; Roumanians
in, 356 ; 477; 544 ; need of imports in,
548; art of, 598
Greek civilisation, forms the strength of
the later Empire, 18 sq.
in, 356 ; 477; 544 ; need of imports in,
548; art of, 598
Greek civilisation, forms the strength of
the later Empire, 18 sq.
Cambridge Medieval History - v1 - Christian Roman Empire and Teutonic Kingdoms
See Isaurians,
Bulgarians, Persia, Armenia
Empire, (iii) the Western, and the Teutons,
191 sqq. , 222 sqq. , 264–76; and Alario,
268; and Gaiseric, 307 sq. , 310; and the
barbarians, Ch. XIV passim; and the
Papacy, 396 sq. ; and Ataulf, 400; and
Wallia, 404; Teutonisation of, 405 ; hos-
tility to the Eastern Empire, ib. , 408 ;
accepts Theodosian Code, 412; crisis at
death of Honorius (423), 406 sq. ; and
the Huns, 414 sqq. ; allies with the Visi.
goths, 416; last years of, 419 sqq. ;
transformed into barbaric kingdoms, 420;
and Avitus, 421 sq. ; phantom emperors
in, 423-9; cessation of emperors in, 431,
435. See also Britain, Gaul, Italy, Spain
Ems, River, home of Teutones near, 191;
early Saxon settlements on, 294; Chamavi
settled near, 295
Endusi, Teutonic tribe, settle in Gaul, 194
England, 367 sq. , 376, 384 sq. , 387;
missionaries from Iona in, 533; Benedic-
tine Rule prevails in, 534 sq. ; Augustine
introduces Benedictine Rule into, 541;
nuns in, 542; slight effects of Roman
occupation, 546; Roman relics found in,
614
English, the, invade Britain, 380 sq.
English Channel, the, 58; Saxons in, 299;
ancient river-bed in, 367; 378
Enneads, the, of Plotinus, 572, 579
Ennodius, Bishop of Pavia, cited, 428, 434,
437, 440 sqq. , 570
Ephesus, 19, 64, 141; early Christians of,
146; Council of, 174 sqq. , 177, 465, 500,
517; Latrocinium of, 175, 505–9, 513,
530; canons of the Council of, 181, 504;
sacked by barbarians, 204; Chrysostom
and the church at, 491; inhabitants exult
over decision of Council, 500
Ephesus, Bishops of. See Antoninus,
Memnon, Onesimus, Stephen
Ephorus, cited, 349
Ephthalites, the, empire of, 328; harass
the Persians, 466, 469; victory of, 478 ;
aid Persians, 481 sq.
Epinicus, praefect, attempts life of Illus,
475; is sent to Isauria, ib. ; reveals plot
to Illus, 476; recalled, ib.
Epiphanius, Bishop of Pavia (Ticinum),
arranges peace between Nepos and Euric,
283; mediates between Anthemius and
Ricimer, 428; and Odovacar, 436; and
Theodoric, 439; negotiates for the ransom
of the Ligurians, 445; begs remission of
taxes for Ligurians, 446
Epiphanius, Bishop of Constantia, at Con.
stantinople, 492, cited, 159, 527
Epiphanius, lawyer, makes an abridgment
of ecclesiastical histories, 449
Epirus, the barbarians in, 205, 237 ; under
Theodosius, 253; 261; devastated by
Goths, 262; Alaric and, ib. , 264 sqq. ,
458 sqq. ; Theodoric in, 476 ; plundered
by Slavs, 483; fishing trade of, 548
Epistle to Diognetus, 127
Erelieva, mother of Theodoric the Ostro.
goth, 437
Eriwulf, chief of the Visigoths, 214; killed
by Fravitta, 255
Ermanarich, King of the Greutungi, con-
quests of, 214; death, 215, 253
Ernac, youngest son of Attila, inherits part
of the kingdom, 365
Erythrius, praefect, reduces taxation, 474
Erzgebirge, 188; Germanic peoples cross
the, 192, 197
Eski-Zaghra. See Beroë
Esneh. See Latopolis
Essex, Saxon settlement of, 382; kingdom
of, 389 sq.
Esthonians, pay tribute to Theodoric, 452
Etheria (St Sylvia), description of the sacred
sites by, 609 sq.
Ethiopia, monasteries founded in, 524
Etna, volcano, 576
Ettlingen, possible route of Valentinian by,
224
Eucharius, St, pilgrim, cited, 610
Eucherius, great-uncle of Arcadius, 456
Eucherius, son of Stilicho, 269; murdered,
270
Euchitae. See Messalian monks
Eudocia (Athenais), daughter of Leontius,
marries Theodosius II, 463 sq. ; baptised,
464 ; poem of, ib. ; patronage exercised
by, 465 ; goes to Jerusalem, 466 ; retires
from Court, ib. , 506; 467; theological
views, 495; favours the Monophysites,
507; favours insurgent monks at Jerusa-
lem, 512; 517; Old Testament para.
phrase of, 570
Eudoxia, daughter of Bauto, marries
Arcadius, 260, 456 ; proclaimed Augusta,
459; influence of, 459 sqq. ; and Chry-
sostom, 461, 491 sqq. ; death, 461
Eudoxia, daughter of Theodosius II, forced
to marry Maximus, 308; alleged invita-
tion to Gaiseric, 308, 421; taken to
Carthage by Gaiseric, 421, 468; 309;
released, 310, 424, 468 ; influence of,
398; marries Valentinian III, 412, 465 sq. ;
418; and Pope Leo, 506
Eudoxia (Eudocia), daughter of Valentinian
III, carried captive to Carthage, 308 sq. ,
421, 468; marries Vandal prince Huneric,
310, 424, 468; 312 sq. ; influence of, 398;
418; escapes, 468; last days, ib.
Eudoxius, Bishop of Antioch, convenes a
## p. 719 (#749) ############################################
Index
719
Syrian synod, 132, 133; Bishop of
Constantinople, influences Valens, 137 ;
dies, 138
Eugenetes, quaestor under Theodoric, 442;
other offices, 443
Eugenius, Bishop of Laodicea Combusta,
inscription on tomb of, 609; church of,
611
Eugenius, duke, and the Persian invasion,
481
Eugenius, eunuch, helps Procopius, 220
Eugenius, monk, alleged originator of
monasticism in Syria, 526
Eugenius, rhetorician, elected emperor, 62,
246, 258; shews hostility to Christians,
115; is defeated and slain, 247, 259
Eulalius, anti-pope, 155
Eulogius, philosopher, receives a pension,
472
Eunapius, anti-Christian views of, 113
Euphemia, daughter of Marcian, marries
Anthemius, 468
Euphemius, Bishop of Constantinople, de-
prived, 480, 518; advocates peace with
Rome, 518
Euphratensis, province, 498
Euphrates, River, 16, 20, 72, 81; fleet of
Julian on, 82 sq. ; 88, 413 sq. ; Arabs
drowned in, 464; Persian War near, 482
Euphrates, Bishop of Cologne, at Antioch,
130
Euphratesia, invaded, 481
Euric, King of the Visigoths, assassinates
his brother Theodoric II, 282, 427;
character and policy of, ib. ; wins all
southern Gaul, 283, 427, 430, 433; Code
of Law of, ib. ; prestige of, 285 ; death,
ib. ; 286, 289; disloyalty of Catholic
clergy under, 284, 291; 393; makes peace
with Nepos, 429; 431 ; Narbonne ceded
to, 436
Europe, 16 sq. , 121, 124, 183; the Kelts in,
186; La Tène civilisation spreads through,
187; spread of Germanic race in, 191 sqq. ,
196, 202; the Huns invade, 215, 231;
the Franks reach, 293 ; nomad invasions
of, 325, 327 sq. , 347, 349; domestication
of the sheep and pig in, 329 ; 330, 351,
353, 357, 359, 367 ; Maximus conquers
western part of, 379; 459, 464; begin-
nings of monastic life in, 531 sqq. ; 563
Eurymedon, River, 458
Eusebia, wife of Constantius II, shews
friendship to Julian, 64 sq. , 101
Eusebius, Bishop of Caesarea in Palestine,
2 ; cited, 11, 13 sq. , 153, 164, 543, 580,
609 sqq. ; countenances Arius, 119; at
Council of Nicaea, 120 sqq. , 126; 175;
baptismal creed propounded by, 177; 571;
work in comparative chronography of,
582 sq. ; Canones and Chronographia of,
583
Eusebius, Bishop of Constantinople, while
Bishop of Nicomedia educates Julian, 63;
countenances Arius, 119; at Council of
Nicaea, 120; exiled, 123; returns, 126;
consecrates Ulfila, 212
Eusebius, Bishop of Dorylaeum, accuses
Eutyches of heresy, 504 ; deposed, 505;
brings accusations against Dioscorus, 508
Eusebius, Bishop of Vercelli, innovation in
monastic customs made by, 532
Eusebius, chamberlain of Constantius, 63,
76 sq. ; put to death, 79
Eusebius of Myndus, philosopher, 64, 100
Eustathius of Sebaste, and monasticism in
Armenia, 527
Eustochium, Roman lady, and the conven-
tual life, 531 ; friend of Jerome, 596
Eutharic, marries Amalasuntha, 451 ; per-
secutes the Jews, 452 sq. ; 454
Eutherius, chamberlain of Julian, 67; sent
as envoy to Constantius, 73
Eutropius, historian, 21; conspires against
Valens, 226
Eutropius, eunuch of the palace, made High
Chamberlain, 260, 456; fall and execution
of, 262, 458 sq. , 592; promotion of, 457;
negotiates with Gildo, 458; and Chrysos-
tom, 491
Eutyches, archimandrite, accused of heresy
and degraded, 504; doctrine connected
with, 504, 509 sq. ; reinstated by Robber
Council, 505; 508 sq. ; condemned in the
Henoticon, 517
Eutychians, 515
Eutychius, cited, 160
Euxine, the. See Black Sea
Evangelus, a character in the Saturnalia,
571, 572 note
Exe, River, 367
Exeter (Isca Dumnoniorum), Romano.
British town, 368, 373; Roman road
through, 376
Exuperius, Bishop of Toulouse, saves the
city from the barbarians, 266
Eynsham, taken by West Saxons, 390
3
Fabius, Bishop of Antioch, 150
Faesulae, Radagaisus defeated at, 265
Farnobius, chief of the Greutungi, 216 ;
captured, 233
Fausta, daughter of Maximian, and wife of
Constantine, 2 ; executed, 15; 22; 607
Faustina, widow of Constantius II, sup-
ports Procopius, 220
Faustus of Riez, monk, and Pelagius, 586
Faustus Niger, senator, supports Theodoric,
439; ambassador to Constantinople, 440,
443; praetorian praefect, 442; other
offices, 443
Faventia, Odovacar at, 439
Favianum, St Severinus at, 434
Fayum (Der-el-Memun), 522
Fectio. See Vechten
Feletheus, Rugian king, and St Severinus,
425
Felix, anti-pope, 147, 149; election of,
153, 155
Felix, Bishop of Aptunga, 12
## p. 720 (#750) ############################################
720
Index
89. , 592
Felix, consul, and the circus, 448
recruited from, 246, 258 sq. ; at the
Felix, made magister militum and patricius, battle of the Frigidus, 247; 253; de-
408; attacks Boniface, 409; murdered, feated by Vandals, 266 ; 267; in army
410
of Jovinus, 275, 401; valour of, under
Feltre, Theodoric orders new wall at, 448 Aegidius, 282; invade Gothic territory,
Ferghana, customs of the Kirghiz of, 340 ; 284 ; rising power of, 285; defeat the
Tadjiks and Sarts of, 348 sq. , 352
Visigoths, 286 ; 289; Ch. x (B) passim;
Fergunna (Fergunjo, Fergunia), 0. H. G. for legends of the origin of, 293 sqq. ; earliest
Hercynian Forest, 185 note
instances of use of name, 295; location
Ferrandus of Carthage, Breviatio Canonum of the Salian and Ripuarian Franks, 296;
of, 181
customs of, 300 sqq. , 316; dress and ap-
Festus, senator, supports Theodoric, 439; pearance of, 301 ; under Attila, 361;
mission to Constantinople fails, 440, 364; and Jutes, 384 ; invasion of Gaul
443; courtesy of Theodoric to, 444; 448 by, 400, 403 ; driven back by Aëtius,
Finn, traditional hero, 384
410; settled in north Gaul, 413; civil
Finne, Mt, 186 note
war among, 415 ; and Theodoric the
Firmus, Moorish prince, rebellion and death Great, 451, 484 ; at war with Burgun-
of, 228
dians, 452
Flaccitheus, Rugian king, and St Severinus, Fravitta, chief of the Visigoths, 214; kills
425
Eriwulf, 255; sent against Gaïnas, 263,
Fläming district, 187
460; fall of, 460
Flanders, Keltic names in, 186; clothing Freawine, traditional ancestor of royal
trade of, 549
family of Wessex, 384
Flavian, Bishop of Antioch, 161 ; inter- Fredbal, King of the Silingian Vandals,
cedes for the city with Theodosius, 241 carried captive to Italy, 304
Fredegar, account of the Franks, cited, 293,
Flavian, Bishop of Constantinople, charac- 297
ter, 504 ; tries Eutyches for heresy, ib. ; Friedrich, son of Theodoric I, leads ex-
deposed and ill-treated at Robber Council, pedition into Spain, 281 ; defeated by
505; dies, ib. ; his restoration demanded, Aegidius, 282, 298
506 ; 508, 530
Friesland, receives missionaries from Eng.
Flavian the younger, mentioned in the land, 541
Saturnalia, 571
Frig, deity of Teutonic mythology, 386
Flavianus, Bishop of Antioch, expelled, 485 Friga, King of Troy, and the Franks, 293
Flavianus, Bishop of Philippi, and the case Frigeridus, victorious over barbarians, 216,
of Nestorius, 499
233
Flavianus, leader of the pagans in Rome, Frigidus, River (Wipbach or Hubel), victory
246; augurs victory for Eugenius, 247; of Theodosius on, 115, 247, 259, 393 sq.
commits suicide, ib.
Frisians, the, on North Sea coast, 186, 198,
Flintshire, Roman rule in, 372
202 note; prisoners settled in Gaul, 208;
Florence, attacked by Radagaisus, 265
possibly inhabitants of Britain, 385
Florentius, praefect, 69 sq. , 73
Fritigern, chief of the Visigoths, seeks help
Florus, praefect and count of Egypt, puts from Rome, 214 ; is converted to Arian
down the Blemmyes, 468
Christianity, ib. ; 215; 231; makes treaty
Forth, Firth of, and Wall of Pius, 369
with Rome, 232, 250; defeats Romans at
Forum at Rome, the, 598
Hadrianople, 216, 234 sq. , 250 sq. ; re-
Fosse Way, course of, 376
news war, 236 ; death, 237; at siege of
Four Emperors, the, 3
Hadrianople, 251; 253 ; settles with fol.
Frampton, mosaic floor at, 613
lowers in Lower Moesia, 254
France, Iron Age in, 184; Kelts in, 186; Frontinus, cited, 562
La Tène civilisation in, 187; Pharamond Fructuosus, Bishop of Braga, and early
legendary king of, 293 ; 296; Magyars Spanish monachism, 532 sq.
reach, 356 ; 359, 367 ; Visigothic settle- Frugundiones, location of the, 198
ment in, 399; monachism in, 535 sq. Fulgentius, Bishop of Ruspe, literary work
Francion, King of tribe afterwards called of, 322
Franks, 293
Fullofaudes, Roman general, killed in
Franconia, inhabited by Franks, 300
Britain, 223
Franks (Franci), the, 3; incursions of, 6; Furius Victorinus, praetorian praefect, de-
20, 44, 58, 60; capture Cologne, 65 ; feated and slain, 199
make peace with Julian, 66; indepen.
dence of, 69 ; defeated by Julian, 74, 209; Gabala, leader of Ghassani Arabs, 481
growth in importance of, 195 ; cross the Gabinius, King of the Quadi, murdered, 229
Rhine, 201; invade Spain, 202; defeated, Gainas, leader of the Goths, 247, 259 sq. ;
207; prisoners settled in Gaul, 208; turns traitor, 262; dictates terms to
raids of, 223, 235, 243; Roman army Arcadius, 263, 459; heads revolt, 263, 460;
## p. 721 (#751) ############################################
721
Gaudentius, son of Aëtias, carried captive to
Carthage, 308, 421, 424; aspires to marry
daughter of Valentinian III, 418
Gaul, Constantine in, 3, 9; one bishop of,
at Council of Nicaea, 13; administration
of, 30 sq. ; awarded to Constantine II, 56;
passes to Constans, 58; Magnentius in,
60 sq. ; ravaged by the Alemanni, 65 89. ;
Julian in, 66 sqq. , 101 sq. , 209; peace
restored in, 70 sqq. ; 86 ; seats of learning
in, 88; persistence of paganism in, 115;
Athanasius in, 128; 130 sq. ; Nicenes in,
133 sq. ; church customs in, 162; council
of bishops of, 164 ; 172; Creed of Con-
stantinople used in, 177; 182 ; Teutonic
invasion of, 188 sqq. ; Caesar in, 196;
Franks invade, 201 sq. ; government
organised, 207; repeopled, 208; coast
defence of, ib. ; success of Gratian in, 210;
Valentinian in, 218, 222 sqy. ; head of
Procopius displayed in, 221; 228; Gratian
in, 234 sqq. ; Maximus in, 238 sqq. ; heavy
taxation in, 243; Arbogast rules in, 244
sqq. , 256, 258 sqq. ; 248, 252; supplies
corn to Rome, 263; 264; irruption of
barbarian hordes into, 266 sq. , 394, 400;
Constantine the usurper in, 267 sq. , 401,
461; 271; rising of Kelts in, 267; Goths
in, 274; Visigoths settle in, 275 sq. ;
Ataulf's successes in, 277 sq. ; spread of
Visigothic dominion in, 281 sqq. , 393;
end of Visigothic rule in, 285 sq. ; legisla-
tion in, 287; 289; survival of Roman
literature in, 292; 296; Salian Franks in,
297 sqq. ; Clovis conquers, 299; death of
Avitus in, 309; Aegidius in, 310; Alans
in, 358; 361; attacked by Huns, 364,
399, 414 sqq. ; Caesar's conquest of, 368;
372 sqq. ; connection with Ireland, 377;
attacked by Saxons, 378; imports corn
from Britain, 379; 380, 394, 402; Con-
stantius drives Goths from, 403; Goths
settled in, 404 ; local government given
to, 405; 407; Aëtius commands in, 408
8qq. ; policy of Aëtius towards, 411 sq. ,
418; barbarians in various parts of, 413;
Huns leave, 417; Avitus commands troops
in, 421; flight of Avitus to, 422; success
of Majorian in, 423; Aegidius rules in,
424 sq. ; Visigothic rule established in, 427,
429; Gundobad in, 428; lost to Rome,
430 sq. ; 433, 452; monachism in, 534 sqq. ,
541; Latin language modified in, 545;
import trade of, 548; “patronage” in,
564; early Christian art in, 614
Gauls, the, in the Roman army, 4, 6, 61 sq. ,
190 ; defeated at Admagetobriga, 193;
promoted by Procopius, 220; at the battle
on the Frigidus, 247
Gautar, 185
Gauthigoth, 185
Gaza, wine of, 548
Geberic, Gothic king, 19
Geilamir, more correct form for Gelimer
(g. v. ), 314 note
Index
is killed, 263, 460; 264; causes death of
Rufinus, 262, 457 ; made magister mili-
tum, 458; sent against Tribigild, ib. ;
insists on death of Eutropius, 459; and
Chrysostom, 491
Gaiseric, King of the Vandals, in alliance
with Theodoric, 279; leads the Vandals
into Africa, 305, 409 sq. ; takes Carthage,
306, 412; builds a fleet, 306, 412; obtains
by treaty part of Africa, 307, 411 sqq. ;
forms alliance with Visigoths, 307; plun-
ders Rome, 308, 421, 468 ; allies with
Spanish Sueves, 309; destroys Majorian's
fleet, 310, 423; attacks Eastern Empire,
310; treats with the Emperor Zeno, 311,
472; death of, 311, 472; 312; 314 sq. ;
arranges the succession by will, 317 sq. ;
and the Catholics, 321, 362, 364, 393,
395 sq. ; and Eudoxia, 398, 421, 424, 468;
incites the Huns against the Eastern
Empire, 413 sq. ; incites the Huns against
the Visigoths, 415 ; 417; 419 sq. ; and
Avitus, 422; and Majorian, 423 sq. ; and
Aegidius, 425; frustrates Roman attempt
on Carthage, 310, 421; 428; 431 ; treats
with Odovacar, 436
Gaiserix, correct form of Gaiseric, 305 note
Gaiso, murders Constans, 59
Galatai, doubtful identity of, 190
Galatia, 79, 110, 139; clothing trade of,
548
Galatians, Keltic tribe, 546
Galba, Ser. Sulpicius, Emperor, 45
Galchas, the, 330
Galen (Claudius Galenus), 89
Galerius (Galerius Valerius Maximianus),
Emperor, 2; death, 3; edict of, 3, 13;
15; 22
Galicia, barbarians in, 274 sq. ; Asdingi
and Suevi awarded land in, 275, 304;
356
Galilee, 94, 101
Galilei, Galileo, 581
Galla, wife of Theodosius I and sister of
Valentinian II, 242
Galla Placidia. See Placidia, sister of
Honorius
Gallehus in Jutland, archaeological dis-
coveries at, 386
Gallia Lugdunensis, Vandals pass through,
266
Gallienus, P. Licinius Valerianus Egnatius,
Emperor, 6; 17, 72, 140; defeats Ale-
manni, 201; and the Goths, 204 sq. ; 207,
210, 212, 547
Gallipoli, 17
Gallus, nephew of Constantine, 55; marries
Constantina, 60; 61; brutality of, 62;
fall and execution of, 63, 64, 67; 98 sq.
Gangra, canons of Council of, 179 sq. ;
Dioscorus dies at, 512; views of Council
of, 527
Gascony, relic of pre-Roman times in, 546
Gaudentius, magister equitum, father of
Aëtius, 406
C. MED. H. VOL. I.
46
## p. 722 (#752) ############################################
722
Index
Ghassani Arabs, incursion of, repelled, 481
Gibraltar, Straits of, Gothic fleet founders
in, 278, 404 ; 307, 409
Gildas, cited, 380, 388 sq.
Gildo, Moorish prince, Count of Africa, re-
volt of, 262 sqq. , 458; death, 264
Gintonius, officer of Constantius II, 73
Glamorgan, 372
Glastonbury, Keltio villages excavated near,
376
Glevum. See Gloucester
Glon, Persian commander, 481; put to
death, 482
Gloucester (Glevum), colonia at, 371, 373;
Roman road through, 376; taken by
West Saxons, 390
Gloucestershire, Roman villas in, 375;
Weat Saxon victories in, 390
Glycerius, Emperor of the West, proclaimed
emperor, 428, 433; captured, 429; made
bishop of Salona, ib.
Goar, King of the Alani, enlists in Roman
army, 266; makes Jovinus emperor,
275
Gobazes, King of Lazica, negotiates with
the Romans, 469
Gobi Desert, 323
Godas, Vandal governor of Sardinia, rebels
against Gelimer, 315
Godigisel, King of the Vandals, 264; slain,
266
Gelani, the, form alliance with Persia, 71
Gelasius I, Bishop of Rome, changes the
Lupercalia into a Christian festival, 117;
182; cited, 428; supports Theodoric, 439;
election of, 449
Gelimer, King of the Vandals, accession of,
314; defies Justinian, 315; 317 sq. ; 321
Geneva, the Calvinism of, 124
Genèvre, Mt, military road crossing, 277 ;
Ataulf marches over, 401
Gennadius, Bishop of Constantinople, 515
sq.
Genobaudes, leader of the Franks, raid of,
243, 256
Genseric, incorrect form of Gaiseric (q. v. ),
305 note
George of Cappadocia, Bishop of Alexandria,
murdered, 80; library of, used by Julian,
99; driven from see, 132
Georgia, devastated by Chinghiz Khan, 350
Georgians, defeated by Mongols, 350
Gepidae, early settlements of, 185, 203, 361;
in Transylvania, 205; at
war with
Tervingi, 206 ; defeat Huns, 420; and
Mundo, 483
Germania of Tacitus, cited, 383
Germania Magna, proposed new province
of, 195
Germanianus, officer of Julian, 75
German Ocean (Oceanus Germanicus). See
North Sea
Germans, the, 19, 44 sq. , 60; defeat Bar-
batio, 68 ; 74; 101 sq. ; 188; ravage Gaul,
192, 194; reach Italy, 201; 202; plot
against Theodosius, 243; invade Gaul,
266 ; legendary origin of, 292; tribal
antagonism of, 294; 321 ; under King
Rua, 360 sq. ; at court of Attila, 365 ;
392 sq. ; defeat Huns, 420; settle in
Italy, ib. ; in Ricimer's army, 427; as
slaves, 548
Germanus, monk, friend of Cassian, 525
Germany, 45 ; Creed of Constantinople used
in, 177 ; Indo-Germanic race in, 183 ;
185 sqq. ; Marcomanniin, 189 ; 190, 193;
successes of Drusus in, 195 sq. ; 198;
Marcus Aurelius in, 199, 200, 207, 222;
early inhabitants, 292 sqq. ; 300, 359;
Britisb recruits sent to, 370; imports
corn from Britain, 379; 384 sq. ; 452 ;
nunneries in, 542
Gerontius, Roman general in Greece, 261
Gerontius, general of Constantine the
usurper, 267 ; betrays and kills Constans,
274; death, ib. , 401; makes Maximus
emperor, 274, 400
Gervasius, discovery of body of, 581
Gesalech, pretender to the Visigothic throne,
supported by Thrasamund the Vandal,
313
Gesila, the Sajo in Tuscany, and the land-
tax, 446
Gesta inter Liberium et Felicem, cited, 149,
153
Gessoriacum. See Boulogne
Golden Gate. See Constantinople
Golden Horn, the, 17, 462
Golgotha, church of Constantine on, 128
Gordian III (M. Antonius Gordianus),
Emperor, 203
Gordianus, priest at Rome, 159
Gortyna, plan of temple at, 608
Gothland, Teutons settled in, 183 ; 185
Goths, the, 7 sq. , 13; 17; defeated by Con.
stantine II, 19, 20; temple of Eleusis
destroyed by, 113; take Rome, 170;
Arian Visigoths converted, 177; early
settlements of, 185, 190, 198; subdued
by Marcomanni, 196; migrations of, 202;
depredationsof, 203; successes of, 204 sq. ;
206 sq. , 210; tributary to Rome, 211; in.
troduction of Christianity among, 212;
war under Athanarich, 213 sq. ; seek help
from Rome, 215; campaign of Valens
against, 221; enter Roman territory,
232, 250, 393; at war with Rome (377),
233 sqq. , 250; defeat Valens at Hadria.
nople, 140, 216, 235, 251; defeated by
Gratian and Theodosius, 235 sqq. ; make
treaty with Rome, 237, 254; colonise
Thrace, 237 sqq. ; enlist under Theodosius,
242, 248; at the battle on the Frigidus,
247, 259; devastate eastern provinces,
252; 256; invade Thrace, 257; defeated
on the Maritza, 258; campaign in Thes.
saly, 260 sqq. , 457 sq. ; massacred in
Constantinople, 263, 460; invade Italy,
264 sqq. , 399, 469 ; occupy Rome, 272;
sack Rome, 273; in Gaul, 274 sqq. ; add
## p. 723 (#753) ############################################
Index
723
to their territory, 284; relations with
Romans, 285; defeated by the Franks,
286; territory and rule in Gaul, described,
287 ; customs of, 288 sqq. ; dress and
language of, 291 sq. ; Roman literature
among, 292; form body-guard of Amala.
frida, 313; Gothic guard slain, 314;
settled among Vandals in Africa, 316;
364, 395, 401 sq. ; driven from Gaul by
Constantius, 403; allowed to settle in
South Gaul, 404, 413; significance of
Constantius' treatment of, 405 ; 407; de-
feated by Aëtius, 410, 418; make peace,
411; 414 ; and the Huns, 416 sq. ; and
Theodoric the Great, 437 sqq. ; in the
Senate, 443; taxed, 446; land awarded
to, 447; 448; 452; Arianism of, 453;
oppose Amalasuntha, 454 ; 459 sq. ; at-
tack Huns, 470; and Leo I, 471; and
Zeno, 472 sq. ; end of Thracian Goths as
separate tribe, 477; 478; finally leave the
East, 479; 483, 518, 538. See also
Ostrogoths, Visigoths
Gran, River, 197
Gratia Justa Honoria. See Honoria
Gratian, Emperor, refuses office of Pontifex
Maximus, 114, 231; becomes emperor,
140, 228, 230; in Gaul, 210; sends help
to Valens, 216, 233 sq. , 250; consul,
222; co-emperor, 223; 229; rules for
Valentinian II, 231; successful campaign,
234, 252; makes Theodosius co-emperor,
235, 253 ; early popularity, 237; loss of
popularity and death, 115; 238, 255;
burial in Italy refused, 240; 251, 254,
260; coloni under, 559; 565 ; 570
Gratian, father of Valentinian 1, career of,
218
Gratian, proclaimed emperor in Britain,
267 note, 380
Grazers, Syrian monks who fed on grass, 527
Greece (Hellas), under Licinius, 3; 16;
Julianin, 64; decay of religions of, 87 sqq. ;
100 sq. , 103, 107 sqq. , 113; 118; Iron Age
in, 184; Heruli in, 205; 206 ; campaign
of Alario in, 261 sqq. , 404, 457 sq. ; at-
tacked by Vandals, 310 sq.
; Roumanians
in, 356 ; 477; 544 ; need of imports in,
548; art of, 598
Greek civilisation, forms the strength of
the later Empire, 18 sq.
Greeks, early Teutons known to the, 183;
in Thessalonica, 257; attacked by Goths,
261 ; 353, 357
Gregory I, St, the Great, Bishop of Rome,
1, 176; and the English slaves, 390 ;
sends Augustine to Britain, 391 ; and
the Benedictines, 541
Gregory of 'Cappadocia, Bishop of Alex-
andria, installed on expulsion of Atha-
nasius, 128
Gregory “the Illuminator," Bishop of
Armenia, 13
Gregory of Nazianzus, Bishop of Constanti.
nople, at Athens with Julian, 101, 116 ;
undertakes mission to Arians of Con.
stantinople, 140; made bishop of Con.
stantinople, 141; cited, 166, 610; his
letters to Basil, 528; describes life of
Basilian monks, 529; education, 570;
Platonism of, 578; teaching of, 587
Gregory, Bishop of Nyssa, expelled, 139;
education, 570; Platonism of, 578;
teaching of, 585, 587, 589 sq. ; Oratio
catechetica of, 589
Gregory, Bishop of Tours, History of, 115 ;
cited, 293, 295, 297 sq. , 418, 425, 535
Greotingi, 185
Greutingi (Greutungi), 185, 203 and note;
under Ermanarich, 214; defeated by
Romans, 216 ; cross the Danube, 232;
defeated by Promotus, 242 sq.
Grimoald, Duke of Beneventum, grants land
to Bulgars, 358
Grisons, the, 452
Grudii, Teutonic tribe, 188
Grumbates, King of the Chionitae, 72
Gubbio, Bishop of. See Decentius
Gubbio, Jerome on bishop of, 167
Gudila, Gothic representative of Theodoric
at Roman Synod, 450
Gumoarius, supports Procopius, 220; de-
serts to Valens, 221
Gunderic, King of the Vandals, death of,
305 ; 317
Gundobad, nephew of Ricimer, 396; slays
Anthemius, 428 ; succeeds Ricimer, ib. ,
433; makes Glycerius emperor, ib.
Gundomad, a prince of the Alemanni, 65;
murdered, 68; 209
Gunterich, Gothic leader, 203
Gunthamund, King of the Vandals, better
treatment of the orthodox Church by,
312, 321; drives back the Moors, 313 ;
death, ib. ; 318
Guntiarius, King of the Burgundians, 275
Gutones, 202 note
Gwynedd, 388
Hadrian I, Bishop of Rome, sends copy of
Canon Law to Charles the Great, 182
Hadrian (P. Aelius Hadrianus), Emperor, 11,
26, 33, 36, 48; Aelia Capitolina founded
by, 174 ; builds wall from Tyne to Solway,
368 ; and the Civil Service of the Empire,
554; and squatters, 560
Hadrianople, Maximin defeated at, 6;
Licinius flees to, 7; battle of, 7, 17;
diocese not represented at Council of
Constantinople, 141; 233 sq. ; battle of
(378), 62, 140, 216, 234 sq. , 237, 248,
250 sq. , 253 ; siege of, 235, 251; Pom.
peius defeated at, 483
Haemus. See Balkan Mts
Hallstatt period of civilisation, 184
Halmyris, occupied by Goths, 255
Hamaland, Chamavi settled in, 295
Hamilcar, 409
Hammurabi, King of Babylon, irrigation
works of, 326
46-2
## p. 724 (#754) ############################################
724
Index
196 sq.
pagan, 110
Hampshire, Roman villas in, 375; Jutes captured by Goths, 472; put to death,
settled on coast of, 382, 389
473
Hannibal, 409
Heraclius, favourite of Valentinian III,
Hanniballianus, nephew of Constantine, plots the death of Aëtius, 418; murdered,
given a kingdom, 22, 55 ; murder of, 55; 419
56
Hercules, worship of, 114; Basilica of,
Harmonius, slain by Arbogast, 245
448
Harpole, Roman pavement at, 613
Hercynian Forest (Hercynia Sylva), 185 note,
Harram, Areobindus at, 482
Harudi, Teutonic tribe, invade the country Herefordshire (Magasaete), 390
of the Sequani, 189, 194
Hermanfred, King of the Thuringians,
Harz Mts, 187 sq.
marries sister of Theodoric, 451
Hasta, Alaric at, 265
Hermanric, son of Aspar, escapes from
Havel, River, 198
Constantinople, 471 ; in command of
Hebdomon, the, a suburb of Constantinople, Rugian force, 478; marriage to grand-
219
daughter of Zeno, ib.
Hebrus. See Maritza River
Hermas, Visions of, 163; Shepherd of,
Hecate, worship of, 93, 100; worship re- 164
vived by Julian, 107 ; 114
Hermeric, King of the Sueves, in Spain,
Hecebolius, tutor of Julian, 99; becomes a 305
Hermes, worshipped by Julian, 102; 103;
Hegesippus, historian, 164
601
Helena (Hélesmes-Nord), Clodion defeated Herminones, primitive German tribe, 292,
at, 297
294
Helena, Flavia Julia, mother of Constantine Hermotinus, of Lucian, 105
the Great, 2, 8, 15; discovery of the True Hermunduri, location of the, 196 sqq. ;
Cross by, 175; sarcophagus of, 602
invade Roman territory, 199; 200
Helena, sister of Constantius II, marries Herodias, Chrysostom reported to have
Julian, 65, 101
compared Eudoxia to, 461, 493
Helena, daughter of Licinius, 15
Herodotus, cited, 341
Helene (Elne), fortress of, 59
Heruli (Aeruli), among auxiliary troops of
Hélesmes-Nord. See Helena
Rome, 72, 420; in Black Sea region,
Heliodorus, Bishop of Tricca in Thessaly, 203 sqq. , 361 ; driven out of Gaul, 207;
Aethiopica attributed to, 569
at war with Goths, 214; troops sent to
Heliopolis, pagan worship in, 97
Britain, 223; ask help of Euric, 284;
Helios, revered by Julian, 106
315; settle in Hungary, 420; lead revolt,
Hellas, gods of, 80, 107, 113
ib. ; in Italy, 430; defeated by Lombards,
Hellas. See Greece
483
Hellebicus, envoy of Theodosius to Antioch, Herzegovina, Roumanians in, 356
241
Hesiod, works of, studied by Basilina and
Hellespont (province), products of, 548
Julian, 63, 98, 100, 108; 103
Hellespont, the. See Dardanelles
Hessians, derived from the Chatti, 300
Helpidius, Rusticus, Theodoric's physician, Hesychius, Bishop of Salona, 151
his poem, the Blessings of Christ, 449 Hiberia, Persia interferes in, 225; Valens
Helveti, Keltic tribes driven out by Suebi, interposes in, 226
189, 194; 190 ; join the Teutons, 192; Hierapolis, Constantius at, 76; Valens at,
protected by the Romans, 195
226, 231
Hengest, reputed leader of Jutish invasion, Hierapolis, Bishop of. See Abercius
380, 382 sqq.
Hierotheus, supposed disciple of St Paul,
Henoticon, the, controversy concerning, works of, 578
478, 489, 514, 517 sq. ; its form and High Cross (Venonae), Roman road through,
object, 516 sq.
376
Heraclas, Bishop of Alexandria, 160 sq. Hilarianus, magister officiorum, sent as
Heraclea in Thrace, Basiliscus lives at, 473; envoy to Theodemir, 471
burnt by Theodoric, 475; precedence of Hilarion, introduces monasticism into
see of, 493
Palestine, 526
Heraclea on the gulf of Tarentum, dis- Hilarius, Bishop of Rome, 155, 158
coveries on site of, 561
Hilary, Bishop of Poitiers, exiled, 131;
Heraclian, general of Honorius, commands de Synodis of, 133; 134 sq. ; ordains
in Africa, 272 sqq. ; revolt of, 401 sq. ; St Martin of Tours, 152; writings of,
death, 402; 403, 408
172, 578, 585, 590
Heraclius, Roman general, leads campaign Hilary, Roman deacon, protests at the
against the Vandals in Africa, 311, 426; Robber Council, 505
sent to help Gobazes, 469
Hilderic, King of the Vandals, 312; ac-
Heraclius, magister militum of Thrace, cession, 313; deposition, 314 ; character
## p. 725 (#755) ############################################
Index
725
534 sq.
of reign, 313 sqq. ; 318; and the Catholic
Church, 321
Hileia (Ellia), 57
Himerius, Bishop of Tarragona, 151, 153,
182
Hindustan, compared in climate with
Trans-Caspia, 324
Hippo Regius (Bona), Council of, 151, 182;
besieged by Vandals, 306, 410; under
Vandal rule, 307; monastic form intro-
duced by Augustine at, 532; 553; Orosius
at, 576
Hippo, Bishops of. See Augustine, Valerius
Hippocrates, cited, 325, 354
Historia adversus paganos of Paulus Oro-
sius, 115
Historia Brittonum, of Nennius, cited,
382 sq. , 391
Historia Monachorum, description of Cellia
in, 522
Historia Religiosa, of Theodoret, 526
Holland, Kelts in, 186 sq.
Homer, works of, studied by Basilina and
Julian, 63, 98, 100, 108; 103, 573
Honoratus, holds military command ander
Theodoric, 442
Honoratus, and the monastery of Lerins,
Honoria (Gratia Justa Honoria), sister of
Valentinian III, influence of, 398;
alleged proposal of marriage to Attila,
364, 415, 417, 421, 424; birth, 404; 406;
banished, 415
Honorians, troops of barbarians in the
Roman service, 267
Honorius, Flavius, Emperor of the West,
opposed by Attalus, 115; early visit to
Rome, 244; made Augustus, 246 ; sum-
moned to his father's death-bed, 247;
receives the Western Empire, 260, 456 ;
marries, 264 ; triumph of, 265 ; 267; at
Bologna, 268; Stilicho and, 269; punishes
Stilicho's family, 270; refuses Alaric's
terms, 271 recognises Constantine as
emperor, ib. ; besieged by Goths, 273;
makes war on Constantine, 274, 401;
puts Constantine to death, 275, 401;
276 ; temporises with Ataulf, 277, 400;
makes a treaty with the barbarians in
Spain, 304 sq. ; repairs British forts,
379; 394; and Placidia, 398; death,
399, 406 sq. , 465; question of succession
to, 402 sq. ; policy of, towards barbarians,
405 ; weakness of character, 406; recruits
army from the Huns, 407, 408, 412, 419,
432, 442 sq. , 459, 461; and the Chrysos-
tom controversy, 494 ; trade guilds under,
551; 564, 594
Horburg near Colmar (Argentaria), Ale-
manni defeated at, 210, 234
Horkstow, Roman pavement at, 613
Hormisdas, Bishop of Rome, fails to come
to terms with Anastasius, 518; makes
peace with Justin, ib.
Horrea Margi, battle of, 483
Horsa, reputed leader of Jutish invasion,
380, 382
Hortarius, King of the Alemanni, 70
Horus, character in the Saturnalia, 572
Hosius (Osius), Bishop of Cordova, at
Council of Nicaea, 14, 120; at Council
of Sardica, 129 sq. , 149, 179 sq. ; 131;
180
Hosius, cook, promoted by Eutropius,
457
Hubel. See Frigidus
Hucumbra, 84
Hugr, leader of Taghlibi, 481
Humber, River, 367 sq. , 390
Huneric, son of Gaiseric, proposals for
marriage of, 307 sq. ; repudiates first
wife, 307, 415; marries Eudoxia, 310,
424, 468; reign of, 312; persecutes the
Catholics, ib. , 321; 313; Moors under,
316; 318
Hungary, early inhabitants of, 188, 197 ;
Huns march from, 280, 364; customs of
Vandals in, 318, 321; Asdingian Vandals
in, 320; Cumans flee to, 328; nomad
hordes in, 352, 356 sqq. ; Priscus in,
415; Sciri and Heruli in, 420; 452
Hungeld, paid by Eastern Empire, 414
Huns, the, invasion of Europe by, 140,
215 sq. , 231 sqq. , 250, 254, 349, 357;
raids of, 239 sq. , 253 sq. , 257, 306, 456 ;
enlist under Theodosius, 242; invade
Syria, 261, 456; enlist under Honorius,
272; increase in power under Attila,
279; invade Gaul, 280 sq. , 399; 315 ;
food of, 340; method of warfare, 347,
350; Ch. x (B) passim; early history
of, 360; serve in Roman army, 361
capture Danube forts, 362 sq. ; domestic
life, 365 sq. ; 392 sq. ; and Aëtius, 394 ;
395; results of invasion of Europe by,
398 ; in Italy, 399; 406 ; under Aëtius
support John, 407 sq. ; maintain Aëtius
in power, 411; bribed by Gaiseric, 413;
levy blackmail on Eastern Empire, 414;
turn against Gaul, ib. ; in the West,
415 sq. ; defeated on Mauriac plain, 280,
416; ravage North Italy, 417; fall back
from Rome, ib. ; 419 ; defeated by Ger.
mans, 420; Romulus ambassador to, 429;
Eutropius and, 457; ravage Thrace, 458,
464, 467; driven beyond the Danube, 462;
465; invade Illyricum, 466 sq. ; end of
empire of, 468; attack Goths, 470; attack
Persia, 482 sq. ; as slaves, 548
Hwicce, kingdom of, 389 sq.
Hy. See Iona
Hydatius, cited, 403, 409
Hypatia, 116; murder of, 463, 494, 513
Hypatius, nephew of Anastasius, commands
in Persian War, 482; fails to quell re-
bellion of Vitalianus, 485 sq. ; captured,
486; released, ib. ; sent on embassy to
Persia, ib.
Hypatius, general, fails to suppress revolt
of Vitalianus, 485
## p. 726 (#756) ############################################
726
Index
Iamblichus, philosopher, 89, 94, 105
Iazyges, driven back across the Danube,
199; 207
Ibas, Bishop of Edessa, and the Nestorian
controversy, 498; deprived by Robber
Council, 505; at Council of Chalcedon,
507; reinstated, 510, 512; 513; and the
school of Edessa, 514, 518; death, 514,
619; 515
Ibbas, general of Theodoric, victorious near
Arles, 452
Iberians, and the Roman Empire, 544;
Latin language modified by, 545
Ibn Rusta, cited, 348
Iceland, mythology of, 386
Iceni, British tribe, 373
Ida, Mt, 16
Ida, King of Bernicia, 391
Ignatius, St, letters of, cited, 145 sqq. , 156,
158; 164
Ildico (Kriemhild), bride of Attila, 365
Ili, River, 323
Ilium, sacked by barbarians, 204
Illus, revolt of, against the Emperor Zeno,
113, 436, 478; subdued, 438, 479; joins
Basiliscus against Zeno, 473; joins Zeno,
ib. ; put in command of troops, 474 ;
attempts made to assassinate, 475; made
magister officiorum, 476; and Verina, ib. ;
made magister militum per Orientem,
477 ; beheaded, 479; death of daughter
of, ib.
Illyria, church of, 182; Stilicho and, 260 sq. ;
Alaric in, 262; Alaric and Stilicho pro-
pose to conquer (Eastern), 265 sqq. ;
attacked by Vandals, 310; ravaged by
Huns, 414; Ostrogoths in, 438; 497;
bishops of, at Council of Chalcedon,
508
Illyrians, and the Roman Empire, 544
Illyricum, under Licinius, 3, 6; ceded to
Constantine, 7; 13, 16, 31 ; awarded to
Constans, 56 ; 59, 61, 75; Januarius at,
218; embassy of Procopius to, foiled,
220; success of Farnobius at, 233; 236;
devastated by Goths, 252; under Theo.
dosius, 253; 393; 412 sq. ; 457; Alaric
magister militum in, 458, 460; taxes
lessened in, 462; Hung in, 466 sqq. ;
raided by Ostrogoths, 469; 474; Bul.
garian raids in, 483
Imbomon, site of the Ascension, 610
Inachus, and the chronology of Eusebius,
583
Indacus, Isaurian robber, removed by Zeno,
470; confederate with Illus, 478; treachery
of, 479
India, Nestorian missionaries in, 519
Indo-Europeans, 353 sq.
Indo-Germanic race, first home of the, 183
Indus, River, 328
Ingaevones, primitive German tribe, 292,
294
Innocent I, Bishop of Rome, cited, 157,
159, 170 sq. , 179, decretal letters of, 182;
joins an embassy to Honorius, 271; and
the Chrysostom controversy, 493 sq.
in Trullo, Quinisextine Council, 181
Iona (Hy), island, monastery of St Columba
in, 533
Ionia, 16
Ionian Sea, nomads find winter quarters
by, 358; Vandals in, 467
Iran, 349, 354
Iranians, the, 330, 354; origin of, 355
Ireland, trading connection with Gaul, 377;
381; monachism in, 533 sqq. , 541
Irenaeus, St, Bishop of Lyons, cited, 167, 172
Irenaeus, Bisbop of Tyre, and Theodoret,
504
Irish Channel, British ports on, visited by
traders from Gaul, 377
Isaac, Roman ex-Jew, identified with Am.
brosiaster, 9. 0.
Isaac of Antioch, protests against abuses of
monachism, 530
Isala River. See Yssel
Isauria, Zeno flees to, 473; Epinicus sent
to, 475; Linges in, 478; revolt in,
479 sq. ; home of Nestorius, 495
Isaurians, the, raids of, 63; and the Eastern
Emperors, 396; recruited by Leo I, 427;
raids of, 461 sq. , 467; defend Constanti.
nople, 467; aid Leo I, 470; Ardaburius
and, 471; unpopularity of, 470 sqq. ;
massacre of, 473; 474; and Illus, 475 sqq. ;
expelled from Constantinople, 479; revolt
of, 480; settled in Thrace, ib.
Isca Dumnoniorum. See Exeter
Isca Silurum. See Caerleon on Usk
Ishim, River, 324
Isidore, Bishop of Seville, his rules for
monks, 533
Isidorian canons, cited, 174, 180; transla-
tion of, 179
Isis, worship of, 9, 569; ceremony of initia-
tion to, 90 sqq. ; 94 sq. ; devotion of Julian
to, 107, 496 ; 112, 114
Islam, 123 sq.
Isocasius, Cilician philosopher, made quaes-
tor, 472; trial of, ib.
Isocrates, 103
Isokasios, quaestor of Antioch, 113
Isonza, River, 259; Odovacar defeated on,
439
Israel. See Jews
Issus, 17
Istaevones, primitive German tribe, 292,
294
Istria, Roumanians in, 356 sq.
Istrus, plundered by Goths, 203
Isurium Brigantum. See Aldborough
Italians, the, under barbarian kings,
439 sqq. ; government unchanged under
Theodoric, 441; and gladiatorial games,
448
Italy, under Maxentius, 3, 40; 6; 13,
16 sqq. , 25 sq. , 30 sqq. ; under Diocletian,
42 sqq. ; 49 sq. ; awarded to Constans,
56; 58 sq. , 61, 76; slow decay of
## p. 727 (#757) ############################################
Index
727
522;
paganism in, 115; 171 sq. ; 182 ; Iron
Age in, 184 ; 190, 192; Germanic tribes
advance upon, 193, 198, 201 ; barbarian
colonists in, 224, 233; secured from
Maximus, 239; army of Gaul invades,
242; Maximus supreme in, 243, 379;
245; Eugenius acknowledged in, 246,
259; Stilicho in, 260 sqq. ; Gothic in-
vasion of, under Alaric, 264 sq. , 270
899. , 392, 460 sq. ; 267 sq. ; Ostro-
goths settle in, 276, 313; 277; Avitus
recognised as emperor in, 281; Odo-
vacar supreme in, 284, 393; Langobards
in, 287, 358; Alemanni in, 299; Silingian
king carried captive to, 304; 305; obtains
corn from Sardinia and Sicily, 306; the
Vandals in, 308; famine in, 416, 309;
310; Magyars reach, 356; Huns in,
364 sq. , 399 sq. ; sends colonists to
Britain, 371 ; 374; 394, 396, 401; at-
tacked by Heraclian, 402; 403; under
Honorius, 405 sq. ; 408; defenceless
condition of, 412; 413, 415; invaded by
Huns, 417; policy of Aëtius successful
in, 419; barbarian kingdom established
in, 420, 428; Gaiseric attacks, 422 sqq. ,
468; Anthemius in, 426 sq. ; under
Odovacar and Theodoric, Ch. xv passim ;
Odovacar king in, 431 sqq. ; alleged par-
tition of land in, 437, 446 sq. ; Theo-
doric in, 438 sqq. ; 479, 483 ; importance
of the Roman Senate in, 443; distribu-
tion of land by Theodoric, 447; resto-
ration of buildings in, 448; Theodoric
and the Church in, 449; 452; 454 sq. ;
Valentinian III reaches, 465; Widimir
in, 471 ; Eastern fleet raids coast, 484;
Arianism of Ostrogoths in, 488 ; pro-
posed council in, 506, 510, 518 ; spread
of monasticism in, 531 ; Benedictine rule
prevails in, 535 sqq. ; 543; wine of, 548;
land taxation in, 562; Christian art in,
Ch. XXI
monasteries founded by, 526;
trained at Aquileia, 531; translates Rule
of Pachomius, 535; 574; translates the
Canones of Eusebius, 583 ; doctrine of,
585; 596
Jerusalem, destruction of, 1; attempt to
restore temple at, 80 sq. ; creed of, 122,
177 ; meeting of bishops at, 128; 136 ;
rise in importance of see of, 174; Aelia
Capitolina built on site of, 174 sq. ;
Eudocia at, 466; Eudoxia dies at, 468 ;
plan of temple at, 608; Christian churches
at, 609
Jerusalem, Bishops of. See Cyril, John,
Juvenal
Jews, the, under law of Constantine, 11;
14; 19; rising among, 63; under Julian,
80; 95; 118; protected by Theodoric,
452 sq. ; persecuted at Ravenna, 453;
riots against, in Alexandria, 463, 489,
494 ; 583; catacombs of, 599; gilt glasses
used by, 606
Jezebel, Eudoxia said to have been com-
pared to, 461, 493
Joannes Antiochenus, cited, 398 and note
Johannes of Epidamnus, Roman general,
commands against the Vandals, 316
John, St, Apostle, and church of Ephesus,
174 ; 584
John the Baptist, St, 493
John, Bishop of Antioch, absent from first
Council of Ephesus, 175; supports Nes-
torius, 498 sq. ; arrives late at Council of
Ephesus, 500 sq. ; holds “Conciliabu-
lum,” 501 ; 502, 509
John Chrysostom, St. See Chrysostom
John, Bishop of Jerusalem, Jerome's com-
plaint against, 175
John “the Persian,” Bishop of Persia, at
the Council of Nicaea, 13
John, Bishop of Ravenna, and Theodoric,
439; arranges treaty with Odovacar,
440
John I, Bishop of Rome, and heresy, 453;
sent on embassy to Justin I, 454; death,
ib.
John Scholasticus, Bishop of Antioch, makes
digest of the Canon Law, 181
John, Count, favourite of Eudoxia, exiled,
263, 459; returns, 460
John the Hunchback, magister militum in
praesenti, defeats Isaurian rebels, 480
John the Scythian, opposes Theodoric, 477;
puts Trocundes to death, 478; quells
Isaurian revolt, 480
John, usurper, declared emperor, 407, 465 ;
defeated, ib. ; executed, 408
John the Vandal, magister militum of
Thrace, murdered, 467
Jordan, River, 23, 121
Jordanes (Jornandes), cited, 185, 203, 361,
398 sq. , 409, 415, 433 sq. , 438, 440
Jotaba, Island of, surrendered to Amru 'l
Kais, 472; recovered by Romans, 481
Jovian (Flavius Claudius Jovianus),
"
Jacob, Syrian hermit, 526
Jacobites, name given to Monophysite sect,
519
Jacobus Baradaeus, Monophysite bishop of
Edessa, reorganises Monophysite Church,
519
Jacobus, Bishop of Nisibis, defends the city,
59
James, St, and church of Jerusalem, 174; 602
James, heathen physician at court of Leo I,
472
Januarius, Roman general, 218
Jaxartes, River, type of nomads in the basin
of, 353
Jerome, St (Eusebius Hieronymus Sophro-
nius), 115 sq. ; ordination of, 152; cited,
154 sqq. , 160 sqq. , 167, 175, 524,531, 544,
546, 570 sq. , 594; ad Evangelum presby-
terum of, 155; and the Canon of Scripture,
173; at Bethlehem, 399; influence on
Theophilus, 490; his description of Nitria,
## p. 728 (#758) ############################################
728
Index
Emperor, 19; elected emperor by the
soldiers, 84 sq. , 136; makes disgraceful
peace with Persia, 85; dies, 86, 137, 209;
possible successors of, 218 sq. ; 225, 227,466
Jovians (Jovii), in Roman army, 220 ; sent
to Britain, 223
Jovinus, ambassador from Leptis, 227 ;
death of, 228
Jovinus, Gaulish noble, declared emperor at
Mainz, 275, 401, 403 ; joined by Ataulf,
277; put to death by Ataulf, 401; 402
Jovinus, officer of Julian, 75; besieges
Aquileia, 76; defeats the Alemanni, 209,
222 ; sent to Britain, 223 ; succeeded by
Theodosius, 224
Jovius, officer of Julian, 75
Jovius, chosen praetorian praefect of Illyria,
267; confers with Alaric, 271 ; vows per-
petual war on Alaric, 272, 273
Julian (Flavius Claudius Julianus), “the
Apostate,” Emperor, 6, 21 sq. ; Ch. III
passim; 55 sq. ; boyhood of, 63, 98 sq. ;
influence of Greek philosophy on, 64,
99 sqq. ; becomes a pagan, ib. , 570; made
Caesar, 65, 131; leads campaign in Gaul,
66 sqq. , 209; administers Gaul, 70 sq. ;
is proclaimed Augustus, 73, 102; advances
against Constantius, 74 ; his aims, 77 ;
causes of his apostasy, 78; his reforms,
79; his treatment of religions, 80, 104 sqq. ,
126; his Persian campaign, 82 sqq. ; death
of, 84 sq. , 112; funeral of, 86; 87, 95 ;
as Pontifex Maximus, 107 sqq. , 116 ; 125 ;
132, 134 sqq. , 169, 218 sqq. , 237; defeats
the Salian Franks, 296; defeats the Ri.
puarian Franks, 299; his treatise in
honour of Cybele, 496; attempts to regu.
late trade, 550; and Neoplatonism, 568 ;
575; and the stage, 593; and Christian
hospitals, 595
Julian, city. praefect of Constantinople, de-
posed, 479
Julian, magister militum of Thrace, killed,
480
Juliana, grand-daughter of Valentinian III,
offered in marriage to Theodoric, 475;
wife of Areobindus, 485
Julianus, comes patrimonii under Theodoric,
442
Julia Traducta. See Tarifa
Juliers, a principal city of the Ripuarian
Franks, 300
Julius I, Bishop of Rome, tries case of
Athanasius and Marcellus, 128 sqq. ; 159
Julius Constantius, half-brother of Con.
stantine the Great, 22; death of, 63
Julius, Roman general, commands in Thrace,
220 ; massacres the Goths in Asia, 252
Junius Bassus, praefect of Rome, sculptures
on sarcophagus of, 602, 604
Juno, Julian revives worship of, 107
Jupiter, 95 ; Julian revives worship of, 107;
Flavianus erects statues of, 247 ; 575
Jupiter Capitolinus, temple of, at Rome,
destroyed by the Vandals, 308, 421
Jura Mts, crossed by Constantius, 65;
Teutons reach the, 194; 534
Justasa, robber, made emperor by Samari.
tans, 474 ; defeated and killed, ib.
Justin I, Eastern Emperor, accession of,
313; 314; proscribes Arianism, 453 sq. ,
485; makes peace with see of Rome, 518
Justin Martyr, letter of Ignatius to, 146;
Apology of, cited, 149, 161
Justina, Aviana, wife of Valentinian I,
Arianism of, 142; 231 ; influences policy
of Valentinian II, 239, 242; death, 243
Justinian, Eastern Emperor, Code of, 1,
556 ; crushes paganism, 113 sq. ; and the
Vandal kingdom, 314 sq. , 318; and the
Ostrogothic kingdom, 432; 440; Authen-
ticus of, cited, 444 ; novel of, cited, 445 ;
Amalasuntha appeals to, 455; 484, 502;
rebuilds Christian churches, 610
Justinian, general of Constantine the usur-
per, defeated by Sarus, 267
Jutes, the, early settlements of, 382, 384 ;
385, 389, 393
Juthungi, tribe of the Alemanni, 200; make
raid on Rhaetia, 241, 410
Jutland, Teutons early settled in, 183 ; 194,
384, 386
Juvenal (Decimus Junius Juvenalis), 575
Juvenal, Bishop of Jerusalem, at Council of
Ephesus, 175; receives reports of decision
of synod at Rome, 499; assessor at the La-
trocinium, 505; at Council of Chalcedon,
508 sq. ; deprived, 509; pardoned, ib. ;
driven from see, 512; reinstated, ib.
Juvencus, presbyter, makes a metric version
of the Gospel, 570
Kalmucks, class distinctions among the,
335; food of, 340; education, 342; re-
ligion, 344 sqq.
Kalonymus, commands Roman fleet against
Vandals, 315
Kara-Kalpaks, customs of, 339
Kara-Kirghiz people, system of government
of, 334 ; food of, 340
Kawad, King of Persia, at war with Rome,
481 sqq. ; makes terms, 483
Kazak Kirghiz, class distinctions among,
335; customs, 339; dress, 341
Kelts (Celtae), the, troops summoned from
Gaul, 72 sq. ; early home of, 184 ; influ.
ence the Teutons, 185; expansion of,
186 sq. ; 189; expelled from South Ger-
many, 190; 191 ; rising of, 267; in
Britain, 368, 370, 373, 546; 544; and the
Latin language, 545
Kenchester (Magna) in Herefordshire,
possibly site of Romano-British town, 373
Kent, Caesar in, 368; Roman villas in,
375; Roman road through, 376; Jutes
in, 382; kingdom of, 389
Kessima, G. , cited, 189 note
Khin-gan Mts, 323
Khiva, slave-markets of, 348; corrupt ad.
ministration of, 352
## p. 729 (#759) ############################################
Index
729
Khokand, 348
Khorasan, Turks flee from, 328; devastated
by Chinghiz Khan, 350
Kinzig Valley, 209 note
Kirghiz, the, wealth of, 331; clan-feeling
among, 334; wanderings of, 335; customs
of, 337 sqq. ; 348; character, 352
Kniwa, King of the Goths, attacks the
Romans, 203 sq.
Koré, worship of, 93
Körös, River, 365
Kriemhild. See Ildico
.
Labarum, the Byzantine, origin of, 4 sq. ;
abolished by Julian, 104
Laconia, the barbarians in, 205
Lacringi, Vandalic tribe, 195, 198; invade
Roman provinces, 199
Lactantius, cited, 4, 51, 549
Laeti, the, 67
Lahn, River, 186 note
Laibach. See Aemona
Lambro, River, 434
Lampadius, praefect of Rome, 272
Lampridius, poet and rhetorician, cited, 158,
551; at Bordeaux, 292
Lampsacus, Tribigild at, 459
Lancashire, Roman forts in, 369
Lanciones, repulsed by Romans, 208
Langobards. See Lombards
Laodicea Combusta, Bishop of. See Eu-
genius
Laodicea in Phrygia, trade of, 548 sq. ; code
of the Council of, 179 sq. ; 242
Laodicea in Syria, linen trade of, 548 sq.
Bulgarians, Persia, Armenia
Empire, (iii) the Western, and the Teutons,
191 sqq. , 222 sqq. , 264–76; and Alario,
268; and Gaiseric, 307 sq. , 310; and the
barbarians, Ch. XIV passim; and the
Papacy, 396 sq. ; and Ataulf, 400; and
Wallia, 404; Teutonisation of, 405 ; hos-
tility to the Eastern Empire, ib. , 408 ;
accepts Theodosian Code, 412; crisis at
death of Honorius (423), 406 sq. ; and
the Huns, 414 sqq. ; allies with the Visi.
goths, 416; last years of, 419 sqq. ;
transformed into barbaric kingdoms, 420;
and Avitus, 421 sq. ; phantom emperors
in, 423-9; cessation of emperors in, 431,
435. See also Britain, Gaul, Italy, Spain
Ems, River, home of Teutones near, 191;
early Saxon settlements on, 294; Chamavi
settled near, 295
Endusi, Teutonic tribe, settle in Gaul, 194
England, 367 sq. , 376, 384 sq. , 387;
missionaries from Iona in, 533; Benedic-
tine Rule prevails in, 534 sq. ; Augustine
introduces Benedictine Rule into, 541;
nuns in, 542; slight effects of Roman
occupation, 546; Roman relics found in,
614
English, the, invade Britain, 380 sq.
English Channel, the, 58; Saxons in, 299;
ancient river-bed in, 367; 378
Enneads, the, of Plotinus, 572, 579
Ennodius, Bishop of Pavia, cited, 428, 434,
437, 440 sqq. , 570
Ephesus, 19, 64, 141; early Christians of,
146; Council of, 174 sqq. , 177, 465, 500,
517; Latrocinium of, 175, 505–9, 513,
530; canons of the Council of, 181, 504;
sacked by barbarians, 204; Chrysostom
and the church at, 491; inhabitants exult
over decision of Council, 500
Ephesus, Bishops of. See Antoninus,
Memnon, Onesimus, Stephen
Ephorus, cited, 349
Ephthalites, the, empire of, 328; harass
the Persians, 466, 469; victory of, 478 ;
aid Persians, 481 sq.
Epinicus, praefect, attempts life of Illus,
475; is sent to Isauria, ib. ; reveals plot
to Illus, 476; recalled, ib.
Epiphanius, Bishop of Pavia (Ticinum),
arranges peace between Nepos and Euric,
283; mediates between Anthemius and
Ricimer, 428; and Odovacar, 436; and
Theodoric, 439; negotiates for the ransom
of the Ligurians, 445; begs remission of
taxes for Ligurians, 446
Epiphanius, Bishop of Constantia, at Con.
stantinople, 492, cited, 159, 527
Epiphanius, lawyer, makes an abridgment
of ecclesiastical histories, 449
Epirus, the barbarians in, 205, 237 ; under
Theodosius, 253; 261; devastated by
Goths, 262; Alaric and, ib. , 264 sqq. ,
458 sqq. ; Theodoric in, 476 ; plundered
by Slavs, 483; fishing trade of, 548
Epistle to Diognetus, 127
Erelieva, mother of Theodoric the Ostro.
goth, 437
Eriwulf, chief of the Visigoths, 214; killed
by Fravitta, 255
Ermanarich, King of the Greutungi, con-
quests of, 214; death, 215, 253
Ernac, youngest son of Attila, inherits part
of the kingdom, 365
Erythrius, praefect, reduces taxation, 474
Erzgebirge, 188; Germanic peoples cross
the, 192, 197
Eski-Zaghra. See Beroë
Esneh. See Latopolis
Essex, Saxon settlement of, 382; kingdom
of, 389 sq.
Esthonians, pay tribute to Theodoric, 452
Etheria (St Sylvia), description of the sacred
sites by, 609 sq.
Ethiopia, monasteries founded in, 524
Etna, volcano, 576
Ettlingen, possible route of Valentinian by,
224
Eucharius, St, pilgrim, cited, 610
Eucherius, great-uncle of Arcadius, 456
Eucherius, son of Stilicho, 269; murdered,
270
Euchitae. See Messalian monks
Eudocia (Athenais), daughter of Leontius,
marries Theodosius II, 463 sq. ; baptised,
464 ; poem of, ib. ; patronage exercised
by, 465 ; goes to Jerusalem, 466 ; retires
from Court, ib. , 506; 467; theological
views, 495; favours the Monophysites,
507; favours insurgent monks at Jerusa-
lem, 512; 517; Old Testament para.
phrase of, 570
Eudoxia, daughter of Bauto, marries
Arcadius, 260, 456 ; proclaimed Augusta,
459; influence of, 459 sqq. ; and Chry-
sostom, 461, 491 sqq. ; death, 461
Eudoxia, daughter of Theodosius II, forced
to marry Maximus, 308; alleged invita-
tion to Gaiseric, 308, 421; taken to
Carthage by Gaiseric, 421, 468; 309;
released, 310, 424, 468 ; influence of,
398; marries Valentinian III, 412, 465 sq. ;
418; and Pope Leo, 506
Eudoxia (Eudocia), daughter of Valentinian
III, carried captive to Carthage, 308 sq. ,
421, 468; marries Vandal prince Huneric,
310, 424, 468; 312 sq. ; influence of, 398;
418; escapes, 468; last days, ib.
Eudoxius, Bishop of Antioch, convenes a
## p. 719 (#749) ############################################
Index
719
Syrian synod, 132, 133; Bishop of
Constantinople, influences Valens, 137 ;
dies, 138
Eugenetes, quaestor under Theodoric, 442;
other offices, 443
Eugenius, Bishop of Laodicea Combusta,
inscription on tomb of, 609; church of,
611
Eugenius, duke, and the Persian invasion,
481
Eugenius, eunuch, helps Procopius, 220
Eugenius, monk, alleged originator of
monasticism in Syria, 526
Eugenius, rhetorician, elected emperor, 62,
246, 258; shews hostility to Christians,
115; is defeated and slain, 247, 259
Eulalius, anti-pope, 155
Eulogius, philosopher, receives a pension,
472
Eunapius, anti-Christian views of, 113
Euphemia, daughter of Marcian, marries
Anthemius, 468
Euphemius, Bishop of Constantinople, de-
prived, 480, 518; advocates peace with
Rome, 518
Euphratensis, province, 498
Euphrates, River, 16, 20, 72, 81; fleet of
Julian on, 82 sq. ; 88, 413 sq. ; Arabs
drowned in, 464; Persian War near, 482
Euphrates, Bishop of Cologne, at Antioch,
130
Euphratesia, invaded, 481
Euric, King of the Visigoths, assassinates
his brother Theodoric II, 282, 427;
character and policy of, ib. ; wins all
southern Gaul, 283, 427, 430, 433; Code
of Law of, ib. ; prestige of, 285 ; death,
ib. ; 286, 289; disloyalty of Catholic
clergy under, 284, 291; 393; makes peace
with Nepos, 429; 431 ; Narbonne ceded
to, 436
Europe, 16 sq. , 121, 124, 183; the Kelts in,
186; La Tène civilisation spreads through,
187; spread of Germanic race in, 191 sqq. ,
196, 202; the Huns invade, 215, 231;
the Franks reach, 293 ; nomad invasions
of, 325, 327 sq. , 347, 349; domestication
of the sheep and pig in, 329 ; 330, 351,
353, 357, 359, 367 ; Maximus conquers
western part of, 379; 459, 464; begin-
nings of monastic life in, 531 sqq. ; 563
Eurymedon, River, 458
Eusebia, wife of Constantius II, shews
friendship to Julian, 64 sq. , 101
Eusebius, Bishop of Caesarea in Palestine,
2 ; cited, 11, 13 sq. , 153, 164, 543, 580,
609 sqq. ; countenances Arius, 119; at
Council of Nicaea, 120 sqq. , 126; 175;
baptismal creed propounded by, 177; 571;
work in comparative chronography of,
582 sq. ; Canones and Chronographia of,
583
Eusebius, Bishop of Constantinople, while
Bishop of Nicomedia educates Julian, 63;
countenances Arius, 119; at Council of
Nicaea, 120; exiled, 123; returns, 126;
consecrates Ulfila, 212
Eusebius, Bishop of Dorylaeum, accuses
Eutyches of heresy, 504 ; deposed, 505;
brings accusations against Dioscorus, 508
Eusebius, Bishop of Vercelli, innovation in
monastic customs made by, 532
Eusebius, chamberlain of Constantius, 63,
76 sq. ; put to death, 79
Eusebius of Myndus, philosopher, 64, 100
Eustathius of Sebaste, and monasticism in
Armenia, 527
Eustochium, Roman lady, and the conven-
tual life, 531 ; friend of Jerome, 596
Eutharic, marries Amalasuntha, 451 ; per-
secutes the Jews, 452 sq. ; 454
Eutherius, chamberlain of Julian, 67; sent
as envoy to Constantius, 73
Eutropius, historian, 21; conspires against
Valens, 226
Eutropius, eunuch of the palace, made High
Chamberlain, 260, 456; fall and execution
of, 262, 458 sq. , 592; promotion of, 457;
negotiates with Gildo, 458; and Chrysos-
tom, 491
Eutyches, archimandrite, accused of heresy
and degraded, 504; doctrine connected
with, 504, 509 sq. ; reinstated by Robber
Council, 505; 508 sq. ; condemned in the
Henoticon, 517
Eutychians, 515
Eutychius, cited, 160
Euxine, the. See Black Sea
Evangelus, a character in the Saturnalia,
571, 572 note
Exe, River, 367
Exeter (Isca Dumnoniorum), Romano.
British town, 368, 373; Roman road
through, 376
Exuperius, Bishop of Toulouse, saves the
city from the barbarians, 266
Eynsham, taken by West Saxons, 390
3
Fabius, Bishop of Antioch, 150
Faesulae, Radagaisus defeated at, 265
Farnobius, chief of the Greutungi, 216 ;
captured, 233
Fausta, daughter of Maximian, and wife of
Constantine, 2 ; executed, 15; 22; 607
Faustina, widow of Constantius II, sup-
ports Procopius, 220
Faustus of Riez, monk, and Pelagius, 586
Faustus Niger, senator, supports Theodoric,
439; ambassador to Constantinople, 440,
443; praetorian praefect, 442; other
offices, 443
Faventia, Odovacar at, 439
Favianum, St Severinus at, 434
Fayum (Der-el-Memun), 522
Fectio. See Vechten
Feletheus, Rugian king, and St Severinus,
425
Felix, anti-pope, 147, 149; election of,
153, 155
Felix, Bishop of Aptunga, 12
## p. 720 (#750) ############################################
720
Index
89. , 592
Felix, consul, and the circus, 448
recruited from, 246, 258 sq. ; at the
Felix, made magister militum and patricius, battle of the Frigidus, 247; 253; de-
408; attacks Boniface, 409; murdered, feated by Vandals, 266 ; 267; in army
410
of Jovinus, 275, 401; valour of, under
Feltre, Theodoric orders new wall at, 448 Aegidius, 282; invade Gothic territory,
Ferghana, customs of the Kirghiz of, 340 ; 284 ; rising power of, 285; defeat the
Tadjiks and Sarts of, 348 sq. , 352
Visigoths, 286 ; 289; Ch. x (B) passim;
Fergunna (Fergunjo, Fergunia), 0. H. G. for legends of the origin of, 293 sqq. ; earliest
Hercynian Forest, 185 note
instances of use of name, 295; location
Ferrandus of Carthage, Breviatio Canonum of the Salian and Ripuarian Franks, 296;
of, 181
customs of, 300 sqq. , 316; dress and ap-
Festus, senator, supports Theodoric, 439; pearance of, 301 ; under Attila, 361;
mission to Constantinople fails, 440, 364; and Jutes, 384 ; invasion of Gaul
443; courtesy of Theodoric to, 444; 448 by, 400, 403 ; driven back by Aëtius,
Finn, traditional hero, 384
410; settled in north Gaul, 413; civil
Finne, Mt, 186 note
war among, 415 ; and Theodoric the
Firmus, Moorish prince, rebellion and death Great, 451, 484 ; at war with Burgun-
of, 228
dians, 452
Flaccitheus, Rugian king, and St Severinus, Fravitta, chief of the Visigoths, 214; kills
425
Eriwulf, 255; sent against Gaïnas, 263,
Fläming district, 187
460; fall of, 460
Flanders, Keltic names in, 186; clothing Freawine, traditional ancestor of royal
trade of, 549
family of Wessex, 384
Flavian, Bishop of Antioch, 161 ; inter- Fredbal, King of the Silingian Vandals,
cedes for the city with Theodosius, 241 carried captive to Italy, 304
Fredegar, account of the Franks, cited, 293,
Flavian, Bishop of Constantinople, charac- 297
ter, 504 ; tries Eutyches for heresy, ib. ; Friedrich, son of Theodoric I, leads ex-
deposed and ill-treated at Robber Council, pedition into Spain, 281 ; defeated by
505; dies, ib. ; his restoration demanded, Aegidius, 282, 298
506 ; 508, 530
Friesland, receives missionaries from Eng.
Flavian the younger, mentioned in the land, 541
Saturnalia, 571
Frig, deity of Teutonic mythology, 386
Flavianus, Bishop of Antioch, expelled, 485 Friga, King of Troy, and the Franks, 293
Flavianus, Bishop of Philippi, and the case Frigeridus, victorious over barbarians, 216,
of Nestorius, 499
233
Flavianus, leader of the pagans in Rome, Frigidus, River (Wipbach or Hubel), victory
246; augurs victory for Eugenius, 247; of Theodosius on, 115, 247, 259, 393 sq.
commits suicide, ib.
Frisians, the, on North Sea coast, 186, 198,
Flintshire, Roman rule in, 372
202 note; prisoners settled in Gaul, 208;
Florence, attacked by Radagaisus, 265
possibly inhabitants of Britain, 385
Florentius, praefect, 69 sq. , 73
Fritigern, chief of the Visigoths, seeks help
Florus, praefect and count of Egypt, puts from Rome, 214 ; is converted to Arian
down the Blemmyes, 468
Christianity, ib. ; 215; 231; makes treaty
Forth, Firth of, and Wall of Pius, 369
with Rome, 232, 250; defeats Romans at
Forum at Rome, the, 598
Hadrianople, 216, 234 sq. , 250 sq. ; re-
Fosse Way, course of, 376
news war, 236 ; death, 237; at siege of
Four Emperors, the, 3
Hadrianople, 251; 253 ; settles with fol.
Frampton, mosaic floor at, 613
lowers in Lower Moesia, 254
France, Iron Age in, 184; Kelts in, 186; Frontinus, cited, 562
La Tène civilisation in, 187; Pharamond Fructuosus, Bishop of Braga, and early
legendary king of, 293 ; 296; Magyars Spanish monachism, 532 sq.
reach, 356 ; 359, 367 ; Visigothic settle- Frugundiones, location of the, 198
ment in, 399; monachism in, 535 sq. Fulgentius, Bishop of Ruspe, literary work
Francion, King of tribe afterwards called of, 322
Franks, 293
Fullofaudes, Roman general, killed in
Franconia, inhabited by Franks, 300
Britain, 223
Franks (Franci), the, 3; incursions of, 6; Furius Victorinus, praetorian praefect, de-
20, 44, 58, 60; capture Cologne, 65 ; feated and slain, 199
make peace with Julian, 66; indepen.
dence of, 69 ; defeated by Julian, 74, 209; Gabala, leader of Ghassani Arabs, 481
growth in importance of, 195 ; cross the Gabinius, King of the Quadi, murdered, 229
Rhine, 201; invade Spain, 202; defeated, Gainas, leader of the Goths, 247, 259 sq. ;
207; prisoners settled in Gaul, 208; turns traitor, 262; dictates terms to
raids of, 223, 235, 243; Roman army Arcadius, 263, 459; heads revolt, 263, 460;
## p. 721 (#751) ############################################
721
Gaudentius, son of Aëtias, carried captive to
Carthage, 308, 421, 424; aspires to marry
daughter of Valentinian III, 418
Gaul, Constantine in, 3, 9; one bishop of,
at Council of Nicaea, 13; administration
of, 30 sq. ; awarded to Constantine II, 56;
passes to Constans, 58; Magnentius in,
60 sq. ; ravaged by the Alemanni, 65 89. ;
Julian in, 66 sqq. , 101 sq. , 209; peace
restored in, 70 sqq. ; 86 ; seats of learning
in, 88; persistence of paganism in, 115;
Athanasius in, 128; 130 sq. ; Nicenes in,
133 sq. ; church customs in, 162; council
of bishops of, 164 ; 172; Creed of Con-
stantinople used in, 177; 182 ; Teutonic
invasion of, 188 sqq. ; Caesar in, 196;
Franks invade, 201 sq. ; government
organised, 207; repeopled, 208; coast
defence of, ib. ; success of Gratian in, 210;
Valentinian in, 218, 222 sqy. ; head of
Procopius displayed in, 221; 228; Gratian
in, 234 sqq. ; Maximus in, 238 sqq. ; heavy
taxation in, 243; Arbogast rules in, 244
sqq. , 256, 258 sqq. ; 248, 252; supplies
corn to Rome, 263; 264; irruption of
barbarian hordes into, 266 sq. , 394, 400;
Constantine the usurper in, 267 sq. , 401,
461; 271; rising of Kelts in, 267; Goths
in, 274; Visigoths settle in, 275 sq. ;
Ataulf's successes in, 277 sq. ; spread of
Visigothic dominion in, 281 sqq. , 393;
end of Visigothic rule in, 285 sq. ; legisla-
tion in, 287; 289; survival of Roman
literature in, 292; 296; Salian Franks in,
297 sqq. ; Clovis conquers, 299; death of
Avitus in, 309; Aegidius in, 310; Alans
in, 358; 361; attacked by Huns, 364,
399, 414 sqq. ; Caesar's conquest of, 368;
372 sqq. ; connection with Ireland, 377;
attacked by Saxons, 378; imports corn
from Britain, 379; 380, 394, 402; Con-
stantius drives Goths from, 403; Goths
settled in, 404 ; local government given
to, 405; 407; Aëtius commands in, 408
8qq. ; policy of Aëtius towards, 411 sq. ,
418; barbarians in various parts of, 413;
Huns leave, 417; Avitus commands troops
in, 421; flight of Avitus to, 422; success
of Majorian in, 423; Aegidius rules in,
424 sq. ; Visigothic rule established in, 427,
429; Gundobad in, 428; lost to Rome,
430 sq. ; 433, 452; monachism in, 534 sqq. ,
541; Latin language modified in, 545;
import trade of, 548; “patronage” in,
564; early Christian art in, 614
Gauls, the, in the Roman army, 4, 6, 61 sq. ,
190 ; defeated at Admagetobriga, 193;
promoted by Procopius, 220; at the battle
on the Frigidus, 247
Gautar, 185
Gauthigoth, 185
Gaza, wine of, 548
Geberic, Gothic king, 19
Geilamir, more correct form for Gelimer
(g. v. ), 314 note
Index
is killed, 263, 460; 264; causes death of
Rufinus, 262, 457 ; made magister mili-
tum, 458; sent against Tribigild, ib. ;
insists on death of Eutropius, 459; and
Chrysostom, 491
Gaiseric, King of the Vandals, in alliance
with Theodoric, 279; leads the Vandals
into Africa, 305, 409 sq. ; takes Carthage,
306, 412; builds a fleet, 306, 412; obtains
by treaty part of Africa, 307, 411 sqq. ;
forms alliance with Visigoths, 307; plun-
ders Rome, 308, 421, 468 ; allies with
Spanish Sueves, 309; destroys Majorian's
fleet, 310, 423; attacks Eastern Empire,
310; treats with the Emperor Zeno, 311,
472; death of, 311, 472; 312; 314 sq. ;
arranges the succession by will, 317 sq. ;
and the Catholics, 321, 362, 364, 393,
395 sq. ; and Eudoxia, 398, 421, 424, 468;
incites the Huns against the Eastern
Empire, 413 sq. ; incites the Huns against
the Visigoths, 415 ; 417; 419 sq. ; and
Avitus, 422; and Majorian, 423 sq. ; and
Aegidius, 425; frustrates Roman attempt
on Carthage, 310, 421; 428; 431 ; treats
with Odovacar, 436
Gaiserix, correct form of Gaiseric, 305 note
Gaiso, murders Constans, 59
Galatai, doubtful identity of, 190
Galatia, 79, 110, 139; clothing trade of,
548
Galatians, Keltic tribe, 546
Galba, Ser. Sulpicius, Emperor, 45
Galchas, the, 330
Galen (Claudius Galenus), 89
Galerius (Galerius Valerius Maximianus),
Emperor, 2; death, 3; edict of, 3, 13;
15; 22
Galicia, barbarians in, 274 sq. ; Asdingi
and Suevi awarded land in, 275, 304;
356
Galilee, 94, 101
Galilei, Galileo, 581
Galla, wife of Theodosius I and sister of
Valentinian II, 242
Galla Placidia. See Placidia, sister of
Honorius
Gallehus in Jutland, archaeological dis-
coveries at, 386
Gallia Lugdunensis, Vandals pass through,
266
Gallienus, P. Licinius Valerianus Egnatius,
Emperor, 6; 17, 72, 140; defeats Ale-
manni, 201; and the Goths, 204 sq. ; 207,
210, 212, 547
Gallipoli, 17
Gallus, nephew of Constantine, 55; marries
Constantina, 60; 61; brutality of, 62;
fall and execution of, 63, 64, 67; 98 sq.
Gangra, canons of Council of, 179 sq. ;
Dioscorus dies at, 512; views of Council
of, 527
Gascony, relic of pre-Roman times in, 546
Gaudentius, magister equitum, father of
Aëtius, 406
C. MED. H. VOL. I.
46
## p. 722 (#752) ############################################
722
Index
Ghassani Arabs, incursion of, repelled, 481
Gibraltar, Straits of, Gothic fleet founders
in, 278, 404 ; 307, 409
Gildas, cited, 380, 388 sq.
Gildo, Moorish prince, Count of Africa, re-
volt of, 262 sqq. , 458; death, 264
Gintonius, officer of Constantius II, 73
Glamorgan, 372
Glastonbury, Keltio villages excavated near,
376
Glevum. See Gloucester
Glon, Persian commander, 481; put to
death, 482
Gloucester (Glevum), colonia at, 371, 373;
Roman road through, 376; taken by
West Saxons, 390
Gloucestershire, Roman villas in, 375;
Weat Saxon victories in, 390
Glycerius, Emperor of the West, proclaimed
emperor, 428, 433; captured, 429; made
bishop of Salona, ib.
Goar, King of the Alani, enlists in Roman
army, 266; makes Jovinus emperor,
275
Gobazes, King of Lazica, negotiates with
the Romans, 469
Gobi Desert, 323
Godas, Vandal governor of Sardinia, rebels
against Gelimer, 315
Godigisel, King of the Vandals, 264; slain,
266
Gelani, the, form alliance with Persia, 71
Gelasius I, Bishop of Rome, changes the
Lupercalia into a Christian festival, 117;
182; cited, 428; supports Theodoric, 439;
election of, 449
Gelimer, King of the Vandals, accession of,
314; defies Justinian, 315; 317 sq. ; 321
Geneva, the Calvinism of, 124
Genèvre, Mt, military road crossing, 277 ;
Ataulf marches over, 401
Gennadius, Bishop of Constantinople, 515
sq.
Genobaudes, leader of the Franks, raid of,
243, 256
Genseric, incorrect form of Gaiseric (q. v. ),
305 note
George of Cappadocia, Bishop of Alexandria,
murdered, 80; library of, used by Julian,
99; driven from see, 132
Georgia, devastated by Chinghiz Khan, 350
Georgians, defeated by Mongols, 350
Gepidae, early settlements of, 185, 203, 361;
in Transylvania, 205; at
war with
Tervingi, 206 ; defeat Huns, 420; and
Mundo, 483
Germania of Tacitus, cited, 383
Germania Magna, proposed new province
of, 195
Germanianus, officer of Julian, 75
German Ocean (Oceanus Germanicus). See
North Sea
Germans, the, 19, 44 sq. , 60; defeat Bar-
batio, 68 ; 74; 101 sq. ; 188; ravage Gaul,
192, 194; reach Italy, 201; 202; plot
against Theodosius, 243; invade Gaul,
266 ; legendary origin of, 292; tribal
antagonism of, 294; 321 ; under King
Rua, 360 sq. ; at court of Attila, 365 ;
392 sq. ; defeat Huns, 420; settle in
Italy, ib. ; in Ricimer's army, 427; as
slaves, 548
Germanus, monk, friend of Cassian, 525
Germany, 45 ; Creed of Constantinople used
in, 177 ; Indo-Germanic race in, 183 ;
185 sqq. ; Marcomanniin, 189 ; 190, 193;
successes of Drusus in, 195 sq. ; 198;
Marcus Aurelius in, 199, 200, 207, 222;
early inhabitants, 292 sqq. ; 300, 359;
Britisb recruits sent to, 370; imports
corn from Britain, 379; 384 sq. ; 452 ;
nunneries in, 542
Gerontius, Roman general in Greece, 261
Gerontius, general of Constantine the
usurper, 267 ; betrays and kills Constans,
274; death, ib. , 401; makes Maximus
emperor, 274, 400
Gervasius, discovery of body of, 581
Gesalech, pretender to the Visigothic throne,
supported by Thrasamund the Vandal,
313
Gesila, the Sajo in Tuscany, and the land-
tax, 446
Gesta inter Liberium et Felicem, cited, 149,
153
Gessoriacum. See Boulogne
Golden Gate. See Constantinople
Golden Horn, the, 17, 462
Golgotha, church of Constantine on, 128
Gordian III (M. Antonius Gordianus),
Emperor, 203
Gordianus, priest at Rome, 159
Gortyna, plan of temple at, 608
Gothland, Teutons settled in, 183 ; 185
Goths, the, 7 sq. , 13; 17; defeated by Con.
stantine II, 19, 20; temple of Eleusis
destroyed by, 113; take Rome, 170;
Arian Visigoths converted, 177; early
settlements of, 185, 190, 198; subdued
by Marcomanni, 196; migrations of, 202;
depredationsof, 203; successes of, 204 sq. ;
206 sq. , 210; tributary to Rome, 211; in.
troduction of Christianity among, 212;
war under Athanarich, 213 sq. ; seek help
from Rome, 215; campaign of Valens
against, 221; enter Roman territory,
232, 250, 393; at war with Rome (377),
233 sqq. , 250; defeat Valens at Hadria.
nople, 140, 216, 235, 251; defeated by
Gratian and Theodosius, 235 sqq. ; make
treaty with Rome, 237, 254; colonise
Thrace, 237 sqq. ; enlist under Theodosius,
242, 248; at the battle on the Frigidus,
247, 259; devastate eastern provinces,
252; 256; invade Thrace, 257; defeated
on the Maritza, 258; campaign in Thes.
saly, 260 sqq. , 457 sq. ; massacred in
Constantinople, 263, 460; invade Italy,
264 sqq. , 399, 469 ; occupy Rome, 272;
sack Rome, 273; in Gaul, 274 sqq. ; add
## p. 723 (#753) ############################################
Index
723
to their territory, 284; relations with
Romans, 285; defeated by the Franks,
286; territory and rule in Gaul, described,
287 ; customs of, 288 sqq. ; dress and
language of, 291 sq. ; Roman literature
among, 292; form body-guard of Amala.
frida, 313; Gothic guard slain, 314;
settled among Vandals in Africa, 316;
364, 395, 401 sq. ; driven from Gaul by
Constantius, 403; allowed to settle in
South Gaul, 404, 413; significance of
Constantius' treatment of, 405 ; 407; de-
feated by Aëtius, 410, 418; make peace,
411; 414 ; and the Huns, 416 sq. ; and
Theodoric the Great, 437 sqq. ; in the
Senate, 443; taxed, 446; land awarded
to, 447; 448; 452; Arianism of, 453;
oppose Amalasuntha, 454 ; 459 sq. ; at-
tack Huns, 470; and Leo I, 471; and
Zeno, 472 sq. ; end of Thracian Goths as
separate tribe, 477; 478; finally leave the
East, 479; 483, 518, 538. See also
Ostrogoths, Visigoths
Gran, River, 197
Gratia Justa Honoria. See Honoria
Gratian, Emperor, refuses office of Pontifex
Maximus, 114, 231; becomes emperor,
140, 228, 230; in Gaul, 210; sends help
to Valens, 216, 233 sq. , 250; consul,
222; co-emperor, 223; 229; rules for
Valentinian II, 231; successful campaign,
234, 252; makes Theodosius co-emperor,
235, 253 ; early popularity, 237; loss of
popularity and death, 115; 238, 255;
burial in Italy refused, 240; 251, 254,
260; coloni under, 559; 565 ; 570
Gratian, father of Valentinian 1, career of,
218
Gratian, proclaimed emperor in Britain,
267 note, 380
Grazers, Syrian monks who fed on grass, 527
Greece (Hellas), under Licinius, 3; 16;
Julianin, 64; decay of religions of, 87 sqq. ;
100 sq. , 103, 107 sqq. , 113; 118; Iron Age
in, 184; Heruli in, 205; 206 ; campaign
of Alario in, 261 sqq. , 404, 457 sq. ; at-
tacked by Vandals, 310 sq.
; Roumanians
in, 356 ; 477; 544 ; need of imports in,
548; art of, 598
Greek civilisation, forms the strength of
the later Empire, 18 sq.
Greeks, early Teutons known to the, 183;
in Thessalonica, 257; attacked by Goths,
261 ; 353, 357
Gregory I, St, the Great, Bishop of Rome,
1, 176; and the English slaves, 390 ;
sends Augustine to Britain, 391 ; and
the Benedictines, 541
Gregory of 'Cappadocia, Bishop of Alex-
andria, installed on expulsion of Atha-
nasius, 128
Gregory “the Illuminator," Bishop of
Armenia, 13
Gregory of Nazianzus, Bishop of Constanti.
nople, at Athens with Julian, 101, 116 ;
undertakes mission to Arians of Con.
stantinople, 140; made bishop of Con.
stantinople, 141; cited, 166, 610; his
letters to Basil, 528; describes life of
Basilian monks, 529; education, 570;
Platonism of, 578; teaching of, 587
Gregory, Bishop of Nyssa, expelled, 139;
education, 570; Platonism of, 578;
teaching of, 585, 587, 589 sq. ; Oratio
catechetica of, 589
Gregory, Bishop of Tours, History of, 115 ;
cited, 293, 295, 297 sq. , 418, 425, 535
Greotingi, 185
Greutingi (Greutungi), 185, 203 and note;
under Ermanarich, 214; defeated by
Romans, 216 ; cross the Danube, 232;
defeated by Promotus, 242 sq.
Grimoald, Duke of Beneventum, grants land
to Bulgars, 358
Grisons, the, 452
Grudii, Teutonic tribe, 188
Grumbates, King of the Chionitae, 72
Gubbio, Bishop of. See Decentius
Gubbio, Jerome on bishop of, 167
Gudila, Gothic representative of Theodoric
at Roman Synod, 450
Gumoarius, supports Procopius, 220; de-
serts to Valens, 221
Gunderic, King of the Vandals, death of,
305 ; 317
Gundobad, nephew of Ricimer, 396; slays
Anthemius, 428 ; succeeds Ricimer, ib. ,
433; makes Glycerius emperor, ib.
Gundomad, a prince of the Alemanni, 65;
murdered, 68; 209
Gunterich, Gothic leader, 203
Gunthamund, King of the Vandals, better
treatment of the orthodox Church by,
312, 321; drives back the Moors, 313 ;
death, ib. ; 318
Guntiarius, King of the Burgundians, 275
Gutones, 202 note
Gwynedd, 388
Hadrian I, Bishop of Rome, sends copy of
Canon Law to Charles the Great, 182
Hadrian (P. Aelius Hadrianus), Emperor, 11,
26, 33, 36, 48; Aelia Capitolina founded
by, 174 ; builds wall from Tyne to Solway,
368 ; and the Civil Service of the Empire,
554; and squatters, 560
Hadrianople, Maximin defeated at, 6;
Licinius flees to, 7; battle of, 7, 17;
diocese not represented at Council of
Constantinople, 141; 233 sq. ; battle of
(378), 62, 140, 216, 234 sq. , 237, 248,
250 sq. , 253 ; siege of, 235, 251; Pom.
peius defeated at, 483
Haemus. See Balkan Mts
Hallstatt period of civilisation, 184
Halmyris, occupied by Goths, 255
Hamaland, Chamavi settled in, 295
Hamilcar, 409
Hammurabi, King of Babylon, irrigation
works of, 326
46-2
## p. 724 (#754) ############################################
724
Index
196 sq.
pagan, 110
Hampshire, Roman villas in, 375; Jutes captured by Goths, 472; put to death,
settled on coast of, 382, 389
473
Hannibal, 409
Heraclius, favourite of Valentinian III,
Hanniballianus, nephew of Constantine, plots the death of Aëtius, 418; murdered,
given a kingdom, 22, 55 ; murder of, 55; 419
56
Hercules, worship of, 114; Basilica of,
Harmonius, slain by Arbogast, 245
448
Harpole, Roman pavement at, 613
Hercynian Forest (Hercynia Sylva), 185 note,
Harram, Areobindus at, 482
Harudi, Teutonic tribe, invade the country Herefordshire (Magasaete), 390
of the Sequani, 189, 194
Hermanfred, King of the Thuringians,
Harz Mts, 187 sq.
marries sister of Theodoric, 451
Hasta, Alaric at, 265
Hermanric, son of Aspar, escapes from
Havel, River, 198
Constantinople, 471 ; in command of
Hebdomon, the, a suburb of Constantinople, Rugian force, 478; marriage to grand-
219
daughter of Zeno, ib.
Hebrus. See Maritza River
Hermas, Visions of, 163; Shepherd of,
Hecate, worship of, 93, 100; worship re- 164
vived by Julian, 107 ; 114
Hermeric, King of the Sueves, in Spain,
Hecebolius, tutor of Julian, 99; becomes a 305
Hermes, worshipped by Julian, 102; 103;
Hegesippus, historian, 164
601
Helena (Hélesmes-Nord), Clodion defeated Herminones, primitive German tribe, 292,
at, 297
294
Helena, Flavia Julia, mother of Constantine Hermotinus, of Lucian, 105
the Great, 2, 8, 15; discovery of the True Hermunduri, location of the, 196 sqq. ;
Cross by, 175; sarcophagus of, 602
invade Roman territory, 199; 200
Helena, sister of Constantius II, marries Herodias, Chrysostom reported to have
Julian, 65, 101
compared Eudoxia to, 461, 493
Helena, daughter of Licinius, 15
Herodotus, cited, 341
Helene (Elne), fortress of, 59
Heruli (Aeruli), among auxiliary troops of
Hélesmes-Nord. See Helena
Rome, 72, 420; in Black Sea region,
Heliodorus, Bishop of Tricca in Thessaly, 203 sqq. , 361 ; driven out of Gaul, 207;
Aethiopica attributed to, 569
at war with Goths, 214; troops sent to
Heliopolis, pagan worship in, 97
Britain, 223; ask help of Euric, 284;
Helios, revered by Julian, 106
315; settle in Hungary, 420; lead revolt,
Hellas, gods of, 80, 107, 113
ib. ; in Italy, 430; defeated by Lombards,
Hellas. See Greece
483
Hellebicus, envoy of Theodosius to Antioch, Herzegovina, Roumanians in, 356
241
Hesiod, works of, studied by Basilina and
Hellespont (province), products of, 548
Julian, 63, 98, 100, 108; 103
Hellespont, the. See Dardanelles
Hessians, derived from the Chatti, 300
Helpidius, Rusticus, Theodoric's physician, Hesychius, Bishop of Salona, 151
his poem, the Blessings of Christ, 449 Hiberia, Persia interferes in, 225; Valens
Helveti, Keltic tribes driven out by Suebi, interposes in, 226
189, 194; 190 ; join the Teutons, 192; Hierapolis, Constantius at, 76; Valens at,
protected by the Romans, 195
226, 231
Hengest, reputed leader of Jutish invasion, Hierapolis, Bishop of. See Abercius
380, 382 sqq.
Hierotheus, supposed disciple of St Paul,
Henoticon, the, controversy concerning, works of, 578
478, 489, 514, 517 sq. ; its form and High Cross (Venonae), Roman road through,
object, 516 sq.
376
Heraclas, Bishop of Alexandria, 160 sq. Hilarianus, magister officiorum, sent as
Heraclea in Thrace, Basiliscus lives at, 473; envoy to Theodemir, 471
burnt by Theodoric, 475; precedence of Hilarion, introduces monasticism into
see of, 493
Palestine, 526
Heraclea on the gulf of Tarentum, dis- Hilarius, Bishop of Rome, 155, 158
coveries on site of, 561
Hilary, Bishop of Poitiers, exiled, 131;
Heraclian, general of Honorius, commands de Synodis of, 133; 134 sq. ; ordains
in Africa, 272 sqq. ; revolt of, 401 sq. ; St Martin of Tours, 152; writings of,
death, 402; 403, 408
172, 578, 585, 590
Heraclius, Roman general, leads campaign Hilary, Roman deacon, protests at the
against the Vandals in Africa, 311, 426; Robber Council, 505
sent to help Gobazes, 469
Hilderic, King of the Vandals, 312; ac-
Heraclius, magister militum of Thrace, cession, 313; deposition, 314 ; character
## p. 725 (#755) ############################################
Index
725
534 sq.
of reign, 313 sqq. ; 318; and the Catholic
Church, 321
Hileia (Ellia), 57
Himerius, Bishop of Tarragona, 151, 153,
182
Hindustan, compared in climate with
Trans-Caspia, 324
Hippo Regius (Bona), Council of, 151, 182;
besieged by Vandals, 306, 410; under
Vandal rule, 307; monastic form intro-
duced by Augustine at, 532; 553; Orosius
at, 576
Hippo, Bishops of. See Augustine, Valerius
Hippocrates, cited, 325, 354
Historia adversus paganos of Paulus Oro-
sius, 115
Historia Brittonum, of Nennius, cited,
382 sq. , 391
Historia Monachorum, description of Cellia
in, 522
Historia Religiosa, of Theodoret, 526
Holland, Kelts in, 186 sq.
Homer, works of, studied by Basilina and
Julian, 63, 98, 100, 108; 103, 573
Honoratus, holds military command ander
Theodoric, 442
Honoratus, and the monastery of Lerins,
Honoria (Gratia Justa Honoria), sister of
Valentinian III, influence of, 398;
alleged proposal of marriage to Attila,
364, 415, 417, 421, 424; birth, 404; 406;
banished, 415
Honorians, troops of barbarians in the
Roman service, 267
Honorius, Flavius, Emperor of the West,
opposed by Attalus, 115; early visit to
Rome, 244; made Augustus, 246 ; sum-
moned to his father's death-bed, 247;
receives the Western Empire, 260, 456 ;
marries, 264 ; triumph of, 265 ; 267; at
Bologna, 268; Stilicho and, 269; punishes
Stilicho's family, 270; refuses Alaric's
terms, 271 recognises Constantine as
emperor, ib. ; besieged by Goths, 273;
makes war on Constantine, 274, 401;
puts Constantine to death, 275, 401;
276 ; temporises with Ataulf, 277, 400;
makes a treaty with the barbarians in
Spain, 304 sq. ; repairs British forts,
379; 394; and Placidia, 398; death,
399, 406 sq. , 465; question of succession
to, 402 sq. ; policy of, towards barbarians,
405 ; weakness of character, 406; recruits
army from the Huns, 407, 408, 412, 419,
432, 442 sq. , 459, 461; and the Chrysos-
tom controversy, 494 ; trade guilds under,
551; 564, 594
Horburg near Colmar (Argentaria), Ale-
manni defeated at, 210, 234
Horkstow, Roman pavement at, 613
Hormisdas, Bishop of Rome, fails to come
to terms with Anastasius, 518; makes
peace with Justin, ib.
Horrea Margi, battle of, 483
Horsa, reputed leader of Jutish invasion,
380, 382
Hortarius, King of the Alemanni, 70
Horus, character in the Saturnalia, 572
Hosius (Osius), Bishop of Cordova, at
Council of Nicaea, 14, 120; at Council
of Sardica, 129 sq. , 149, 179 sq. ; 131;
180
Hosius, cook, promoted by Eutropius,
457
Hubel. See Frigidus
Hucumbra, 84
Hugr, leader of Taghlibi, 481
Humber, River, 367 sq. , 390
Huneric, son of Gaiseric, proposals for
marriage of, 307 sq. ; repudiates first
wife, 307, 415; marries Eudoxia, 310,
424, 468; reign of, 312; persecutes the
Catholics, ib. , 321; 313; Moors under,
316; 318
Hungary, early inhabitants of, 188, 197 ;
Huns march from, 280, 364; customs of
Vandals in, 318, 321; Asdingian Vandals
in, 320; Cumans flee to, 328; nomad
hordes in, 352, 356 sqq. ; Priscus in,
415; Sciri and Heruli in, 420; 452
Hungeld, paid by Eastern Empire, 414
Huns, the, invasion of Europe by, 140,
215 sq. , 231 sqq. , 250, 254, 349, 357;
raids of, 239 sq. , 253 sq. , 257, 306, 456 ;
enlist under Theodosius, 242; invade
Syria, 261, 456; enlist under Honorius,
272; increase in power under Attila,
279; invade Gaul, 280 sq. , 399; 315 ;
food of, 340; method of warfare, 347,
350; Ch. x (B) passim; early history
of, 360; serve in Roman army, 361
capture Danube forts, 362 sq. ; domestic
life, 365 sq. ; 392 sq. ; and Aëtius, 394 ;
395; results of invasion of Europe by,
398 ; in Italy, 399; 406 ; under Aëtius
support John, 407 sq. ; maintain Aëtius
in power, 411; bribed by Gaiseric, 413;
levy blackmail on Eastern Empire, 414;
turn against Gaul, ib. ; in the West,
415 sq. ; defeated on Mauriac plain, 280,
416; ravage North Italy, 417; fall back
from Rome, ib. ; 419 ; defeated by Ger.
mans, 420; Romulus ambassador to, 429;
Eutropius and, 457; ravage Thrace, 458,
464, 467; driven beyond the Danube, 462;
465; invade Illyricum, 466 sq. ; end of
empire of, 468; attack Goths, 470; attack
Persia, 482 sq. ; as slaves, 548
Hwicce, kingdom of, 389 sq.
Hy. See Iona
Hydatius, cited, 403, 409
Hypatia, 116; murder of, 463, 494, 513
Hypatius, nephew of Anastasius, commands
in Persian War, 482; fails to quell re-
bellion of Vitalianus, 485 sq. ; captured,
486; released, ib. ; sent on embassy to
Persia, ib.
Hypatius, general, fails to suppress revolt
of Vitalianus, 485
## p. 726 (#756) ############################################
726
Index
Iamblichus, philosopher, 89, 94, 105
Iazyges, driven back across the Danube,
199; 207
Ibas, Bishop of Edessa, and the Nestorian
controversy, 498; deprived by Robber
Council, 505; at Council of Chalcedon,
507; reinstated, 510, 512; 513; and the
school of Edessa, 514, 518; death, 514,
619; 515
Ibbas, general of Theodoric, victorious near
Arles, 452
Iberians, and the Roman Empire, 544;
Latin language modified by, 545
Ibn Rusta, cited, 348
Iceland, mythology of, 386
Iceni, British tribe, 373
Ida, Mt, 16
Ida, King of Bernicia, 391
Ignatius, St, letters of, cited, 145 sqq. , 156,
158; 164
Ildico (Kriemhild), bride of Attila, 365
Ili, River, 323
Ilium, sacked by barbarians, 204
Illus, revolt of, against the Emperor Zeno,
113, 436, 478; subdued, 438, 479; joins
Basiliscus against Zeno, 473; joins Zeno,
ib. ; put in command of troops, 474 ;
attempts made to assassinate, 475; made
magister officiorum, 476; and Verina, ib. ;
made magister militum per Orientem,
477 ; beheaded, 479; death of daughter
of, ib.
Illyria, church of, 182; Stilicho and, 260 sq. ;
Alaric in, 262; Alaric and Stilicho pro-
pose to conquer (Eastern), 265 sqq. ;
attacked by Vandals, 310; ravaged by
Huns, 414; Ostrogoths in, 438; 497;
bishops of, at Council of Chalcedon,
508
Illyrians, and the Roman Empire, 544
Illyricum, under Licinius, 3, 6; ceded to
Constantine, 7; 13, 16, 31 ; awarded to
Constans, 56 ; 59, 61, 75; Januarius at,
218; embassy of Procopius to, foiled,
220; success of Farnobius at, 233; 236;
devastated by Goths, 252; under Theo.
dosius, 253; 393; 412 sq. ; 457; Alaric
magister militum in, 458, 460; taxes
lessened in, 462; Hung in, 466 sqq. ;
raided by Ostrogoths, 469; 474; Bul.
garian raids in, 483
Imbomon, site of the Ascension, 610
Inachus, and the chronology of Eusebius,
583
Indacus, Isaurian robber, removed by Zeno,
470; confederate with Illus, 478; treachery
of, 479
India, Nestorian missionaries in, 519
Indo-Europeans, 353 sq.
Indo-Germanic race, first home of the, 183
Indus, River, 328
Ingaevones, primitive German tribe, 292,
294
Innocent I, Bishop of Rome, cited, 157,
159, 170 sq. , 179, decretal letters of, 182;
joins an embassy to Honorius, 271; and
the Chrysostom controversy, 493 sq.
in Trullo, Quinisextine Council, 181
Iona (Hy), island, monastery of St Columba
in, 533
Ionia, 16
Ionian Sea, nomads find winter quarters
by, 358; Vandals in, 467
Iran, 349, 354
Iranians, the, 330, 354; origin of, 355
Ireland, trading connection with Gaul, 377;
381; monachism in, 533 sqq. , 541
Irenaeus, St, Bishop of Lyons, cited, 167, 172
Irenaeus, Bisbop of Tyre, and Theodoret,
504
Irish Channel, British ports on, visited by
traders from Gaul, 377
Isaac, Roman ex-Jew, identified with Am.
brosiaster, 9. 0.
Isaac of Antioch, protests against abuses of
monachism, 530
Isala River. See Yssel
Isauria, Zeno flees to, 473; Epinicus sent
to, 475; Linges in, 478; revolt in,
479 sq. ; home of Nestorius, 495
Isaurians, the, raids of, 63; and the Eastern
Emperors, 396; recruited by Leo I, 427;
raids of, 461 sq. , 467; defend Constanti.
nople, 467; aid Leo I, 470; Ardaburius
and, 471; unpopularity of, 470 sqq. ;
massacre of, 473; 474; and Illus, 475 sqq. ;
expelled from Constantinople, 479; revolt
of, 480; settled in Thrace, ib.
Isca Dumnoniorum. See Exeter
Isca Silurum. See Caerleon on Usk
Ishim, River, 324
Isidore, Bishop of Seville, his rules for
monks, 533
Isidorian canons, cited, 174, 180; transla-
tion of, 179
Isis, worship of, 9, 569; ceremony of initia-
tion to, 90 sqq. ; 94 sq. ; devotion of Julian
to, 107, 496 ; 112, 114
Islam, 123 sq.
Isocasius, Cilician philosopher, made quaes-
tor, 472; trial of, ib.
Isocrates, 103
Isokasios, quaestor of Antioch, 113
Isonza, River, 259; Odovacar defeated on,
439
Israel. See Jews
Issus, 17
Istaevones, primitive German tribe, 292,
294
Istria, Roumanians in, 356 sq.
Istrus, plundered by Goths, 203
Isurium Brigantum. See Aldborough
Italians, the, under barbarian kings,
439 sqq. ; government unchanged under
Theodoric, 441; and gladiatorial games,
448
Italy, under Maxentius, 3, 40; 6; 13,
16 sqq. , 25 sq. , 30 sqq. ; under Diocletian,
42 sqq. ; 49 sq. ; awarded to Constans,
56; 58 sq. , 61, 76; slow decay of
## p. 727 (#757) ############################################
Index
727
522;
paganism in, 115; 171 sq. ; 182 ; Iron
Age in, 184 ; 190, 192; Germanic tribes
advance upon, 193, 198, 201 ; barbarian
colonists in, 224, 233; secured from
Maximus, 239; army of Gaul invades,
242; Maximus supreme in, 243, 379;
245; Eugenius acknowledged in, 246,
259; Stilicho in, 260 sqq. ; Gothic in-
vasion of, under Alaric, 264 sq. , 270
899. , 392, 460 sq. ; 267 sq. ; Ostro-
goths settle in, 276, 313; 277; Avitus
recognised as emperor in, 281; Odo-
vacar supreme in, 284, 393; Langobards
in, 287, 358; Alemanni in, 299; Silingian
king carried captive to, 304; 305; obtains
corn from Sardinia and Sicily, 306; the
Vandals in, 308; famine in, 416, 309;
310; Magyars reach, 356; Huns in,
364 sq. , 399 sq. ; sends colonists to
Britain, 371 ; 374; 394, 396, 401; at-
tacked by Heraclian, 402; 403; under
Honorius, 405 sq. ; 408; defenceless
condition of, 412; 413, 415; invaded by
Huns, 417; policy of Aëtius successful
in, 419; barbarian kingdom established
in, 420, 428; Gaiseric attacks, 422 sqq. ,
468; Anthemius in, 426 sq. ; under
Odovacar and Theodoric, Ch. xv passim ;
Odovacar king in, 431 sqq. ; alleged par-
tition of land in, 437, 446 sq. ; Theo-
doric in, 438 sqq. ; 479, 483 ; importance
of the Roman Senate in, 443; distribu-
tion of land by Theodoric, 447; resto-
ration of buildings in, 448; Theodoric
and the Church in, 449; 452; 454 sq. ;
Valentinian III reaches, 465; Widimir
in, 471 ; Eastern fleet raids coast, 484;
Arianism of Ostrogoths in, 488 ; pro-
posed council in, 506, 510, 518 ; spread
of monasticism in, 531 ; Benedictine rule
prevails in, 535 sqq. ; 543; wine of, 548;
land taxation in, 562; Christian art in,
Ch. XXI
monasteries founded by, 526;
trained at Aquileia, 531; translates Rule
of Pachomius, 535; 574; translates the
Canones of Eusebius, 583 ; doctrine of,
585; 596
Jerusalem, destruction of, 1; attempt to
restore temple at, 80 sq. ; creed of, 122,
177 ; meeting of bishops at, 128; 136 ;
rise in importance of see of, 174; Aelia
Capitolina built on site of, 174 sq. ;
Eudocia at, 466; Eudoxia dies at, 468 ;
plan of temple at, 608; Christian churches
at, 609
Jerusalem, Bishops of. See Cyril, John,
Juvenal
Jews, the, under law of Constantine, 11;
14; 19; rising among, 63; under Julian,
80; 95; 118; protected by Theodoric,
452 sq. ; persecuted at Ravenna, 453;
riots against, in Alexandria, 463, 489,
494 ; 583; catacombs of, 599; gilt glasses
used by, 606
Jezebel, Eudoxia said to have been com-
pared to, 461, 493
Joannes Antiochenus, cited, 398 and note
Johannes of Epidamnus, Roman general,
commands against the Vandals, 316
John, St, Apostle, and church of Ephesus,
174 ; 584
John the Baptist, St, 493
John, Bishop of Antioch, absent from first
Council of Ephesus, 175; supports Nes-
torius, 498 sq. ; arrives late at Council of
Ephesus, 500 sq. ; holds “Conciliabu-
lum,” 501 ; 502, 509
John Chrysostom, St. See Chrysostom
John, Bishop of Jerusalem, Jerome's com-
plaint against, 175
John “the Persian,” Bishop of Persia, at
the Council of Nicaea, 13
John, Bishop of Ravenna, and Theodoric,
439; arranges treaty with Odovacar,
440
John I, Bishop of Rome, and heresy, 453;
sent on embassy to Justin I, 454; death,
ib.
John Scholasticus, Bishop of Antioch, makes
digest of the Canon Law, 181
John, Count, favourite of Eudoxia, exiled,
263, 459; returns, 460
John the Hunchback, magister militum in
praesenti, defeats Isaurian rebels, 480
John the Scythian, opposes Theodoric, 477;
puts Trocundes to death, 478; quells
Isaurian revolt, 480
John, usurper, declared emperor, 407, 465 ;
defeated, ib. ; executed, 408
John the Vandal, magister militum of
Thrace, murdered, 467
Jordan, River, 23, 121
Jordanes (Jornandes), cited, 185, 203, 361,
398 sq. , 409, 415, 433 sq. , 438, 440
Jotaba, Island of, surrendered to Amru 'l
Kais, 472; recovered by Romans, 481
Jovian (Flavius Claudius Jovianus),
"
Jacob, Syrian hermit, 526
Jacobites, name given to Monophysite sect,
519
Jacobus Baradaeus, Monophysite bishop of
Edessa, reorganises Monophysite Church,
519
Jacobus, Bishop of Nisibis, defends the city,
59
James, St, and church of Jerusalem, 174; 602
James, heathen physician at court of Leo I,
472
Januarius, Roman general, 218
Jaxartes, River, type of nomads in the basin
of, 353
Jerome, St (Eusebius Hieronymus Sophro-
nius), 115 sq. ; ordination of, 152; cited,
154 sqq. , 160 sqq. , 167, 175, 524,531, 544,
546, 570 sq. , 594; ad Evangelum presby-
terum of, 155; and the Canon of Scripture,
173; at Bethlehem, 399; influence on
Theophilus, 490; his description of Nitria,
## p. 728 (#758) ############################################
728
Index
Emperor, 19; elected emperor by the
soldiers, 84 sq. , 136; makes disgraceful
peace with Persia, 85; dies, 86, 137, 209;
possible successors of, 218 sq. ; 225, 227,466
Jovians (Jovii), in Roman army, 220 ; sent
to Britain, 223
Jovinus, ambassador from Leptis, 227 ;
death of, 228
Jovinus, Gaulish noble, declared emperor at
Mainz, 275, 401, 403 ; joined by Ataulf,
277; put to death by Ataulf, 401; 402
Jovinus, officer of Julian, 75; besieges
Aquileia, 76; defeats the Alemanni, 209,
222 ; sent to Britain, 223 ; succeeded by
Theodosius, 224
Jovius, officer of Julian, 75
Jovius, chosen praetorian praefect of Illyria,
267; confers with Alaric, 271 ; vows per-
petual war on Alaric, 272, 273
Julian (Flavius Claudius Julianus), “the
Apostate,” Emperor, 6, 21 sq. ; Ch. III
passim; 55 sq. ; boyhood of, 63, 98 sq. ;
influence of Greek philosophy on, 64,
99 sqq. ; becomes a pagan, ib. , 570; made
Caesar, 65, 131; leads campaign in Gaul,
66 sqq. , 209; administers Gaul, 70 sq. ;
is proclaimed Augustus, 73, 102; advances
against Constantius, 74 ; his aims, 77 ;
causes of his apostasy, 78; his reforms,
79; his treatment of religions, 80, 104 sqq. ,
126; his Persian campaign, 82 sqq. ; death
of, 84 sq. , 112; funeral of, 86; 87, 95 ;
as Pontifex Maximus, 107 sqq. , 116 ; 125 ;
132, 134 sqq. , 169, 218 sqq. , 237; defeats
the Salian Franks, 296; defeats the Ri.
puarian Franks, 299; his treatise in
honour of Cybele, 496; attempts to regu.
late trade, 550; and Neoplatonism, 568 ;
575; and the stage, 593; and Christian
hospitals, 595
Julian, city. praefect of Constantinople, de-
posed, 479
Julian, magister militum of Thrace, killed,
480
Juliana, grand-daughter of Valentinian III,
offered in marriage to Theodoric, 475;
wife of Areobindus, 485
Julianus, comes patrimonii under Theodoric,
442
Julia Traducta. See Tarifa
Juliers, a principal city of the Ripuarian
Franks, 300
Julius I, Bishop of Rome, tries case of
Athanasius and Marcellus, 128 sqq. ; 159
Julius Constantius, half-brother of Con.
stantine the Great, 22; death of, 63
Julius, Roman general, commands in Thrace,
220 ; massacres the Goths in Asia, 252
Junius Bassus, praefect of Rome, sculptures
on sarcophagus of, 602, 604
Juno, Julian revives worship of, 107
Jupiter, 95 ; Julian revives worship of, 107;
Flavianus erects statues of, 247 ; 575
Jupiter Capitolinus, temple of, at Rome,
destroyed by the Vandals, 308, 421
Jura Mts, crossed by Constantius, 65;
Teutons reach the, 194; 534
Justasa, robber, made emperor by Samari.
tans, 474 ; defeated and killed, ib.
Justin I, Eastern Emperor, accession of,
313; 314; proscribes Arianism, 453 sq. ,
485; makes peace with see of Rome, 518
Justin Martyr, letter of Ignatius to, 146;
Apology of, cited, 149, 161
Justina, Aviana, wife of Valentinian I,
Arianism of, 142; 231 ; influences policy
of Valentinian II, 239, 242; death, 243
Justinian, Eastern Emperor, Code of, 1,
556 ; crushes paganism, 113 sq. ; and the
Vandal kingdom, 314 sq. , 318; and the
Ostrogothic kingdom, 432; 440; Authen-
ticus of, cited, 444 ; novel of, cited, 445 ;
Amalasuntha appeals to, 455; 484, 502;
rebuilds Christian churches, 610
Justinian, general of Constantine the usur-
per, defeated by Sarus, 267
Jutes, the, early settlements of, 382, 384 ;
385, 389, 393
Juthungi, tribe of the Alemanni, 200; make
raid on Rhaetia, 241, 410
Jutland, Teutons early settled in, 183 ; 194,
384, 386
Juvenal (Decimus Junius Juvenalis), 575
Juvenal, Bishop of Jerusalem, at Council of
Ephesus, 175; receives reports of decision
of synod at Rome, 499; assessor at the La-
trocinium, 505; at Council of Chalcedon,
508 sq. ; deprived, 509; pardoned, ib. ;
driven from see, 512; reinstated, ib.
Juvencus, presbyter, makes a metric version
of the Gospel, 570
Kalmucks, class distinctions among the,
335; food of, 340; education, 342; re-
ligion, 344 sqq.
Kalonymus, commands Roman fleet against
Vandals, 315
Kara-Kalpaks, customs of, 339
Kara-Kirghiz people, system of government
of, 334 ; food of, 340
Kawad, King of Persia, at war with Rome,
481 sqq. ; makes terms, 483
Kazak Kirghiz, class distinctions among,
335; customs, 339; dress, 341
Kelts (Celtae), the, troops summoned from
Gaul, 72 sq. ; early home of, 184 ; influ.
ence the Teutons, 185; expansion of,
186 sq. ; 189; expelled from South Ger-
many, 190; 191 ; rising of, 267; in
Britain, 368, 370, 373, 546; 544; and the
Latin language, 545
Kenchester (Magna) in Herefordshire,
possibly site of Romano-British town, 373
Kent, Caesar in, 368; Roman villas in,
375; Roman road through, 376; Jutes
in, 382; kingdom of, 389
Kessima, G. , cited, 189 note
Khin-gan Mts, 323
Khiva, slave-markets of, 348; corrupt ad.
ministration of, 352
## p. 729 (#759) ############################################
Index
729
Khokand, 348
Khorasan, Turks flee from, 328; devastated
by Chinghiz Khan, 350
Kinzig Valley, 209 note
Kirghiz, the, wealth of, 331; clan-feeling
among, 334; wanderings of, 335; customs
of, 337 sqq. ; 348; character, 352
Kniwa, King of the Goths, attacks the
Romans, 203 sq.
Koré, worship of, 93
Körös, River, 365
Kriemhild. See Ildico
.
Labarum, the Byzantine, origin of, 4 sq. ;
abolished by Julian, 104
Laconia, the barbarians in, 205
Lacringi, Vandalic tribe, 195, 198; invade
Roman provinces, 199
Lactantius, cited, 4, 51, 549
Laeti, the, 67
Lahn, River, 186 note
Laibach. See Aemona
Lambro, River, 434
Lampadius, praefect of Rome, 272
Lampridius, poet and rhetorician, cited, 158,
551; at Bordeaux, 292
Lampsacus, Tribigild at, 459
Lancashire, Roman forts in, 369
Lanciones, repulsed by Romans, 208
Langobards. See Lombards
Laodicea Combusta, Bishop of. See Eu-
genius
Laodicea in Phrygia, trade of, 548 sq. ; code
of the Council of, 179 sq. ; 242
Laodicea in Syria, linen trade of, 548 sq.
