After her death, she was interred beside St. Senan, and at the head of St. Winefrid the remains of St. Chebeus lay. That burial ground afterwards became celebrated for the number of pilgnms it attracted, to obtain special and spiritual favours from tiiose saints. ' The English writer Alford has assigned the period of St. Senan to the seventh century. After his death, in the country of Danmonia,' or Cornubia,'" his memory was so greatly venerated, that a town and port were calledSenan. TheBollandiststhink"thepresentSt. Senantohavebeen identical with one similarly named, who had been venerated in the parish of Plou-san^ in the diocese of Laon, in Arnioric Britanny," at the 6th of March,'3 and that, from the Welsh, his cultiis had been extended to that part of France, since the Cambrian and Armoric Britons usually celebrated the memory of the same holy persons.
Article IX. ^St. Gondibert, Gumbert, or Gundibert, Martyr. \Seventh or Eighth Century. '\ While Ferrarius has a festival, and at this day, for St. Gumbert, in Scotia ;' yet, Father Daniel Papebroke asserts, that it was
ignorance of the present holy man's history and place, which caused him to make such an observation. The Bollandists have the Acts ' of St. Gonde-
bert, a Frenchman, said by some writers, to liave been martyred in Ireland. 3
"See "Proceedings of the Royal Iiish Academy," Irish MSS. Series, vol. i. , part i. , pp. ijO, 131.
' Also called Cliebbi, or Cubbi.
'According to the "Vita S. Wenefridae," written by Rupert, Abbot of Shrewsbury, about the year 1140.
" Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
112, 113. — » Now Devon.
' '» Article vni. See "Acta Sancto-
At present Cornwall,
See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. ,
rum,," tomus iii. , Aprilisxxix.
' De Sancto Senano, confessore, in Ang-
lia, p. 620.
3 See "Church of
History Brittany,"
Book xvi. , chap, ix. , p. 391.
'See "Lives of the Saints," vol. iv. ,
April29,p. 364.
5 Her feast was kept, on the 3rd of No-
"
vemlier. The Kev. Alban Butler, in his Gumberti Mariyris. "
"^ Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and other
These are chiefly from the six old Lessons
principal Saint-;," vol. xi. , has an interesting account of St. Weiiefride, or Winefride, Virgin and Martyr, at that date.
' See " Les Petit-, Bollandi-stes, Vies des
of a Proper Office, which, liowever, are said
to have been considerably interpol;aed.
^ See "Acta Sanctorum,' tomus iii. iJe S. Gondcberto Mariyrc, Avennaci in
Saints," tome v. , xxix* Jour d'Aviil, Territorio Remensi, pp. 620 to 625.
p. 67.
Aprilis xxix. IJe Sancto Senano, Confessore
in Anglia, p. 620.
" to Albert le Grand. According
'3 See the notice of a St. Senan, at this
day, in the previous volume. Articleix. —'Hestates,in "Catalo-
gus Generalis Sanctorum:" "In Scotia S.
*
See' 'Lives of the Irish Saints," vol. iii. ,
548
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April 89.
He lias been noticed, at the 27th of March ;< but, many calendarists consider the 29ih of April s to have been tlie Natalis, for this holy man. He is called, likewise, Gunibert, Gundibert, or Gundebert. Under this latter designation, the Rev. S. Baring-Gould has some short notes regarding him, at this same date. ' It is supposed, St. Gondcberl flourished during the time of King Childeric 1 1. ,7 wlio succeeded Sigebert, King of Austrasia. As himself and his wife St. Bertha agreed to lead lives of strict chastity, tliey had no children. St. Gondibert founded a convent, which he dedicated to St. Peter, at Rheims;' but, according to the former Breviary of that Diocese,9 a hall, chapel and an oratory, were dedicated in that city to St. Patrick,'" and probably St. Gondi- bert was instrumental in some measure, by his founding or endowing them. If this be so, his connexion with St. Patrick's veneration seems an indication
of Gondil)ert Jiaving desired to seek the adopted country of our Patron, and to establish these religious monuments, before he went to Ireland. He erected a convent on liis own properly at Avesnes, and to this Bertha retired, for greater religious seclision. One account has it, that St. Guntbert sought a retreat, in some place beside the sea. " Again, it is stated, tliat he was with a people, dwelling around the coast of Alti Salis," and a monk of St. Remi- gius has rendered it the coast around Scotia. But, the exact locality cannot be known at present, with any degree of certainty, under that Latinized form ofname. However,FatherDanielPapebrokewillhaveit,thattheregionof the Altissalii was among the Frisons,'3 in the northern parts of Austrasia. Those Prisons were formerly a barbarous people, whose country of Frisia was conterminous with tlie Northern Ocean. '< Still, it seems to us, that Father Papebroke does not satisfactorily account for the name Scotia being changed for another, by the old writers, who have alluded to St. Gundibert's place of retreat. Pajjebroke finds in that district, comprising the diocese of Utrecht,
beyond tlie River Isala,'5 a city named Altenzel or Oldenzel,'' an ancient settlement of the Franco Salii ;'? and, he sui>i)0ses, as these Salii lived near the Saxons, or Prisons, that the word Scotia may have been usurped for
March xxvii. , Ariide xii.
circa oras Altisalii, gentili detinebatur in-
5 " Fcrrarius, in his
sania. "— iv. From this Catalogus Generalis Lect.
Sanctoium," and Menani, in his
ologium BeiiediCtinum," are of the num- ber.
' See "Lives of the Saints," vol. iv. ,
April 29, pp. 364, 365.
' See au account of his reic;n in L. P. virtue
—
Anquetil's ''Histoire de Fr. iiice. '' Pre- natiuns.
"
account, Pape- broke argues, that Ire'and could not have been the counuy 10 wliich Gundebert retired, as long before his time, St. Pairick had con- verted it to llie Christian Faitli, and that, also, in liis age, our Islam', was a school of
Mailyr-
'^ Their country lay between the Rivers
Rhine and Weser. They are divided into
theM^ijoror Oriental Fnsons and into the
Minor or Occidental Prisons. See Bav-
"
No\-um Lexicon Geographicum," toinus i. , p. 302.
'* For a more recent account of them, the
"
'5 See the " Atlas Classica," No. 32, Ger-
mania Antiqua.
'° Now a town in the Netherlands, and in
the province of Oiery>sel. See Alex. Keith This is the account given, by Klodoar- Johnstone's "Dictionary of Geoyr. iphy,
miere Racedite des Merovingiens, sect, v. ,
p. 54.
'See Rev. S. Baring-Gould's "Lives of
the Saints," vol. iv. , April 29, p. 365.
» It wns piinted A. D. 1630. In it. at the 29th of April, there is an Olliciuin Sitnplex for Si. Gunibert, . Martyr, wilh only one Lesson. This has tlie approbation of Limis, Cardinal from Lolliaringia. then Archbishop
of Rheims.
'" See tlie Bollandists' "Acta Sancto-
rum," toinus iii. , Aprilis xxix. De S.
Gondeberto, Martyre, Avennaci inTerritorio
drands
Remens', Piiimiuni, sect. 13, p. 622.
"
dus, in his " Historia Remensis," lib. iv. , '
cap. xivii.
" In the Old Office of St. Gundebert, it is
Descriptive, Physical, Statistical and Histo- rical," i. c. , p. 964. London, 1850, Svo.
' Papebioke adds: "a quibus Saliis etiam hodie lota ad Isalam regiuncula, cujus
said
" :
Illo namque tempore gens habitans
and
learning
for all the
surrounding
reader i-^ relerred to Elisee Reclus'
velle Geogr. iphie UniverscUe," tome iii. , pp. 739, 740.
Nou-
April 29. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 549
Frisia or Saxonia. '' Having left France for Irelanrl, Gondibert built a monas- tery there, according to received accounts. It is needless to state, its site has not been, and most probably it cannot be, discovereil. However, some marauders having invaded tiie lands belonging? to his monastery, he went forth, entreating them to respect the property of his monks. Instead of re- garding this remonstrance, they fell upon him, and during the onset, he was killed. "9 According to Saussay, liis death happened in Scoiia. ''° His relics and those of St. Bertha were preserved, it is stated, in the church or chapel at Avesnes. Whatever we know regarding both saints is ciiiefly drawn from the chronicler Flodoard, wlio lived in the tentii century. ^' Tiiis holy Martyr Gondebert was greatly venerated, in the Diocese of Rheims ; and, his office occurs in the Breviary of that See. However, the Lections have gone through various amplifications. " Although several writers, as we have seen, regard St. Gumbert, or Gundibert, as havmg spent the years of his exile in Ireland, andaltliough for such reason, we have already given place to him, in our col- lection, at the 27th of March ; still, it must be here noticed, we do not con- sider the evidences sufficiently weighty, to establish that matter beyond question.
Article X. —St. Enan, of Inis Aego, or Egg Island, Scotland.
A record is found, in the published Martyrology of Tallagh," at the 29th of April, regarding Enan, Eago. ' The Boliandists' have it, Enanus de insula
Ega, quoting the same authority, at this day. The Island of Egg or EigL;,< in Scotland, is rendered Eaga, at the 17th of April, and here . \ego, is proba- bly only another spelling, which applies to the same place.
It is one of the Hebrides, about eight miles from the nearest Scottish coast, above six miles in length, and varying from a mile to three miles in breadth. 5 In our Irish calendar, moreover, at the 22nd of December, allusion is made to an Ard
Aego ;* and, it seems probable, this place does not differ from the Island iu question. On this day was venerated, Enan, of Inis Aego,' as we find entered, likewise, in the Martyrology of Donegal. '
Article XI. —Reputed Festival of Marianus Scotus.
{Eleventh Century. ] Already, at the 30th of January, we have given several notices, regarding this holy man. Cardinal Bellarmine ' has written his Life. In the
caput Altisalia est, Zallandia, id est, Salio-
rum regio nuncupatur. "
'* Paiebroke says: "Proxima his etiam
'
In ihe Fianciscan copy, we have en&m
finibus S. ixonia erat, gentilis adhnc tota etiam ip>a ; ui pro alterutro nomine Frisiae ant S. ixoiiix, . Scotice n. mien poiuerit obrep-
654.
^ See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. ,
Aprilis xxix. Among tlie pretenniued saints, p. 611.
• S^e Bishop Forbes' " Kalendars of Scottish Saints," p. 332.
s yee " The Ediiibur^'h Gazetteer, or Geo- graphical l^ictionary," &c. , vol. ii. , p. 566. Ediiiburiih, 1822, 8vo.
—" Atta
tomus iii. , Aprilis xxix. De S. Gondeberto
banctoruni," Martyre, Avennaci in Territorio Remcnsi,
sisse imiJtritis. "
Prologus, num. 5, 6, p. 621.
'>hee Rev. S. Uarin^-GciuU's Lives of
the Saints," vol. iv. , April 29, p. 365. "Seehis "MartyrologiumGallic. mum. " "See " llistoiie Liteiaire de la France,"
tomevi. , Siecle x. , p. 289.
"See Rev. S. Baring-Gould's "Livesofthe
Saints," vol. iv. , April 29, p. 364. '
°
Edited by iJrs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
Article x. — Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xxii. .
1 14, 1 15. —' Article XI.
See
"
Opera," tomus vii.
"'
See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's "Life
of St. Culumba," Additional Notes K, p.
308.
'Dr. Reeves in a note states, that the
name Aego occurs in the Dontgal calendar at January I2th and at April lOth.
550
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[April 29.
" Menologiiim
Scotorum " of Thomas
date, for Marianus Scotus, the illustrious historian, who lived at Fulda. According to the same author, he corrected the paschal cycle of Uenis liie Small, a Roman Abbot, and his remains were brought to the Royal Cross, in Scotland. Besides his celebrated Chronicle, other works have been ascribed to him. 3 But, as Brower and other writers of Fulda mention nothing about the veneration of Marianus as a saint, at that place; the Bollandists* just notice Dempster's remarks, at this date, requirmg more certain intelligence regarding Marianus and his reputed festival. He died a. d. 1083, according to Cardinal Bellarmine. 5
Article XII. —St. Failbhe, of the Island. The name of Failbhe-
n-Inis is entered in the] published Martyrology of Tallagh,' at the 29th of April. ' However, the BoUandists, referring to the same authority at this date, enter only Failbeus. 3 On the 29th day of April, the Martyrology of Donegal registers simply Failbhe, as having been venerated. Some Irish insular situation must probably have been the place chosen for his retirement.
ArticleXIII. —St. Donnan,Priest. ThenameDonnanSac,acontraction
for Sacerdos, appears in the published Martyrology of Tallagh," at this date. ' Again, he is entered, by the BoUandists, 3 who quote the same record, for this day, as Donanus Sacerdos. In the Martyrology of Donegal • he is set down as Donnan, Priest.
Article XIV. —Martyrdom of St. German. The Feilire of St. . /Engus commemorates the Martyrdom of German, a Priest, at the 29th of April. ' He was probably one of those, who, with Prosdocus, the Deacon, and Valentinus, suffered martyrdom at Alexandria ;' but, about their names and places some differences are found, in ancient calendars. At the same
"De Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis," p. 350. Kelly, p. xxii.
'At the 29th of April, he writes:— 'In the Franciscan copy, we read,
"Fuldae Mariani monachi et historici Claris-
simi, qui Dionysii Exigui Abbatis Romani
cyclum paschalem correxit, et reliquice in
Scotiam ad Crucem Regalem delatae. B. "— p. 611.
Forbes' "Kalendars of Scottish * Edited Bisliop by
Drs. Todd and Reeves,
pp.
Saints," p. 197. 112, 113.
— ""—
3 See Bale and Nicholas Harpsfeld in Historia Ecclesiastica Anglicana.
See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. , Aprilis xxix. Among the pretermitted saints,
Article xiv. the Leabhar Breac
'
p. 611.
5 See "Opera," tomus vii.
bus Ecclesiasticis—," p. 350. '
"
De Scriptori-
Dr.
Article xii. Edited by Rev.
Kelly, p. xxii.
" In the Franciscan copy, we find, ITAilbe
in 1titf.
3 See "Acta S. anctorum," tomus iii. ,
Aprilis xxix. Among the pretermitted sainis, p. 611.
* Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
Thus translated by Dr. Whitley Stokes
:
112, 113. — Article xiii.
'
Edited by Rev. Dr.
Dempster,'
a feast is
entered,
at this
'OonnAni \&. c.
3 See " Acta Sanctorum," tonius iii. , Ap-
rilis xxix. Amongthe pretermitted saints,
This is the stanza in
TllAj\cp4 5sr"i*iri ciM)irtichii\ Ci\i)T batno^v AciachpA Coniiigeii cahi UAicne foposnlich id pAchnA.
— "PriestGerman's martyrdom, for Christ great was his afHiclion. Conningen, a fair pillar,
on one festival with Fiachna.
'See the BoUandists' "Acta Sancto-
rum," tomus iii. , Aprilis xxix. De SS. Ger- mano Presbytero, Prosdoco, et Valentino, Martyribus AlexandriiE. et forsan alibi,
p. 615,
:
April 29. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 551
date, in Nicomedia, among other Martyrs, there is one named German ; and,
for authority, the old Martyrology attributed to St. Jerome is quoted. ^ Little now seems to be known, about the Martyr in question.
Article XV. —St. Middanus, Abbot of Holywood, Scotland. Among the Scottish entries of David Camerarius,' at the 29th of April, there is a festival of this saint. We are told, that a bishop, styled Medanach in the
Dunkeld Litany, may probably be a disguised name for Modan, or Mosedhan. This seems to resemble an Irish form, although of the saint himself no other tradition remains, except that of places having been called after him in Scot- land. ' Now, it appears, that a cell and a hermit were at Holywood,^ in Dun- fries-shire,duringaveryearlyage;< but,itisinferred,asHolywoodformerly acquired the name Dercongal, or Dair-Congal, in the British and Scoto-Irish languages, that its patron must have borne the latter title. ' Still, nothing prevents us from fairly supposing, that the present Middan may have been connected with Holywood, and that he may have been Irish by birth, as most unquestionably, he must have been, by descent. It is thought,^ this must have been the St. Medan, of whom we find a trace on the Braes of Angus, at Airlie, and regarding whose memory there are local springs, named Maidie's well, near Ecclesmaldie,' in the Mearns, as also, a fine spring and a knoll, close to the ch\irch of Airlie. These are now known, by tiie name of St. Madden. * St. Maidie's bell was held in great veneration, for a long period,' at Airlie, but within the present century, it was sold as a bit of old iron. '°
Article XVI. —Feast of St. Brieitc, First Bishop and Patron OF the Diocese of Brieux, France. \^Fifth or Sixth Centuryi\ The Breviary of Laon Diocese, and which is cited by Albertus le Grand, places the festival of St. Brioc, or Brieuc, at the 29th of April. " The Acts of this saint will be found written, at the ist of May.
iSteUnd. DeSS. Pradentio, Martiale, Mackenzie E. CWalcott's "Scoti-Monas-
Sabbatio, Codomano, Basilio, Germano, ticon," p. 333.
Filocasto, Budentio, Urbano, et Pagata,
'"
See Bishop Forbes' Kalendars of
' Scottish Saints, p. 399.
' Now Inglismaldie. '"
Martynbus Nicomediae in Bith)mia. Article xv. —'He thus writes: "29 Die. SanclusMiddanusAhbasmonasterii Sacrum Hoscum dicti ordinis Sancti Dene- — Bishop Forbes' "Kalendars of Scottish
Saints," pp. 237, 399.
See ProceedingsoftheSocietyofAn- tiquaries of Scotland," vol. v. , p. 355. Also
dicti in Niddisdalia Scotise
provincii. "
Jervise p. 274.
" Memorials of Angus and Mearns,"
'
See (^(/. , p. 339.
' In the Cortachy Charters, it is stated, that one Michael David, the tenant and
hereditary possessor of this Bell, surrendered it to John Ogilvy, of Lentretliyn, knight, on
the 5th of June, 1447. The same Sir John afterwards bestowed the said Bell, with its
pertinents, on his spouse, L:\dy Margaret Ogilvy, Countess of Moray, for her lifetime
use. See "Miscellany of the Spalding Club," vol.
