No More Learning

there was some confusion, and that the titles of two (Auson. Ep. 19, 23, 24 ; Paulin. Ep. ad Auson. i.
treatises, one De Poenitentia, the other De Laude 75; Ambros. Ep. 36 ; Augustin. De Civ. Dei, i.
Martyrum, have been mixed up together. 3. Epis- 10 ; Hieronym. Ep. xiii. lviii
. ed. Vallarsi ; Cas-
tolae ad Sororem, on contempt of the world. siodor. I. D. i. ; Gennad. De Script. Eccles. 48 ;
4. Epistolae ad Amicos. 5. Suetonii Libri III. de Honor. August. ii. 47; Trithem. 117; Idato
Regibus in epitomen versibus redacti, loudly com- Chron. ; Gregor. Dialog. iii. l; Surius, de pro-
mended by Ausonius, who has preserved nine batis SS. Historiis, vol. xxii. ; Pagi, Ann. 431, n. 53;
lines. 6. A translation of Recognitiones, attributed Schönemann, Bibl. Patrum Lat. vol. i.
to Clemens (CLEMENS ROMANUS). We hear also $ 30; Bähr, Geschichte der Röm. Litterat. Suppl.
of a Sacramentarium and a Hymnarium.
Band, Ite Abtheil. § 23—25, 2te Abtheil. 8
The Epistles Ad Marcellain and Ad Celantiam, | 100. )
(W. R. )
together with the poems, Exhortatio ad Conjugem, PAULI'NUS, ANI'CIUS, consul in a. D. 698
De Nomine Jesu, and à Vita S. Martini in six with Joannes Scytha (Chron. Pasch. ; Cod. Just.
books, do not belong to this father.
5. tit. 30, s. 4.
The enthusiastic commendations bestowed upon PAULI'NUS, M. AURE'LIUS, consul A. D.
the learning and genius of Paulinus by his con- 277 with the emperor M. Aurelius Probus. (Cod.
temporaries, and repeated by successive generations Just. 8. tit. 56. s. 2. )
of ecclesiastical critics, if not altogether unmerited, PAULI'NUS, LO'LLIUS. (LOLLIUS, No. 5. )
have at least been too freely lavished. Although PAULI'NUS, POMPEIUS, commanded in
well versed in the works of the Latin writers, his Germany along with L. Antistius Vetus in A. D. 58,
knowledge of Greek was very imperfect, and he and completed the dam to restrain the inundations
occasionally betrays much ignorance regarding the of the Rhine, which Drusus had commenced sixty-
common facts of history. The quotations from three years before. In A. D. 62 he was appointed,
Scripture so frequently adduced in support or along with L. Piso and Ducennius Geminus, to
illustration of his arguments, will be found in many the superintendence of the public revenues. On
instances to be strangely twisted from their true sig- this occasion Tacitus calls him consularis ; but his
nification, while his allegorical interpretations are in name does not occur in the consular fasti (Tac.
the highest degree far-fetched and fantastic. His Ann. xiii. 53, xv. 18 ; Senec. de Brev. Vitae, 18).
poetry, although offending grievously against the laws Seneca dedicated to him his treatise De Brevitate
of prosody and metre, is in every respect far superior | Vitae ; and the Pompeia Paulina, whom the
to his prose. The purity of the language proves philosopher married, was probably the daughter of
how deeply he had studied the best ancient models ; Enis Paulinus. It is uncertain, however, whether
the descriptions are lively, the pictures vivid, hut the subject of this notice is the same as the Pom-
there is no creative power, no refined taste, no peius Paulinus, the son of a Roman eques of
sublimity of thought, no grandeur of expression. Arelate of whom Pliny speaks (H. N. xxxiii. 11.
The early impressions of Paulinus, commencing s. 50).
with that printed at Paris by Badius Ascensius, PAULI'NUS, C. SUETONIUS, is first men-
8vo. 1516, present the text in a most mutilated, tioned in the reign of the emperor Claudius, A. D.
corrupt, and disordered condition. Considerable 42, in which year was propractor in Mauri-
improvements were introduced by the jesuit Her-tania ; he conquered the Moors who had revolted,
bert Rosweyd (8vo. Antr. 1622), who compiled and advanced as far as Mount Atlas (Dion Cass.
some useful annotations and prefixed a biographical Ix. 9; Plin. H. N. v. 1. ) In the reign of Nero,
sketch by his friend Sacchini ; but the first really A. n. 59, Paulinus was appointed to the command
valuable materials were furnished by another jesuit, of Britain. For the first two years all his under-
Peter Francis Chifflet, whose Paulinus Illustratus takings were successful ; he subdued several na-
was published at Dijon, 4to, 1662. This was folutions, and erected forts in various parts of the
lowed after a lapse of more than twenty years by country ; but when at length in A. D. 61 he
the very elaborate and complete edition of Jean crossed over to Mona (Anglesey), which was the
Baptiste Le Brun, 4to. Paris, 1685, which may I great strong- hold of the Britons who still resisted
Cross;
.
ppicha
nirty-two in number, composed
of metres Of these, the set
Te the birthday addresses to &
zameters, composed regular
saint, and forming a series wide
ete an account of the career and
at holy personage, that Bedera
e documents alone to comples
his life. We hare besides per
osalms, the Ist, 24, and 1 Ját;
us and to Gestidias, tro Preto
De S. Joanne Baptista Cana
, in 330 hexameters ; an elett
named CELSCS; an
als of Julianus and la (JOLLANTS
Nicetam redeanter Danmark
Nolana Ecclesia, Ad At
while the list has been recently
rom the MSS. of the Vatica, by
+0 poems, which may however be
me suspicion ; the one inscribed
st Conversionem & Bapesten
De suis Domesticis Calamitadas
of the Epistolae, the above 27
ged in different edition. Thes
sometimes condensed into és
expanded into fifteen; and in Ek!
VOL. IIL.
L


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146
PAULUS.
PAULUS.
the Roman arms, the other Britons took advantage , in many gentes, but best known as the name of a
of his absence to rise in open rebellion, and led on family of the Aemilia gens. (See below. ] This
by Boadicen, the heroic queen of the Iceni, they surname was no doubt originally given to a mem-
captured the Roman colony of Camalodunum and ber of the Aemilia gens on account of the smallness
defeated Petilius Cerealis, the legate of the ninth of his stature. The name seems to have been
legion. The return of Paulinus, however, soon originally written with a double I, which is the
changed matters ; and he at length finally de- forin found on the republican denarii and in earlier
feated Bondicea with great slaughter, though not inscriptions ; but on the imperial coins, as in that
till Londinium and Verulamium had also fallen of Paula (see above), and in later inscriptions,
into the hands of the Britons. For further details the word occurs with only one l. Paulus is also
see Boadicea. He returned to Rome in the fol- the form used by the Greek writers. As the
lowing year, and was succeeded by Petronius Tur- name of many persons mentioned below is always
pilianus. (Tac. Ann. xiv. 29—37, Agric. 5, 14 written Paulus, and not Paullus, it is thought
-16; Dion Cass. Ixii. 1-12; Suet. Ner. 39. ) better for the sake of uniformity to adopt in all
In A. D. 66 Sentonius Paulinus was consul with cases the former orthography, though in some in-
C. Lucius Telesinus (Tac. Ann. xvi. 14 ; Dion stances the latter would be the preferable form.
Cass. lxiii. 1. ) Paulinus was now looked upon as PAULUS (Paŭlos), literary and ecclesiastical.
one of the first generals of the time, and while in 1. AEGINETA, a physician. (See below. ]
Britain he was regarded by the people as the rival 2. Of ALEXANDRIA, a Greek writer on astro-
of Corbulo in military glory. His services were logy, who lived in the latter part of the fourth cen-
accordingly called into exercise in the civil wars tury. He wrote, according to Suidas (s. v. Maw-
which followed Nero's death. He was one of λος φιλόσοφος), two works, Εισαγωγή αστρολογίας,
Otho's generals and chief military advisers, al- | Introductio Astrologiae, and 'ATOTENEO WATIKd, 4 po-
though he was not able to overcome the intrigues telesmatica. Fabricius suggests the reading ñ dTOTE
and influence of Licinius Proculus, in whom Othod Couatiká instead of ka droTeleo Mariká, and un-
placed most reliance. The German legions, who derstands the passage not of two works, but of two
had proclaimed Vitellius, were advancing into titles of one work ; and his correction is rendered
Italy, and Otho set out to meet them in the spring probable by the title of the only published work
of A. D. 69, taking with him Paulinus and other of Paulus, which is entitled Eldayary) eis trin
generals of experience. The plain of the Po was drotehEO Matinúv, Rudimenta in Doctrinam de prae-
the field of operation ; an account of which is dictis Natalitiis, 4to. Wittenberg, 1586. It was
given under OTHO, p. 67. As far as respects Pau- edited by Andreas Schatus or Schato, from a MS. in
linus, it is only necessary to mention here, that he the library of Count Rantzau. The work appears
and Marius Celsus defeated Caecina, one of the to have gone through two editions in the author's
Vitellian generals, near Cremona ; but as Paulinus life-time : for in the printed text, which probably re-
would not allow his men to follow up their ad- presents the second edition, it is preceded by a short
vantage, he was accused of treachery by his troops, preface addressed to the author's son Cronamon
though his conduct was probably the result of Kpovduww), who had noticed some errors in the
prudence. When Valens, the other general of former edition. The time when the author lived is
Vitellius, had joined his forces to those of Caecina, inferred with probability from a passage in the
Paulinus strongly recommended Otho not to risk work. In exemplifying a rule given for finding
a battle ; but his advice was overruled, and the the days of the week, he chooses the year 94 of the
result was the defeat at Bedriacum, and the ruinera of Diocletian (= A. D. 378), which is therefore
of Otho's cause.
After the battle Paulinus did supposed to be the year in which the work was
not venture to return to his own camp. He fell written. If this inference is correct, Paulus must
into the hands of Vitellius, and obtained his par- be distinguished from another astrologer of the same
don by pleading, says Tacitus, " the necessary but name mentioned by Suidas (s. e. ʼlovotiviavós o
not honourable excuse,” that the defeat of Otho's 'Pivóruntos), as having predicted the accession of
army was owing to his treachery ; for which self the emperor Leontius (Leontius II. ), and from
accusation, however, there was certainly no foun- a third Paulus, an astrologer, whom Ricciolus (apud
dation. This is the last time that the name of Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iv. p. 140, note :) states
Suetonius Paulinus occurs. (Tac. Hist. i. 87, 90, to have written an introduction to Astrology in the
23--26, 31–41, 44, 60).
ninth century after Christ. The work of Paulus
PAULI'NUS, M. VALERIUS, was a native of Alexandria is accompanied by Greek Scholia,
of Forum Julii, where he possessed considerable written by a Christian in the rear 867 of the era of
estates. He was a friend of Vespasian's before | Diocletian, = A. D. 1151. Fabricius conjectured
his accession ; and having previously served as that they were by Stephanus of Athens (Fabric.
tribune of the praetorian tribunes, he was able to Bibl. Graec. vol. xii. p. 693, ed. vet. ), or by the
collect, for Vespasian many of the Vitellian troops A pomasar (Ahmed Ben Seirim) whose Oneirocri-
in Narbonnese Gaul, of which province he was tica was published by Rigaltus: but the date as-
appointed procurator, A. D. 69. He also served in signed to the Scholia is too late for these writers
the Jewish war, and was eventually raised to the (see Biog. Dict. of U. K. Soc. s. 7. Ahmed). If, on
consulship in the reign of Trajan, A. D. 101. He was the authority of the text of Suidas, two works are
a friend and correspondent of the younger Pliny, ascribed to Paulus, the one published by Schatus
who has addressed five of his letters to him (Tac. will be the former of the two, the Introductio As-
Hist. iii. 42, 43 ; Joseph. B. J. iii. (14), 7. 81; trologiae. (Suidas, ll. cc. ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. ll. cc. )
Plin. Ep. ii. 2, iv. 16, v. 19, ix. 3, 37. )
3. ANTIOCHENUS. (No. 17. )
PAU'LLULUS or PAU'LULUS, an agno- 4. APOSTOLU'S. The life of the Apostle and his
men of Sp. Postumius Albinus, consul B. c. 174. genuine works do not come within our plan, but the
[ALBINUS, No. 14. ]
following indisputably spurious works require notice.
PAULLUS or PAULUS, a Roman cognomen 1. Ai Navlov a pážers, Acta Pauli, of which cita-


## p. 147 (#163) ############################################

PAULUS.
147
PAULUS.
tions or notices are found in Origen ( Tom. XXI. in Leusden, 4to. Utrecht, 1670 ; in the Codex Apo-
Joan. , De Principiis, i. 2), Eusebius (H. E. iii. cryphus Novi Testamenti of Fabricius, and elsewhere.
3, 25), and Philastrius (Haeres. lxxxvii. ). This 4. Epistolae Pauli ad Senecam et Senecae ad
work, which is lost, must not be confounded with Paulum, mentioned by Jerome (De Viris Illustr. c.
No. 2. 2. 'H teplodos Mavrov kai éxtas, Periodus 12) and Augustin (Epistol. ad Macedoniuin, 54,
Pauli et Theclae. This work is mentioned by Ter-editt. vett. , 153, edit. Benedictin. ). These letters
tullian (De Baptismo, c. 17), and by Jerome (De (five from Paul and eight from Seneca) are given
Viris Illustr. c. 7). It was written, according to the in various editions of the works of Seneca ; also by
former (l. c. ), by a certain presbyter of Asia, who, Sixtus Senensis, in his Bibliotheca Sancta, and by
when convicted of the forgery, acknowledged the act, Fabricius, in his Codex Apocryphus N. T. 5. 'Ava-
and said that he had done it out of love to the Apostle. Catıkov Naúdov, Anabaticum Pauli, forged by the
He was deposed from his office. Jerome (hc. ), citing heretics whom Epiphanius calle Caiani, but used
this passage from Tertullian, adds, as if upon his also by the Gnostics ( Epiphan. Haeres. xviii. c. 38).
authority, that the presbyter was convicted of the The book was founded on a passage in the genuine
forgery before John ( whether the Evangelist or the writings of the Apostle (2 Cor. xii. 4), in which
Elder, is not clear), which carries back the forgery he speaks of being caught up into the third heaven.
almost, if not quite, to the Apostolic age. The It is now lost. 6. Apocalypsis Pauli, apparently
work has perished. Whether there was such a different from No. 5; mentioned by Augustin
person as Thecla, and whether she was connected (Tructat. XCVIII. in Joan. ), Sozomen (11. E. vii.
with the Apostle Paul, has been disputed. Baro 19), Theophylact, and Oecumenius (Not. ad 2 Cor.
nius and Grabe contend that there was ; Stilling, xii. 4). It was said to have been found in Paul's
in the Acta Sanctoruin, Sept. vol. vi. p. 550, thinks house in Tarsus : but Sozomen found, on inquiry,
that there is some truth in what is said of ber; that this story was untrue. 7. An Epistola Pauli
but Ittigius (De Biblioth. Patrum, p. 702) regards ad Corinthios, different from the genuine epistles,
the whole story as a fable. She is mentioned by se and an Epistola Corinthiorum ad Paulum, are said
veral of the principal fathers of the fourth century, to be extant in the Armenian language ; and other
Epiphanius, Gregory Nazianzen, Gregory Nyssen, epistles ascribed to the same Apostle are said to be
Chrysostom, Isidore of Pelusium, &c. In the extant in the Arabic. The Marcionites are said to
ffth century, Basil of Seleuceia (Basilius, No. 4) have ascribed to Paul the gospel (formed from that
wrote a metrical history of Thecla (Phot. Bibl. Cod. of Luke) which was received among them. (Cave,
168), and Symeon Metaphrastes, at a later period, Hist. Litt. vol. i. p. 12, ed. Oxford, 1740—43;
wrote her life. This latter biography, with another Fabric. Cod. Apocryphus N. T. ; Vossius, De His-
to which the name of Basil of Seleuceia was prefixed, toricis Graecis, lib. ii. c. 9. )
(but with very doubtful propriety, for it was not 5. Of CONSTANTINOPLE (1). On the death of
written in metre, like the one mentioned by Photius), Alexander, patriarch of Constantinople (A. D. 336),
were published in the original Greek, with a Latin Paul, one of the presbyters of that church, and
version by Petrus Pantinus, 4to. Antwerp, 1608. comparatively a young man, was chosen to succeed
Grabe inserted in the first volume of his Spicilegium him by the Homoousian or orthodox party, while
SS. Patrum, pp. 95, &c. , a history of Thecla, en- the Arians were anxious for the election of the
titled Mαρτύριον της αγίας και ενδόξου πρωτομάρ- | deacon Macedonius, who sought to prevent the
Tupos kal STOOTónov Odklas, Martyrium sanctae election of Paul by some charge of misconducha
et gloriosae Proto-Martyris et Apostolatu defunctae which, however, he did not persist in. Both men
Virginis Theclae, and which he regarded as the very appear to have been previously marked out for the
work to which the presbyter of Asia had prefixed succession by their respective partizans; and Alex-
the name of Paul. Grabe, however, was probably ander had, before his death, passed a judgment on
mistaken: the narrative makes no profession of their respective characters, which is given elsewhere
being written by Paul, and there is no trace of an [MACEDONIUS, No. 3). The Homoousians had
absurd story of the baptism of a lion (“ baptismi carried their point ; but the election was annulled
leonis fabulam "), which Jerome expressly mentions by a council summoned by the emperor, either Con-
as contained in the presbyter's narrative. The stantine the Great, or his son Constantius II. , and
work is, however, of considerable antiquity, and Paul being ejected, was banished into Pontus
probably furnished materials for the two biographies (Athanas. Histor. Arianor. ad Monachos, c. 7),
published by Pantinus. The Martyrium, as pub- and Eusebius, bishop of Nicomedeia, was appointed
lished by Grabe, was incomplete, having been by the council in his room. On the death of
taken from a mutilated MS. , and a considerable Fusebius, who died A. D.