No More Learning

;
abdications of, 692; death of, 693; 694;
593
Murano, settlement of, 386
Murom, pagans in, 210
Mūsa, son of Bāyazid I, at battle of Angora,
682; struggle for the throne and defeat,
562 sqq. , 684 sqq. ; 567; 593
Mūsà (Moses), son of Seljūg, 303
Muselė, Alexius, general of Constantine VI,
23
Mush, Armenian town, 158
Mushegh Mamikonian, Armenian leader,
defeats Saracens, 156 sq.
Mushel Bagratuni, King of Vanand, brother
of Ashot III, 161 sq.
Music, Serbian, 550; musicians at University
of Constantinople, 764
Muslim, Chaps. V, X, XVII, XX, XXI; see also
Islām, Musulmans
Mustadi, Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad, 289
Mustafà, brother of Mūrād II, rebels against
him, 690
Mustafa, son of Bāyazid, at Angora, 682;
impersonator of, 688 sq.
Mustakfī, Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad, de
throned by the Buwaihids, 277, 301
Mustaʻsim, last Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad,
put to death by Mongols, 279, 642
Mustazhir, Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad, and
Muhammad the Seljūq, 310
Musulmans, the, opposed to images, 7;
driven from Constantinople, 109; Musul.
mans and Chazars, 190, 219 sq. ; in Byzan.
tine Empire, 737; see Islām
Mu'tadid, Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad, 288
Mu'tamid, Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad; and
Ashot of Armenia, 158; 276; 285
Mutanabbi, Arab poet, 290
Mu'tasim, Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad, 38,
128 sq. ; and Byzantines, 131 sq. ; 151 ;
moves his capital to Sāmorrā, 131, 276,
285; 295
Mutawakkil, Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad,
intolerance of, 288, 292; 131; and Egyptian
fleet, 132
Mutawakkil, last Abbasid Caliph of Cairo,
642
Mu'tazilites, Muslim sect, persecution of,
288; 291 sq. ; 294; 301
Muti', Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad, 277
Muwaffaq, famous teacher at Nīshāpūr, 305


## p. 963 (#1005) ###########################################

Index
963
Muzalon, Byzantine general, defeated by
Osman, 657
Muzalon, George, made regent by Theodore
II, 506; murdered, 430, 507
Myconus, island of, becomes Venetian, 457,
465; becomes Turkish, 466; 476
Mylae (Milazzo), Byzantine feet defeated at,
141
Myra in Lycia, 127, 150; Venetians at,
410
Myriocephalum, defeat of Manuel I at, 362,
378
Mysia, assigned to Latin Emperor, 421, 426,
657
Mysticus, see Nicholas Mysticus
Mytzês, son-in-law of John Asén II of
Bulgaria, 525, 528
Nacolea in Phrygia, besieged by Saracens,
124; bishop of, see Constantine
Nadim, compiler of Arabic “Index," 290
Naimans, Mongol tribe, and Jenghiz Khan,
631; 632
“Naked” (youvoi), of Corfù, twelfth century
communistic sect, 760
Nakhijevan, commercial town in Armenia,
162; church of, burnt by Arabs, 156
Nanchao, in Yunnan, 644
Naples, remains Byzantine, 36; and Sara-
cens, 136; Angevins of, and Achaia, 442,
444, 446 sq. ; Tocco family at, 455, 466;
539; and Herzegovina, 582; and Skander-
beg, 584 sq. ; Castel dell'Uovo at, 452;
King of, 559; see Charles, Ladislas, Robert
Narbonne, see Amaury
Narenta, on Dalmatian coast, 587
Narses, general of Justinian I, 385, 739
Nasi, see Joseph
Nāşir, Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad, 278
Nāsir, Mamlūk Sultan of Egypt, defeats
Mongols, 651 sq. ; conquers Armeno-
Cilicia, 180
Nāşir Şalāḥ-ad-Dīn Yūsuf, Sultan of Aleppo,
defeated by Mongols, 175, 643
Nasīr-ud-Din Țūsī, Persian philosopher and
astronomer, 296, 299
Nasr, emir of Tarsus, 131
Nasr, Syrian rebel, and Emperor Leo V, 127
Nasr the Kurd, rebel against the Caliph, 129;
killed, 130
Nasr the Shi'ite, Arab emissary, 132 sq.
Naupactus, 244, 423; metropolitan of,
blinded by Constantine VIII, 97; see John
A pocaucus
Nauplia, 424, 433 sq. ; captured by Ville-
bardouin, 438; 441; bought by Venetians,
457, 461, 465, 476; becomes Turkish, 467;
archon of, see Sgouros
Navarino, bay of, 446; becomes Venetian,
461, 465; lost to Turks, 467
Navarre, King of, 455; Navarrese Company
conquer Achaia, 456, 474; Nerio Accia.
juoli and, 458
Navigajosi family at Lemnos, 436; driven
out, 445
Navy, see Fleet, Byzantine ; Fleet, Saracen;
the “ Tactics,” 58; see Maritime Code
Naxos, attacked by Saracen pirates, 141;
becomes Venetian seigniory, 421, 435,
439; 459; 465; dukes of, see Archipelago;
annexed by Turks, 468; Latin rule in, 473
Nazareth, surrendered to John I, 148
Nazianzen, see Gregory
Nea, see New Church under Constantinople
Neapolis, see Leontius
Neapal, see Novels
Néa Taktiká, list of ecclesiastical dioceses
drawn up by Leo VI, 58
Negropont (Chalcis), city of, under Vene-
tians, 435; taken by Turks, 466, 472;
hospice of friars in, 438; Latin Patriarch
in, 615
Negropont, island of, see Euboea
Nemanja, Stephen, see Stephen: dynasty
extinct, 555; 586
Neo-Caesarea, taken by Saracens, 120; 360;
Byzantine defeat at, 378
“Neokastra, duchy of,” 480; 488
Neopatras, principality of, founded by John
Ducas Angelus, 444; duchy of, conquered
by Catalans, 453; 455; 457; captured by
Turks, 458; dukes of, see Table, 475; see
John I, II
Neoplatonic, influence on Islām, 292 sq.
Nepi, bishop of, see Stephen
Nera, river, tributary of Danube, 355
Nerio I Acciajuoli, lord of Corinth, 456;
seizes Athens, 457; death, 458; 475
Nerio II Acciajuoli, Duke of Athens, 462 sq. ,
475
Neropch, aboriginal Balkan tribe, 550
Nerses, Katholikos of Armenia, and Byzan.
tine Church, 363
Nerses Lambronatsi, 170
Nesteutes, John, Byzantine canonist, 711
Nestóngos, cousin of John III, conspires
against him, 488
Nestor, Russian chronicle, 204, 209, 264 note
Nestorian, Patriarchs of Baghdad, wealth of,
289; bishop, see Cyprian; Christians, and
Arabic language, 290; Christians translate
Greek medical works into Arabic, 297;
Christians among Mongols, 631, 640; see
Chaldeans
Neuilly, see Fulk
Neva, river, 202
Nevers, count of, see William
Nicaea (Iznia), captured by Bardas Sclerus,
85; 117; 120; captured by Isaac I, 320;
321; 344; 365; capital of Seljūgs of Rūm,
315; Crusaders and, 337; captured by
Crusaders, 338, 352, 655; 383; 421; Latin
dukedom of, 422; Emperors at, Chap. XVI;
423 sqq. , 426 sqq. , 430, 439, 604 sq. ; loses
its importance, 513, 658; 607; 609; taken
by Ottomans, 542, 661; 657; 660 sq. ; 665;
667; sacked by Timūr, 683; 722; capital
of Opsician theme, 733; description of,
479 ; churches at, 479, 498; hospitals
at, 498, 513; Table of rulers, 516; Theo-
61-2


## p. 964 (#1006) ###########################################

964
Index
Nicetas, the Patrician, Byzantine admiral:
and Venice, 394
Nicetas Acominatus (Choniates), Byzantine
historian and theologian, 765 sq. ; on
Prêslav, 237; on sack of Constantinople,
420, 605; 423; 480 note; 351; 353 note;
363; and Theodore I, 482; 484 note; 486;
on death of Baldwin I, 520
Nicetas, joint compiler of the Ecloga, 709
Nicetas Stethatus,
see Stethatus
Nicetas the quaestor, and the Ecloga, 709
Nicholas, St, Venetians and relics of, 410
Nicholas Chrysoberges, Patriarch of Con.
stantinople, 89; death, 91
Nicholas Mysticus, Patriarch of Constanti
nople, and Leo VI, 57 sq. , 60, 62, 65
256; and Romanus I, 61; issues the Tomu:
Unionis, 60, 257; 753
Nicholas Í, Pope, relations with Bulgaria
45, 47; and Photius, 47, 53, 221; 248 sqq.
251; and Boris of Bulgaria, 236, 252
Nicholas II, Pope, signs treaty of Melfi, 59'
Nicholas III (John Gaetano Orsini), Pope
appealed to by Hethum II of Armenia
177; and Michael VIII, 613
Nicholas IV, Pope, and the Tsar Georg
Terteri, 530
Nicholas V, Pope, and Constantine XI, 624
and Turks, 692
Nicholas II de St Omer of Thebes, regent i
the Morea, 446
Nicholas Alexander Basaraba, Prince o
Wallachia, 593
Nicholas of Ilok, made King of Lower Bosni
by Matthias Corvinus, 581
Nicholas Orsini, count of Cephalonia, 458
475; despot of Epirus, 475
Nicholas Mesarites, metropolitan of Ephesus
and Cardinal Pelagius, 606; 746
Nicholas, bishop, Papal legate, 256
Nicholas, abbot of the Studion, and Photiu:
248, 255
Nicholas of Methone, Byzantine theologia
Nicholson, Dr, on Arab poetry, 290
Nicole, discoverer of Leo VI's Book of t?
dore II's eulogies on, 501, 506; emir of, see
Abu'l-Qāsim; Councils of, see Councils;
bishop of, see Eustratius; archbishop of,
see Bessarion
Patriarch of Constantinople at, Theo-
dore I crowned by, 482; 486; 488; 497;
jurisdiction of, 498; Theodore II and,
500 sq. , 506; Michael VIII crowned by,
508; and Epirus, 490, 497,607; and Serbian
Church, 521; and Bulgarians, 523; see
Arsenius, Germanus; see also Church
Niccold Acciajuoli, invested with Corinth,
454
Niccolò Altomanović, Bosnian ruler, 591
Niccolò I, Duke of the Archipelago, 475
Niccolò Il Sanudo, “Spezzabanda,” Duke
of the Archipelago, 475
Niccold III dalle Carceri, Duke of the Arcbi.
pelago, murder of, 457; 475
Nicene Creed, 228, 254, 478
Nicephoritza, supporter of the Comneni, 326
Nicephorus I, Emperor, Logothete-general,
24; proclaimed Emperor, 25; reign of,
27 sqq. ; his death in battle, 29, 233; 34 sq. ;
his foreign policy, 36; war against Krum
Khan, 37, 232 sq. ; 38; wars against Hārūn
ar-Rashid, 126, 288; Italy and, 394 sq. ;
re-establishes the trißoký, 708; Novels of,
710
Nicephorus II Phocas, Emperor, 68 sqq. ;
proclaimed Emperor, 71; crowned, 72;
reign of, 72 sqq. ; Novels of, 74 sq. , 79, 89,
260, 715, 753; murdered, 77; 78 sqq. ; 83;
86; 100; 134; victories over Saracens,
144 sqq. ; Sicily and, 147; 151; and
Svyatoslav of Russia, 208; and Bulgarians,
239; 259; and Otto the Great, 76 sq. , 261;
and army, 741; and navy, 742; 754
Nicephorus III Botaniates, Emperor, 325 sq. ;
abdicates, 327; 329; 331 sq. ; 408; ex-
communicated by Pope Gregory VII, 598;
Novels of, 720
Nicephorus I Angelus, despot of Epirus, son
of Michael II of Epirus, betrothed to
grand-daughter of John III, 494; defeats
Nicaeans, 508; 444; 448; 475; married,
503
Nicephorus II, despot of Epirus, 455; 552;
475
Nicephorus, Patriarch of Constantinople,
11; 13; 17; 26; quarrel with Studites, 28;
Leo V and, 30, 38; 32 sq. ; 35; account
of Bulgarian settlement, 230; 248; 765
Nicephorus, bishop of Heraclea, 65
Nicephorus, nominated by Constantine IX
as his successor, 115
Nicephorus, sacellarius of Michael Ceru-
larius, 268, 270
Nicephorus Uranus, see Uranus
Nicetas, archbishop of Nicomedia, and
Anselm of Havelberg, 600
Nicetas, count of Opsicium, defeated by
Saracens, 124
Nicetas, the Paphlagonian, brother of
Michael IV, made duke of Antioch, 102
Prefect, 716
Nicomedia (Izmid), 118; 321; taken 1
Byzantines, 331; 367; taken by Latin:
424 sq. ; 480 sqq. ; Thierri de Loos at, 48
Latin bishopric at, 487; "duchy" o
488; 490; 494; 657; 660 sq. ; taken !
Orkhān, 662 sq. ; 668; 676 sq. ; capital
Optimatian theme, 733; gulf of, 33, 48
582; bishop of, see Constantine; arc)
bishop of, see Nicetas
Nicopolis, theme of, 733; 244, 436
Nicopolis, Great, on the Danube, 55'
Ottoman victory at, 561, 618, 675 sq. ; 61
Nicopolis, Little, on the Danube, 675
Nicosia, coronation city of kings of Cypru
469; burnt by Egyptians, 470; captured 1
Turks, 472; archbishop of, 470 sq.
Nihāwand, 308
Nika riot at Constantinople, 754, 759
766


## p. 965 (#1007) ###########################################

Index
965
Nikli, High Court of Achaia at, 441;
“Ladies' Parliament” at, 443
Nile, river, 295
Nilufer, mother of Murād I, 673
Nilus, beresy of, 350
Nilus, St, in Italy, 258
Nimrūz, see Tāj-ad-Din
Nine Orders, convent of, see under Con-
stantinople, churches of
Ninoslav, ban of Bosnia, see Matthew
Niphon, Bogomile monk, 363
Niš, Bulgarian and Serbian town, 238;
Crusaders at, 336; 519; taken by Turks,
557, 673; 571; Turkish defeat at, 584,
624; 688; bishopric of, 243
Nishāpur, Seljūgs at, 304; 305; university
founded at, 306; ravaged by Ghuzz, 313;
destroyed by Mongols, 633
Nisibis, in Mesopotamia, captured by Curcuas,
143; 147; church built at, 289
Nizām-al-Mulk, vizier of the Great Seljūg
Alp Arslān, 299; 305 sq. ; treatise of, 305;
and Antioch, 307; disgrace and death, 308;
309 sq. ; 313
Nizāmīyah University at Baghdad, founded,
305; at Niskāpūr, 306
Njeguš, in Montenegro, 586
Nobilissimus, title, reserved for royalty, 730;
bestowed on sons of Constantine V, 13;
on Constantine the Paphlagonian, 105
"Noble War" of Constantine V against
Bulgarians, 232
Nogai Khan, Tartar chief, marries daughter
of Michael VIII, 527; kills Ivailo, 530
Nogent, see Guibert de
Nomisma, Byzantine gold coin, 4; under the
Comneni, 348; see also Coinage
Nomocanon (digestof Canon Law), translation
into Slavonic by Methodius, 229
Nomocanon titulorum, 711
Nomocanon XIV titulorum, 711; see Syn-
tagma
Nomocanon of Doxopater, 723; of Aristinus,
723; ascribed to Photius, 724
Nomocanones, see Canon Law
Nouoc moitikol (civil laws), 720
Nomophylax, office of, instituted by Con.
stantine IX, 114, 719 sq.
Νόμος γεωργικός, see Rural Code
Νόμος ναυτικός, see Maritime Code
Νόμος στρατιωτικός, see Military Code
Normans, in Italy, 92, 112, 266, 352, 354,
358; in Sicily, 103; in Macedonia, 245;
defeat Argyrus, 268; 273; 322; 325;
Michael VII and, 326; and Alexius I, 328 sq. ,
332 sq. , 341 sqq. ; at court of Manuel I,
362; war with Manuel I, 368 sq. ; 383; and
Venice, 407 sqq. , 411 sq. , 414; 595 sqq. ;
in Byzantine army, 347, 598, 738; in.
fluenced by Byzantine law, 725; by
Byzantine art, 776 sq.
Norway, Northmen from, 738; 746
Nossiae, convent of, built by Leo VI, 59
Notaras, Lucas, Grand Duke, opposition to
Union,625; at siege of Constantinople, 698
Notarial profession at Constantinople, 716
Notitia, work of Philotheus, see Kleterologion
Notitia urbis Constantinopolitanae, 450,
746, 748
Noto in Sicily, raided by Saracens, 137 sq.
Novels, Chap. xxn passim; of Leo VI, 58,
723 sqq. ; of Romanus I, against the
"Powerful,” 62,92 sq. ; of Constantine VII,
66; of Nicephorus II against monks, 74,
260, 753; abrogated, 79; of John I, 82;
of Basil II, 89, 92, 94; of Constantine VIII,
98; of Romanus III,99; of Constantine IX,
founding school of law, 114, 706; of
Alexius I, 332, 349; of Manuel I, 364, 720
Novgorod, Russian trading centre, 202 ;
government united with Kiev, 204; Vladi.
mir made prince of, 208 sq. ; saved from
Mongols, 637
Novi, see Castelnuovo, 557
Novibazar, destroyed by Serbians, 356, 517;
Serbian capital, 523; Sanjak of, 522, 556;
see Rascia
Novobrdo, silver mines of, 549; captured by
Turks, 570, 576
Nur, destroyed by Mongols, 633
Nūr-ad-Din, son of Zangi, Sultan of Damas-
cus, and Mleb of Armenia, 170 sq. ; 299;
317, 374 sqq.
Nyitra, Hungarian river, 214; bishop of, see
Wiching
Nymphaeum, 344; 430; residence of John III
at, 488, 495, 513; 497; 500; ruins at, 514;
treaty of, 431, 510 sq.
Nyssa in Cappadocia, 130; 134
Ob, river, 631
Obdormitio S. Cyrilli, 221
Obelerius, Francophil doge of Venice, 393;
made spatharius, 394; deposed, 395
Obilić, see Miloš Kobilio
Obod, first Slavonic printing press at, 587
Ochrida, 242; taken by Normans, 329; by
Theodore Angelus, 427; ceded to John
III, 494; 524; 538; lake of, 240; see of,
created, 243, 259; metropolitan of, crowns
Theodore Angelus, 427; Bulgarian Patri-
arch resides at, 522; Moldavian and
Wallachian Churches dependent on, 568;
archbishops of, see Basil, Demetrius, John,
Leo, Theophylact
Oderzo, sack of, 386 sq.
Odo, bishop of Beauvais, 250 note
Odo of Deuil, 601 note
Oeconomus, Grand, see Joseph
Oenaeum, on Black Sea, 381; declares for
Emperors of Trebizond, 480; 487
Oeta, Mount, 444
Ogdai Khan, Mongol Great Khan, and
Hethum I of Armeno-Cilicia, 175; 633;
succeeds his father, 635; conquests of,
636 sq. ; death, 638 sqq. ; house of, ceases
to rule, 645; worshipped in China, 146;
648
Ogelen Eke, see Yulun
Oghuz Khan, Turkish chief, 631


## p. 966 (#1008) ###########################################

966
Index
149;
Oka, Russian river, 193
Olbia, Greek colony on Black Sea, 183
Old Testament, translated into Slavonic,
226, 229
Oleg, Prince of Kiev, 204; treaty with By-
zantines, 205; 207
Oleg, son of Svyatoslav, killed by his brother,
208
Olga, Princess of Kiev, baptised, 66, 207;
208
Olivolo (Castello), bishopric of, 387, 398;
foundation of, 392 sq. ; 397; bishop of,
see Christopher
Olona, pactum of, between Venice and
Berengar, 400
Olovo, silver mines of, 556
Olympus, Mt, in Bithynia, 67; 80; 114;
216 sq. ; 219; 256; 660; 753
Omar Beg, Emir of Aidin, 662
Omar I, Caliph, the fiscal system of, 282;
288; 302
Omar II, Umayyad Caliph (ibn 'Abd-al.
‘Aziz), 119, 288
Omar, Caliph, Leo VI's letter to, 59
Omar, emir of Melitene, captures Amisus,
42, 46; 129, 131 sqq. ; killed, 134
Omar ibn Hubaira, Saracen leader, 119 sq.
Omar Khayyām, poet and astronomer, 298
89. , 305, 308
Omar, Ottoman governor of Thessaly, 463;
captures Athens, 464
Omurtag, Khan of Bulgaria, reign of, 234
sq. ; and Leo V, 30, 37; defeats Thomas
the Slavonian, 35
Onan Kerule, see Deligun Buldagha
Onon, river, 631 sq.
Ooryphas, Byzantine admiral, 128
Opsician theme, created, 732; 2 sq. ; 12 sq. ;
loyalty of, 36; 479; conquered by Latins,
481; count of, 124, 126, 734
Optimatian theme, 3, 733; Domestic of,
734
Opus, Constantine, leader of unsuccessful
expedition to Sicily, 150
Opus, general of Alexius I, 331
Oracles, work of Leo VI, 59
Orbevieto, bishop of Civitavecchia, sent to
Nicaea, 609
Ordinatio, of Thionville, for government of
Venice, 394 sq. , 398
Ordu Balig, palace of Ogdai Khan, 640
Organas, chief of the Utigars, becomes a
Christian, 188
Orkhān, Ottoman Sultan, marries Byzantine
princess, 543; 544; captures Brūsa, 660;
succeeds bis father, 661; successes of,
662; assumes title of Sultan, 663; mili-
tary policy, 663 sq. ; and John VI, 665 sqq. ;
death of, 668; 669; 673; 593
Orkhân, Ottoman prince, son of Sulaiman,
blinded by Mūsd, 686
Orkhăn, Ottoman prince, 693; claims sup-
ported by Constantine XI, 694; at siege
of Constantinople, 701
Orkhon, river, 631
Orleans, duke of, 618; canon of, 620; see
Payen
Orontes, river, Burtzes defeated on,
176; 359 sq. ; valley of, 343
Orotn, see John of
Orphanotrophos, see John
Orseoli, Venetian noble family, 403, 407
Orseolo, John, doge-consort of Venice, 404;
marries Maria Argyra, 94, 406
Orseolo, Orso, see Orso
Orseolo I, Peter, doge of Venice, 403
Orseolo II, Peter, doge of Venice, 94; 395
89. ; foreign policy of, 404 sq. ; and Otto II,
405; significance of his reign, 406
Orseolo III, Otto, doge of Venice, 404, 406
sq.
Orseolo, Vitalis, see Vitalis
Orsini dynasty in Cephalonia, 455, 461, 473
sq. ; monument at Arta, 453; see John,
Matteo
Orsini, John Gaetano, see Nicholas II, Pope
Orso, see Ursus
Orso Orseolo, bishop of Torcello, and Patri.
arch of Grado, 404, 407
Orthodoxy, festival of, 41
Oshin, King of Armeno-Cilicia, 179
Oshin of Gorigos, regent of Armeno-Cilicia,
179
Oshin, lord of Lambron, taken prisoner by
Thoros II, 170
Osmān (Othman, 'Uthmān), founder of the
Ottoman dynasty, 653 899. ; and Cata-
lans, 657 sq. ; and Andronicus II, 659;
death, 660; 661; 668; 593
Ossetes, Alan tribe, subdued by Russians,
207
Ostan, 182
Ostia, bishop of, see Donatus, Ubaldo
Ostikans, Saracen governors of Armenia,
156; 161; of Azarbā’ijān, 158; see Afshin,
Yūsuf; of Mesopotamia, see Ahmad
Ostoja, Stephen, King of Bosnia, 565 sqq. ,
573 sq. ; 591
Ostrovo, battle of, 110; 494; lake of, 493
Othmān, Caliph, and the Chazars, 188
Othmān, see Osman
Othon de la Roche, becomes Megaskyr (Sire)
of Athens, 433; 438 sq. ; 451; 475
Othrys, Mt, 444
Otranto, 18; 110; province created by Nice-
phorus II, 260; Church in, 737
Otrar, death of Tīmūr at, 651
Otto I, the Great, Emperor of the West, 66;
260 sq. ; embassy to Nicephorus II, 76;
plan of a Byzantine marriage for his son,
77; 145; and Géza of Hungary, 213 ;
coronation of, 259; and Venetians, 402
Otto II, Emperor of the West, marriage to
Theophano, daughter of Romanus II, 68,
81, 147; defeated by Saracens in South
Italy, 149; 385; Venetians and, 403 sqq.
Otto III, Emperor of the West, 91; at Venice,
405 sg. ; proposed marriage, 94; death, 94
Otto IV, of Brunswick, Emperor of the West,
415


## p. 967 (#1009) ###########################################

Index
967
Otto of Brunswick, husband of Joanna of Pallavicini, the, become lords of Boudonitza,
Naples, Prince of Achaia, 456, 474
422
Ottoman Turks, Chap. XXI; Chap. XVIII Pallavicini, Guido, Marquess, lord of Boudo.
passim; in Greece, 458 sq. , 463 sqq. , 543; nitza, 433, 439
wars with Venetians, 466 sq. ; capture Palli, Cape, Venetian victory at, 329
Naxos and Chios, 468; Cyprus, 472; 473; Palmann, captain of the guard to Stephen
Magnesia, 499; 513; 517; 522; 530; 532; Dušan, 546
534; 542; and John VI, 543, 616; first Pamirs, the, included in empire of Khwar-
settlement in Europe, 544; threaten By- azm Shāh, 633
zantium, 614 sq. , 617 sqq. ; 620; 623 sq. ; Pamphylia, 353 sq.
peril to Europe, 596, 675; and the Cali- Pamphylians, Byzantine warships, 743
phate, 642; and Mongols, 650 sq. ; weak- Pancalia, battle of, 86, 90
ened by battle of Angora, 684 sqq. ; effects Panderma, occupied by Latins, 481
of conquest of Constantinople, 629; and Pannonia, Roman province, 184; Avars and
Byzantine Church, 625; become European Turks. in, 186; in ninth century, 211;
power, 705; Table of Sultans, 593; Arme- overrun by Bulgars, 234; 386; Upper,
nians and, 182; heirs of the Seljūgs, 300, conquered by Magyars, 212 sq. ; Panno.
315, 317
nian Lives of SS. Cyril and Methodius, 216
Ousiai, Byzantine warships, 743
699. , 224, 226
Oxus, river, 303 sq. , 306 sq. , 311, 313 Pansebastos, title, granted to Thoros II of
Oxylithus, battle of, 85
Armeno-Cilicia by Byzantines, 171
Pantaleone, of Amalfi, and Papal election, 597
Pachymeres (Pachymer), George, Byzantine Pantellaria, island, 136
historian, 499 sq. , 508 note; on Turks, Pantepoptes, church of, see under Constanti.
655, 765
nople, churches of
Pacta, Venetian treaties with Western Em. Panteugenus, Soterichus, heretical priest
pire, 395; pactum of Pavia, 398; Mantua, condemned by Manuel I, 363
400; Olona, 400; with Lothar, 401; of Panticapaeum, see Bosphorus
Rome, 402; of Mülhausen, 405; Conrad II Pantokrator, church and monastery of, see
refuses to ratify, 407
under Constantinople, churches of
Padua, and Venice, 412; Manuel II at, 618 Paoki, in China, 635
Pagasaean Gulf, 453, 465
Paolo Veronese, picture of defence of Scu-
Pahlavi, Arabic translations from, 298
tari, 586
Pahlavuni, Vabram, Armenian generalis- Papacy, the, and Byzantine Church, Chaps.
simo, 164; crowns Gagik II, 165
IX, XIX, 112 sqq. ; and Photian schism, 47,
Pahlavuni, Vasak, Armenian general, his 53 sq. ; 56, 248 sqq. ; and Leo VI's mar.
mysterious death, 164
riage, 57, 256; and Iconoclastic Empe-
Pairis, in Germany, abbot of, see Martin rors, 4, 8, 17 sq. ; and Constantine VII,
Palaeologi, family, 454, 771; origin of, 503; 139; and Alexius I, 329, 333, 345; and
dynasty, 777 ; 764 sq. ; see Andronicus, Manuel I, 366, 369 sq. ; and Michael VIII,
Constantine, Demetrius, John, Manuel, 444,528; and John III, 496 sq. ; and Theo-
Michael, Theodore, Thomas
dore II, 505; and Franks, 17 sq. , 391;
Palaeologus, Andrew, son of the despot and Lombards, 17 sq. , 391; and SS. Cyril
Thomas of the Morea, 464
and Methodius, 121, 224 sqq. ; and dis-
Palaeologus, Andronicus, father of Michael pute between Grado and Aquileia, 389,
VIII, 492 sq.
408; and Venice, Chap. xm passim; and
Palaeologus, John, brother of Michael VIII, Normans, 595 sqq. , 601; and Western
made governor of Rhodes, 504; and Empire, 596, 600 sq. , 603, 608; and Illy-
Epirotes, 508
ricum, 58; sends crown to Simeon of Bul.
Palaeologus, Michael, general of Manuel I, garia, 238; and Bulgarian Church, 45, 47,
in Italy, 369 sq.
62, 252; and Bosnians, 518, 526, 532; and
Παλαία Τακτικά, list of ecclesiastical dio- Serbia, 534, 537, 548; and Lemnos, 477;
ceses, 58
and Samothrace, 477; and Latin clergy
Palamas, Byzantine mystical writer, 766 of Antioch, 361; and Armenian Church,
Palermo, captured by Saracens, 37, 135 sqq. ; 159, 172, 178, 189; and Ottomans, 669 sq. ,
by Normans, 408; Byzantine mosaics at, 690 sq. ; and Mongols, 639 sq. ; disputed
777
Papal election, 91; see also Councils,
Palestine (Holy Land), 10; monks of, 34, Popes, Latin Church, Roman Church
753; 123; 125; John I's victories in, 148; Paphlagonia, theme of, 39, 733; 117; 120;
Egyptians in, 175 sq. , 178; Byzantine 320; 382; subdued for Trebizond, 480;
protectorate in, 259; occupied by Seljūgs, Turks in, 656 ; Paphlagonian wife of Con-
277; Mongols in, 279; 280; Latin princes stantine VI, 22; "the Paphlagonian,'
of, 333; 339; 354; 373; 375; 377; Vene- see Michael IV, Emperor
tians in, 410 sq. ; 519; 521; 611; Byzan. Paphlagonians, family of Michael IV, 102,
tine law in, 723
106 sqq.


## p. 968 (#1010) ###########################################

968
Indeir
Paracamus, Byzantine commander, takes
possession of Armenia, 166
Lapaypapal, explanatory notes on laws, 707
Parakat IV, King of Iberia, treaty with Ro-
manus III, 100
Parakoimomenos (chief chamberlain), office
of, 730; see Basil
Paraphrase of the Institutes, by Theophilus,
707, 721
Paraspondylus, Leo, minister of Theodora,
and Michael VI, 116 sq. ; 320
Parastron, see John
Haparitia, method of explaining Justinian's
laws, 707; in Prochiron auctum, 722
Parenzo, and Venice, 412; Byzantine art at,
768
Paris, Baldwin II at, 429; Manuel II at,
618,678; Parlement at, 441; 558; Greek
scholarships at, 616; 637; Armenian
embassy to, 181; Armenian church at,
163; Byzantine MSS. at, 510, 713, 769;
Constantinople compared with, 745;
bishop of, see Aeneas
Paristrium, duchy of, created, 243
Parium, ravaged by Turks, 344
Parma, see John of; bishop of, see Cadalus
Paroikia, castle of, 437
IIápolkos, Byzantine peasant, compared with
Western villein, 772
Paroïr, ancestor of the Bagratuni, 157
Paros, attacked by Saracen pirates, 141 ;
Venetian, 467, 476
Parthenon, the, 242; as Latin cathedral,
433, 458 sq. ; Latin archbishop leaves, 464
Parthia, 154, 157
Particiaci, Venetian ducal house, 396 sqq. ,
401, 407
Particiacus, Agnellus, doge of Venice, 395;
builds first ducal palace, 396; appoints
tribunes, 397
Particiacus, Badoero, brother of doge John,
399
Particiacus, John, doge of Venice, 399 sq.
Particiacus, Justinian, doge of Venice,
builds first church of St Mark, 396 sq.
Particiacus, Peter Badoero, doge of Venice,
401
Particiacus, Ursus, doge of Venice, and
Patriarch of Grado, 399
Particiacus, Ursus (Paureta), doge of Venice,
400
Particiacus, Ursus, see Ursus
Paschal I, Pope, appealed to by Theodore of
Studion, 32; 33
Paschal II, Pope, and Alexius I, 345, 354,
596; and Bobemond of Antioch, 600
Pasha (Sanjakbey), Ottoman title, 664
Passau, bishopric of, 211, 221, 223; 227;
bishop of, see Hermanric
Passava, Latin castle in Greece, 473
Paterikon, Slavonic translation of a, by St
Methodius, 229
Pathfinding Virgin, famous image of, see
under Constantinople
Patmos, attacked by Saracen pirates, 141;
monastery at, 349; surrendered to Turks,
672; see Christodulus of
Patras, 6; attacked by the Slavs, 37; 50;
frescoes at, 446; Acciajuoli at, 454; leased
by Venetians, 459, 476; surrenders to Con.
stantine Palaeologus, 460; ceded to Turks,
463; burned by Turks, 692; silk manufac-
tures at, 770; Latin archbishop of, 437
Patria Potestas, in Byzantine law, 709
Patriarchate, Patriarchs, of Constantinople,
see under Constantinople, Nicaea; and
the Emperor, 729, 753; Patriarchate of
Antioch, 343; Patriarchate of Aquileia,
see Aquileia; Patriarchate of Baghdad,
289; Patriarchate of Grado, see Grado;
Patriarchate of Bulgaria (Préslav), 238,
240, 243, 490, 520, 522; recreated by John
Asên II, 523; Patriarch executed by
Theodore Svetslav; 531; 542; 560;
Patriarchate of Jerusalem, 173; see Euthy-
mius; Patriarchate of Moldavia, 568; and
Serbia, 542, 554; Patriarchate of Serbia,
created by Stephen Dušan, 542, 547 sq. ;
and Constantinople, 554, 578; Latin Pa-
triarchate of Constantinople, 419, 421, 426,
431; of Antioch, and Jerusalem, 599;
Eastern Patriarchs at Ferrara, 621; P&-
triarch of the Armenians, see Katholikos;
see Church
Patrician, title of, 730, 733; 742
Patzinaks (Patzinakitai), Turkish tribe, 38
sq. , 112, 192, 195, 197 sqq. , 204, 207 sq. ;
and Vladimir the Great, 209 sq. ; before
Constantinople, 212; 238 sq. ; raids in
Bulgaria, 242, 245; 322; raids into the
Empire, 324 sq. ; and Alexius I, 330 sqq. ,
597; defeated by John II, 354; in Byzan-
tine army, 347, 738; prince of, see Kurya
Patzus, Byzantine jurisconsult, 714, 722
Pau, Pedro de, defends Acropolis at Athens,
457
Paul, St, the Apostle, 42; Epistles of, trans-
lated into Slavonic, 225
Paul, Patriarch of Constantinople, zealous
against images, 20; resigns, 20
Paul I, Pope, and confirmation of papal
election, 246
Paul II, Pope, and Skanderbeg, 585
Paul Boua Spata, sells Lepanto to Venetians,
459
Paul, exarch, killed at Ravenna, 390
Paul the Silentiary, poem on Constantinople,
746, 762
Paul, strategus of the Armeniac theme, de.
feated and killed by Saracens, 122
Paul Subió, ban of Bosnia, 591
Paul, count of Opsicium, defeated by Sara-
Paul, bishop of Ancona, Papal legate, and
St Methodius, 227 sq.
Paul, the patrician, Byzantine admiral, 394
Paul, praetor of Cephalonia, Byzantine ad.
miral, 395
Pauler, on Magyars, 195 sqq.
Paulicians, in Asia Minor, their iconoclastic
cens, 126


## p. 969 (#1011) ###########################################

Index
969
zeal, 7; at Constantinople, 29; persecuted
by Theodora, 42, 46, 132; raids on the
Empire, 134; war with Basil I, 139; 737
Paulinus, Patriarch of Aquileia, takes refuge
at Grado, 386
Paulus, punished for circulating Papal Bull
against Cerularius, 271
Panlutius Anafestus (Paulutio, Paulitio),
first doge of Venice, 388; 389
Paun (the "peacock” castle), defeat of Bul-
garians at, 245
Pavia, helped by Manuel, receives Byzantine
subsidy, 370; taken by Franks, 391; trade
at, 396; pactum of, 398; see William of
Paxo, island of, held by Venice, 466
Payen of Orleans, lands in Asia Minor, 480,
482
Pechenêgs, Slav name for Patzinaks, q. v.
Pécs (Fünfkirchen), bishopric of, founded,
214
Pécsvárad, abbot of, see Astrik
Pectoratus, see Stethatus
Pedro III, King of Aragon, 496
Pedro IV, King of Aragon, and Greek
duchies, 455 sqq. , 475
Pegae, Latin colony at, 480 sq. , 483; given
to Henri de Grangerin, 485; ceded to John
III, 487; recaptured, 488
Pege (Selymbria, Silivri), gate of Constan-
tinople, 512, 671, 697 sq.
Pegoraro dei Pegorari, receives fief in Euboea,
435
Ilcipa (Romaics of the Magister), Byzantine
legal manual, 718, 723
Pekin, 632; see Cambalu
Pelagonia, taken by Theodore Angelus, 427;
defeat of Michael Angelus at, 430; defeat
of William of Achaia at, 442 sq. ,
524
Pelagius, Cardinal, mission of, to the By-
zantine Church, 606
Pelecanum, Crusaders and Alexius I at, 338
Pelestrina, taken by Pepin, 394
Peloponnesos (Morea), Slavs of, 37, 42;
theme of, 39, 733, 737; and Byzantine
navy, 742; Saracen raids on, 141; Bul.
garian raids on, 240 sq. ; becomes Venetian,
421, 432; Latin lordship in, 422 sq. ; partly
recovered by Nicaea, 430; Chap. xv pas-
sim; see also Morea; strategus of, see
Theophylitzes
Pelusium, attacked by Byzantines, 133
Pempton Gate, see St Romanus
IIévntes (the “poor”), 51, 771
Pentapolis, the, revolt against Leo III, 9;
abandoned to the Franks, 36, 392; 393
Pentapyrgion, imperial coffer, 40
Pepin, King of the Franks, and Pope Stephen
II, 17 sq. , 391 sq.
Pepin, King of Italy, son of Charlemagne,
393 ; attacks Venice, 36, 394 ; death, 395
Pera, Dominicans at, 615; 696; 699
Perche, see Stephen of
Peredeo, Lombard duke, takes Ravenna,
390
Pereslavl, in Russia, destroyed by Mongols,
637
Pereyaslavets, see Prêslav
Pergamus, captured by Saracens, 2, 117;
344; 378; given to Hospitallers, 480 ;
Henry of Flanders at, 485; held by Turks,
657
Perge, bishop of, see Sisinnius
Peribleptos, St Mary, church of, see under
Constantinople
Perinthus, sacked by Turks, 695
Perm, Russian government of, 193
Permyaks, Ugrian tribe, 194
Pernik, in Bulgaria, besieged by Basil II, 242
Perrhe (Hişn Manşúr), 121
Persia, Sasanian dynasty of, 152, 274, 276;
Sasanian administration, and the Cali-
phate, 280, 283; learning under the
Sasanids, 297 sq. ; Sasanian coins in Bul-
gar, 193; Sasanid kings, see Chosroes,
Kawad, Piroz, Sapor, Yezdegerd; and
Armenia, 153 sq. , 159; 178; 287; 289; 631;
653; 689; Buwaihids in, 277; Seljūgs in,
164, 168, 278, 300, 302, 306, 317; war
with Byzantines, 386; conquered by Mon.
gols, 175, 279, 629, 640; Il-Khān dynasty
in, 644, 647; conquered by Tīmūr, 651,
679; Chazars and, 188; Magyars in, 195;
vassal dynasties in, 300; Shi'ites in, 301;
overrun by Ghuzz, 303; “History of,'
293; Persians in Armenia, 158, 162 sq. ;
in Saracen army, 122 sq. , 125, 127; in
Byzantine army, 38, 130, 736, 738; in-
fluence on Abbasid dynasty, 274, 276,
285; writers in Saracen literature, 290 sq.
,
295, 298; language, 295; philosophy, 296;
converts to Islām, 281; Persian favourite
of Mahomet II, 580; spelling of Tartar,
630; trade with Constantinople, 762; in-
Auence on Byzantium, 773; Persian Gulf,
278, 314, 633
Perugia, 608
Pervoslav Uroš, Župan of Rascia, and
Manuel I, 368, 373
Pescatore, Enrico, buccaneer in Crete, 434
Pesth, see Buda-Pesth
Peter, St, the Apostle, 32, 247; church of,
see Saint Peter
Peter of Courtenay, count of Auxerre, Latin
Emperor of Constantinople, defeat and
death, 427; 438; 607
Peter, Tsar of Bulgaria, 62; and Constantine
VII, 143; and Svyatoslav of Russia, 208;
243; 245; reign of, 238 sq.
Peter Asên, Tsar of Bulgaria, revolts against
Empire, 517 sqq. ; 590
Peter Bodin, Tsar of Bulgaria, see Constan-
tine Bodin
Peter I of Lusignan, King of Cyprus, offered
crown of Armenia, 181, 468; vigorous
reign of, 469 sq. ; 477
Peter II, King of Cyprus, and Genoese, 455,
470, 477
Peter, Prince of Hum, 591
Peter I Mouchate, Prince of Moldavia, 593
508 sq. ,


## p. 970 (#1012) ###########################################

970
Index
Peter II Mouchate, Prince of Moldavia, 593
Peter III Mouchate, Prince of Moldavia, 593
Peter the Great, of Russia, and Mongols,
650
Peter I Candianus, doge of Venice, and
Slav pirates, 389, 400 sq.
Peter II Candianus, doge of Venice, and
Istria, 401
Peter III Candianus, doge of Venice, and
Patriarch of Aquileia, 401
Peter IV Candianus, doge of Venice, dynas-
tic ambition of, 401; murdered, 402; 403
69. ; 407
Peter, Patriarch of Antioch, Michael Cera.
larius and, 113, 262, 268, 270; and Leo
IX, 264, 267
Peter Marturias, Patriarch of Grado, 399
Peter Chrysolanus, archbishop of Milan, and
Greek Church, 345, 600
Peter the Venerable, abbot of Cluny, and
seizure of Constantinople, 601
Peter, bishop of Amalfi, legate of Leo IX,
and Cerularius, 269
Peter Damian, St, quoted, 408 note
Peter, bishop of Jesolo, 399
Peter Boua, Albanian leader, 463
Peter the Hermit, and his lawless troops,
334; reaches Constantinople, 336; de.
feated, 337
Peter the Sicilian, sent to Paulicians by
Basil I, 139
Peter the magister, general of Irene, cap.
tured by Saracens, 124
Petitions, Master of (o & ml Tŵr de hoewv), office
of, 731
Petrarch, on Greek feeling against Latins,
616
Petrion, see under Constantinople, churches
of
Petroë, battle of, 117 sq.
Petronas, brother of Theodora, campaign
against the Saracens, 46, 133; builds
Sarkel, 192
Petros Getadartz, Katholikos of Armenia,
mediates between John-Smbat and his
brother, 112; 163; betrays Ani to Con.
stantine IX, 165
Petrović, family in Montenegro, 587
Pettau, 211; 227
Pezineigi, see Patzinaks
Pezola, 64
Phangoria (Tamatercha, Tmutorakan),
Justinian II at, 189; Jews at, 190, 208
Phanariote Greeks, 588
Philadelphia, 344, 377, 383; Greek lord.
ship founded at, 423; French duke of,
480, 516; Turkish rule of, 654; 655; sur.
rendered to Turks, 671; metropolitan of,
and Michael VIII, 503
Philadelphion, see under Constantinople
Philagathus, John, anti-Pope, 91
Phileta, attacked by Seljūgs, 377
Philip of Swabia, King of the Romans, 415;
and Fourth Crusade, 416 sq. ; 421; 596,
Philip I of Anjou-Taranto (Philip II, titu.
lar Latin Emperor), 179; becomes suze-
rain of Greece, 448 sq. ; 452 sq. ; 614; 474;
476
Philip II of Taranto (Philip III, titular Latin
Emperor), 454; death, 456; 535 sq. ; 474;
476
Philip I, King of France, 337
Philip II Augustus, King of France, 415 sq.
Philip IV the Fair, King of France, 177
Philip VI of Valois, King of France, 179;
and Leo V of Armenia, 180
Philip of Antioch, made King of Armeno.
Cilicia, 174
Philip, count of Flanders and Vermandois,
377; arranges marriage of Alexius II, 379
Philip of Courtenay, declines Latin Empire,
427
Philip of Savoy, marries Isabelle of Achaia,
448, 474
Philip of Macedon, 49
Philippa of Antioch, and Andronicus Com.
nenus, 375, 381
Philippi, 492
Philippicus, Emperor, 6
Philippopolis, 37; 234; taken by Russians,
. 240; Manichaeans at, 243; 344; Latin
dukedom of, 422, 520, 523, 590; Bul.
garians defeated at, 425, 521; 427; 481;
502; ceded to Bulgaria, 541; 553; taken
by Turks, 555; 571; 676; 691
Philocales, Eumathius, stratopedarch of
Alexius I, 331; duke of Cyprus, 340 sq. ;
governor of Attalia, 344
Philomelium (Āq-Gyul), Alexius I at, 339,
344; captured by Ertugbril, 655
Philosopher, the, see Leo VI; title applied
to St Cyril, 217
Philotheus, author of Kleterologion, 58,
256, 730
Philotheus, Patriarch of Constantinople,
friend of Harmenopulus, 617; 722
Philoxenus, commentator on the Novels,
707
Phobenus, George, Byzantine legal writer,
718
Phocaea (Foglia), in Asia Minor, 468, 662;
667; Genoese in, 684, 477; trade of, 775;
477
Phocas family, 64, 69, 78; its riches, 93; 95;
711; generals of, 739
Phocas, Emperor, 707
Phocas, Bardas, general, father of Nice-
phorus II, 70; defeated by Saracens, 72;
143
Phocas, Bardas, nephew of Nicephorus II,
rebels against John I, 81, 147; defeats
Bardas Sclerus, 85, 148; rebels again,
87, 208; defeat and death, 88, 149;
captures Antioch, 89; 772
Phocas, Bardas, disgraced by Constantine
VIII, 97
Phocas, Leo, general, uncle of Nicephorus
II, 70; revolts under Constantine VII,
603 sg.
60 sq.


## p. 971 (#1013) ###########################################

Index
971
Phocas, Leo, brother of Nicephorus II,
general of Theophano, 68; 69 sq. ; made
curopalates 72; enmity to John I, 78;
banished, 79; revolts and failure, 81
Phocas, Nicephorus, patrician, general of
Basil I, 69; victories in Italy, 140; victory
at Adana, 141, 142; leader against the
Bulgars, 199
Phocas, Nicephorus, see Nicephorus II,
Emperor
Phocas, Nicephorus, son of Bardas Phocas,
rebels against Basil II, 95
Phocas, Peter, son of Leo, patrician, 79;
takes Antioch, 146; made commander in
Anatolia, 84; killed at Rhegeas, 85
Phocis, mosaics in, 769
Phoenicia, freed from the Saracens, 148
Photian schism, see Photius
Photinus, strategus of the Anatolics, de.
feated in Crete, 132
Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople, made
Patriarch, 46, 248 sqq. ; and Roman
Church, 47, 248 sqq. ; deposed and exiled,
53, 250 sq. ; again becomes Patriarch, 54
sq. , 253; exiled by Leo VI, 56; death,
254; and Bulgaria, 45, 236; 255; 103;
261 sq. ; 264; 267; 271 sq. ; and St Cyril,
218 sq. , 221; defends Constantinople, 46;
594; 625; 711; 718; 723 sq. ; 753; learn-
ing of, 763; sermons of, 766
Phrantzes, Byzantine historian, and Con-
stantine Palaeologus, 460; 474; 585 note;
on Manuel II, 619; on resignation of John
VI, 666, 671 note; 685 note; 695 note;
696 note; 697; 700; 765
Phrygia (Germiyān), 42; 121; 124; 170;
Turks in, 654 sq. , 657; Bāyazid I and,
675; emir of, 690; Phrygian dynasty,
32, 36, 38, see Michael II, Theophilus;
nationality of Empress Eudocia, 57
Piacenza, Council of, Byzantine ambassadors
at, 599
Piale Pasha, Turkish admiral, occupies
Naxos and Chios, 468
Pian di Carpine, John of, see John
Piave, river, and Magyar raid, 400; 405
Picardy, 415
Picenati, see Patzinaks
Piedmont, 181; Piedmontese in Greece, 448;
513; see Benzo
Pierre de Bracheuil, lands in Asia Minor,
480, 482 sq. ; turns traitor, 484
“ Pillars of Hercules,” 742
Pindar, 763 sq.
Pindus, Mt, passes of, 241
Piraeus, the, 675
Piriska, see Irene
Piroz, Sasanid King of Persia, persecutes
Armenians, 155
Pisa, fleet of, allied with Bohemond, 339
sq. ; Alexius I and, 341, 344; and John
II, 358; and Manuel I, 370 sq. ; and First
Crusade, 410 sq. ; and Baldwin II, 429;
511; Byzantine fleet and, 742; Council
of, 619; Pisans at Constantinople, 362,
750; trade with Constantinople, 762 ;
archbishop of, see Daimbert
Pisani dynasty, in the Aegean, 467
Pithecas, in Asia Minor, 365
Pitti family at Athens, 461
Pius II (Aeneas Sylvius), Pope, sends crown
to Stephen Tomašević of Bosnia, 578 sqq. ;
Skanderbeg and, 584; 692 note
Piyādē, Turkish infantry, 665
Plague, in Cilicia, 170, 176; Venetians at-
tacked by, at Chios, 413; at Ferrara, 622
Planudes, Byzantine professor, 764
Plataea, in the Marmora, Turkish feet de-
feated at, 686
Platani, in Sicily, tributary to Saracens, 136;
revolts, 137
Plato, abbot of the Sakkudion, 21, 23,
28
Plato, Platonic doctrines in Arabic, 296;
philosophy of, 350; 363; taught by Plethon
at Mistrâ, 460, 766; 501; Dialogues of,
763 sq. ; brought to Italy by Byzantines,
777
Platonion, 11
Plethon, George Gemistus, teaches Platonism
at Mistrâ, 460, 766; 474; controversy
with Roman Church, 595, 624
Pliska (Aboba), early capital of the Bulgar-
ians, 231, 235, 237; taken by Nicephorus I,
232 sq. ; 241
Plotinus, translated into Arabic, 295
Plutarch, 763
Po valley, importance as a trade route, 396;
399
Podandus, 127; death of Ma'mūn at, 129;
river, 131; theme of, 343
Podgorica, in Montenegro, 534, 586
Pogodin, Russian historian, 199
Pogonatus, see Constantine IV
Noinua vouckov, legal treatise of Michael At-
taliates, 722
Poimanenon, Theodore I, defeated at, 424,
481; John III victorious at, 428, 487;
485; 488
Poitiers, Charles Martel's victory at, 2;
Black Prince's, 454; see Raymond
Poland, 214; 556; Mongols in, 637, 652;
kings of, see Boleslav, Vladislav; suze.
rain of Moldavia, 568; Poles, and Turks,
557; 692; see Benedict the Pole
Polani, John, Venetian admiral, 412
Political verse, Greek national metre,
721 note
Poljica, republic of, becomes vassal of Ven.
ice, 564; 587; 592
Polotsk, Russian trading centre, 202
Polovtzi, see Cumans
Polyans, Slav tribe at Kiev, 201, 203 sq.
Polybius, 763
Polychronium, Methodius made abbot of,
221
Polyeuctes, made Patriarch of Constanti.
nople by Constantine VII, 65; his cha.
racter, 65; 66; 68; supports Nicephorus
II, 71 sq. ; excommunicates Nicephorus,


## p. 972 (#1014) ###########################################

972
Index
see
74; 75; John I and, 79; death, 80; 260;
and Liudprand, 261; 753
Pomposa, abbey of, 405
Pons, count of Tripolis, 343
Ponthion, convention of, 17
Pontus, 81, 121; trade with Constantinople,
762; see also Chaldia, Trebizond
Popes. See Alexander II, III, IV; Benedict
ILI, VIII, XI, XII, XIII; Boniface VI,
IX; Calixtus II, III; Celestine III; Cle-
ment IV, V, VI; Eugenius III, IV; For-
mosus; Gregory II, III, V, VII, IX, X, XI;
Hadrian I, II, III, IV; Honorius II, III;
Innocent II, III, IV, V, VI; John VIII, IX,
X, XI, XIII, XIX, XXI, XXII; Leo IV,IX;
Martin IV,
V; Nicholas II, III, IV, V;
Paschal I, II; Pius II; Romanus; Sergius
III; Stephen II, V, VI, IX; Theodore II;
Urban II, IV, V; Victor II; Zacharias.
See also Papacy, Roman Church
Poppo, Patriarch of Aquileia, attacks Grado,
407
Porphyrogenitus, Constantine, Con.
gary, 214
733 sq.
stantine VII; palace of the, see under
Constantinople; title of, 728
Porphyry Chamber, in the Palace at Con.
stantinople, 24
Porto, bishop of, see Formosus, Radoald
Porus, in Thrace, 662
Posádniki, deputies of Oleg in Russian towns,
205
Poson, victory of Petronas at, 46, 134
Postal service, 731; under the Caliphate,
283; under Mongols, 629, 634, 647
Potenza, Louis VII at, 601
Poveglia, settlement of, 386
"Powerful,” see Auvarol
Praecepta, of the Western Empire for Venice,
395; praeceptum of Thionville, 398; of
Pavia, 400
Praepositus (Grand Master of Ceremonies),
office of, 730
Praetorium, see under Constantinople
Prague, 214; bishop of, see Vojtěch, St
Prefect of the City (Constantinople), office
of, 760 sq. , see Eparch
“ Prefect, Book of the,” 58, 716, 719, 760 sq.
Prefect of Police (Muslim), see Muḥtasib
Pregadi, Venetian senate, beginnings of,
407
Preljub, Serbian governor of Joánnina, 543,
552
Preljubović, see Thomas
Presiam (Malomir), Khan of Bulgaria, 235
Prêslav, Great (Pereyaslavets), Bulgarian
royal residence, 235; taken by Russians,
208; by Byzantines, 240 sq. ; splendour
under Simeon, 237; made capital by
Peter Asên, 519; Patriarch of, 238, 522
Prêslav, Little, captured by Basil II, 241
Prespa, capital of Samuel of Bulgaria, 240
s99. ; ceded to John III, 494; lake of, 245
Prester John, 631, 639; identity of, 650
Pribina, Slavonic prince in Pannonia, 211
Prijesda I, “ the great," ban of Bosnia, 591
Prijesda II, ban of Bosnia, 591
Prilep in Macedonia, 238; 241; 430; 502;
taken by Epirotes, 504; 524; ceded to
Serbia, 534; 555
Princes Islands, used as place of banish-
ment, 16, 25, 29, 46, 95, 247, 265, 319,657
Prinkipo, destroyed by Turks, 698; convent
of, 106
Priština, temporary capital of Serbia, 523,
541; Vuk Branković at, 559; 562
Prizren, 244, 523, 554; bishopric of, 243
Prochiron, law book of Basil I, 52; 59; 710;
712 sq. ; 716; revision of, 717; 718; 721 sqq.
Prochiron auctum, 717, 722
Prochiron legum, 717, 725
Proconnesus, 68; 134; 323
Procopius, Byzantine historian, 765; on Slav
colonisation, 200; book of Edifices, 746;
on dome of St Sophia, 752
Proedros (President of the Senate), title con-
ferred on Basil Lecapenides, 72
Prokuy, revolts against St Stephen of Hun.
Promptuarium (Herabiblos), legal treatise of
Harmenopulus, 721 sqq.
Pronishta, Albanian castle, 242
Pronoetes, of Bulgaria, office created, 243,
Propontis, the, see Marmora
Propylaea, the, at Athens, made ducal palace,
461, 464
Prosek, Bulgarian fortress, 519, 522
IIpoo kúvnois (veneration), of images, 21; of
the Emperor, 726
Proteuon, title of administrator of Cherson,
189; 192
Proti, island of, 63; 65; 79
Protimesis (law of redemption), in Novels of
later Emperors, 715; commentary on, 718;
721; 725
Protoasecretis, office of the, 731; held by
Photius, 248
Protochancellor of the theme, 734
Protomandator of the theme, 734
Protonotary of the theme, 734
Protosebastos, title of, conferred on doges,
412
Protospatharius, title of, 730
Protovestiary, office of, 730
Provence, 64; 260; see Hugh of
Prüm, see Regino of
Prusa (Brūsa), 344; 383; resists Latins,
481; 483; 485; Theodore I at, 479, 487;
marriage of John III at, 495; 613; church
at, 498; baths of, 23; see also Brūsa.
Prusianus, see Fruyin
Pruth, river, 198
Prymnessus, see Acroïnon
Psalms, translated into Slavonic by St Cyril,
226; Byzantine psalters, 769
Psará, Genoese at, 468, 477
Psellus, Michael, statesman and historian,
84 note; 96; 98; on Michael IV, 102; 103
sqq. ; 110; teaches philosophy, 114, 764;
115; 118; and Cerularius, 265, 271; on


## p. 973 (#1015) ###########################################

Index
973
Qutb-ad-Din Muḥammad, Khwärazm Shāh,
312
Qutlughshāh, Mongol general, 178
Qutuz, Mamlūk Sultan of Egypt, defeats
Mongols, 643; killed by Baibars, 644
Isaac I, 321 sq. ; 323 sq. ; legal writings of,
715, 719, 721, 724; learning of, 763;
history, 765; 764; 766; 774 sq.
Pseudo-Tipucitus, legal treatise, 720
Ptéleon, occupied by Venice, 453, 457, 465,
476; becomes Turkish, 466
Ptochotropheion, founded by Michael IV,
102
Pulchas, Turkish emir of Cappadocia, 331
Pulcheria, sister of Romanus III, 101: mar-
riage to Constantine Monomachus, 108 sq.
Puy, see Ademar
Puzes, John, minister of John II and of
Manuel I, 362
Pyramus, river, 122
Pyrgus, in Thrace, taken by Turks, 667
Qādir, Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad, 277
Qabriye-jāmi', see Chora under Constanti.
nople, churches of
Qā'im, Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad, and Sel.
jūgs, 304, 306
Qairawān (Kairawān), Aghlabid capital, 300
Qaisariyah, see Caesarea
Qalá’ūn (Saif-ad-Din Qalā’ūn al-Alfi),
Mamlūk Sultan of Egypt, defeats Mon-
gols and Armenians, 176; 177
Qānūn (Canon) of Avicenna, 297
Qāraja, emir of Harrān, defeats Crusaders,
341
Qaramān (Karamania), city and emirate of,
654; and Ottoman Turks, 668, 672; Tīmūr
in, 683; independent of Ottomans, 684 sq. ;
emir of, 690 sq. , 694
Qaramān, Turkish chief in Asia Minor,
654
Qarghūyah, emir of Aleppo, treaty with
Byzantines, 146
Qāsim, Abbasid prince, 126
Qāsim, a name of Barkiyāruq, q. v.
Qāsim, Saracen commander in Armenia, 156
Qāsim, youngest son of Bāyazid I, 686
Qāsim Pasha, on Golden Horn, 700
Qāwurd, 'Imād-ad-Din, ruler of Kirmān,
uncle of Malik Shāh, 307, 314
Qawwām-ad-Daulah Karbuqā, see Kerbogha
Qazwin, see Zakarīyā
Qilij Arslān I ibn Sulaiman, Sultan of Rūm,
341; and Crusaders, 315 sqq. , 340; and
Alexius I, 331; 343; 353
Qilij Arslān II, son of Masóūd, Sultan of
Rūm, 373; at Constantinople, 377; de-
feats Manuel, 378
Qonya (Iconium), see Iconium
Qoyun-Hisār, see Baphaeum
Quaestor, office of, 731
Quarnero, the, 559
Quierzy (Kiersy), assembly of, 17
Quirini, Venetian family, lordship of, at
Astypalaia, 435; downfall of dynasty, 467;
at Lampsacus, 480, 488
Quraish (Kuraish), the tribe of the Prophet,
281
Qur'ān, see Koran
Qutalmish, Seljūq prince, 304
Raab, bishopric of, see Györ
Raab, Hungarian river, 211
Ra bãn, captured by Nicephorus I, 144
Rabbāh, Saracen leader in Sicily, 137
Rabī', Arab general, 124 . 07% 82
Racova, Moldavian victory over Turks, 588
Radak, governor of Bobovac, surrenders to
the Turks, 580
Radakovica, cliff of, 580
Rāļi, Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad, 282
Radić Crnoje, “Lord of the Zeta,” 586;
592
Radimiches, Slav tribe, subdued by Vladimir,
209
Radivoj, son of Stephen Ostoja of Bosnia,
573; slays his brother, 578; executed by
Turks, 581
Radla, Bohemian priest, and the conversion
of Hungary, 214
Radlov, and site of Karakorum, 640
Radoald, cardinal-bishop of Porto, legate of
Pope Nicholas I, 248
Radoslav, ruler of Dioclea, 356
Radoslav, of Serbia, dispossessed by his
brother, 522
Radoslav, Župan of Hum, 591
Radou I Negrou (Rudolf the Black), founds
principality of Wallachia, 540, 593
Radou II, Prince of Wallachia, 593
Radou III, Prince of Wallachia, 593
Radou IV, “The Fair,” Prince of Wal-
lachia, 593
Radou V, “The Great,” Prince of Wal.
lachia, 593
Rāghib, Saracen admiral, victory off Asia
Minor, 141
Ragusa, raided by Saracens, 137; 138 sq. ;
Robert Guiscard and, 325; surrenders to
Venetians, 413; Bosnia and, 517, 565 sq. ,
583; and Bulgaria, 523 sq. ; and Serbia,
535, 549, 553 sq. , 570; 556 sq. ; 559; 581;
and Murād II, 690; see John of
Rai (Rayy), 303; taken by Seljūgs, 304, 309;
310; 314
“Rama, King of", title taken by kings of
Hungary, 519, 527
Ramaņān, Muslim fast, 284
Rambaud, A. , on Byzantine Empire, 735,
737; on Constantinople, 750, 770; on
Greek language, 774
Rametta, in Sicily, 144; captured by Sara-
Randazzo, see Frederick, John
Rangabé, see Michael I, Emperor
Raphanea, taken by Basil II, 149
Rapsomates, rebels against Alexius I, 331
Rasa, bishopric of, 2,3
Rascia, see Novibazar; Chap. xvi passim;
King of Hungary and, 519, 527; fertility
cens, 147


## p. 974 (#1016) ###########################################

974
Index
of, 537; Župan of, see Bolkan, Pervoslav,
Stephen
Rashid, see Hārūn ar-Rashid
Rashid, on Mongols, 631 sq.
Rationalis, title, superseded by that of
Logothete, 731
Ravano dalle Carceri of Verona, becomes
terziere of Euboea, 435
Ravenna, revolts against Leo III, 9; cap-
tured by Lombards, 17, 390 sq. ; 18; 36;
385 sqq. ; given to Pope, 392; 393; 398;
pactum of, 399 sq. ; 405 sq. ; church of
San Vitale at, 758, 768; monuments at,
776
Ravennika, Henry of Flanders at, 426
Rāwandi, Persian historian, on the Ghuzz,
303; 305
Raymond, of Saint-Gilles, int of Tou.
louse, 335; in First Crusade, 336, 338 sqq. ;
death, 342
Raymond of Poitiers, Prince of Antioch, 359;
and John II, 361; and Manuel, 365
Raymond III of Antioch, count of Tripolis,
375; marries niece of Leo the Great, 172
Rayy, see Rai
Razboina, in the Balkans, 233
Rāzi, Arab medical writer, 297 sq.
Rector, impersonates Michael VII, 329
Red Russia (Eastern Galicia), and Vladímir,
209
Red Sea, 762
Regency, council of, during minority of
Constantine VII, 59 sq.
Reggio, captured by Saracens, 141
Regina, duke of, last representative of Tocco
family, 466
Reginald of Chatillon, regent of Antioch,
and Armenia, 170; 374 sq.
Regino of Prüm, chronicler, on arrival of
Magyars, 198
Register of Papal Letters, discovered in Lon.
don, 226 sq.
Reinberg, bishop of Kolberg, imprisoned by
Vladimir the Great, 210
Remigius Lellius, supposed ancestor of Pa-
laeologi, 503
Renaissance, the, Byzantine influence on,
777; influence of Mongols on, 628
Renascence, in the tenth century: debt to
Iconoclastic art, 26; 777
Renier, the Caesar, son of William of Mont-
ferrat, marries Mary, daughter of Manuell,
379; 380; murdered by Andronicus, 382
Renier of Trit, duke of Philippopolis, 422,
425, 520, 590
Repurgatio veterum legum, see Anacatharsis,
714
Reshtuni, Armenian state, 157
Rhaedestus, see Rodosto
Rhegeas, battle of, 85
Rheims, archbishop of, see Hincmar
Rhodes, 64; Saracens land in, 127; pillaged
by Venetians, 354, 411; 410; lordship of
Gabalas at, 423, 432; and John III, 428,
488, 494; 441; and Michael VIII, 445;
Hospitallers at, see Hospitallers; John
Palaeologus, governor of, 504; 510; and
Turks, 467, 654 sq. , 657 sq. , 665, 705;
rulers of, see Table, 477
Rhodope, Mts. , district of, 478; rebels against
Theodore II, 501 sq. , 525; 524
“Rhos,” the, identified with Russians of
Kiev, 203; see Rus
Rhosus, captured by Byzantines, 145
Rhyndakos, river, see Luparkos
Rialto, settlement of, 386; formed into city
of Venice, 388 sqq. , 394; defies Pepin, 394;
397
Ribnica, river, 517
Richard I, King of England, 362; 432;
seizes Cyprus, 384, 603; sells Cyprus to
Guy of Lusignan, 470
Richard II, King of England, made executor
of last king of Armeno-Cilicia, 181
Richard, abbot of St Vannes, and Pope
John XIX, 262; at Constantinople, 264
Richard, count of Cephalonia, 475
Ridwan, Seljūg ruler in Aleppo, 314, 340
Rila, mountains, 239, 502, 548, 577; see
John of
Ripaticum, river toll, 400, 404
Ritha, sister of Hethum II of Armeno-
Cilicia, 177
Riva degli Schiavoni, at Venice, 400
Rjeka, in Montenegro, 587
Robert of Courtenay, Latin Emperor, 427
Robert of Taranto, Prince of Achaia (Robert
II, titular Latin Emperor), 453 sq. ; 474;
476
Robert, King of Naples, 179
Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia, and
Alexius I, 325, 328 sq. , 408 sq. ; death,
330; 334; 337; 341 sq. ; 352; 411 sq. ; and
Pope Nicholas II, 597; and Pope Gregory
VII, 598
Robert, son of Robert Guiscard, 330
Robert, count of Flanders, and Alexius I,
sq. ; 486
333 sq.
Robert, Prince of Capua, on embassy of
Conrad III, 360
Robert of Champlitte, dispossessed by
Geoffrey Villehardouin, 438
Robert of Clari, on wealth of Constantinople,
745
Robert of Loritello, revolts against William
of Sicily, 369
Roccafort, Catalan leader, 658
Rodolph, King of Italy, and Venice, 400
Rodoni, cape, Skanderbeg's castle on, 585
Rodosto (Rhaedestus), siege of, by Tornicius,
111; becomes Venetian, 421; taken by
Catalans, 658; Turks defeated at, 662
Roe, Sir Thomas, ambassador to Mogul
Empire, 652
Roger Borsa, Duke of Apulia, 345, 354
Roger II, King of Sicily, claims to Antioch,
and Manuel, 360, 365 sq. , 368; death
of, 369, 411; fleet defeated at Trani, 412;
plans against Constantinople, 596, 600 sq.
358;


## p. 975 (#1017) ###########################################

Index
975
Roger, Prince of Antioch, and Leo of Ar.
meno-Cilicia, 169
Roger Bacon, on Tartars, 630; 764
Roger de Flor (Blum), leader of the Catalan
Grand Company, 657; death, 658
Roger Deslaur, becomes ruler of Athens for
the Catalans, 451; 475
Romaics of the Magister, see IIeipa
Romaioctonos, epithet applied to Kalojan of
Bulgaria, 425
'Pwuaíoc, oi, in Byzantine administrative
language, 738
Roman I Mouchate, Prince of Moldavia, 593
Roman II Mouchate, Prince of Moldavia,
593
Roman UI, Prince of Moldavia, 593
Roman Armenia, see Armenia
Roman Church, see Councils, Papacy, Popes;
relations with Byzantine Church, Chaps.
IX, XIX ; share in conversion of Hungary,
214; and Russians, 210; and Kalojan of
Bulgaria, 520 sq. ; in Serbia, 537; in Bosnia,
574 sq. , 582; in Montenegro, 586
Roman Law, Byzantine legislation based on,
Chap. xxn passim; and the allelengyon, 93;
Ecloga contrasted with, 709; influence on
Muslim legal system, 280, 292
Roman, conquest of Greece, 629; of Judea,
629; Roman division of Empire, 732;
Roman protectorate of Black Sea towns,
184; Roman influence on Muslim postal
system, 283; Roman and Byzantine Em.
pires compared, 728 sq. ; Alexius I's letter
to the Romans, 600
Roman, son of Peter of Bulgaria, 240
Romania (Latin Empire), see Assises of; see
also Latin Empire
Romanus I Leca penus, Emperor, regent,
59 sq. ; seizes throne, 61; plebeian origin
of, 61 note; policy, 62 sq. ; deposition and
death, 63; legislation, 62, 93, 715 sq. ,
725; 64; 72; 79; 98 note; 142 sq. ; and
Magyars, 212; 238; 257; and Patriarch.
ate, 63, 259 sq.
Romanus II, Emperor, worthless character
of, 64; succeeds to throne, 67; family of,
68; death, 69; 70 sq. ; 73; 77; 81 sq. ; 84;
98; 144; 239
Romanus III Argyrus, Emperor, married
forcibly to Zoë, 98; character and govern-
ment of, 99; conspiracies against, 100;
murder, 101; 102; 108; 150; 319; Novels
of, 715; 718
Romanus IV Diogenes, Emperor, defeated
and captured by Seljūqs at Manzikert, 167,
306 sqq. , 325, 597; 326; 330; 333; 344; 378
Romanus, son of Romanus I, 64
Romanus, Pope, and Photian Schism, 256
Romanus, Byzantine hymnographer, 766
Rome, 5; revolts against Leo III, 9; attacked
by Lombards, 17; Charlemagne crowned
in, 24; 153; Cyril and Methodius at, 216,
224, 226 sq. , 250; 249; 253; 261; 263;
271 sq. ; 345; 399; 405; Baldwin II at,
429; 448; Greek pensioners at, 463 sq. ;
578; Queen of Bosnia in, 581; 602; Boni.
face of Montferrat at, 604; ambassadors
of John II at, 608; 617; John V at, 618,
670; 637; Eastern monks at, 258; By.
zantine churches at, 264; trade route to,
396; Synods and Councils at, see Councils;
see Lateran; pactum of, 402; monuments
at, 776; compared with Constantinople,
745
Romkla in Armeno-Cilicia, 171; captured
by Mamlūks, 177
'Poral, al, collection of excerpts from Jus-
tinianean law, 707 sq. , 723
Rosafa, fortress at Scutari, 564
Rossano, Byzantine MS. at, 768
Rostislav, Prince of Chernigov, and Theo-
dore II, 502, 525; rules duchy of Mačva,
526
Rostislav, Prince of Great Moravia, asks for
Christian teaching, 44, 235; 221 sq. ; 225
sq.
Rotrude, daughter of Charlemagne, 20
“Rough Passes }” of Nicomedia, battle of,
483
Roumania, Cumans in, 519; early history
of, 540; Byzantine law in, 724; Church
in, 568; Roumanians, at Kossovo, 573;
Roumanian birth of Hunyadi, 571; see
also Moldavia, Wallachia
Roussel de Bailleul, Norman leader against
the Byzantines, 326
Roussillon, 451
Rovigno, and Venice, 412
Rovine, Turks defeat Wallachians at, 561
Ruben (Rupen) I, Armenian prince, founds
principality of Armeno-Cilicia, 154, 167
Ruben II, son of Thoros II, King of Armeno.
Cilicia, 171
Ruben III, King of Armeno-Cilicia, 171, 376
Ruben, son of Leo I of Armeno-Cilicia, 358
sq. ; put to death, 169
Ruben-Raymond, heir of Antioch, protected
by Leo the Great, 173; defeat and death
of, 174
Rubruquis (William of Rubruck), the friar,
visits Mongols, 515; 630 sqq. , 640 sq.
Rudolf the Black, see Radou Negrou
Rukn-ad-Daulah-w'ad Din, title of Barki.
yāruq, 305, 309
Rukn-ad-Din, Sultan of Rūm, 173
Rukn-ad-Din, ruler of the Assassins, de-
feated by Mongols, 641
Rūm, see Iconium
Rumelia, 555, 571
Rumelia-Hisār, fortress, built by Mahomet
II, 694
Rupel, pass of, Bulgarians defeated at, 430
Rupen, see Ruben
Rural Code of Leo III (νόμος γεωργικός), 4,
708; importance to historian, 710
Rurik, supposed founder of Russian dy.
nasty, 200, 205
Rus, 200; means Swedes in Eastern writers,
204; see Rhos, Russians
sq. ; 358


## p. 976 (#1018) ###########################################

976
Index
Rusa, 338
Ruschuk, 687
Russia, early history of, 183 sqq. , 199 sqq. ;
Turks in, 186; Mongols in, 279, 628, 631,
638; Andronicus Comnenus in, 381; John
Asên II in, 521; 527; 659; Byzantine law
in, 723 sq. ; Byzantine influence on, 776;
Slavonic ecclesiastical literature in, 229;
churches in, 769
Russians, ambassadors in Constantinople,
38 sq. ; attack Constantinople, 46, 140,
743, 747; princess of, see Olga; 96; 133;
Basil I and, 138; war with John I, 81;
Basil II and, 88, 149; conversion of, 89, 207,
210, 259; Constantine IX and, 111; 190;
ravage Bulgary, 193; 194; 197; and Pat-
zinaks, 199; early history of, 199 sqq. ; and
Bulgaria, 239 sq. ; 263; and Manuel I, 368;
and Mongols, 649 sq. , 652; trade with Sel-
jūgs, 516; with Constantinople, 762; in
Byzantine army, 347, 738; in Constanti-
nople, 746,750; and Byzantine navy, 743;
Russian Church, 261, 595, 712; see also
Church, Byzantine; and Council of Ferrara,
621; Russian language, 220, 222; liturgies
translated into, 92; “Russian Chronicle"
(Nestor), 204, 209, 264 note; see Kiev,
Svyatoslav, Vladimir, Yaroslav
Rustam, Sultan of Rūm, defeated by Leo the
Great, 172
Ryazan, destroyed by Mongols, 637
Sabaeans, sect of, at Harrān, 297 sq.
Sabaktagin, father of Mahmud of Ghaznah,
303
Zaßáptol (Eastern Magyars), 195
Sábbas, lordship of, on Black Sea coast,
480; conquered by Theodore I, 482
Sabbioncello, peninsula of, ceded to Ragu.
Sabin, Khan of Bulgaria, takes refuge at
Constantinople, 232
Sabor, Serbian Parliament of nobles, 547
Sabutai, Mongol general, 637; 644
Sacellarius, office of, 731
Sacred Way, between Athens and Eleusis,
438
Sa'd-ad-Daulah, Hamdānid emir of Aleppo,
Sa'd-ad-Din, Turkish chronicler, on battle of
Saif-ad-Daulah, Hamdānid emir of Aleppo,
wars with Constantine VII, 143 sq. ;
death, 146; master of North Syria, 277;
patron of literature, 290, 296
Saif-ad-Din Qalā’ūn al-Alfi, see Qalā’ün
Sains, see Guillaume de
St Andronicus, see of, in Pannonia, Metho-
dius made bishop of, 226
St Anne, monastery of, 92
St Anthony the Great, church of, at Nicaea,
498
St Benignus at Dijon, abbot of, see William
St Bertin, Annals of the monastery of, on the
“Rhos,” 203
St Clement, church of, at Rome, 225
St Demetrius, see Demetrius; church of, at
Salonica, 768, 770; chapel of, at Trnovo,
518; abbot of, see Isidore
St Denis, abbey of, 181; see Suger; Panto-
krator church compared with, 753
St Elias (Ilya), cathedral of, at Kiev, 207
St Gall, the monk of, on Venetian trade at
Pavia, 396
St George, Genoese bank of, and Famagosta,
471; see Mangana
St Germain, Philip de, of Savoy, sent to
Pope Clement VI, 615
St Gilles, see Raymond; 602
St Gregory, abbey of, near Ephesus, 495
St John, Knights of, see Hospitallers; church
of, at Valencia, 496; monastery of, see
under Constantinople
St John Baptist, church of, at Prusa, 498;
convent of, at Thessalonica, 66
St John Lateran, see Lateran
St Luke, church of, at Phocis, 769
St Mark, Venice, first church of, 396; 400;
402; new church of, 407; assembly in,
411; annual tribute to, 412; 415; modelled
on church of the Holy Apostles at Con-
stantinople, 753, 776; column of, erected,
413
St Martin's, Hungary, abbot of, becomes
archbishop of Gran, see Anastasius
St Menehould, see Macaire
St Nicholas, church of, at Bari, 537
St Omer, brothers, fief of, in Greece, 433;
see Nicholas; castle of, at Thebes, 446,
453
St Paul, hospital and, orphanage of, see
under Constantinople
St Peter, church of, at Rome, 18; Charle-
magne crowned in, 24; 618; Councils at,
see Councils; school at Constantinople,
founded by Constantine IX, 114; cathedral
of, at Olivolo, 397
St Pol, see Hugh of
St Romanus gate (Pempton, Top Qāpū), at
Constantinople, 696, 698 sq. , 701 sq. , 704,
749
St Sabas, Laura of, 10
St Sava of Serbia, see Sava
St Servolo, abbot of, 397; island of, 406
St Simeon, port of Antioch, 341
St Sophia, church of, at Constantinople, 15,
Kossovo, 558 note; on capture of Con-
stantinople, 704
Sa'd-al-Mulk, minister of the Great Seljūq
Muhammad, 311
Şadaqah, guardian of Seljūg prince Malik
Shāh, 310
Sa'di, Persian poet, 306
Şafavids, Persian dynasty, 301
Saffāḥ, Abbasid Caliph, death of, 122
Şaffârid dynasty, 300
Safsāf (the Willow), fort captured by
Saracens, 125
Sabak IV, Katholikos of Armenia, taken
prisoner by Saracens, 156
Sa'id, Umayyad prince, 120
sans, 549
146


## p. 977 (#1019) ###########################################

Index
977
castle of, 437; Roger Deslaur master of,
451; 456 sq. ; captured by Turks, 458 sq.
Salonica (Thessalonica), 3, 6, 43 sq. , 66,
104, 110, 115, 141; captured by Saracen
fileet, 142, 151; attacked by Avars, 186;
birthplace of SS. Cyril and Methodius,
215 sqq. ; Salonica legend of St Cyril, 221;
237; 240 sqq. ; Bulgarians defeated at,
244; taken by Normans, 383, 603; 408;
Latin kingdom of, 422 sq. , 432. 8q. , see
Boniface, Demetrius; Greek Empire of,
under despots of Epirus, 427 899. , 439,
490 sq. , 522 sqq. , see Demetrius, John,
Manuel, Theodore; conquered by Emperor
John III, 430, 493; 497; 503; 505; 509;
511; 519; 521 ; 532 sq. ; 541 sqq. , 607 ;
609; 662; 665 sq. ; 669; conquered by
Murad I, 672; ceded to Manuel II, 685;
captured by Mūsà, 686; purchased by
Venice, 459; conquered by Murād II, 461,
690; 722; Genoese privileges at, 431 ;
Serbian pious foundations at, 535; theme
of, 39, 733; communist sect at, 760 ;
churches at, 769 sq. ; trade of, 770; arch-
bishops of, see Basil, Eustathius, Joseph;
see also Leo, Michael
Salzburg, archbishopric of, 21; and St
Methodius, 221, 223; 226; Archbishop of,
see Theotmar
Samandar, town of the Chazars, 191
Sāmānids, princes of Khurāsān, 297, 300,
303
Samara, river, 192
Samaritan language, 220; signs in Glagolitic
script, 225
Samarqand, conquered by 'Alā-ud-Din of
Khwārazm, 278; 303; captured by Malik
Shāh, 307; 311 sq. ; destroyed by Mongols,
633: Tīmūr rules at, 650; 651; 684
Sāmarrā, 129 sq. ; Abbasid Caliph removes
to, 131, 276, 285; 133
Samkarsh, Jewish name of Phanagoria, 190
Samo, founds kingdom among West Slavs,
defeats Avars, 186
Samokov, death of John Shishman at, 560;
563
Samos, 110; attacked by Saracen pirates,
141; Byzantine fleet defeated near, 142;
ravaged by Venetians, 354, 411; assigned
to Latin Emperor, 421; taken by John III,
428, 487; Genoese at, 468, 477; taken by
Turks, 654, 657; theme of, 733, 742
Samosata, taken by Theophilus, 38; defeat
of Michael III at, 46, 123; 133 note;
captured by Basil I, 139; captured by
John I, 143, 145; theme of, 733
Samothrace, island of, 421; 465, 477
Samsûn, held by Sábbas, 480
Samuel, Tsar of Bulgaria, 148; 239 sq. ; de-
feat and death of, 241; 242 sqq.
Sanang Setzen, Mongol chronicler, on de-
rivation of “Mongol,” 630
Sandalj Hranić, Bosnian noble, 567; and
Serbia, 573 sq. ,
591
Sangarius, river, 124, 133 note, 331, 360,
62
30, 41, 46, 51, 53, 57, 71 sq. , 79; repaired,
95 sq. ; 99 sq. , 107; decorated by Con-
stantine IX, 114; 117 sq. ; St Cyril made
librarian of, 218; 220, 248, 257, 270 sqq. ,
320, 322 sq. , 346, 380, 383, 418 sq. ; de-
secrated by Latins, 420; Venetian, 421,
606; Dandolo baried in, 424; 431, 478;
Michael VIII crowned in, 513; Union
proclaimed at, 625, 695; last Christian
service in, 701; Emperors anointed in,
728; 748 sqq. ; building of, 751, 753 sq. ,
768; 770; dome of, 52; Councils in,
see Councils; clergy of, 243, 343, 349,
623; church of, at Nicaea, 479; at Nico-
media, 483; at Salonica, 768; monastery
of, at Trebizond, 515
St Tryphon, church of, at Nicaea, 513;
schools at, 506
St Vannes, abbot of, see Richard
San Gregorio, at Venice, 400
San Marino, republic of, 564
San Michele del Quarto, Venetian market
at, 405
San Niccolò di Lido, island of, Crusaders at,
416
San Stefano, sacked by Turks, 695
San Superan, Pedro de (Bordo), Navarrese
leader in Achaia, 456, 459; 474
San Teodoro, column of, at Venice, 413
San Vitale, church of, at Ravenna, 758,
768
San Zaccaria, convent of, at Venice, 397,
399, 404, 406
Sant' Angelo, castle of, at Rome, 597
Sant' Angelo (in Pescheria), cardinal of,
sent to Constantinople, 619
Sant'Apollinare, Nuovo, church of, at
Ravenna, 768
Sant'Ilario, on the Brenta, monastery of,
founded, 397
Santa Maria Zobenigo, at Venice, 400, 402
Santa Mavra (Leucas), island, Venice ob-
tains, 467, 472, 476; held by Michael
Angelus, 436
Santa Susanna, see Benedict
Santo Spirito, hospital at Rome, 581
Sakkudion, the, monks of, oppose Constan-
tine VI's divorce, 23; 24; abbot of, see
Plato
Saksin, late name of Itil, q. v.
Saladin (Şalāḥ-ad-Din), 173; conquers Jeru-
salem, 278; 299; founds Ayyübid dynasty,
302; biographers of, 306; 317; alliance
of Isaac II with, 384, 603; and Assassins,
638; 643
Sale, Mongolian river, death of Jenghiz
Khan by, 634
Salic Law, abrogated in Latin States of
Greece, 437
Salīḥ, Abbasid prince, emir of Syria, 122
Sallustius Crispus (Sallast), quoted by
Duke of the Archipelago, 467, 474
Salmenikón, last Greek fortress taken by
Turks, 464
Sálona (Amphissa), barony of, founded, 433;
C. MED, H. VOL. IV.


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