No More Learning

, gold, pIled mountaIn hIgh 2. 92.
ad 860
? Take It before PrInce T~Ul gets there Thus Quang Yeou to the Khltan of Apaoki
whose son was lost In the mulberry forest Thus came T~IN Into EmpIre
callmg themselves later TANG
hunters and Jongleurs Comedians were the klng's eyes but unstable
Took Chou land In 70 days WIthout dIsorder
A PrInce thIS was, but no Emperor, paladIn, useless to rule Tartar Yuen ruled as protector
cut down taxes, analphabetlc
And yet he set all the hawks loose,
saId huntm' IS hell on the crops
ThIs Ll-sse Yuen, called MING TSONG, had eIght years of
a. a923
Ll Tsongkou ruled hIS troops by affectIon was Prmce of Lou at this tlnle
that 18 Kungfutseu's country
The dowager empress chose hIm
a great captaIn under MING TSONG and they needed troops for defence agaInst tartars
In ChekIng-Tang's department Called ApaokI son of ChullU to aSSIst them And Cheklng Tang founded a dynasty
a rl 9J4
Dry sprmg, a dry summer locusts and raIn In autumn
and beyond that, lack of speCIe tax collectors Inhuman
Chuhu a great Queen of the Tartar Te Kouang put the emperor In a temple
and supplIed him With comforts
tartars put on chmese clothes
Ouan sow" ten thousand
eVVlva, eVVlva Lleou-Tchl-Yuen . 193
ad 947
comIng up from the ranks
good reign
? Turk of the horde of ehato, set hIS CIty at Calfon fou
And the tartars called their dead emperor t salted'
And It wd/ be now 13 years untIl SUNG
Teoul-tcheou saId Lou land has produced only writers Said TAI-TSOU KUNG IS the master of emperOlS
and they brought out Ou-tchao's edItIon, 953, And TAl ordered hImself a brIck tomb WIth no flummery
no stone men sheep or tIgers
CHI-TSONG m the thIck by T~e-tcheou,agaInst Han
sent reserve troops to the left wing
while he held firm on the rIght,
sayIng now, that they thInk they have beaten us'
And CHI cleared out the temples and hochang cleared out 30 thousand temples
and that left 26 hundred
WIth 60 thousand bonzes and bonzesses Chou cOin was of Iron
And CHI'S men drove t~e Tang boats from the Hoal-ho
all north of the great Klang was to CHI-TSONG who lent graIn to Hoal-nan deva~t
Died Quang-po the adVIsor SUNG was for 300 years
LIght was In hIS birth room and fragrance
as 1? It were almond boughs
Red the robe of hIs dynasty
pourvou que ~a doure, saId hIs mother
He saId let brothers Inherit
you are not here by virtushj
the last HAN was a mInor eunuchs, hochangs and taxers
princes get too much power
TCHAO KOUANG revIewed all capItal sentences
took tax power from governors 294
and tartars
? and centered the army command South Han was rotted wIth douanes
was rotted wIth tortures TSIuenpIU In snow had all Chou
and was SIxty SIX days only In takIng It And the emperor
Sent hIS own coonskIn coat to thIs general who promptly went gay,
FIve stars shone In Koue, five planets
T A l TSONG brought out the true BOOKS
and there arose In the prOVUlce of Ssetchuen a 1 evolt because of the greed of the mandarIns
Not content wIth theIr salarIes
began to bleed merchants for lIcences
whIch new damn tax made money so scarce In that prOVInce that men cdn't buy the neceSSItIes
Therefore Quang Siaopo of the people demanded Just dIstrIbutIon
and they went agamst TSlng-chln CIty, and took Pongchan
by vIolence and cut open the governor's belly whIch they :filled up wIth SlIver
(bIt of what he had extorted) and TAl TSONG reIgned 22 years
carIng for field work MeanwhIle Jelly Hugo the tartar, a Khltan, freed hIs people of taxes
and started old age relIef Ghengls rIsIng
And Tchln-Song declIned a present of sables (marte zlbbehne) sayIng It was Just as cold for the soldIers
and In ten four men crIed once agaIn Ouan SOUl
may he lIve for 10 thousand years
TCHIN-TSONG
ouan SOUl, may he lIve for ten thousand years
who saId don't worry about comIng ages the people need tIme to breathe
a d 978
a d 993
2. 95
? ad 1022
And he made terms wIth the tartars, paId 'em In SIlk and m slIver
to keep 'em qUIet as far as the wall
And the King of Khltan set court at Tchongklng our lord TCHIN gomg mumbo
and they burled hIm wIth the tracts about heaven whIch had wrought his dIshonour
and GIN TSONG cleaned out the taozers and the tartars began uSIng books
Han, Khltan, tartar wars, boredom of
Money and all that, stablhzatlon, probably racket
1069
And now FOU-Ple to whom we owed the peace of 1042. wIth
returned and was kept and made mInIster and CHIN-TSONG lIved soberly
wIth no splurge of table or costumes and at thIs tune began N gan
(or more fully Ouang-Ngan-che) to demand that they reset the market trIbunals,
postmg every day what was on sale and what the rIght prIce of It
as had been under TCHEOU emperors
and that a market tax shd/ go to the emperor from thIs
thereby rehevmg the poor of all douanes gIvIng them easy market for merchandIse
and enlIvenIng commerce
by making to cIrculate the whole realm's abundance
and said he knew how hard It wd/ be to nnd personnel
to look after thls, as when YAO had appoInted Koen
who could not, and then YU who had drawn off the flood water
And these changes annoyed, greatly, the bureaucrats 2. 96
the tartars
? whom he sent to confino that is the most stubborn
and got younger men to replace 'em And LIU-hoel saId Ngan was a tWIster
but the Emperor sent back HoeI's protest So Hoel begged to retIre, and
was sent out to Tengtcheou as governor And Ngan saw land lymg barren
because peasants had nowt to sow there whence saId Lend 'em graIn In the sprmg tIme
that they can pay back In autumn
WIth a bIt of an mcrease, thIS wd/ augment the reserve, ThIS will need a trIbunal
and the same trIbunal shd/ seek
equIty
for all lands and all merchandIse
accordtng to harvest and SOlI
so that the emperor's tIthes shd/ be proportIonate
to the rarIty or the abundance of merchandIse to make commerce more easy, that the folk be not
nor yet the ImperIal revenue be made less and Ngan made yet a thIrd pomt
that was to fix the value of money
and to cOin enough denars
that shd/ stay always on the same footing and Fan-chungm protested
but
Heol-kmg argued for Ngan
no man 1S forced to borrow thIS graIn In sprIng tune
If peasants find It no advantage
they WIll not come borrow It
and Sse-ma, saId, all rIght In theory
but the executIon WIll be full of abuse
they'll take It, but not brIng It haclt. 297
overburdened
? TSONG of T ANG put up granarIes
somewhat hke those you want to establish
a measure of ten or twelve pounds cost no more than ten pence and when the prIce was put up
they went on bUYing
and the whole prOVInce was rUIned
CHIN stayed pro-Ngan, and It was suggested that drought was due to Ngan's reforms,
whereto N gan said droughts had happened before
and at the 12th moon of the 17th year of thIs Emperor Sse-rna Kouang, Fan Tsuyu and Lleou Ju offered the HISTORY, called
ad 10-84 Tse-tcbt t01zg hen hang 1nou
on the model of Tso kJeou mlng
and thIs began wIth the 23rd year of OUEI-LIE of TCHEOU dynasty
and was In 294 books
Honour to CHIN-TSONG the modest Lux enlm per se omnem In partem Reason from heaven, saId T cheou Tun-y
enlighteneth all thmgs selpsum selpsum drffundlt, rlsplende
Is the beginnIng of all thIngs, et e1. tectu,
Said Ngan YAO, CHUN were thus In government
Died now the master of Nenuphar
Mandarms oppressing peasants to get back their graIn loans, and hts dIctIonary IS, they say, coloured wIth hochang
mterpretatlons and Taozer, that IS Ngan's
and merchants In Cal? ong put up their shutters In mournmg
for Sse-kouang
antI-tao, antl-bhud, antl-Ngan
whose rules had worked . 20 years
till Sse-kouang reversed 'em
Students went bhud rather than take Kung via Ngan, Flood relIef, due to Ngan)
? Joker somewhere')
came Tsal Kmg pro-Ngan, probably crooked and they put Ngan's plaque In a temple
HOEI went taozer, an' I suppose Tsal ran to state usury The tartar lord
wanted an alphabet
by name Akouta, ordered a wrItten tongue for KIn tartars
And a fox walked Into the Imperial palace and took hIS seat on the throne
a mad man ran shrIekIng change, tartars more tartars tartars pass over Hoang-ho
And they used paper notes when cOin was too heavy for
and redeemed those notes at one thIrd/ And there were ever all sorts of dIsturbers For there were the tartars, Khltan, that had
taken the old Turk's country,
and these tartars are called also Leao And there are KIn tartars, that were under Akouta
and these are called also Nutche, from nOlth of Corea, and there were the hordes of Ghenglz (TAI-TSOU, Temougln)
of whom was CHI-TSOU or Koublal
Hoang ho, Hoang ho, tartars pass over Hoang ho SUNG died of taxes and guncracks
Mongrels m fish-skm (shagreen, or shark's skm)
till I 157 the Km used com made In China
and OuIo stopped swappmg suk for the toys of Hla,
saId men cannot eat Jewels
Oulo of Km, greatest of KIn, under hIm were books set
II it 1177
In hiS reIgn were only 18 beheaded but hIS brat was run by hIS miSSUC;
and they had an IdeologIcal war
C medIocrity's chIldhood lasts Into mIddle age'
299
transport
mto Nutche
? they brought out a text book on mUSIC GHINGIZ (Tchlnkls) hearIng of alphabets
hearIng of mores and saw a green unIcorn speakmg
fumee malIgne In the underground 12. 19 saId Yehu Tchutsal tax, don't extermInate
you WIll make more 1? you tax 'em thIS was a new Idea to the mongols
who wanted to turn all land Into grazIng
and saw no use for human mhabltants
these mongrels beln' 'orsemen
Ten percent tax on WIne, three and I/3rd on neceSSItIes
mohammeds say drfferent make more anyhow If you tax 'em
SUNG fallmg, Antzar went agaInst KIn by Tang and Teng, let 'em pass
3? 0
? LVI
LLETS' blgliettl, as COIn was too heavy for transport, Bbut redeemed the stuff at one thIrd
And Ou-KIai had another swat at the tartars and licked 'em
And Yu-Tchong, governor of KI. Llgtcheou In the Chensl said my spIes have told me etc/
easy to start a war,
not easy to finIsh one
SUNG dIed of levyIng taxes
guncracks, SUNG dIed under HOEI the sltder,
And there was a man named TchinkIs In Tartary hearIng of alphabets, morals, mores
and a man named Yellu-Tchutsal Yellu apaokl Ouanyen akouta,
of KIn, of Khltan, and Genghls of Yuen,
hearIng of alphabets
and Yehu Tchutsal saId to Ogotal
tax, don't extermInate You'll make more by taXIng the bl1ghters
thus saved several ml11yum lIves of those chmamen BOJars thought land was for grazmg
ten percent tax on hooch, 3-J-rd on necessItIes And they trIed to stop the Tartars on Hoang Ho
day falls lIke a flutterIng flag
East prmces went by the valley of box wood
tocoverMtKualWIth apalace c There 18 " saId the T aozers,
t A medIcme that gIves ImmortalIty' and shIps sent (11 Sao) to Japan
Mt Tal Haku IS 300 mIles fronl heaven lost In a forest of stars,
Slept on the pme needle carpet 3? 1
? sprmkled horse blood
praymg no brave man be born among Mongols
JO Ouen yan Tchln hochang of KIn
YAO, CHUN, YU controller of waters BrIdge bUIlders, contrIvers of roads
gave grain to the people kept down the taxes
Hochang, eunuchs, taoists and ballets nIght-clubs, gimcracks, debauchery
Down, down' Han IS down
Sung IS down Hochang, eunuchs, and taozers
empresses' relatives, came then a founder sayIng nothIng superfluous
cleared out the taozers and grafters, gave graIn
opened the mountaIns
Came taozers, hochang and debauchery
And lltteratl fought fiercer than other men to keep out the
drlftmg dung-dust from the North Hochang southward lIke rabbIts
half a mIllIon In one prOVInce only mus mgens, Ingens, noll meum granum comedere
No slouch ever founded a dynasty DIed Kin Lusiang, hIstorIan and ConfUCIan all mulberrIes frozen In Pa Yang
Where were two mIllIon trees and beyond that Lltterati fought fiercer than other men
Hall breakmg the trees and walls
In I-Tchlng-tcheou
Crops gone
AgaInst Ogotal's catapults Nlk-la-su used powder
May the whIte bIrds remember thIS warrIor, good at lOgIstICS Ozm (Wodm) Yourlak had 'em set out mulberry trees
302
mogul
? Ghenso was for no taxes, grew up as a labourer A hundred chI of rIce for ten denars
that IS an 1/. 2. ounce of slIver ZmKwa observed tllat gold IS InedIble Stored graIn agaInst famIne
observed that Jade IS InedIble And they used InvIsIble wrItIng
In Ten Bou's tune came a whIte phoenIX and In this time was Yehu Tchutsal
Meng Kong stIll held agaInst Mogois Han, Lang, Ouen, Kong,
MIe, Klen, Tchong, Kmg
Fou, Pong, Chun KIng
gone Vendome, Beaugency, Notre Dame de Clery,
and they took law against YelIu, but hIs leavIng was 13 flutes, hIs lute and hIs lIbrary
to refute charge of embezzlement And after hIm ched Meng Kong
KUJak was crowned
And the first day they put on theIr whIte clothes and the second day red robes
and the thIrd day were all lords In VIolet,
scarlet the fourth day, and KUJak went agaInst Hungary made war on Poland, on PrUSSIa
and Mengko took off taxes
And In Cal Fang they made a graIn dIVIdend
and gave InstructIon In farmIng ploughs, money, ammaSSl
YAO, SHUN, YU, Kung
TCHIN QUANG, OUEN, Ghenglz Khan
And Mengko went Into Bagdad, went Into Kukano
and dIed by the wall at Ho-tcheou Ogotal reIgned for nme years
3? 3
? ad
1225/65
Kubial ascended Mt Hianglou
the KIang full of war Junks
that SUNG thought securIty LI TSONG belIeved hIs news serVIce
wrongly
Kublal before hIm
and about hun damned rascals, courtezans, palace
Cliques, easy wars without Justice
And Kublal said Sung laws very beautiful
unlIke theIr conduct Klasse harmed SUNG more than Mongols
North IS the cradle of mongols
Pasepa gave them their alphabet
1000 words mongol, and 41 letters
SUNG sank by Yal Island The line of Ghenglz called YUEN
ad 1278 this dynasty mo'gol
Hoang-ho's fount In a sea of stars
Quang tchl slew Ahama Ouen Tlenslang was faIthful
War scares Interrupt commerce Money was now made of brass and profit on arms went to the government
WIne taxed high, settlers lIcensed
Lou-chi brought back the grafters (Ahama's)
and boosted the tea tax
Tchm-kln dIsgusted by the SIze of the tax receIpts
and L Sleuen staved off a war With Japan staved off a war on Annam
saId Taxes are not abundance
Yellu resumed the Imperial college, gathering scholars
KUBLAI Was a buggar for taxes Sangko stinkIng WIth graft
Ouantse made a law code
elIminated 250 tribunals, that mostly dId nowt but tax
ad 1295 KUBLAI d1ed heavy With years
hiS luck was good mInIsters, save for the treasury
3? 4
women
? C As hunger alone drove them to brIgandage they wd/ continue bandIts tIll fed'
ThIS known In the tIme of TIMOUR The last SUNG fled In what was left of a navy
went down m sea waves, came mongols
of Ghenglz
rose KUBLAI
HIA, CHANG, TCHEOU
were great lInes tIll Kungfutseu
Then were HAN T<;IN
T ANG SUNG
Then these mongols or YUEN
Ghenglz, Ogotal, KUBlAI KHAN
that carne Into EmpIre
From the Isle of Yal, no more SUNG countIng
and mogols stood over all ChIna
89 years more tIll MING came, 1368
that IS from GhengIz an hundred and 60 (Cambuskm) And In south prOVInce Tchln Tlaouen had rIsen
and took the CIty of Tchang tcheou
offered marrIage to Ouang ChI,
who saId It IS an honour
I must first bury Kanouen H IS body IS heavy HIS ashes were lIght to carry
BrIght was the flame for Kanouen
Quang ChI cast herself Into It, FaIthful forever HIgh the hall TIMOUR made her
And In the 8th moon the publIc works and corvee department presented GIN TSONG a volume on mulberry culture
by MIao Haoklen where he explains m detaIl the
grOWIng of sIlk worms and of unwIndIng cocoons
be 202 ad 265 ad 618 ad 950
3? 5
? IlJ
1312/20
and the Emperor had this engraved wIth all dIagrams and distributed throughout all China
nor had any emperor more care to :find men of merIt- dOIng what KUBLAI had Intended-
than had Alullpata called GIN TSONG (AlgIaptou khan) honourIng Kung wIth the rites
And his son dIed of assasSins
died of the gang of TlemoutIer, lamas, foes,
shIt and religIon always stInking In concord Came Jason agamst these assaSSInS
came CHUNTI last of the mogul
Two mIllion families went down In famine
blood rained on the high land
green hair came down lIke rain HanJong levelled the temples
hIS folk burst mto JOy
to put land back under tillage
CHUNTI came to the college, as had not In 1. 1 years of reIgn gave a SlIver seal to Kung's eplgon
but gangsters continued
a pU"ate declIned to turn mandarIn,
a comet exploded In Pleiades Hoang-ho shIfted Its bed
and they said that the Mile Buddha had come down to turn out the mogul,
pseudo-Sung put on red hats
Tlenouan beat the rebels, Talpou was killed by rebels
Slngkl respected
and the lamas put on a ballet for CHUNTI
In Ivory headgear
castagnettes crmkhng and clackIng, and a Tang dance
Without fancy clothes Kongpel saId to Toto Don't open dIspatches
Dragon barge drIfted WIth musIc Statue poured water amldshlp
306
? SpIrIts struck the nIght watches
they say CHUNTI Invented thIs clockwork
The Red Caps called theIr candIdate Mmg Ouan as If emperor
Left monkhood and put manhood on
to end the lme of GhengIz khan
Yuentchang ceased bemg hochang took Ito Yen wIthout pIllage
and passed over Klang rIver
conquered the TalpIng prOVInce
Comet m Tchang star, over Tal Mlng shone the meteor broom-shaped
Mmg commg out of South Country, In 35 years' dIssolution CHUNTI ceased from the throne
DIed YukiOU of more than ten wounds Now m Chang-tou was rUIn
the hIgh house of KUBLAI cast down Came MIng slowly, a thousand, an hundred thousand
the pIrate Kouetchln came to hun
At court, eunuchs and grafters
among mongols no man trusted other The empress' folk In Corea kIlled off kmg Peyen Of MING were now 2. 00,000
that fought three days In the boat fight there by lake Peyan
to Hoang Ho the rIver YeougIn and the Tchlng brothers
ttll Leou Lean was arrowed
And they left Tchln-II hIS father's treasure
but took hIS graIn for the people Came MING thus to K. 1anKlng, say 1368 For crnne after TIMOUR the mandate
left YUEN mongols
No slouch ever founded a dynasty
From Ghenglz were 8 score years until MING time 3? 7
? SaId now YUENTCHANG
SUIS fils d'un pauvre labourelLt
In a vIllage of Ssetcheou In the provmce of Klangnan at seventeen was made shavelIng
then enrolled under Tsehing the captain ThIS IS called DestIny
Schlcksal to brIng peace to the EmpIre Ll, Su, Tong and I
were four musketeers
We were workmen m the same VIllage we were plam sOJers together
If we can take Chantong prOVInce, we can take PekIn (and dId so, 1368)
HesaIdtoSuTa Doasyoudeem
CHANG, CHOU, and HAN rose by talents
Once we four were lucky to have even canvas coats Mongols are fallen
from lOSIng the law of Chung NI (ConfucIus)
HAN came from the people
How many fathers and husbands are fallen Make census
GIve rIce to their famlhes
Give them money for rItes
Let rich folk keep thetr goods by them
Let the poor be provided
I came not agamst YUEN
but agaInst grafters and rebels
I rebelled not agaInst KUBLAI, not agaInst Ghenglzkhan
but against lIce that ate theIr descendants TAl TSONG
KAO TSEU
TAl TSOU
and now HONG YOU three hundred, three hundred
308
? each had 300 years by the mandate five cycles of 60 years
Mongols were an Interval
YAO
SHUN
HAN
TeHEU
- -J:: /C
t Once agam war IS over Go talk to the savants'
He gave fur coats to the troops In Nlnghla
Showed no zenophobla Moguls wd/ not have chmese In office In Pekin he paid the soldiers
To peasants he gave allotments
gave tools and yoke oxen
No eunuchs to serve save as domestIcs
C Don't belIeve all you are told by officials
C I suggest " saId HONG VOU, t that you get a faculty
a good faculty before IncreaSIng the number of students' 3? 9
? He dechned arab cosmetics
Capn Ye-ouang bUilt an Ice wall
to keep off the Yuen
whIch they took for a real wall
t Coreans are gentle by nature'
and that year the Emperor dIed
Five planets were In conjunction
In '84 dIed General LI-ouen, In '85 Su Ta
In 1386 peace
HONG VOU declmed a treatise on ImmortalIty
offered by Taozers, Et En l'an trentunleme de son EmpIre
l'an SOIxante de son eage HONG VOU voyant ses forces aff'olbllr
dlct Que la vertu t'InSplre, Tchu-ouen Vous, mandanns fideles, lettres, gens d'1. rmes
Aidez mon petIt-fils a soutenlr La dlgnlte de cest pOUVOlr
Ie pOlds de son office Et comme au PrInce aUEN TI
Jadls des HAN Falctes mOl mes funeraJ. 11es
310
? LVII
D when KtEN QUEN was throned AhIS uncle set to unthrone hIm, sayIng
As Teheou-kong looked after Tchlng-ouang his nephew
protect hun from the gUiles of hIs mInIsters And when the palace cd/ no more hold out
they remembered a box left by HONG YOU whereIn was wrItten
Go out by the gate of Kouemen
Under nIght dark, follow the aqueduct tIll you come to the
temple of ChIn Lo-koan
And In the red chest was habIt of hochang and dIploma of hochang
Nme men went WIth KIEN aDEN TI
and at Kouemen gate, messlre Ouangchln, the taOIst
beat WIth hIs head on the ground, cryIng Ouan SOUl may you lIve for 10,000 years
HONG VOU came to me In a VISIon
saYing go to the gate at Kouemen
and that I row you to Chln-Io-koan
Were nIne mandarIns, were Yang-long and Ye Hmlen that went thus With KIEN TI, took monkhood,
and he was wanderIng for 35 years until YNG-TSONG from one hIdmg place to another
YONG LO dId 2. 0 years heavy police work
To whom came an envOI from Bengal
And Malacca came Into our EmpIre,
And YANG LO commanded a (' summa' that IS that the gIst of the books be corrected And Mahamou sent In trIbute of horses
GIN TSONG was ten months on the throne Under tartars had all gone feudal And In 1430 was peace
a J 1403
311
ad 1409 ad 1415
? Came YNG-TSONG a chIld of eight years, eunuchs as wet-rot In the palace
HONG VOU restored ImperIal order yet now came again eunuchs, taozers and hochang
Armourers worked day and nIght YUKIEN burnt the forage round Pekin
against tartar horses thIs was m days of KING TI
Fan-kuang took burnIng arrows and lances of the sort that one throws
Ye&len, Peyen, Tlemour came up under the walls at Pekin Che-heng and Yuk. len were defenders
t no longer amused by theIr promises' In '52. was Emperor's grain ration
for famine In Honan, for famine In Shantung a million SIX hundred thousand measures of grain
And for war they made 15 foot carrochs
wIth a case slung below for prOVISIons
(VIde ValturlO)
and a cannon to forrard, a turret bordered with lances we had a thousand such carrochs
countIng they wd/ fill a field of four Iz
and these were never brought Into actIon
ad 1459 Died Yuklen the restorer, that had so vIle a reward by his own hand, In prIson
Che-heng turned to magIcians a man full of hImself
Now were the new maps publIshed There was a rebellIon
of eunuchs
HIEN TSONG the Idolater dId posthumous honour to Yuklen decreed Kungfutseu was an Emperor
to be so held In all rItes,
Drove out the taozers and hochang
yet for one eunuch, Hoal-ngan, one might forgive many
eunuchs
? Tho' they trIed a star chamber
and held It all of four years
tIll HIEN TSONG removed them another Lord seeking elixIr
seekIng the transmutatIon of metals seekmg a word to make change
HOAI of SUNG was nearly rurned by taozers HIEN of TANG died seeking ehxlr
and In '97 they made a law code
a bear walked mto PekIn unnoticed though they strafed the watch for allowmg It and there were 53 mIllIon folk m the EmpIre at trIbute average of five measures
of, say, 100 lbs each
c au TI of LEANG, HOEl-TSONG of SUNG were more than all other Emperors
Laoist and foelst, and came both to an evu end To hell wIth the pyramid
YAO and SHUN lIved WIthout any such monument TCHEOU KONG and Kungfutseu certaInly wd/ not have
ordered one
nor wIll It lengthen YR MAJESTY'S days
It WIll shorten the lIves of YR subjects
they WIll, many of 'em, dIe under new taxes:'
DIed HIAO TSONG aged 36, after peace and hIs 18 years
on the throne
And 8 bloody eunuchs conspIred WIth LIeu,
II d 1105
31 3
? thunderbolt fell, naturally, on the palace
From HONG VOU were an hundred and forty years
tIll now au TSONG, a minor,
and 140 would be tIll the MANCHU, new mongol And when Lleou-J. . . . ln the castrat Was artested they found 10 hIS bUIldIngs
gold bars 2 4 0 thousand, of about 1 0 tael each I 5 ffillhons 10 money
5 mtlhon bars SlIver, of about 50 tael each
2. measures of unset Jewels thus shakmg the Emperor's confidence
In I 512. came t bachelors men " that were horse thIeves DIed au TSONG the lazy
And the Empress chose CHI-TSONG successor
who was son (aine) of the second son of the Emperor
HIEN TSONG
he was a writer of verses,
In fact he saId he wdj lIke to reSIgn
and she (TCHANG CHI) told them to lay hold of Klang-pIng and they found In hIS cellarage
70 . 1 500 400 not to count
caskets of gold
thousand . 2. 00 caskets of SlIver caskets of mIxed
great plates, gold and stIver SIlk of the first grade, pearIs,
cut stones and Jewels
Came agaIn Mansour the tartar
and tartars saId they wanted a market for horses lap saIlors drove chInks to embargo
C no trade save WIth our reg1t'Jcoles'
And were five planets In the constellatIon of Yng-che
"d 1536 CHI-TSONG dId rItes at the MING tombs on Mt Tlen-cheou
]aps burnt the salt works at Hal men 314
? Oua-chl led troops agaInst them
who called themselves (wolves of our Lady J
And Japs feared only thIs lady Oua-eM PIrates almost took Fou-klen
? L VIII
NBU put order In Sun land, Nippon, In the begmnmg
Swhere were DAI ttll Shogun Jorltomo
These Dal were of heaven descended, so saYing Gods were their forebears Till the Shogun
or crown general put an end to Internal wars
And DAI were but reges sacrlficlolz after this tune
In MIaco, wIth formalItIes
wearIng gold-flowered robes
At each meal was a new clay dIsh for their service C Descended from Ten Seo DAISIN
that had reIgned for a mIllIon years'
All these lords say they are of heaven descended
and they ran mto debt to keep up appearance
they were there busy wIth SCIences, poetry, hIstory
danCIng, In Mlaco, and mUSIC, playIng at Jeu de paume and
escrune
wIth a garrIson to keep watch on 'em
and to keep 'em from InterferIng wIth bUSIness
So came a t butler to a person of quahty' MeSSIre Undertree
a slave, In Sa Mo a fish-vendor a stud-keeper,
that made war on Corea
and was called WAR GOD post mortem
And because of the hauteur of
Portagoose prelates, they drove the Xtlans out of Japan
ttl! were none of that sect m the Island
? ad 1578 And In the 5th moon of the 2. oth year of OUAN LI
with shIps new condItIoned
Messire Undertree went agamst the Lord Lipan bOOZIng kIng of Korea
of all things
? and four towns opened theIr gates to the Nlppons and he, Undertree, came to Plnyang the chIef CIty
destroyIng the royal tombs
and the Koreans ran yo"lIng to ChIna
seekIng help of the emperor OVAN LI At thIs tIme were t the pirates Incorporate'
Ku ching the ImperIal tutor saId I wa. s seduced
by Imposters
CHIN SONG had come aged 10 to the throne
And 00 t'other side was the question of horse fairs, and tartars of whom were Nutche or savage,
these traded at Kalyuen
and the other great hordes, Pe and Nan-koan
that were beyond the great wall fighting each other and the Nutche gave refuge to mongols
when the mongrels were drIven from ChIna by MING lords and they were so poor they were dnven to peddlIng
ginseng, beaver pelts horse haIr
and fur of martes zibbelloe
seven such hordes unIted, and clrave MING before them But N utche of N ankoen, nrst fought the wIld N utche
In the 4th year of Suen Te
They stopped paymg trIbute 1430 or thereabouts and a dIplomat saId to the Tartars
You have lost yrl market for gInseng you have lost horse faIrs
by fightIng each other
And on t'other SIde, was Undertree makIng war m Korea
and Pere RICCI brought a clock to the Emperor that was set In a tower
And Ku Tchang wasn't safe, even burled,
Court ladles m cabal, gangsters set to defame him
ttll hIS son hanged hnnself from the worry 3I 7
? And the eunuchs of TIentsin brought Pere MatllIeu to court where the RItes answered
Europe has no bonds wIth our empIre and never receIves our law
As to these Images, pIctures of god above and a vIrgIn
they have lIttle mtrInSlC worth Do gods rIse boneless to heaven that we shd/ belIeve your bag of theIr bones)
The Han Yu trIbunal therefore consIders It useless
to brIng such noveltIes Into tIle PALACE,
we consIder It 111 adVIsed, and are contrary
to receIvIng eIther these bones or pere MathIeu
The emperor CHIN TSONG receIved hun
ten thousand brave men, ten thousand desperate SIeges
lIke bells or a ghazel tleacherles, and romances,
and now the bull tanks dIdn't work
from the begInnIng of ChIna, great generals, faIthful adherents, To echo, desperate SIeges, sellouts
bloody reSIstance, and now the bull tanks dIdn't worh. SIeges from the begInnIng of tIme untIl now
SIeges, court treasons and lazlIless
AgaInst order, lao, bhud and lamas,
night clubs, empresses' relatIves, and hoang mIao, pOIsonIng lIfe WIth mirages, rUlnmg order, TO KALON And Tl Koen heard crIes from the forest
whence came the bull tanks
came great cars bUIlt lIke shIps fifteen feet hIgh
by a hundred, three decl\. ers
carrIed on great wheels of stone
drawn each by an hundred or mo. . . e hundred oxen But Tchu-ye and his men
made theIr sortIe
Cast petards that frIghtened the oxen,
318
? thereby v,. at C:lI S '" ere turned over and Tchu-ye's men slaughtered the slcgers
HOAI TSONG fell before tartars, 5 ly from Tsunhoa T. A. I TSONG of Manchu took them the law from China
forbad manchus marry thelr sIsters Yellow belt for the Emperor
red belt for the prIncess of blood Told all to cut off theIr pig tails
and south Mlng had to fear mOle from rottenness InsIde than from the Mancllu north and north east
LI koen viceroy had spent all this money, 110t payIng the troops
who turned bandIt
And the Lord of MANCHU wrote to the MING lord saYing
We took arms agaInst oppreSSIon
and fron"l fear of oppression
not that we WIsh to rule over you
When In Suen fou I met WIth YR officers
I sacrIficed on thIs oath, a blacl{ bull to earth a white horse to the SpIrIt of Heaven
although they were qUite subordinate officers I dId this from respect to YR PERSON
to show that we wanted peace
Whereto all my actIons have tended
I offered to extradIte crInllnals
to give back droves stolen
And to thIs offer I had no answer I don't mean no proper answer
I had no answer whatever
And Kong Yeou came to JOIn TAl TSONG
and Tal sent an hetmall to greet thIs Kong, rebel, who came WIth boats arms munItIons and furnIture,
an hundred thousand folk came WIth Kong Yeou
319
as peace oath
? And TAl TSONG said No taltars favoured of heaven have stayed boxed wIthIn theIr own customs
Moguls took letters from lamas I a free lord wIthout overlord
wIll adopt such law as I lIke, In my right to adopt It I take letters from ChIna
which IS not to say that I take orders from any man I take laws, but not orders
Thereafter he graded hIS officers Aba tehan, Maen tehan, Tlhah tchan
on mandarIn system
and four more Islands came to hIm
and he TAl set exams In the ChInese manner for 16 bachelors, first class
3I bachelors, seconds, and I 8I thIrds and he made a BerlItz, Manchu, chInese and mongul
and gave prIzes, and camped neAt year Kourbang tourha
Here Mongrels came to hIm, and thence Into China southward by gorges
the gorges of Ho-ehe near Ton,
and by Tal ehen gorge west of Taltong nammg Chensl as next place of muster
(TAI TSONG, son of TAl TSOU, ruling from Mougden)
162 5/35
Chose learnIng from Yao, Shun and Kungfutseu,
from Yu leader of waters
And 111 the seventh moon thIs monarch of Tartary commg near unto Suen-hoa-fou wrote to the governor
Your sovran treats me as enemy WIthout askIng what forces Iny actIon
you are, Indeed, subjects of a great realm
but the larger that empIre, the more shd/ It strIve toward peace If chIldren are cut off from parents
If WIves can not see thelr husbands
1? yr houses are devast and your rIches carrIed away
320
? thIS IS not of me but of mandarIns
Not I but yr/ emperor slaughters you
and yr/ overlords who take no care of yr/ people and count soldiers as nothIng
And toward the end of the 8th moon
Tengyun sent In dIspatches I have beaten the tartars
I have slaughtered great numbers Wluch he had not. Whereup T A l TSaNG wrote hIm I WIll send a thousand
to meet any ten thousand If you fear to rIsk that, send a thousand
I wIll meet them wIth an hundred
HopIng thIS WIll teach you not to lIe to your Emperor And after the next raId offered peace
And after vain waltmg an answer
HIS tartar folk agaIn asked hIm to be Emperor and he saId If the KIng of Corea accepts me Whereon the Tartars wrote the KIng of Korea
EIght ROYAL PRINCES OF MANCHU 18 great lords of our banners to the KIng of Corea As heaven appears to deSIre It
we accept our KIng to be Emperor haVIng begged hun to take thIS mandate
The Mogul prInces have JOIned us HONG VOU brought the land under one rule Before hIm the KIn were unIted
and after them was YUEN, entIrety
And the Mongols wrote to Corea
49 PRINCES MOGUL, to the KIng of Corea 200 years under MING
and now turn agamst them because of the crimes of their mandarIns
we Jom Manchu to make end of oppreSSIon The weakness of the Mtng troops, the faithlessness
321
of theIr commanders
? show that theIr MANDATE IS fallen
we now recognize TAl TSONG of MANCHU
Our blood In hIS service
For two years Vie have besought hIm to take IMPERIAL tItle Four hundred thousand Mogul, theIr qUIvers and arrows
are back of thIS
And Corea replIed In the negatIve And next year T AI TSONG took throne thIrd moon, 1635 anno domInI
Put the three races In office as moguls after Ghengis had not done
and contInued the raIdIng
round Peking, Into Shantung (galhce Chantong)
and Into Kiangnan, returnIng WIth plunder
Thus untIl Ousan InVIted them to put down the rebels
RIce was at one mark SlIver the measure In Kal fong
and human meat sold m market
LItse's gangsters over all Honan
Ll Sao weep, weep over Kalfong, Klentsong the bloody and Litse called hImself I:mperol
MIng troops were unpaId
Eunuchs devoured the taxes, the Prune mInIster
could not get hold of tl). em
And the castrats opened the gates of Pekm to rebels tIll HOEl dIed hung In hIS belt
and there was blood In t1e palace LI Sao, Ll Sao,
wrong never endIng Likoue faIthful to death, and then after
and In thIS day Ousan asked In the 11anchu TAl TSONG was dead these two years,
hiS brotrers ruhng as counsel Atrox MING, atrox finIS
the nine gates were 111 flame 322
? Manchu wIth Ousan put down many reLels Ousan offered to payoff these Manchu
who replIed then wIth courtesy
we came for Peace not for payment
came to brIng peace to the Empire 1Il Pekm they cried aUAN SOUl
a thousand, ten thousand years, A NOI elJen, ouan SOUl, Ousan, Ousan
peace maker Ousan, In the rIver, reeds, :flutes murmured Ousan
Brought peace Into ChIna, brought In the Manchu Lltse thought to gaIn Ousan,
roused Ousan and Ousan remembered hIs father
dead by the hand of Litse 'TaO' &5' EXEL
? LIX
E lIbro CHI-KING SIC censeo
D wrote the young MANCHU, CHUN reHI
less a work of the mInd than of affects '
brought forth from the Inner n'lture here sung m these odes
Urbanity In externals, V! rtU m Internals some In a high style for the rItes
some In humble,
for Emperors, for the people
all thIngs are here brought to preCISIons
that we shd/ learn our IntegrIty
that we shd/ attam our IntegrIty
Ut anlmum nostrum purget, ConfucIus alt, dlrlgatque ad lumen ratlonlS
per1? etuale effecto/
That this book keep us In due bounds of office
the norm
show what we shd/ take Into action,
what follow within and persIstently CHI KING ostendlt mCltatque VIr autem rectus et hbldlnls expers Ita domine servat
WIth faIth, never trIcky, obsequatur parentis nunquam deflectat
all order comes Into such norm
19Itur melS encomllS, therefor thIs preface
CHUN TCHI anna undeceslmo
(ad 1655)
perlplum, not as land looks on a map
but as sea bord seen by men sallIng
Now tarters In the murk night
sent great numbers of sOJers wIth lanthorns whIch they held up very hIgh
32. 4
? and thus spread lIght on proceedmgs causmg great fear In N ankmg
so the last mlngsters fled out by the Tcll1nklang road And the amnural put to sea thInkIng perhaps that
a few mInutes more resistance
wd/ be of no mortal use And on the tenth came an officer
to say that the port was In tartar hands But MILord the PrInce and hIs eatIng companIons were In no shape to take m the message
They weren't sober ttll the followIng lDldnlght whereon they skedaddled
And the Nankmgs set up a new emperor
And the order to off pIgtaIls stIffened resIstance
put new guts Into mlngsters
Kouel born to III fortune
no mmgster cd/ trust any other, cd/ agree wIth any SIX othels
utI11te pubhque, motIf trop eleve for VIle courtIers
and when the young MANCHU was 14 they gave hIm to
WIfe a mogul
and took In GalIleo's astronomy, chucked the mohametan
And there came a hong-mao or red-headed Dutchman And the portagoose to Macao
and they say that the Emperor CHUN TCHI died of sorrow, for the death of one of hIS queens
an officer's WIfe who had risen
And the four regents put eunuchs out of hIgh office a thousand purged out of palace
2nd a half ton block of Iron InscrIbed
Let there be no Eunuch In office hereafter And In '64 they putt out the Xtlans
Portageese were confined to Macao
Thus KANG HI 32 5
a J 1645
? who played the SpInet on Joh! 'nle Bach's bIrthday
do not exaggerate/ he at least played on some such mstrument and learned to pIck out several tunes (european)
and were demarked the hOlders of RussIa
wIth a portagoose and a frog prIest to Interpret
to whom each a robe brocaded wIth dragons
but not embroldeled
and short coats of martIn, satIn IInmg, gold buttons PereIra and Gerbilion
m1. de mandarms second order
And that embassy went out VIa Mt PaUCIty
and paId VISIt to the ho fo, the lama who dIes not
as he sat on a paIr of great Cusl110ns
one brocade and the other plaIn yellow who blessed them wIth tea and a luncheon
and In another room assez mal propre
sIngmg hIS prayers was anothel
and In yet another temple apartment another saId frankly he dIdn't see how he cd/ have lIved In another body before thIS and In any case had no such remembrance
but only the ho /o's word
and they went on toward the Hans of Kalkas where they got order to turn about and come home
was a war on between Eleutes and Kalkas
and to tell the Oros (the 0 Rosslans) to meet 'em at Sehnga or some other place on the frontIer
to determine frontiers
which they accomplIshed next year at Nlpchou
WIth these anlbassadors were a lot of domestics five thousand 800 sOJers
and a spot of artillery
who all passed the gt wall at Cha houkoen
And KANG walked to hiS grandmother's funeral a dJ. stance of 500 Iy from the capItal
326
? And thIs embassy was concernIng the Amur frontIer comIng from Petersburg
but we wanted our martIn sables, our huntIn'
that was on the north sIde of the Amur
where are mountaIns and great lakes In the valleys
Year 18th of KANG HI, under the 7th moon
was thIs treaty In latin With COpIes In tartar and mUSCovIte and the chll1ks swore by the god of Xtlans
thInkIng nothmg else wd/ have more force WIth the muscovltes C To spare further bloodshed on our frontIers
we here near the town of Nlpchou
swear peace solId, eternal state that boundary stones shall be set
Pray we to the GOD of all thIngs who seeth our hearts
that 1? any man here have reservatIon or plot hIS own profit
In VIolence to thiS treaty he die before he reach a rIpe age
So the e:lVoys
embraced to the musIc of Instruments
and the rhooslans (Oroslans) served a sort of lunch to the chInese ambassadors
conn. tures and three sorts of wme
VIntage of europe
and thIS was due to the frog and the portagoose
Gerblilon and PereIra
to Gerblllon In the most crItical moment
that he kept theIr tempers ttll they came to conclUSIon
? LX
O the Jesuits brought In astronomy S(Gahleo's, an heretIc's)
mUSIC and physIcs from Europe,
GrImaldI, Intorcetta, Verblest, Koupehn Subject of yr/ Majesty,
prescnbed of the trIbune of rItes
True that the Europeans have passed zealously many dangers and have brought us astronomy, and founded Cannon
whIch have served us In CIVIl wars,
and that one shd/ reward theIr serVIces In negotIatIng WIth
the ORoslans
They have not made any trouble
We permIt lamas, hochangs and taotses to go to
theIr churches It wdj seem unwarranted to forbid only these Europeans
to go to theIr temples We deem therefore that they be so permItted
mdiscrunmate to pray and burn perfumes
3rd day 2nd moon of the 3Ist year of liANG HI 17 grandees of the EmpIre, whereof eleven cabInet mInIsters
of thiS EMPEROR
Les peres GerbllIon, Fourteres, Bournat
took qUInIne to the palace, anno domIni 1693
Hence the JeSUIt church In Pek. 1n In the Hoang Tchang
that IS the palace enclosure And Feyenkop? In the Kaldan war
was fightIng Eleutes and Mohamedans and the Emperor shot S1X quaIl de suzte WIth SIX arrows
and sent the Crown PrInce an Eleute horse
saymg I don't know that chInese beal1 fodder WIll SUIt hIm HerewIth some Kalkas sheep for prIme mutton
yr affectIonate father KANG HI
32. 8
? Hoang Ho IS frozen In fact the Ortes country seems to be pretty much as we thought It In PekIn,
small hunan' qUIte pleasant, a lot of pheasants and hares pasturage excellent Hoang Ho fruz 112. a ft thIck
Ortes very orderly, have lost none of thelr mongol habits, theIr prmces In concord, no usury
Clever especially In lookIn' after their anImals,
clumsy bowmen, but hIt theIr mark
And General Feyenkopf wrote hIm
that the Eleutes had caved In
and KANG HI gave a fur cap to the envoy and hiS (KANG HI'S) horse sweat pInk
as In legend the horses of Taouen land, the Tien ma, or horses of heaven
and thiS horse m partIcular had been taken In the battle of Tchaomed
and they had a grand show In Pekin for next new year's Mongols, Kaldans and Eleutes
C It IS easy after thIS to be sure
that all lamas are traItors
Keep these prIsoners In separate rooms,
sold to the TIpa who IS a liar I have taken the sun 380 34'
I e one degree 2. 0 less here than m PekIn '
KANG HI Dogs bark only at strangers And at Pa1chen
KANG m was pleased wIth the pasture land, delayed hIS return to the capItal,
stayed stag-huntmg outsIde the great wall whue Kalda had grabbed Samarkand and
Bokara for the mohammeds 1699 peace year In all Tartary
GrImaldi, PereIra, Tony Thomas and GerbI110n sent In theIr placet SIC
European htteratl
? having heard that the ChInese rItes honour Kung-? u-tseu and offer sacrIfice to the Heaven etcJ
and that theIr ceremonIes are grounded In reason
now beg to know theIr true meaning and In partIcular the meanIng of terms for example MaterIal
Heaven and Changtl meanIng' Its ruler";) Does the manes of ConfucIus
accept the grain, fruIt, stlk, Incense offered
and does he enter hIs cartouche">
The European church wallahs wonder 1? thl~ can be reconcued And the archblsh of AntIoch spent a year In Canton
mousmg round but not comIng to PekIn
but was, next year, permItted,
MonseIgneur Maillard de Tournon
from C! enlens, papa (Number XI) the Klao Hoang and the Portagoose kIng sent an envoy
and they cured I(ANG HI WIth wine from the CanarIes
w'lch putt 'em up a Jot hIgher And too much rIce went to BatavIa
so our lord KANG layed an embargo (a bIt before Tommy Juffusun)s)
and a tsong-plng or second class mandarIn putt up a petItIon
AGAINST Europes and Xtlanlty That there had been nIne red boats Into Macao
Dutchmen, red-heads or Englanders
Japan, sez Tchmg mao, IS the only conSIderable kingdom
to east of us
and Japan kept peace even all through the great Mlng rebelhon Slam and TonkIn pay trIbute,
only danger to us IS from these Europeans
by Hong-mao I mean any nordIC barbarIan
there are Yenkell and Yntsa (meanm' froggtes) and Holans
all equally barbarous
33?
? I have knocked around at sea for some years and the Dutch are the worst of the lot of them,
porlik tlgurs,
theIr vessels stand any Wind and Calty a hundred cannon
1? ten of 'em get Into Canton
who knows what cd/ happen
I thInk we shdj stop thIs danger at source
or at least make 'em dIsarm before comIng Into our harbours or have 'em come In one at a tIme
or unlade In a fortress
They wormed mto Japan VIa ManIlla they have been
kIcked out but stIll try to get In agam
They spend money, gather the dregs of the people, make maps I don't know what they are up to
and that's not my prOVInce All I know IS they refuged In ManIlla
And now they are top dog In ManIlla
I rest my case In the trIbunals of En1plre trustIng that thIs bmd-weed wIll not be permItted
to root In and fortIfy Humbly to yr MAJESTY
Tching Mao, a sea captam Dug up edIct of '69
PERMIT only Verblest and hIS colleagues We vote to pardon all converts
provIded they pull down theIr churches, and agaIn May eleventh MISSIONARIES have well served In reformIng our
and In making us cannon
and they are therefore permItted to stay
and to practIce theIr own relIgIon but no chInese IS to get converted
and they are not to bUIld any churches
47 europeans have permIts
they may contmue theIr cult, and no others
331
mathematiCs
? Jesuits appealed that they be not confounded lVlth I>utchr. nen
Let stay, If wd/ promise never see Europe again vanous churches were levelled and
there came an embassy from PETER of Russia
172. 0
with cavalcade and drawn sabres
and a new bloke from the KIao-hoang of Roma
TIbet was brought under and '22. was a peace year
The Emp'r'r went huntIn' as usual
and tIger huntIn' In Haltse and dIed the 20th of thl~ month at 8 m the evenIng
C no DYNASTY has come In WIth such JustIce as ours has I have not wasted the treasures of empIre considermg them as the blood of the people
3 milhon a year on rIver embankments
I order that YONG TCHING succeed me
THOU SHALT NOT
lend money to sOJers Huntm' keeps manchu :fit
avoId the hot summer I n Pekm' He began taking trIpS Into Tartary
HIStory translated to manchu Set up board of translators Verblest, mathematIcs
PereIra professor of mUSIC, a treatIse In chInese and manchu Gerbillon and Bouvet, done In manchu
revIsed by the emperor as to questIons of style A dIgest of phIlosophy (manchu) and current
Reports on the memOlres des academIcs
des SCIences de ParIS
QUlnme, a laboratory set up m the palace
He ordered 'em to prepare a total anatomy, et qu'us velllerent a. la purete du langage
33. 2.
? et qu'on n'employat que des termes propres (namely CH'lng mmg)
En son Palals dlvers atehers
wanted the best European models
fer palntln' an' scuppchure, hts works In one hundred volumes wuz emperor KANG HI 61 years
from 1662. and came after hun
333
? LXI
ONGTCHING
YhIS fourth son, to honour hIs forebears
and SpIrIts of fields of earth
heaven
utIlIty publIC
sought good of the people, actIve, absolute, loved
No death sentence save a man were thrIce tned
and he putt out XtIanIty
chinese found It so Immoral
hIs mandarIns found thIs sect so l1llmoral
It The head of a sect' runs the law t who deceIves folk
4l by pretendIng rehglon, ought damn well to be strangled' No new temples for any hochang, taolsts or sl1l1tlars
SIC zn lege
False laws are that stu- up revolt by pretense of vIrtue Anyone but unpertment fakers wd have admItted
the truth of the Emperor's answer
What I say now I say as Emperor
Applied to thlS dally and all day
Not seemg my chJ1dren not seeIng the Empress tIll the tune of mournmg be ended
Xtlans bemg such slIders and lIars
PublIC kItchen m famIne
PublIC works for the unemployed, 1725,
a dole, nothmg personal agaInst GerbIllon and hIS
Xtlans are disturbIng good customs seekIng to uproot Kung's laws seekmg to break up Kung's teachmg Officers at Tlentslng
who faked rIce dlStributIon 334
colleagues, but
? and gave bad rIce to the needy
can damn well pay up what they have embezzled Lleu-yu-y, state examIner saId
Put magazInes In the 4 towns of Chan-sl (that there be set up a fondego)
Look whom you choose to admInIster
that these be not the overworked Governors
To keep out graft 1? any man have loaned rIce In secret A 100,000 pund capItal
wd/ mean ThIrty thousand great measures At moderate price we can sell In the spring
to keep the market prIce decent
And stIll brIng In a small revenue
which should be used for gettIng more next crop AMMASSI or sane collectIon,
to have bIgger provISIon next year,
that IS, augment our famIne reserve
and thus to keep the rIce fresh In store house
IN tIme of common scarclty, to sell at the Just prIce In extraordInary let It be lent to the people
and In great calanutIes, gIve It free
Lleou-yu-y
Approved by the EMPEROR
(Un rontego t')
And In every town once a year
to the most honest CItizens a dInner
at expense of the emperor no favour to men over women
Manchu custom very old, reVIved now by YONG TCHING An' wotk. lnmen thought of If proper m field work
get 8th degree button and
rIght to SIt at tea with the governor One, european, a paInter, one only admitted And Pope's envoys got a melon
. . Canto xxxv 335
? And they druv out Lon Coto fer graftln'
sent hun to confino to watch men breakln' ground He had boosted the salt prIce
And they receIved the volumes of history
wIth a pee-rade with portable cases like tabernacles the dynastIc hIstory wIth solemnIty
C I cant', had saId KANG HI
C ResIgn' saId VIctor Emanuel, you Count Cavour can resign at your convenIence
C To comfort the soul of my father
Emperor now defunct and In heaven', saId YONG TCHING, Don't thInk that soft talk IS wanted
you wrIte down what you take for the facts
call pork pork In your proposals
your brIefs shd/ be secret and sealed and our Emperor
WIll publIsh at hIs discretIon
Eleventh month 23rd day for ceremonial ploughIng
(1 take It december) Out by the Old Worker's Hill
YONG ploughed half an hour
three prInces, nIne presIdents dId theIr stuff and the peasants In gtl mass sang the hymns
befittmg thIS field work as writ m LI KI In the old days
And they sowed gram and m autumn the graIn of that :field was for ceremonIal purposes put In sacks of Impenal
yellow as fit for thiS purpose
c You Chrlsters wanna have foot on two boats
and when them boats pulls apart
you Will din well gIt a wettlo' , saId a court mandarIn tel1m~ 'em
And they set up a yellow pavilIon
wIth a buffet beneath It And the dIshes and the court SlIver
and m deep sIlence sounded suddenly trumpets 336
? and musIC for the Emperor YONG TCHING
and Dom Metello and the Europeans went to their places a cushIon for Dom Metello
and the Emperor's WIne was brought In, whIch he offered to Dam Metello
who knelt, drank, and returned to h1S cushion
whereon they offered hIm fruIt plIed hIgh In a pyramid and the Emperor YONG saId take him somewhere where
It IS cooler
So they dined hun and showed him a comedy
and gave hIm seven trunks of stuff for hunself
and 35 for the Portagoose boss who had sent hIm
1e he wuz honoured but cdn't spJ11 proppergander
and the chmk grandees took hIm down the canal
With a dInner cooked by the chefs of the Palace
and hIS trappIngs up- (as they say) -held the honour of Europe
and as to Sounou beIng Xtlan, he wuz probably also a conspIracy But the populatIon of Yun-nan was growmg
and the prIce of gram kept gOln' up
Lot of land undeveloped
so they opened It
tax exemptIon for SIX years on good rIce land
and for ten years on dry
and honours In proportIon to
how much a bloke wd put under culture button 8th class for enough, and dIplomas
for 15 arpens A peasant got two bouquets for hIS cap and a cramOlSI scarf and a band to walk home wrff And a boost for any mandarIn
that wd stake out new settlers 800,000 In doles
a mIllIon on canal reparatIons
Good of the empire of any part of the empIre concerns every mandarIn
no matter where he IS located 337
? It IS lIke a famIly affalr
Ghost frIghtens no honest ninn No house IS durable If perched on yr neIghbor's rUIn An honest peasant IS a prognostIC
wrote YONG TCHING passIng In SIlence the other t prognistics' of the
Governor'5 letter Men are born wIth a fund of rIghtness you Will
find good men In any small VIllage
but the bureaucrats take no notIce
let Chlyeou be made a 7th class mandarIn
give hun 100 ounces of SlIver as mcentlve to other men Heaven has scattered rIches and poverty
but to profit on other men's loss IS no better than banditry In momentum of avarIce, no longer steers hiS own course Chlyeou didn't do It on book readln'
nor by muggIn' up hIstory MIllIon In earthquake relIef
and a thousand taels to the capItal Jesuits but expelled the rest from Canton
t they go on bUyIng converts'
Died 1735 at 58
m the 13th year of hiS reign Came KIEN, 40 years before t our revolution'
YONG TCHING unregretted by canagha and nitWIts t A man's happiness depends on hImself,
not on hiS Emperor
If you thInk that I thmk that I can make any man happy
you have mlSunderstood the FU
JrlM
(the Happiness Ideogram) that I sent you Thus Tchlng whom Coupetal had brought up,
338
? for the nun1ber of bye-laws for IllS attentIon to detaIl
unregretted by scoundrels never had death sentences such attentIon
three trIals, publIcatIon of detaIls, examInatIon, to poorest as for the hIghest
CAl TSONG HIEN HOANG TI be he credIted
so his son Klen Long came to the throne
In the 36th of that century-
and as to the rIse of the Adamses-
ExtensIve Mohamedan treasures
C QuestIon of COIn In these conquered towns IS very unportant
I adVISe a few of YOUR mIntage and to leave the old pIeces current Those used llere,
Raskat, yerquI and baize11-
are of bronze weIghIng about I/5th of one of our ounces 50 of these mahometan dISCS malt. e a tC1tke
about one of our taels There are some useless old cannon here
whIch I suggest we melt up for small cash to keep commerce movIng'
Tchao-hou
to hIS EMPEROR
from the camp before Hashan (or Kasgar, a CIty In lIttle Boucarla)
ThiS prIncess entered the palace when YONG TCHING was emperor
as C a young lady merely of talents recIted wIth beautIful VOIce
and had other amIable qualItIes' concubme, and havIng a son was made queen
and for forty two years had seen hun, thIS son, on the :first throne of ASIa
339
? m the 86th year of her age posthumous EMPRESS
Hiao ChIng Hlen Hoang Heou and her son as memorIal
exempted hIs empIre from the land tax
for a year as Indeed he had done before on her bU"thdays when she was 70 and when she reached her elghtleth bIrthday and now, In memorIam And he wrote
a poem on the Beauties of Mougden and condensed the Mlng hIstorIes
hterary kuss, and wuz Emperor fer at least 40 years
Perhaps you wIll look up his verses
34?
? LXII
CqUlt of eVtl 'tntentzon
Xor tncltnatton to perseverance tn error
to correct It wIth cheerfulness partIcularly as to the motIves of acttons
of the great natt01ts of Europe'
for the plantIng
and rulIng and orderIng of New England
from latItude 400 to 480
TO THE GOVERNOR AND THE COMPANIE
whereon Thomas Adams
19th Match 1628
18th assIstant whereof the saId Thomas Adams
(abbrevIated)
Merry Mount become BraIntree, a plantatIon near Weston's Capn Wollanston's became Merrymount
ten head 40 acres at 3/ (shIllIngs) per acre
who lasted 6 years, brewIng commenced by the first Henry
contmued by Joseph Adams, hIs son
at decease left a maltIng establIshment
Born 1735, 19th Oct old style, 30th new style John Adams Its emolument gave but a bare scanty subsIstence
C PassIon of orthodoxy In fear, CalvIDlsm has no other agent
study of theology
wd/ Involve me In endless altercation
to no purpose, of no deSIgn and do no good to any man whatsoever
not less of order than liberty
Burke, GIbbon, beautrliers of figures
I1l1ddle path, resource of second-rate statesmen produced not In BrItam
tax falls on the colo:::S 341
. . . 9 1t
/. . "
~
? Lord North, purblmd to the rIghts of a contInent, eye on a few London merchants
no longer saw redcoat as brother or as a protector
(Boston about the SIze of Rapallo) scarce 16,000,
habIts of freedom now formed
even among those who scarcely got so far as analysIs
so about 9 o'c In the morning Lard Narf wuz beln' unpasslble was a hght fall of snow In Bastun, In Ktng St
and the 29th Styschlre In Brattle St
Murray's barracks, and In this case was a
barber's boy ragging the sentInel so Capn Preston etc/
lower order With btllets of wood and C Just rovmg , force In fact of a rIght sez Chawles Fwancis
at same tIme, and In Louses of Parleymoot so fatal a preCISIon of aIm,
sOJers aimIng')')
Gent standIng In hIS doorway got . 1 balls In the arm
and :five deaders t never Cadmus 'etc was more pregnant
patrIots need legal adVIsor
measures Involvln' pro-fesslonal knowl-edge
BE IT ENACTED / guy-nor councIl an' house of assembly (Blaydon obJectln' to form ov these doggymlnts)
Encourage arts commerce an' farnlln' not suggest anything on my own
1? ever abandoned by admmlstratlon of England
and outrage of the soldIery the bonds of affectIon be broken
ttl! then let us try cases by law IF by snowballs oystershells CInders
was provocat1on
reply was then manslaughter only
342.
? In consIderatIon of endocrIne human emotIons unuprootable, that IS, human cmotlons-
merely manslaughter
brand 'em In hand
but not hang 'em beIng mere hunlan bllghters
common men lIke the rest of us subJekk to
paSSIons law not bent to wanton ImagInatIon
and temper of IndIvIduals
mens SIne affectu
that law rules
that It be
SInce a:t! ectu In 1770, Bastun
Bad law IS the worst sort of tyranny Burke dIsputed rlg~t to seIze lands of the heathen and gIve It to any kIng, If we be feudatory parlIament has no control over us
We are merely under the monarch
allegIance IS to the kIng's natural person t The Spensers' saId Coke, hatched treason denyIng thIS
allegIance follows natural, not polItIC person
are we mere slaves of some other people'>
MercantIle temper of BritaIn
constItution Without appeal to hIgher powers unwrItten
VOTED 92. to 8 agamst Oliver
1 e agaInst klng's pay for the Judges Instead of
haVIng the WIgS paid by the colony
no Jurors wd/ serve These are the stones of foundatIon
J A 's reply to the Governor Impeachment of OlIver
These stones we bUIlt on
343
? I don't receIve a shl1hng a month, wrote Mr Adams to Ablgau In seventeen 74
June 7th approve of comnuttee from the several colonies BowdoIn, CushIng, Sam Adams, John A and PaIne (Robert)
t mope, I muse, I ruminate' Ie
personnel manque we have not men for the tImes
Cut the overhead my dear wIfe and keep yr/ eye on the daIry non Importation, non eating, non export, all bugwash
but untIl they have proved It
In experIment
no use In telhng 'em
Local legIslatIon / that IS basIc /
we wd consent In matters of empIre trade, It IS by no means essentIal to trade wIth foreign natIons at all
as sez Chas FrancIs, ChIna and Japan have proved It weekly In Boston Gazette from '74 untIl LeXIngton
wrote Novanglus, then shooting started
a. llus them as putts off tak. mg a SIde
and lastly In superintendIng the preparatIon of
bIlls of credIt, to serve as dollars durIn' the struggle then moved for a navee
which he got, after some rIdIcule
GUided pubk mmd m formation of state constItutIons
e g N York and N CarolIna
retaIn what experIence has found good,
central authorIty, war, trade, and dIsputes between states
republIcan Jealousy which seeks to cut off all power from fear of abuses does
qUIte as much harm as a despotIsm
9th Feb to end of that year probably very laborIOUS
privateers not mdependence, what IS) sovereign state
acknowledged of natIons and all that sovrelgn state and all that
344
BIrth of a NatIon
? by other natIons acknowledged
when hIS BrIt majesty lords commons have excluded from crown protectIon
May 12th, C as 12. months ago shd/ have been'
regards Independency beIng moved and accepted June 7th spIes and persons counterfeItlng-or abettmg In same-
our contInental bIlls of credIt
or knowmgly paSSIng the same to be punished
no word, oratlonem, plobably not elegantIssunam Routledge was elegant
(saId nothmg not hackneyed SIX months before' wrote J A to hIs wIfe
I saId nothIng etc/ letter to Chase from John Adams
the people are addtcted, as well as the great, to corruptIon ProvIdence In whIch, unfashIonable as the faIth IS, I beheve Schlcksal, sagt der Fuhrer
wIth pomp bells bonfires on the 2nd day of July
than any socIal commumty has ever yet carrIed out
reasonable act only by Its geography INadequate conceSSIon by England,
always too late (sero)
BrItaIn never In season, reCIprocatIon by trade
CavalIer, sentnnent rather than prmciple
TO serve lIberty at a hIgher rate than tyrants wdl pay 'em
you shd/ have numbered yr/ regIments, you never
send me
accounts e g of guns, numbers, theIr weIght of metal I never know of what SIze (frIgates etc/)
ImpaSSIble moderatIon of WashIngton saved us by stoPPIn' cat:6. ghts between officers
For proportIonal representatIon- Clearest head In the Congress
(John's was)
THUMON
we want one man of IntegrIty In that embassy
345
? BordeaUA, and passed on to ParIS
the ethIcs, so called, of FranklIn
IF moral analyslS be not the purpose of historIcal wrIting
Leyden Gazette, 1vIagazlne Pohtlque Hollandals, Calkoen, Amsterdam bankers, dIrected to Mr A by Gen WashIngton
(CornwallIs' surrender)
De Ruyter stIll cherIshed memories of Dutch freedom
dOlvent tousJours crzer la Llberte,-amls de la France shd/ remarked Flassans
and especIally the consonance of Van Capellen personal VISits to deputIes at der Haag
Leyden, Harlem, Zwol were petItIons
Zeland, OverysseI, Gronye, Utrecht and Gutlderland
so on the 19th of Aprrl
John got hIS answer and recognItIon, categoric
Mr Adams has demanded a categorIcal answer
for the USN A letters of credence / we say that he IS
admItted as envoy 1782 BIrth of a NatIon
corps dzplomatlque
HIs lIterary connectIons sans whIch was no openIng
a stranger to language and manners so In hIS correspondence
Dumas, WIthout money, frIends, agamst Intrigue to pecunlary advances
In fact from Wllhnk, van Staphorst and FynJe S,000,000 gUIlders to maIntaIn our overstraIned credit
ttll 1788 relatIons HIS relatIons w. . . th bankers In Amsterdam
In October a treaty of commerce, by no alts or dIsgUIses no flatteries, no corruptIons
who to the age of 40 years had scarce crossed the edge of hIS prOVInce
346
to be now
WIth
? transferred to Adam Street In the AdelphI
suspectIng the post boy of humour In takmg hIm there
MagaZInes, dally pamphlets In hands of men of no character
In fact one bookseller saId to me can get 'em at a gUinea a day to wrIte pro or con anythmg HIred'
Found archery still beIng practIced
CredIt till I returned to AmerIca Ice, broken Ice, ICY water
500 mIles on a trottmg horse In dead WInter
but never as on that Journey to Holland
(England to Holland)
Struck down our men, shattered our maInmast
never as on that gOIng to Amsterdam, fundamentals In crItIcal moments
lIterature and phIlosophy are the rage in even fashIonable CIrcles
and FrederIck's treaty of commerce toward mItIgatIon of malltlme law
conSIderably In advance of world standalds phIlanthropy not wholly free from SUSpICIon that
the new states cd/ profit
The Duke saId that John wd/ be stared at,
to make gam out of neIghbor's troubles second~rymIsfortune of BrItaIn
AS of a demonstratIon In EuclId
system of government
ImmedIacy In order to be of any effect perceIve taste and elegance are the cry
whIch I have not
LIbertatem Amlcltlam FIdem a new power arose, that of fund holders
fond of rotatIon so that to remove
theIr abuse from me to the PreSIdent (WashIngton)
TO be punctual, to be confined to my seat (over the Senate)
347
? to see nothIng done (by the senate)
to hear nothmg saId, to say and DO nothIng borrow for tradIng very unmercantIle
by thought, word, never encourage a war
horror they are In lest peace shd/ continue will accumulate perpetual DEBT
leadIng to yet more revolutIons
He (Adet) announced to the PresIdent the entIre
annmIlation of factIons In France (18 June '95) He (Jay) returned yesterday to N York
very sociable and In fine spIrIts
no ChIef JustIce yet named to succeed hIm happIly he IS elected before the
treaty was publIshed
as factIons
agaInst hIm wd/ have quarrelled whether rIght or
the contrary
to colour theIr 0PPOSlt on
elegance of J Q A's style IS admIred
propertIes of serenIty In OBservatIon
but where shall be found (1795) good men and true to fill offices WashIngton's cabinet posts go a-beggmg
to four senators, and to more whom I do not know nomlnatun KIng, Henry, Cotsworth (~) and Pinckney
all have refused It (simIlarly for the War Office) expenses here so far beyond salarIes
IntegrIty rewarded With obloquy
I belIeve the PresIdent wIll retIre
Dangerous that PresIdent and V P be In opposite boxes persons hIghest class of ablhty enlisted
habItually In elaborate diSCUSSIons
aSSiduously read by the people
I hate to lIve In PhJ. 1adelphy In the summer
hate speeches messages addresses levees and drawlngrooms
? been 30 years among these rocks whIstlIng
(Amphlon) and none wd/ ever move wIthout money
Had I eloquence humour or Irony, 1? Mr Jefferson be elected I belIeve I must put up fOl the House
belIeve I
mIght be of some use In that body, retIrement
(Washmgton's) removed all check upon partIes
Mr Jefferson, Mr HamIlton
the latter not enjOyIng the confidence of the people 'It large to oppose Ham to Jeff wd/ be futIle
whereon Ham set to undercut Adams
'96 tIll 1854 no preSIdent chosen agaInst Penllsylvanla C the old man WIll make a good presIdent' remarked Mr Glles ( but we shall have to check hIm occ~slon'lly'
C manoeuvres that wd/ surprIse you' wrote John to AbIgaIl
a love of SCIence and letters
a deSIre to encourage schools and academIes as only means to preserve our ConstItutIon Elleswood admInIstered the oath WIth great energy Napoleon's conquest of Italy
created a paradIse for army contractors whereon Senor MIranda
was for makIng great conquests and HamIlton Talleyrand Mr A not caught asleep by hzs cabInet
so that on the 18th of Feb the senate reed/ tIle nonl1natlon
and a communIcatIon of Talleyrand's document assumIng no rIsk In trustIng
the profeSSIons of T allcyrand Not vmdIctIve that I can remember
though I have often been wroth at any rate staved off a war
roused the land to be ready a pardon for all offenders
349
of Murray
? (1 e poor dutch FrIes and companIons)
formed own vIew of HamIlton's game (and hIs frIends') whIch wd/ certaInly h'lve tangled wIth Europe
wont to gIve to hIS conversation
full Impetus of vehement wIll, charged course of Ham and hiS satellItes to dls~ppomtmentthat they hadn't
got us entangled wIth BrItaIn defensIve and offenSIve
Snot, Bott, Cott left over from WashIngton's cabInet
and as for HamIlton
we may take It (my authorIty, ego scrIptor cantIlenae) that he was the PrIme snot In ALL Arnellcan l'lstory
(11th Jan 19)8, from Rapallo) But for the clearest head In the congress
pater patrIae
the man who at certa n P0111tS
made U~ at certain pOInts
saved us
by faIrness, honesty and straIght movlI~~
ARRIBA ADAMS
35?
17i4 1'1J the. Leafter
? LXIII
OWARDS sendIng of Ellsworth Tand the pardon of FrIes
25 years In office, treatIes put thru and loans raIsed
and General PInckney, a rn1n of honour declIned to particIpate
or even to give SUsplc. . . on of havmg colluded defiCiency In early moral foundatIons (Mr Hamilton's) they effect here and there sImple manners
true relIgIon, nl01 als, :here flourish
1 e \Vashlngtoll 4th March 1801
toward the newly created fount of supply (Mr Jefferson) In a. rdour of hostIlIty to Mr Jefferson
to overlook a good deed If PIckering cd/ mount on
wd/ vote for J Adams
whose IntegrIty not hiS enemIes had dIC)puted
rIghts
dIffUSing knowledge of prIncIples
maintaining Justice, 1n regJsterlng treaty of peace changed wIth the tImes, and not
forgettIng what had suffered by the sedition laws Obt svt Chas Holt
Iionoured father
(SIgned John QUIncy Adams (In full)
1825 (when elected)
Scott's fictIons and eve11 the VIgorous and exaggerated poetry of Ld/ Byron
when they wd/ not read hIm anrthlog else property EQUAL'D land m J A '5 dISpOSItIon From Fancy's dreams to active VIrtue turn
The cats thought hIm (FranklIn) almost a catholIc
35I
? The Church of England laId claIm to hIm as one of 'em Presbyters thought hIm half presbyterIan
frIends, sectarIes, Erlpult caelo fulmen
and all that to dItch a poor man fresh from the country Vol Two (as the protagonIst saw It )
No books, no tIme, no frIends Not a new Idea all thiS week
even bagpIpe not dIsagreeable
for amusement readIng her (Mrs Savd) the Ars Amandl 1758, around half after three, went to the Court House WIth Saml QUIncy and Dr Gordon
And saw the most spaCIOUS room and
finest hne
of ladles I ever dId see, GrIdley
enquIred my method of study
and gave me Reeve's adVIce to hIs nephew
read a letter he wrote to Judge LeIghton follow the study
rather than gaIn of the law, but the gaIn
enough to keep out of the brIars, So that I
belIeve no lawyer ever dId so much busIness
for so lIttle profit as I durIng the 17 years that I practIsed you must conquer the INSTITUTES
and I began WIth Coke upon LIttleton
greek mere matter of curIosIty (In the law) to ask Mr Thatcher's concurrence
'\\hole evenIng on orIgInal SIn and the plan of the unIverse
and lastly on law, he thInks that the country IS full Van Myden edttto terza deSIgn of the book IS eXpOSItIon
of technIcal terms
352.
? as of Hawkins' Pleas of the Crown Bracton,
Bntten, Fleta on GlanvIlle, must dIg wIth my fingers
as nobody wul lend me or sell me a pIck axe
Exercises my lungs, reVIves my SpIrIts opens my pores readIng Tully on Catahne qUIckens my cIrculatIon
Ruggles grandeur In boldness of thought honour contempt
of meanness was practIsIng law and runnIng a tavern In SandwIch
dIed Novascotla 1788 and a tory Read one book an hour
then dIne, smoke, cut wood
tn quella parte dove sta mem01a, Colonel Chandler not conSCIOUS
these crude thoughts and expressions
are catched up and treasured as proof of hIS character Not findmg them (Rhine grapes slIps) In that CIty sends to a village 70 miles away
and then sends two packets
one by water and lest that mIscarry, the other by post
to Mr QUIncy to whom he owes nothIng
and wIth whom he IS but lIttle acquaInted purely for the purpose of
propagatIng RhIne WIne In these prOVInces (one up to FranklIn) I
read TImon of Athens, the manhater
must be (IRA must be) aroused ere the mInd be
at Its best
la qual manda juoea
dIrty and rIdIculous ht. tgatlons been multIplIed proverb, as lItIgIOUS as BraIntree
fraud and systen1 of bIgotry
on whIch papal usurpatIons are founded, monument of prIestly
gUIle wrought Into system
4: Our constItution' t every m'ln hIS o~rn monarcl1 '
353
ambItIon
? all these boastIng speeches have heard (1760) and never faIled to raIse a hoarse laugh
An InferIor officer In Salem
whose name was Coclle petitIoned the JustIces for a Wf I t of ASSIstance
to break open shIps, shops, cellars and houses Mr Sewall expressed doubt of legalIty,
OxenbrIdge Thayer wIth OtIS, a contest appeared to be opened
354
? LXIV
o John's bro, the sherIff, we lay a kInd word In passmg TCrolnwell was not prudent
nor honest
nor laudable
Prayer hands uplIfted
Solitude a person, a NURSE
plumes IS she angel or bIrd, IS she a bIrd or an angel) ruffled, rumpled, rugged wIngs
looks down
and pItIes those who wear a crown
meanIng (query) George, LouIS or FrederIck) BeautIful spot, am almost wholly surrounded by water whereIn Deacon (later General) Palmer
has surrounded himself WIth a colony
of glass-blowers from Germany
come to undertake that work 111 AmerIca, 1751,
hIs lucerne grass
whereof 4 crops a year, seed he had of GrIdley of Abmgdon pods an odd thIng, a sort of ramshorn of straw
about 70 bushel of I/4th an acre of land
1115 potatoes
sub conditione :fidelitatis
18 It known that Ohver ever adVised to lay Internal taxes
or sohclted office of stamps)
to be dragged through the town only In pageantry to be burnt on a hIll, and IllS house broken open but has not the LIeutenant Governor
a near relatIon etc/
a son etc/
In one family etc/
BY 40 towns, verbatIm, theIr Instrument 355
upon us?
? to theIr representatIves Sam Adams has taken some paragraphs
Stamp Act spread a SpIrIt from GeorgIa to New HampshIre
wIth honour, more InqUISItlVC 15 to theIr lIbertIes
even the lowest
Your courts are shut down) JustIce VOID
I have not drawn a wrIt since the Ist of November If thIS authorIty be once recognIzed
rUIns AmerIca
I must cut down my expenses
For my rwn as well as AmerIca's
To renounce under tree, nay under the very branch where they hang'd him In effigy
UNANIMOUS for GrIdley, Jas OtIS, J Adams pray that the Courts may be opened
(orIginal of thIS IS preselved) If what I wrote last nIght
recall what Lord Bacon
wrote about laws InVISIble and correspondences
th,t parlIament
hath no authorIty
to unpose Internal taxes upon us
Common Law 1St Inst 142-
Coke, to the 3rd Inst Law IS the subject's bIrthrIght Want of rIght and of remedy are all one CONSTRUED that no Innocent
may by lIteral constructIon be damaged actus
legIS nulh facIt InJurIam
Governor In counCIl as supreme court of probate
by more ravenous sort of ambItIon
or avarIce
aVOId as the plague
tendency of the a<:t to reduce the body of people
356
? to Ignorance, dependence and poverty
relIgIous bIgots
the worst of men, colonIes
becomes a fashionable study and wIll probably
stare more and more for some tIme Ipswich InstructIons f1ght to tax selves,
rather as allIes than as subjects FIRST settlement not a natIonal act
and not at expense of the natIon
nor made on land of the Crown waddled through snow drIvIng my cattle to water ShuttIng courts equals abdIcatIon of throne
for enterIng a vessel at LouIsburg and taking away
10 barrels of
rum
PItt vs/ GrenvIlle, and for the repeal of the act Parhament tak. es as RepresentatIve and not LegIslatIve
l. uthorlty But Thatcher got hIm IndIcted for balratry
And he came near to convIction Gaffe grew warm and saId Eaton's character
was as good as any man's at the b:lr punch WIne bread cheese apples pIpes and tobacco
Thursday oated at MartIn's
when we saw five boxes of dollars
gOIng In a horse cart to 5,,1ern for Boston FOR :england, saId to contaIn about $I8,000
loppIng and trImmIng
walnut trees, and for fellIng of pInes and saVlns An Irregular lnlsshapen pIne Will darkeJ. l
the whole scel1e In some p11ces
case between negro and owner At same tIme a cravIng ma1'l (I-Iutchln. . . . cn)
357
? at Dr Tuft's where I found fine wIld goose on th~ e,Plt
and cranberru. . s In the skIllet
to the WhIte House In Brattle St
office lucratIve In Itself but new statutes
h1. d been passed In ParlIament J Q A born July eleventh
duty on glass IncompatIble
wIth my Ideas on rIght, JustIce and polH. . y
between negro and owner engaged Mr Hawley's '1ttcntlon 100 towns, one week's notIce
about 10 o'clock troops began landIng under co\cr of
the cannon
of the shIps, wlthout molestatIon
Oct 1St PopulatIon of Boston retrograde durIng 25 years
that preceded thIs
was now not above I6,000
DurIng my absence on CIrcuIt
as Byles s~ud t 0 If grIevances red-dressed ' under my WIndows In the squ1rc
dlurn, fife, and In evenIng VIolins, songs
flutes of the serenaders, that IS, Sons of Liberty
as well at the extravagance of the populace,
deceptions to '"hleh they are lIable,
suppressIon of eqUIty, when thoroughly heated
my drafts wIll be found In the Boston Gazette for thos~
a cargo of WInes from MadeIra belongIng to Mr Hancock
Without paYIng Customs
paInful drudgery I had In hiS cause
as to thIS statute my clIent never consented
Mr Hancock never consented, nevel voted for It himself nor for any man to make any such law
whenever
years '68, '69
? we leave prInCIples and clear prOpOSItIons
and wander Into constructIon we wander Into a wtlderness a darkness whereIn arbItr1. ry power
set on throne of blass wIth a sceptre of non Suspended, In fact, only after Battle of LexIngton
whIch ended all such prosecutIons ~1t Wollanston, seat of our ancestors
flom
East chamber every shIp sloop schooner and brIgantme
Three hundred and fifty were under the LIberty Tree,
a young butto11wood, and preparIng the next day's paper, coohlng up paragraphs,
artIcles, workIng the polItIcal engIne
MORNING at Brackett's upon case {)f a whale
that I had Imported from London the only complete set of BrItIsh Statutes
then In Boston or, I thInk, In the whole
of the ColonIes, and In that work a statute
whose publIcatIon they feared, an
express prohibItIon of empressment
expressly IN AmerIca whIch statute they Intended to
get repealed
and dId succeed 1769 toward the end of December so dOIng About 9 o'clock In evenIng, supposed to be SIgnal of fire
men In front of the barracks and baker's boy afore mentIoned Mr Forest known then as the (IrIsh Infant'
tears streamIng over hIS face
C for that very unfortunate man, CaptaIn Preston
In prISon
wants counCIl and can get none, Mr QUIncy WIll serve 1? you WIll
Mr Auchmuty dechnes unless you wtll engage'
C But he must be senSIble that thIS wd/ be as Important a case as was ever trIed here or In any country
not expect me to use art, sophistry, prevarication'
359
? Up01'1 whIch he offered me a retaInIng fee of one gUInea
whIch I accepted
(Re whIch thIngs was Hutchinson undoubtedly scro-
fulous ego scriptor cantllenae Ez P)
BrIngIng It In all to 10 gUineas
for Preston and 8 for the sOJers
(But where the devIl thIs brace of Adamscs sprung from' (OxenbrIdge Thatcher d'lngers from Intemperate heats
BUT In ConnectIcut every famIly has a lIttle manufactury house
and make ? 01 themselves thIngs for whIch they were used to run Into debt to the merchants)
CIted BeccarIa He went out and saddled my horse and brIdled hIm
C as a man of lIberty, I respect you
C and from here to Cape Cod you won't find ten men amiss'
nIhil humanum ahenum This landlord, a hIgh son
and h'ls on hIS SIgn
Sons of LIberty served here
When he came away he took VIew of the comet
to roll and cool themselves and feed on whIte honeysucl?
Je
our horses had got out of compound SUBILLAM
CumlS ego occuhs melS
sleepIng under a wIndow pray for me,
wIthered to skIn and nerves tu thelezs respondebat lIla apothanezn, pray for me gentlemen
my prayers used to be answered, She prayed for delIverance
IIO years of age, and some say she 1S over that
Anemonle, at Nantasket, non VI sed saepe legendo
Severn Ayres of VIrgInIa, Mr Bull, Mr Trapler of S CarolIna Chas Second's tIme was tax voted In CarolIna
360
? Hemp seed cd/ be brought here, mulberry does well In our chmate
When people of EUlope have been InSidIously deprIved
of theIr lIbertIes
whIch wd/ render Jurors mere ostentatIon and pageantry green tea, froM Holland I hope, but dont know,
recovered at BraIntree, pruned by me, grown remarkably pInes better for loppIng
STOOD by the people much longer than they wd/ st:tnd
by themselves. 1771 make potash and raIse a great number of colts
whIch they send to the West IndIes for rum Splendours of Hartford and MIddletown Just as vie got there
IndIan puddIng pork greens on the table One party for wealth and power
at expense
of the lIberty of thelr country
W1rs, carnage, confUSIon
not Interested In their servItude
I am, for all I can see, left qUite alone
13th, Thursday
landlady great grand daughter of Governor Indlcott new lIght, contInually cantIng
saId IndIan preacher Adam' Adam when you It-new
It wd/ make good cIder' Mrs Rops, fine woman
very pretty and very genteel
Tells old storIes of WItchcraft, paper money and Governor Belcher's admInIstratIon
Always convInced that tIle lIbertIes of the country had more to fear from one man (HutchInson)
than from all other men whatsoever
which have always freely and decently uttered
RIch seldom remarkable for modesty, IngenuIty or humanIty
361
? t Is mere ImpertInence a contempt'> ' asked Mr OtiS
I saId there was no more JustIce left In BrItaIn t~an hell HutchInson IS etc
Moore's Reports, for the book was borrowed, Its owner a buyer, not a reader of books
for It nad been Mr GrIdley's NfYj state has done partlally
. 22, Monday (thIS was 1773)
HutchInson's letters received
Oliver, Moffat, Pa"'Cton and Rome for 1767, '8, '9
avariCIOUS, ambitIOUS, VIndIctIve
these were the letters that Frankhn got hold of Bone of our bone, educated among us,
serpent and deputy serpent
that SIr John Temple procured theI11
God knows how or from whom Gentle raIn last nIght and thIS mornIng
HutchInson suckIng up to George IIIrd falsehood m Rome's letters qUIte flagrant
Col Haworth
attracted no attention untIl
he dIscovered hIs antipathy to a cat
Three cargoes Bohea
were emptIed, thIS IS but an attack upon property I apprehend It was necessary, absolute, Indispensable
Irregular recourse to origmal power
IMpeachment by House before CouncIl saId shd/ be glad 1? constItutIon cd/ carryon
WIthout recourse to hIgher powers unwrItten Says Grldley You keep very late hours'
End of thlS Canto
? LXV
UR. ORS refuse to take oath
JsayIng whIle ChIef JustIce of thIs Court stands
llnpeached Moses GIll has made many JustIces by lendIng money
A statue of H M (HIs Majesty) very large
on horseback
sohd lead glIded with gold
on an hIgh marble pedestal We then walked up Broadway
magnIficent bUlldmg, cost 2. 0,000 pounds N Y
currency
ShIp
of 800 tons burden lest levelIng spmt of New England should propagate Itself In New York.
whole charge of the PrOVInce
between 5 and 6 thousand pounds N York money For Massachusetts about 12. thousand lawful
as wdj equal about 16,000 of N York
AdvIsed hIm to publIsh
from Hakluyt the voyage of J Cabot,
Hudlbras tavern, PrInceton, sing as badly as the presbyterIans of
N York
scz congress sIld/ raise money and
employ men to wrIte In the newspapers (In England)
WashIngton would raIse one thousand men at hIS own expense
and march for release of Boston not a VIrgInIan
but an American PatrIck Henry
tenants In capIte, Galloway well aware that my arguments
363
? tend to the Independency of the colonles bound by no laws made by ParlIament
SInce our ancestors came here
Bill of RIghts
wIshed to hear In Congress at large law of natr/ BrIt constItutIon
trade of EmpIre cd/ be under parlIament Mr Rutledge of S CarolIna saId
II: Adams, We must agree upon somethIng'
Turtle and everythUlg else a dutchitted EnglIsh prayer
17th of September America WIll support Massachusetts
C that natIon
new avov/s brIbery to be part of her system'
1fr l-Ienry, AmerIcan legislature
After December 1St no molasses
coffee pImento flom Domenlca
fine bowlIng green and fine turtle, madeira
Congress nIbblmg and qUIbblIng as usual
took departure In very great rain from
the happy, the peaceful, the elegant Philadelphy
2. young ladles to smg us the new liberty song readIness to be shot / versus / taxes
Judgement gives way to fears I/3rd of humanIty IMbeCIlIty of 2nd petItIon Mr Hancock had ambition Mr Adams (that IS Saml) said nothIng, appeared deeply
but seconded my motIon In Congress
Mr WashIngton seated near by the door scuttled Into the book room WIth modesty
Dickenson
to consider
? past merIdIan, avarIce growIng on hIm alum
Suppose yrj ladyshIp has been In the tWlttels
I
(p 432. )
oated at the Red LIon
6 sets of works In one bUIldIng, hemp mIll, 011 mIll, and
a mIll to grInd bark for tanners, at Bethelehem, a fuller's mIll both for cloth and leather, dye-house, a sharIng house
they raIse a great deal of madder CommIttee to purchase woollen goods for the Army
Sept I775, to 5000 L/ sterlIng
delegates of PennsylvanIa produced no account of the powder
100 tons of powder was wanted CushIng saId I move we take Into conSIderatIon
a means of keepmg up the army In wIntel AmmunItIon can not be had unless we open out ports Can't stand war wIt. hout trade
tobacco to France and SpaIn Rutledge saId
Take men from
agrIculture and put 'em In factorIes AgrIculture and manufacturles
can not be lost but tlade IS precarIOUS
e AmerIcans are theIr own C1. rriCrS now ImperatIve to open out ports,' saId Mr Zubly PrOVISIons to SpaIn for money
and cash sent to England for powder
e We are between hawk and buzzard' saId LIVIngston pleased that New Jersey raIse two battalions
of eIght companIes eacll
68 prIvates, capn, lIeutenant, enSIgn, 4 sargeants 4 corporals Who to appomt officers for theIr artIllery
Personal frIends have not been SUItable
rather Washington's word than any convention's
Trade or no trade
powder, appOIntment of officers 365
? How trade) by whose carrlage,J farms, Inanufacturles hItherto as If money
was prOVInce's not of the continent
John Adams as seen by John Adams, squabbles In congress to shut or not shut customs houses
t Everything we want for war IS powder and shot' saId Mr Zubly
2ndly arms and munItions
3rd1y that we must have money
We must keep up the notIon that thIs paper IS good
for sometlling (commerciabill~)
MISSISSIPPi scheme In France South Seas In England
were wrIt for our learnIng
A navy' Can we have one~ WIthout trade) Can we maIntaIn war WIthout It')
Can we get InformatIon~
SpanIards too lazy to come here for goods To trade WIth England or forelgners~
If so, who does the carrying") They to us, we to them') I speak from prIncIple, It has been said we aSSOcIate
In terrorem
Damn well rIght, Mr Zubly
Deane wdj have traders prohIbIted unporting unnecessary and export of all lIvestock save horses
GU1daloupe, MartInIque WIll supply powder agaInst tobacco each colony shd/ carry thiS trade, not IndIVIduals
Chase Oct 2. 0 1775 Jay says more from mdlvldual enterprIse
than from lukewarmness of assemblIes want french woollens dutch worsteds
german steel Wythe says better open our trade altogether
Why shdn't AmerIca have a navy~ We abound In firs, Iron ore, tar
? the Rom3ns suddenly bUIlt one agaInst Carthage RESOLVED that tV/O vessels be ~tted
6th AprJ1 to remove all restrIctIons on tlade obhge BrItaIn to keep up a navy
that WIll cost her tWIce what she takes from us
FAECE Romull non PlatoDls republIca' C AmerIca' (Wythe) WIll hardly lIve wIthout trade
Am for glV1l1g letters of marque
and for powder, to make treatIes WIth us, Why
call ourselves dutIful subjects')
Wd/ France have lIstened to BrIstol or LIverpool'> Resolved a commIttee to draft confederatIon
To prOVIde flax, hemp, wool and cotton
In each colony of SOCIety for furtherance of agrIculture, arts, manufacturles
and correspondence between these SOCIetIes
that natural advantages be not neglected ducks and saIl cloth
Is It In the Interest of France to stand neuter"> Resentment a duty, a man's person, property, lIberty
not safe WIthout It
Hooper of North CarolIna saId I WIsh to see a day
when slaves are not necessary
Lee, Sherman and Gadsden on my SIde
Rush, FranklIn, Bayard and MIfIlIn putt us WIse to
the rumours against us
t adventurers, bankrupt attourneys
from Massachusetts
t dependent on popularIty' So prompt farr and explICIt
~Mr Jefferson, you can wrIte ten tImes better than I can' Cut about I/4th and some of the best of It
I have often wondered that J's first draft has not
been publIshed suppose the reason IS the vehement phIlippIC a31. 1nst
negro slavery'
? thus Adams, 40 years later To contract for ImportatIon of gun powder
-or If cannot, then for salt peter and sulphur enough to make 500 tons
40 brass field pIeces (6 pounders) 10,000 stapd arms June 12th J Adams head of the Board of \Val
tIll Nov eleventh '77
had conversed much wIth gentlemen
who conduct our cod and whale fisherIes OU. L seamen 1? once let loose on the ocean
They saId wd/ rum the character of our seamen etc (make 'em mercenary and bent wholly on plundah '
~ In any character yrj LordshIp please eAcept
that of a BrItIsh subJect' (John to Lord Howe In parley)
88 battalIons, September,
<lash had already formed lucratIve connectIons In ParIS
by Mr D (Deane's) recommendatIons
partIcularly wIth Ray de Chaumont who was shippIng stuff to sell on commISSion
Always have been and still are spies m America (I 804) and I consIdered the
fisheries
To Capn Sam Tucl\. . er commandIng the Boston
(wInd hIgh and seas very rough)
You are to afford hIm every accommodatIon In yt/ power . and consult hIm as to what port you shall endeavour to get to
\V V ernon
J Warren
Navy Board, Eastern Department
Sunday 15th came under saIl before breakfast bauled my WInd to southward
found they dId chase me
Log book, 51 Tucker 19 Feb
;lfter runnIng 3 hours to westward 368
? I then hove In the stays
she contInued to chase us
all day, but I rather gaIn on her
Smoke, smell of sea coal, of stagnant and putrId water Increase the qualmlness but do n o t OCC1S10n It
In calm wIth our guns out
Tucker saId hIs orders were to take me to France
and any prizes that mlgl-tt fall In hIS way At nIght the wInd Increased to a hurrycane North, East by North, then North -VVest
ane blasterend bubb gan In the foresaIl dIng
raIlings
agonIes, the saIlors' theIr countenances language be-havlour
no man upon hIs legs nothIng In place chests casl{s bottles etcetera
no place no person dry
by lIghtnIng
at maInmast and topmast wounded 2. 3 men
Log Book of Saml Tucker contInually one thIng after anothe:t. . gIVing way
lay by uncle! maIn sail
down topgallant yards
4 P M carrIed away slIngs chaIns and the mIzzen. 4AM madesaIlandbeganto
1epa! r tIle rIggIng
Mr JohnnIe's behaVIour gave satIsfactIon (1 e young
J Q Adams
mexpresslble InconvenIence of havIng so lIttle space between decks nothIng but
dread of pIstol to keep men In quarters In actIon shIp not properly furnIshed WIth glasses
whIch wd/ save tllelr expense In a thousand ways INattentIon In navy as In the army
INattentIon to health of the saIlors 369
? the practIce of profane swearIng and cursIng
1st ltAarch maInmast found sprung In two places sea, clouds, sea, everythIng d2. mp, sea,
clouds, f11r sun, 9 knots and no nOIse
What the state of finances, stocks and theIr army~ So that the ball passed dIrectly o"er my head Tucl",er In old age sald that J A was out wIth 1 musket lIke any damn common
marIne
c Ordered 111m, but there he wuz out ag n
I sez Me orders, SIr, are to glt yew to EUrope'
Was a letter of marque, shot through our mIzzen yard we upon thIS turned our broadsIde whIch
the Instant she saw, she struclt The Martha, worth 80,000
Capn McIntosh much a gentleman
5 weeks after our embarcatlon
t Mr Mclntos~ of North BrIt'un
very decIded agaInst AmerIca In the
contest HIS passIons enkIndle' Numbers of small bIrds from the shore Instant they lIght on a shIp
drop asleep froln exhaustIon
aleron, famous for sea laws at least I take It thIS IS the place
along SIde wIth hakes, skates and gurnards rIver very beaut. . . ful on both SIdes
horses, oxen, great flocks, husbandmen ploughIng women a half dozen In droves wIth theIr hoes churches, convents, gentlemen's seats
very magnIficent From perus of the sea, IntrIgues, bUSiness wangles
rural Improvements are brought down to the water's edge
muddy water, grand seats, beautIful groves
a number of vessels In the rIver land, cattle, horses after
37?
pund sterlmg
? so long a Journey
at BOldea'l1x, at Blaye
FIrst dIsh was a fine french soup then bOIled meat hO'hts of calf one way and lIver another
b
bread very fine and fine salad the
raISins are most delICIOUS
none of us understood french none of t11em engllsll on quarter decl{ I was struck. wIth the hens
capons COCh. . S In theIr coops Saluted a small town called Blaye
wIth the INdependent salute
I e I 3 for the colonies All the gentlemen agreed Dr Franklm
had been rec'd by the I(lng wIth great pomp
and a treaty concluded
there are 4 sorts Chate"lu Margaux, Haute BrIon, Lafitte
and Latour
fish and bean salad, claret, champagne
to see the new comedIe and, after, the opera
d,nclng very cheerful (our
AmerIcan theatre not then even In contemplatIon)
Trompette, work of Vauban
Banished In LOUIS XVth's time for workIng wIth Malesherbes I concluded there was a form of SIncerIty In It
decorated wIth complIments
saw (Les deux avares) Tucker tho' not polIshed
was an energetIc and successful commander LIghts In the garden and an InscrIptIon
de l01zb
? TheIr eagerness to sell a knIfe was as great as that of some persons I have seen to get offices
fields of grass, vIneyards, castles
yet every place swarms wIth beggars
Rue RIcheheu, I-Iotel de ValoIs then Basse Cour, had been Hotel ValentlnolS
Money In Mr Schwelghausel's hands sIgned, Franlt. hn
Lee Adams
To J WIllIams
abstaIn from further expendIture
and close your accounts
Ml Beaumarchals, another of Mr Deane's frlends
DIned that day WIth Madame Heivetius
to the Long Champ where all carrIages of ParIS were paraded As descent modest and regular
a famIly as ever I saw 111 France
Among whoIn was M Condorcet hIS face whIte as a sheet
Franl\. hn, Deane, Bancroft are frIends
never was before I came here
a letter book
a minute book an account book
Mr Deane lIved expenSIvely Dr FrankllIl
Great WIt, great humourIst, great polIticIan, the Lees
are all VIrtuous men, If
there had been letters, mInutes, accounts, Mr Lee
had not seen them
In first box near the celebrated VoltaIre
Mme la Duchesse d'Agen a 5 ou 6 enfants contre la coutume du pays
des Noatlles IS mdhon louls a year from the crown
number of persons WIth theIr eyes :6:"\. ed on our lIttle treasury
372
of paper
? You wrote that you wd/ send the InVOIces If we thought necessary
The KIng's bed chamber where he W1S dressIng one puttIng on hIS sword, one hIs coat I accordIngly wrote to Sam Adams
I:normous
sums have been expended, no book of
accounts, no documents whereflom
able to learn what has been ree'd In AmerIca
Wrong In haVIng three commISSIoners one IS enough
m leaVIng salarIes at uncertaInty
In mInglIng pubhc mmlster and commercIal agent
Mr Deane never succeeded In throwIng much lIght on hIS mode of dOIng bUSIness In France
Many other qualItIes I cd/ not dIstInguIsh from VIrtues HIS Majesty ate lIke a KIng, solId beef
and other thIngs In PIOPOI tlon Offer to make 2. 00 peers (tn AmerIca)
To the dwellIng of Mme du Barry
who sent to InvIte us Turgot, Condillac, Mme Helvetlus
M Genet's son went WIth me and my son to the menagerIe BarbIer de SevIlle at the ComedIe (Nantes)
actIng Indl:fferent
Much conversatIon about the electrIcal eel
H I S VOIce (P Jones's) IS still, and soft, and small
Laws of the VIS1g0ths and JustInIan still m use In GalICIa 13 mules 2 muietiers arrIVIng Corunna at 7
pork of thIS country excellent and delIcIous
also bacon, ChIef JustIce mforms me that much of It IS fattened on chestnuts and upon Indian corn
other pork IS they say fattened on VIpers
pOSSIble unports to SpaIn 373
? gram of all sorts pItch turpentIne tImber, salt fish, spermaceti and rIce
Tobacco they have from theIr colonIes
as also IndIgo
of the KIng's tobacco they take 10 mIllIons weIght per annum
Saw ladles take chocolate In SpanIsh fashIon dIned on board la Belle Paule
Gallcla, no floor but ground trodden to mIre by men hogs horses and mules
no chImney 1/2. way as you ascend to the chamber was a stage covered Wlt~ straw
on which lay a fattening 110g above, corn was hung on stIcks and on sht Walk
In one corner a bm full of rape seed or culzar In the other a bIn ? ull of oats
among whIch slept better than SInce my arrIval
I n Spam
In general the mountains covered WIth furze
scarce an elm oak or other tree
O'BrIen afterward sent me a mInced pIe and a me~t pIe
at St James Campostella and 2 bottles of Frontenac Wine nothmg rIch but tIle churclles, nothmg fat but the clelgy NO symptoms of commerce or even of Internal traffic Between GalIce and Leon I780
all of colour made of black sheep's wool undyed
the rIver Valcaire between two rows of mountains
not a decent house since Corunna
4 Tuesday, clean bed, no fleas for the first time In Spam
at Astorga
largest turnipS I ever saw
Mauregato women, as fine as squaws and a great deal
Hoy mlsmo han llegado
a esta plaza el Caballero
Juan Adams mlembro 374
more nasty
? etcl los 111g1eses
evacu"ndo Rhode Island
los Amerlcanos tomar011
Gazette de MadrId, 24th of December Great flocks of sheep and cattle
AsturIas mout"ltaIns fIver runs also down Into POltugal
a dance they call the fandango Tuesday 11th at BUlgOS
we go along sneezing and coughIng my patIence never nearer exhausted
33 religious houses In Burgos In the last house In SpaIn we found one ell mney
First Since that In the French consul's, Corunna RIver Charent runs by It
Vergennes mIght suppose that I In naivete
wd/ send hIm my InstructIons My determinatIon to InsIst on the fisherIes
(In fact John saved cod to Baastun)
I was not clear that I suspected hIS motives
U S at ltberty to negotiate commerce, as peace
they Intended to keep us m stew WIth England
for a~ long as pOSSIble after the peace, as was EFfected for eleven years until Jay
sacrIficed hIS popularIty and Washlngto~'5 was dlmlnlshed
Those who Wish to Investigate WHOM In congress (leaVIng us no doubt Vergennes was a tWIster)
WIth my two sons to Amsterdam rye barley oats beans
hemp graIn clover lucern and salnfoln
and the pavements are good, vines cattle sheep everythIng
such wheat crops never saw elsewhere church m tlSlC ItalIan styIe
375
plentIful
? a tapestry number of Jews stabbIng the wafer blood gushIng from It
Brussels stone same as BraIntree North Common excellent character, emperor dId not lIke hIm
IntermIxture houses trees shIps canals very startlIng neatness remarkable
Van der Capellen tot de Pol fears holders of EnglIsh funds wul etc/
trIed to end some feudal burdens about here and got hImself censured OK, as was Van Berckel
Don Joas Tholomeno Independence of AmerIca IS assured Sept 14th '82.
MIrabel (Sardegna) only why dont they acknowledge It') 5 copies, EnglIsh and Dutch SIde by SIde,
saId wd/ be SIgned next week
aetat 46
foreIgn minIsters all herd together
Rheingrave, de Salm, Colonel Bentinck
PrUSSIan mInIster WIll talk of astronomy natural lustory news SIeges but very reserved upon polItICS
VERJARING van den veldslag by LeXIngton
Eerste MemOire dan den Heer Adams
INDRUK of de Hollandsche Natle
DeputIes of Holland and Zeeland we Signed etc/ treaty of COlnmerce
8 Oct '82 nrmness heaven has gIven you
commerce of Bruge, Ostend grown WIth our revolutIon vlngt avmgtclnq naVlres dans Ie baSSIn
(Count Sarsfield)
magazlns de la vIlle sont remplts, Journee d'un homme I 5 sl et nourri
CEuvre de M Ie Due de Vauguyon 376
? ? to sIgn one's name 16,000 t1IIles after dInner
Mr VIscher who was more open than I had known him saId the Stadtholder was Ie plus grand t de ce pays-cz entete comme une she mule
Rode to ValencIennes and found our axletree broken agaIn, walks, rose gardens, waterspouts, fish ponds
carp WIll assemble In an huddle before you
stIckIng theIr mouths out of water
MIle de Bourbon her haIr uncombed
came out by the round house
wIth It hangmg over her shoulders, In whIte
Thus France taxes Europe great part of court polICy to
provIde natIonal Influence over la nzode
as an occaSIon of commerce Jay IS des PetIts AugustIns Franklm IntrIgues manoeuvres InSInuates
I WIll make a good peace or 110 peace U shall enJoy rIght to fish unmolested
on banks and In Gulf of St Lawrence or wherever else heretofore to
dry cure In Nova ScotIa
Cape Sable and on any unsettled bays"
complunents conversatIon on vapors and exhalatlo11. s from Tartary
For my part thought that AmerIcans
Had been embroIled In European wars long enough
easy to see that France and England wd/ try to embroIl us OBVIOUS
that all powers of Europe WIll be contInually at manoeuvre to work us Into theIr real or unagInary balances
of power, J A 1782 FISHERIES
our natural rIght, garters stars keys tItles rIbbons objects of these men of hIgh lIfe
France wd/ never send that money (send any of It) to England
377
? whereas we gettIng money from ! )ortug. ,l must spend It In London, consIdered
theIr attack on me an attack on the fisherIes t IfIhavenot'sezIt beenmIstaken
In the polIcy of France from my first observatIon of It to tris hour, they have been as averse to other powers acknowledgIng our Independence
as you have been'
(GOD"
sez he (Oswald) t Now I see It
I wIll wrIte 110me at once on thIS subJect'
To exempt fishermen husbandmen merchants
as much as possIble from evIls of future wars Dr FranklIn (a nice lesson any how)
The KIng
IS lIke Mr Hancock
Nor where who sows the corn by corn IS fed
(Lady Lucan's verses on Ireland)
The Duke de la Rochefoucauld
made me a VISIt
(Lady Lucan's verses on Ireland)
made me a VISIt
and deSIred me to explaIn to hIm some
passages In the ConnectIcut constItutIon
(at whIch pOInt Ml ElIot left ~s)
Mr Vaughn saId etc/ that he sau)
t But' sez he t you can not blame us endeavourIng to carry thIs pOInt to marl\,. et
and get somethIng by It ' (whIch seems faIrly Enghsh)
To get BIlly (FranklIn) made mInIster here and the Doctor to LOl1don
MIle Bourbon 15 grown very fat, Chatham so dampened the zeal of Sardegna
BLUSH, oh ye lecords' 378
? congress has double XX'd me
How WIll they wash It'> I
dIned wIth M Malesherbes uncle of Luzerne
tIers etat contaIns 30 classes
DIned at Passy, S' 11 regne un faux saVOlr whIch mfleXlblhty has been called vanIty PolIcy of frog court to lay stunlbling block:
between England and AmerIca None EnglIsh have come, apprIzed, here
of where was the danger
Peace IS made NegotIatIons all passed before I hear
of LIVIngston's letter of Jan '82 s'. Jch IS Doc Flanklm (M1Y 3rd 1783)
a composed man
plaIn EnglIshman Duke and Ambassador Manchester
I told Hartley theIr poltey wIth Holland was wrong all wrong 1? they backed the Stadtholder the Emperor and French wd/ back the republIcans and all Europe enkIndle
England
~1d now stronger reason to cultIvate Holland and not push up the Bourbon
expedIent that an Intercourse
1nd commerce be opened, laws of Gt BrItaIn on
plantatIon trade contrIved solely to benefit BrItaIn saId Dutch vessels had gone to AmerIca I01ded ~rlth I'nens, duck, saIlcloth etc copper corrodes shIps' Iron
most agreeable day I ever spent at VersaJ. 1les
( I 7 June '83)
SardInIan ambassador saId It was curIOUS
to remark on the progress of commerce furs from Hudson Bay Company
sent to London were sent to SIberIa
379
? LXVI
OULD not let us brIng theIr sugar to Europe Cwd/ lessen the number of French and of SpanIsh
Generally rode tWIce a day tIll made master of thIs curIOUS forest (BOIS de Boulogne) VIew of Issy and the castle of Meudon
game IS not very plentIful DIned at Amlens
put up at AbbevIlle Dover VIew Mr Johnson
Gt Tower Hul who mforms me
that a vessel wIth one thousand hogshead of tobacco
IS passed by In the Channel from Congress
to Messrs W1ll1ncks 2. 7 Oct '83 Hague June 2. 2, '84
So there IS no drop not AmerIcan In me Aye we have notIced that saId the Ambassador
Sends to Morocco no marIne stores
sends 'em glaces and other thIngs of rIch value
SaId Lord Carmathen wd/ present me
but that I shd/ do busmess wIth Mr PItt very often
Posts not surlendered
are Presq'lsle, Sandusky etc/ DetrOIt MlchllImakinac
St Joseph St Mary's
daughter marrIed less prudently
and they were thInkIng of sendIng her to AmerIca
Presented Mr HamIlton to the Queen at the draWing room
Ml Jefferson
and I went m a post chaIse
Woburn Farm, Stowe, Stratford
Stourbrldge, Woodstock, HIgh Wycombe and back to Grosvenor Sq
A national debt of . 2. 74 mIllIon stg/
_0_
seamen
? accumulated by Jobs contracts salarIes pensIons 1n the course of a century
mIght easuy produce all thIs magnIficence
Pope's pavIlIon and Thompson's seat made the excurSIon
poetic
Shenstone's the most rural of all
19th, Wednesday, annIversary of the battle of LexIngton
and of my receptIon In Holland whIch latter IS considered of no unportance
to VIew the seat of the banker ChIld three houses, In fact, round a square
blOWIng roses, rIpe strawberrIes plums cherrIes etc deer sheep wood-doves gumea-hens peacocks etc
Dr Grey speaks very lightly of Buffon
Mr H prefers the archItecture of thIS house because It
remInds hIm of Palladlo wmdows With mahogany columns
there are two stoves but at neither of them could a student be comfortable In cold weather
July 18th, yesterday, moved all the grass In Stony HIll neld thiS day my new barn was raIsed
theIr songs never more varIOUS than tIllS mornIng Corn by two sorts of worm
HeSSIan fly menaces wheat
Where T has been trlmmmg red cedars
WIth team of 5 cattle brought back 2. 2. cedars
OtiS full of electIon Henry, ]effc. . . rson, Burr
T cutting trees and leaves of whIte oaks
To barley and black grass at the beach
saId one thing wd/ make Rhode Island unammous -meanmg fundmg-
they wanted Hamtlton for VIce preSIdent
I saId nothIng
WHERETOW ARD THE ARGUMENTS HAD BEEN as renouncmg the transactIons of Runmg Mede)
? PrUlce of Orange, klnb -W'llham by the people
that theIr rights be mVlolable
which drove out James Second IS stul actIve
Nothmg less than this seems to have been meditated for us by somebody or other In BrItaIn
reprInted by Thos HollIS
seventeen sixty-five OB PECUNIAE SCARSITATEM
this act, the Stamp Act, wd/ dram cash out of the country and IS, further, UNconstitutional
yrl humanity counterfeit
yrl lIberty cankered With simulatIon Earl Clarendon to Bill Pym m tIle Baastun Gazette
Jan 17th I 7 6 8 Danegeld emptIed the land of all cOin
what are powers of these new admiralty courts In America
per pares et legem terrae
IS there any grand Jury to brIng an IndIctment to :find presentments
any pettt for fact
IS thiS trIal per legem terrae
or by Institutes Digests Roman")
Become attentIve to their liberties
countIes, towns, prIvate clubs and sodalItIes most accurate Judgement
about the real constItutIon whIch IS not of wmd and weather
what IS said there IS rather a character
than a true
definition It IS a Just observation 382
ching mIng
? Jury answer" questIons of fact
thus guard1ng the subject
pompous rItuals theatrical ceremOnle4\
so succe,",sfully used to
delude to terrIfy men out of vIrtue and lIberty
ElIzabeth trIed, James FIrst put out GoodwIn and the Comnl0ns reversed It
(London ChronIcle)
By thIS course) saId one member, free electIon IS taken away common rIghts our ancestors have left us
By thIS course, saId another, the Chancellor
could call a parlIament of only such as he please
After repeal of AmerIcan Stamp Act
we . rave mortt:! ication to see one Act of ParlIament after
another, Inoney collectIng from us contInually without our consent
by an authorIty
In the constItutIon of whIch we l1ave no share
and see the lIttle COIn that remaIned among us transmItted to dIstance
with no hope of return
RESOLUTION to maIntaIn duty and loyalty to our sovrelgn and to ParlIament as legIslatIve In all cases of neceSSIty
to preserve the EmpIre as a whole
17 June, 1768
InstructIons to Braintree's represeIltatives
We mean by 6th Anne chap XXXVll section 9 IT IS ENACTED
no marIner
be retamed on any prIvateer shIp or vessel
In any part of America be Impressed on any ship of Her Majesty's any time after St ValentIne's day 1707
on pain of L 20 per n1an
Small field pIeces happened, saId Governor HutchInson,
to pomt at the door of the Court House 383
? To the Hnbl James OtiS and Thos CushIng EsquIres Mr Sam Adams and John Hancock EsquIre
, , , , demands yr/ fortItude vIrtue and wisdom
to remove anythIng that may appear to awe or Intimidate late attack flagrant and formal
on the constitution Itself
and the ImmunitIes of our charters
Unnecessary to repeat our known sentIments on the revenue
thIs 41st section repeals MAGNA
CHARTA the 29th chapter
as follows the words NO FREEMAN to by hIs peers
and the law of the land Whereon saId Lord Coke, speaking of Empson and Dudley,
the end of these two oppressors
shd/ deter others from comnuttlng the lIke
that they brIng not In absolute and partial trIals by dIrectIon
by every legal measure, SIrs, we recommend you
Natural tendency of the legal profeSSIon to sIde WIth authorIty freeholders and other InhabItants (CambrIdge 2. 1 Dec '72
Constitutional
means for redress natural rIghts charter rIght
money extorted from us, approprIated to the augmentatIon of burdens upon us
mdependent of grants of our commons attest
Andrew Boardman town clerk
Judges salaries shd/ be mdependent both of the king
and of the people great danger 1? commlSSlon hang upon either
a cIvIl commiSSIon gives no new powers tyranny In them to assume It
common lay of England, BIRTHRIGHT of every man here and at home
C not look on my self as m state of nature 384
? and 15 pIty that other man shd/'
Wm/ Brattle It IS the wish of almost all good men, replied Adams
that what Brattle states were good law
But from Edward FIrst's tIme to the present letters patent are otherwIse worded
SIC beneplacttu nostro Ad regIs nutum duratura
says Fortescue
chancellor WIll It be shown that by C Judges' Genl Brattle
means barons of Exchequer'
custos rotolorum and clerk of the peace
were created by statute not erected by common law
SIr Edward Coke, who beIng In KIng's dIspleasure,
was removed from his place by writ of the KIng
recitIng that whereas etc// / appoInted to desIst from
tImId Jurors and Judges who held durIng pleasure
ne\ter faIled to second the VIews of the Crown
he, James Second, was oblIged before he brought Hales' case to dIsplace 4 of hIs Judges
By concerts between King James and SIr Edward
hIs coachman was employed to bring actIon
Jones had the IntegrIty to tell the KIng to hIs fac. . e
that he might make 12. Judges but wd/ scarce find I2 lawyers of hIs opul1on
t WIshIng Genl Brattle success In hIS researches'
J Adams
By another clause (In our Charter)
that the great and general court or assembly
shd/ have power to erect JudIcatorIes courts of record
and other courts
to determIne pleas processes plaInts actions etc!
whereby a law (. 2. WIlham III) have establIshed etc! 385
? and In Edward IV thIs Beauchan1ps commiSSion was, for the uncertaInty, VOln
By letters patent and under great seal
m all shIres, counties palatme and In Wales
and any other domInIons
? LXVII
HEREOF memory of man runneth not to the contrary
Dome Book, Ina, Off, 1. nd Aethelbert, folcrtght
for a thousand years
and I must add that It appears to me extraordInary that a
gentleman educated under the great GamalIel, Mr Read, shd/ adduce the SIngle dIctum of a counsel at bar uttered arguendo, as an ornament to hIs dIscourse, not pertInent to hIS argument, as It thiS settled something
(by the great sages of law formerly and more latterly',
havmg behInd It no colour or pretence of other authorIty Aula regum, In Norman tImes splIt Into 4 courts,
the summus JustlclarlUS was laId by, lest he get Into
the throne as had Capet RegalIa prlnclpls (Saxon)
whence most of the prerogatIves of the Crown are derIved In those ages
JudiCIary a mere deputy of the King
In whose presence hIS (the Judge's) authorIty ceased cum delegans revocarIt (Bracton)
. . . . . . . .
Baastun Gazette '73
clear
as to definItIons
CHING
But he (BrattIe) has been extremely unfortunate In haVIng
Bracton, Fortescue, Coke, Foster, Hume, Rapin and Rushworth duectly agaInst hIm
the materials are at the servIce of the publIc
I leave them to Jewelers and lapidarIes to refine
to fabrIcate and to polIsh
de Burgh m a vain hope of perpetuatIng hIS power
1vIr ShIrley In 1754 confided to Dr FranklIn a secret
that IS a scheme for taxIng the colonIes by act of Parliament
387
? WHERETO Ben saId nuts
In a very accurate manner
C Gevernors' sez he t whose object IS In general to make fortunes'
ShIrley a skunk, Pownall a gentleman honest,
Bernard skIlled enough In the law to do mIschIef
and thus the total government was to be rendered wholly Independent of the people
and the cream to go mto theIr salarIes (governor's, lIeutenant's and Judges ')
(SIgned) Novanglus ThIs preposterous t nnprovement' of Mr GrenvIlle's
has wellnlgh rUln'd the whole OBSTA PRINCIPIIS
the army IS here merely a pubhck nUIsance
Does the SIncere wrIter really belIeve that the desIgn
of unposlng other taxes has been laId aSIde by the mInIstry
and of the new-modellmg of the government"> they had now the governor's salary out of the reveIlue
and a number of penSIons and places I WIsh Massachusetts knew what a democracy 15, what a republIC
Irrltat mulcet et falsls terroribus nnplet
colonIzatIon IS at common law a casus omzssus
no such tItle IS known In that law
no known punIshment at common law even for treasons commItted out of the realm
tIll Hen Vlllth
to catch CardInal Pole 1 e statute
Most fanatIcal that ever got Into human perIcranIum
that he had a rIght to all lands hIS subjects cd/ :6. nd, and even that mfers no rIght In ParlIament or
feudal, had rIght of contract (on that tack)
feudal kIng had no more rIght to absolute over Enghshmen out of the realm than In BrItaIn
In fact the Oily writer now leaps over law 388
? noW over fact now over charters and contracts
there IS no fundamental law that makes a kIng of England absolute anywhere except It be In conquered countrIes,
and an attempt forfeIts hIs rIght even to the lImIted crown for 150 years taxed themselves
and governed theIr Internal concerns Parll'\ment governed theIr trade
Wales was In some thIngs an analogy held of the crown but not parcel
Edwardus Deo GratIa Angllae
Dom lith et Dux AquItanlae terram Waillae cum Incolls BUIS 11l nostrae proprIetatIS dommlum
now partly to dlvert hIS subjects from the murder of Becket lays pretence
that the IrIsh had sold some EnglIsh as slaves AdrIan an EnglIshman by bIrth bemg pontIff
very clearly convInced of hIS own rIght to dIspose of kIngdoms and empIres and by power of pence of Peter
to establIsh an EmpIre of the World
that Henry's demand upon Ireland proceeded from pIOUS
motIves seeds of gospel etcetera fructIfy for Eirets eternal salvatIon
and obhge every house to pay yearly one penny to Rome Macmorral the raper and Rourke of Meath as our Junto and as to how IrIsh m Henry the Vth's tune were let Into
England
t shall put In surety for theIr good abearmg', contract called Poynlng's law,
consent of the IrIsh NatIon and an act In theIr parlIament (Poynlng's) EDGARDUS ANGLORUM BASILEUS
Insularum oceanl Imperator et domInus gratlam ago
Deo omnlp qUI meum unperlum
SIC ampIlavlt et explIcavlt super regnum patrum meorum concesslt propItla dlvmltatIs
HIbernIa habet parlIamentum (VIde SIr J PJ1kmgton)s case)
389
? majesty neal the seventy, amIable successor
educated under care of my nearest frIends
mIlItant SpirIt, and the natIon under a very large debt How shall we manage It~ these noblemen and 19noblemen words of Lord Mansfield and hIs admIrer (governor
HutchInson) AMERICAN governments never were erected by parhament
these regalta and JurIsdIctIons not gIven by parlIament a lIttle knowledge of the subject wIll do us no harm Chester a palatme county and had Jure regalza
Great seal dId not run Into Chester
for remedy 3 knIghts of shire
1 burgesses of the CIty estabhshed
Chester In crown and realm exempt from authorIty
how qUIckly granted representatIon when asked It
t In Durham Queen's wrIt hath not run'
25 Charles II be represented by knIghts and by burgesses true our OIly opponent
has here more zeal than knowIng NatIon was not polIte enough
to have Introduced any such phrase or Idea mto our charter not one farthIng ever was voted
or gIven by KIng or hIS Parhament
Style royal'> as kIng over France~ Ireland'> Scotland or
England?
seals, leagues, COIn are prerogatIve absolute seals, leagues, COIn are prerogatIve absolute to the kmg wIthout parlIament
not restraIned to any assent of the people homage, fealty are to the person
can not be to body polItIC
the kmg might have commanded them to return but he dId not
In the Boston Gazette 17th ApJ. Il Hosttlltles at LexIngton commenced on the 19th of AprIl several other papers were wrltten and sent to the prlnt~l
39?
? and probably lost amId that confusloll
(note to the 1819 edltl0:l of NOVANGLUS)
PLAN OF GOVERNMENT
('76 or '75 from Phlladelphy)
to R H Lee of VlIgmla
on sudden emergency
legislative, executive and JudIcial Printer John Dunlap
as lIkewIse to Mr Wythe of VIrgInia some forms are better than others happlness of SOCIety IS theIr aIm
KUNG Zoroaster Socrates and Mahomet
C not to mentIon other authorItIes really sacred'
fear renders men stupId and miserable
honour IS a mere fragment of Vlrtue, yet sacred foundatIon of every government In some prmclple
or passion of the people
ma che SI set/te dzcho
Locke MIlton Nedham NeVIlle Burnet and Hoadly empire of law~ not of men
Be In mInIature a portraIt of the people at lalge (the representatIve body)
of learnIng and experIence of the laws, exemplary morals great patIence calmness attel1tIon
not dependent on any body of men Judges, ExecutIve
secrecy and dIspatch whence
a great assembly can not execute, It IS too clumsy The colonIes under such trIple government wd/ be Unconquerable by all the monarchs of Europe
Ifew of the human race have had opportunIty lIke thIS
to make electIon of government, more than of aIr, sou or cllIXlate
When before have 3 mIllIon people had optIon of the total fOlm of theIr government)
(Pat Henry, thus contInuIng)
I put up WIth the DeclaratIon for unanImIty's sale 391
? It IS not pOinted as I wd/ make It
Colonel Nelson IS carrymg our resolutIon
lest the enemy be before us In ParIS confederacy must precede open allIance
the arguments that delegate Bracton favours
are weak shallow evasIve wd/ to God you and Sam Adams
were here In Vlrgt. nla
1? all yrf features can not be kept here
at least we wIll keep some famIly lIkeness wIll you and S A now and then wrIte
Prmted by John Taylor of Carohne In 1814
To John Penn '76 from J Adams
no more agreeable employment
than the study of the best kInd of government to determIne form you must determIne the end
(that IS purpose)
single assembly IS liable to all the vIces folItes and frailtIes
prerogatIves, badges of slavery
(similarly to Jonathan Sergeant, he
requiring explicit advIce as to takIng up powers of government) FIxed laws of theIr own making
equitable mode of making the laws
Impartial and of apt execution Freeholders of an estate of 3 L / per annum
or any estate to the value of 60 pounds Duty of legIslators and magtstrates
to cherish the Interest of lIterature and prmclples of good humour
(Constitution of Massachusetts) I was apprehensive In partIcular that
c: naturalhistory'and(goodh'llmOUr'wd/bestruckout, Wrote John 34 years later
It 18 slgntficant wrote Chawles FwancIs that persons
392.
? who have SInce been erected have not etc been greatly lIterate
and no publIc man down untIl 1850 expressed doubts of the tmmaculate nature of govvymlnt by the
majOrIty C EIther content wIth the U S constItutIons
or too tImid to speculate on constItutIons at large' representatives of the people susceptible to Improvement
(questIon') )
read Thucydides without horror'> words lost theIr SIgnIficance
Mr Hume has collected massacres from D 5lculus
most pohshed years of Greece
Ephesus three forty kIlled
Cyrenlans 500 nobles
Phaebldas banIshed 3 0 0 Boeotlans
In PhlhaSlQ they kIlled 3 0 0 people
at . . tEgesta, 40,000 men women and chIldren
kIlled for theIr money
take away armIes, the nobles wIll overturn every monarch
In Europe
and set up arIstocraCIes
No mtervIews WIth the gods by those on thIS serVIce
Grosvenor Sq 1787 but as arclutects consultIng VitruvIus and Pailadio
the young gents of lIterature In AmerIca to thIs kmd of enqUIry
doubted by TaCItus though he admIts the theory IS a
good one
factllus laudarl quam InvenIre vel haud dluturna
optnne modice confusa, saId CIcero
concors tamen effiCltul CIVItas consensu 393
? ubI JUStltl1. non est, nec JUs potest csc;e
San MarIno, the founder) a D1lmatlan by birth
and b}r trade a mason Whole hIstory of Geneva
the people have gIven up all balances betraymg thelr own rIghts and those of the magIstrates Into the hands of a fc. . . w prominent familles
nobles to trade In a general way
to carryon velvet, SIlk and cloth m'1nufacturles
Venice at first democratical
Anafeste's real merIt 5 massacred, 5 blInded and eXiled 9 deposed, one kIlled In a foreIgn wal
thus 2. 0 of 50 dages, plus 5 abdIcations
before they thought of lImltmg powers
and another . 200 ye2rs before plannIng a government an aristocracy 15 always more cunnIng
than an assembly of the people collectively armIes gIven to kIngs by the people
to keep down the nobles whereon nobles depend from the Clown
and the people are still under theIr dOmInatIon 2. thousand 5 hundred nobles in VenIce
the stadtholder from father to son
who after Lolme need wrIte of regal republIcs~ recent Instance
the Ukrame Insurrection only In Neuchatel
apXELV ,,0. ,? 4pXEu8al,
as In antlent Rhodes, probably In three branches
Jura orda aeqUltas leges ?
stadtholder, avoyer, alcalde, capitaneo? '> 1? Mons Turgot
has made any dIscovery
orders of officers, not of men In America
no dIstInct separation of legISlatIve, executIve and JudiCIal
heretofore save In England 394
? LXVIII
HE phtlosophers say one, the few, the many T RegIs optlmatlum popullque
as Lycurgus In Spart~a, reges, senlores et populus both greeks and ItalIans
archons, su:ffestes or consuls
AthenIans, Spartans, Thebans, Achalans
uSIng the people as Its mere dupe, as an undcr,\\rorkcl
a purchaser In trust for some tYlant dexterous In pulhng down, not In maintainIng Turgot takes a definItIon of the commonwealth
for a definitIon of lIberty
Where ambition IS every man's trade IS no ploughIng
How shall the plow be kept In hands of owners not hIrelIngs') Lycurgus
to the end that no branch by swellIng
to say that some parts of Plato and SIr Thos More
are as wIld as the ravings of Bedlam (found MIlton a dItherIng IdIot, tho' scud thIs wIth
more cIrcumspectIon)
Lowered Interest without annullIng the debt
In thIS transactIon There IS nothIng lIke It In the orIgInal Mr Pope has conformed It to the notIons
of EnglIshmen and AmerIcans
m TaCItus and In Homer, 3 orders, In Greece as In Germany a. nd mankInd dare not yet thInk upon
CONSTITUTIONS
t No man In AmerIca then belIeved me )
J A on hIS Davda, recollectIng
Be bubbled out of theIr lIbertIes by a few large names,
Hume, probably not havmg read them Whether the kmg of the Franks had a negative on that
395
assembly
? t forwald young man' wrote the CrltIc
on an unsIgned J A (J A beIng then 53 and VIce
presIdent)
Pharamond on the banks of the Sala
here agam the frencll Jargon
not one clear Idea what they mean by
(all authorIty'
MISERIA scrvltus, ubI JUs v'lgum
prunltlve man was gregarIOUS, paSSIons, appetItes and
to be observed, commended esteemed
I take It Mr HIllhouse IS SIncere yet wd/ It not be more representative
to say that every colony had a governor, a counCIl, senate and house
none of which went by heredIty">
E1ntSSarlCS of Blztat1t ana Fra1zce cd/ speak and hold caucuses
CommiSSIon to France '77
C chased enemy half a mIle' (Lafayette headIng some Morgan's rifles)
Henry Laurens t gIve me le1. ve to present you an Introductory letter to
Mons Ie Comtc de BroglIe'
De Klab
( In my entertaInIng them wIth the best correspondence'
Lafayette
(t m the noble cause we are fightIng for')
t novelty of the scene, the mexperlence of the actors
agaInst paYIng for thIngs we haven't ordered'
J Adams
t U S wIll doubtless grant some facilltles to
french prIvateers'
In much larger sums than In the ordInary course of busmess IS needed
De Sartlne
396
predIlectIons
? Congress havIng borrowed large sums of this
paper money from Its possessors
upon Interest
and promIsed payment of that In Europe
B Fr A Lee J A
to Vergennes
to know how you (Beaumarchals) claun the Theresa
as your proper vessel, because M Monthleu claIms her as hIS Demurrage of her, part of whIch we have paid
and John BaptIste
Lazarus agent of Caron de Beaumarchals representatIve of Roderlque Hortalez
C consecrated my house to Dr FranklIn and aSSOCIates was understood I shd/ expect no
compensatIon
I beg leave you permIt thiS to remain
Ray de Chaumont
As to BersolIe, charges for repaIr of the Drake
shd/ be Jones's
supphes or slops to the Ranger
shdl be Jones's (Paul Jones's) as the Chatham belongs 1/2 to the publIC
1/. 1 to the capturers
charges shdl be 112. to mOttle munItions and repairs to the Ranger
to us
B F A Lee J A commISSIoners to Schwelghauser, banker
Whatever vessels of war are sent to AmerIca
shd/ be plentIfully supplIed WIth marme woollen cloths blankets, mIttens
dIfficult WIthout these In cold season
the commISSIoners, FranklIn A Lee J Adams
to de Sartme 397
? It 15 certaIn that a loan of money IS very nluch wanted aflly/ to Master JohnnIe
and belIeve me wIth gt/ esteem, Sir, B, Frankhn
Leghorn, If VIenna receIve an American minIster
also 2. acts of the 4th and 15th ascertainIng yr/ sal'1ry
and makIng provISIon for yrl subsIstence In France HuntIngton, presldent
My Dear General
The skill of our enemy (England)
In forging false news annual custom to send out these cargoes of lIes It IS
their way of paSSIng the winter thus by t appeasing the troubles In Ireland)
by contracts WIth German prlncec; and especially Petersburg 2. 0,000 rUSSIans
I 2. ShIPS of the hne
also Denmark 45 vessels (lIne)
(to La Fayette and to Genet)
t the art of polltlcallYlng In England better than elc;ewhere) 19th (next day)
C no contracts WIth German prInces' Mr Burke's bIll not yet beIng publIc
Mr Fox's severe observations on Govr/ Hutchinson the precise pomt of the solstice
says Bolingbroke they In SinkIng scale do not eaSIly cast off habItual
C For the calling and cancellation of
has In general been well rec'd'
prejudIce
2 0 0 millIon dollars
Elbrldgr Gerry
demands of the treasury generally answered by warrants
Says Vergennes for t;trangers? 398
@$40toI InspeCIe
? <<The deprecIatIon of paper, a ta"t (T, A, X, ta'C) the AmerIcans have laId on themselves
If french be oblIged to submIt they wIll be vIctlm~ of zeal or their rashness In supplyIng the AmerIcans wIth arms, clothes and munItIons'
De Velgennls (I thank yr/ Excellency for the confidence,
do you mean that the ChevalIer de Luzerne has
alJ. eady reed/ such InstructIons or that the)' are on then
way to hlm~
Let me quote you some prIces In Boston, foreIgners have profited by the dIfference between slIver and bIlls of exchange
that IS papel $25 to I of slIver
but no more than 12 paper for One In bIll of exchange also dIfference In paper as between Boston and Phlladplphla If any european merchant can show good cause fot
exceptIon I doubt not we wIll do JustIce to hIm '
MazzeI lIttle hope of success @ so Iowan Interelit
more offered by powers of Europe (to T Jefferson)
Keeps good company, devoted to you, Wythe and the gentlemen of VIrgInIa, know not how you feel toward hIm (Value dl1ferently fron1 yourself, SIr, the
unIon whIch subSIsts between France and the U S and that France may deserve some preference
over other powers
who have no treaty wIth Amellca and who ha"e not even
her Independence '
Army dIsCIplIne greatly Improved Rush
acknowledged de Vergennes
~ If the french fleet shd/ consIstently remaIn on that coast) (to de Vergennes)
(Nat able on reflectIon to see Wh}T 399
? I shd/ not have publIshed my powers 111 February'
(To Vergennes, July 17)
that I had IntentIon of gOIng to Amsterdam
no arguments but force respected In Europe
to show U S the Importance of an early attentlon to language for ascertaInIng the language
ChIng Mlng
Mr BIcker , that I shd/ consider what houses were connected wIth England
and also whIch had (other connectIons'
equally lIkely to hmder the loan or defeat It
(meanIng, I found, the French mInIstry) and whIch not of credIt suffiCIent
(partIcularly Neufvllie) prOVISIon for negotIatIng the capltal 2. %
for undertakers to furnish the capItal 2. % Brokerage 1/2. %expenses stamped paper l/Z amortIzatIon 2 1/4
for 3 mdhon gUIlders
I answered Mr Calkoen's questIons In writIng conversatIon by Interpreters being heavy
and he then read them to a society
and thus began to be known that
wd/ be burdensome for us to go on ten years With the war but for the Enghsh equally so
The takmg of Charleston has not strengthened them
on the contrary
when England borrows each year a sum. equal
to all her exports shd/ we be laughed at for
wantmg to borrow up to 1/12. th (one twelfth)
of our exports?
4? 0
? We shd/ send regular mmlsters
c Lautens, d011t Ia facheuse catastrophe me desole
(captured by England) un parent me temolgne de l'lDclmation d'y placer
vIngt mIlle florIns d'Hollande'
van der Capellen
Yen der Kemp peut etre de grand utilite pour Ie Congres (KIng of Spam so good as to offer hIs surety
for Interest and the capItal ' PSI find the sum he wd/ guarantee IS
B FranklIn 150,000 dollars
payable In 3 years
No consIderable sum here obtamable as Monsieur Necker IS makIng a loan
(meanmg placmg one)
depuls qU'l! (Mr Laurens) est enferme a 1a Tour
(1 e the towYer of London) America IS wIllIng to gIve a Just Interest
t MortIer and Meerkemaer act under Mssrs Staphorst
I am sorry Mr Blomberg IS III
I think them (the two Tenkate) are capable
but found them so lIable to Influence that I never cd/ close Mr Van V! oten 15 at Utrecht'
H BIcker t but have never obtaIned any lnoney
(12. Nov 1780)
nor the least hope of obtamlng ,
JA Whether SIr Jo Yorke after 20 years residence
IS Ignorant of the Dutch constItution or IS merely Insulting
Burgomasters of Amsterdam are one
Integral branch of the sovereignty
and dIslIkIng the french they famIlIarIzed to call 4? 1
? [,ngland the natural ally
KIng of rng11nd demands 1U111,! Jl1U? l1t of the regents
( la persecutlon contre M \11. 11 Bercl"cI
et ses c01nplJces'
de ne pas presser votre depart
les affalres crIse temps pourralt
but des Angla15 outre celul d'alnuscr la repubhque d'Holland
loss of Charleston
Dutch have JOIned the neutrahty tout credlt SOIt d'un peuple SOlt d'un partIculler
de deux chases
l'0plnlon de Ia bonne ? 01
et de la posslblhte
OU 11 se trouve de faire face Aff'aues (Xmas day, Amsterdam) stIll suspended
but stockjobbing goes on uninterruptedly
at coffee houses on Sundays and holIdays when It cannot be held upon 'change
C What they cd! le1. rn from Dutch hIstory
or french of the last . 25 years'
J A 19 years later
4? 2.
Capellen de Pol
? ][
LXIX
N whIch case a mInIster here from Congress wd/ be useful If the neutralIty, ~ m'l1 t ster to all nl. utral courts
mIght be useful
Dec 3I Amsterdam 1780 1st Jan PhIladelphia I78I
yr/ commISSIon plenipotentIary sent hereWIth Huntmgton, PreSIdent
for a secret address you may send under cover
a
Madame la veuve de M Henry Schorn
op de Agsterburg wal by de Hoogstraat depreCIatIon of money a TAX on the people
paId In advance and
therefore prevents the publIC from beIng found In debt, true
It IS an unequal tax and causes perplexIty
but by no means dIsables the people from carryIng on the war Merchants, farmers, tradesmen and labourers gaIn
they are the moneyed n1en,
The capItalISts those who have money at 111terest
or those on fixed salarIes
England has Increased her debt 60 mIllion ours IS not over 6 mIllion
lose
who can hold out the longer) the depreCIatIon has not tended to make the people
submit to BrItaIn 1 2 mIllIon
. 200 mIllIon SIX
AmerIcan exports 1774, EnglIsh debt
the AmerIcan debt only
a brItIsh mInIster and stock-Jobber Vergennes IS fixedly resolved to commIt hImself to nothIng not even hIS treaty WIth the U Snow eXlStlng
4? 3
? For the purpose of chlc1nlng the U S out of their hbertv thIs congress proposed at \Tlcnna with the two Elnperors
part of :England's p'llavcr
La Cour de Londres eludera autant et aUSSl long qu'elle peut l'aveu dIrect
OU IndIrect de 1'1ndepcndcn~c des Et:lts UnlS Cornwalhs' fate has emboldened the Hollanders
Crops 1n U S finest known
t 12,000 florIns, J'al honte d'etre Hollandals'
<< 2. burgomasters, 2. schepens and a pensIonary'
t I belIeve thIs set receive ample salaries
to resist AmerIcan loan
BrItIsh mInIsters, Dutch court, and the holders of
EnglIsh stocks' (to Frankhn Jan 25)
that the prOVInce of Friesland and M Berdsma be remembered that Mr Adams be admItted mlnlstel from
the congress of the USN A resolved In the PrOVInce House (Frlesland )
to treat WIth the hanseatIc
I found the old gentleman perfectly sound In hIS
system of politics
very poor opInIon of the new mInistry
and of the precedmg, Insmcerlty duplICity Shelbourne still flatters the
King With Ideas of CONciliatIon all to raise the prIce of stocks
Amsterdam 26 AprIl 1? the houses Flseaux, Hodshon, Crommehns, van Staphorst
5 millIon by August
Le corps des negoclants de cette VIlle
souhaltant JOlndre leurs acclamatIons aceux de toute la natIon J NaUet, Schledam
4? 4
6 J a n
Capellen
4 Dec '81
? tOn m'a dIt que ces MessIeurs de Schledam donnent ce repas de cent couverts
et qu'll y aura beaucoup de personnes de Rotterdam' Dumas
It IS true I may open a loan for 5 mdhon cash IS not InfinIte In thIS country
WE THEREFORE (May 11th 1780)
accept the terms you propose 4 I 14th%for remedIum
Wllhnck Staphorst FynJe
WII1mck etc
the mInIster of the Emperor IS 90 years of age and
never appears
Oswald's credentIals to treat WIth the t U S A (named speclficly)
after thIS statuum quorum My Dear General (Lafayette)
millIon and a half, of the 3 mullon, In cash Amsterdam Sept 19
Treaty ready by monday (J A. to Jefferson) 7 Oct '82
that France WIll not
be m necessIty of purchaSIng from RUSSIa
after the war as she can then get some from AmerIca' The KIng's loans do not fill
ParIS, 7th November Vergennes certaInly knows thIS or IS not evell
an European statesman 4? 5
the words pIddlmg etc/ once cost me very dear If you wdj open for 3 mIllIon at first
Van Vloten and I have agreed 3000 bonds @ 1000 francs each
? avoId too wcat dependence
on any one po",er In Etlrop<. .
Nous sommes en attendant charmcs de VOIr
que les etats des 1utres pro\Inces et consequelnment Ia repubhque entlcre ont, a l'eJi. cmple des Etats de Frlse
reconnu 'ilgned Le~ membrcs de Ii SOcIete BourgeoIse
de Leeuwarde W W opklns \T Cats
S P Q Arnst faustlss1mo foederc Juncta
(on a medal)
factIons, cabals, and slanders
many thIngs saId to me, false, more I suspect
and yet others wd/ do no good If repeated London May 2. 7 1785
to hIs Majesty In hIS closet
To T J/ of rUInIng our CarrYIng trade 1? thC}T can
(rCm1. 1nlng page clphcled) Bet,,! een St James and Vcrsadlcs
ACT of navlg1tlon 12. Car II, (. . 18 navIgatIon by an AmerJcan master
three fourths of the seamen AmerIcan bubbles of our own philosophlcal liberality
(to Jay, I9 Aug '85 and of the U S which wd/ :find market In Barbary
1? both governments are possessed of the contents of my letter by openmg It In the post office
Mr Pitt said that wd/ surprIse people here for that wars never Interrupted
the Interest of DEBTS Fat of the spermaceti whale
gIves the clearest
and most beautIful lIght of any substance known In nature
406
? Consequence that Portugal has, for four score years, clothed herself In BrItIsh woolens lIke any BrItIsh colony and has never been able to mtroduce woollen manufacturles
at home
ParIS 1787
(ThIS country wIll WIthIn the next 12. or 15 years come to a pretty good constltutl. On '
Yrs/ Lafayette
To T Jefferson
(You fear the one, I the few'
In thlS matter of redeemIng certIficates that were used paym' the sOJers
vignette 1. 11. 111argZ11e
KIng, Sam Johnson of N Carol1na
SmIth (W ) S CarolIna, Wadsworth (JeremIah J Lawrell~e, BIngham, Carro] of Calrolton gone pIss-rotten for HamIlton
Cabot, FIsher Ames, Thom1s WIUlJ'g
Robt MorrIs, SedgwIck
AND the BrItIsh Islands have drunk no other than Port, LIsbon and MadeIra
Jlthough the WInes of France are much better HIS LordshIp WIshed so too
MIllIon gUIlders new loan from Holland
squad of the pmk-halred snot traItors blacker than Arnold
blacker than Bancroft
per l'argtne szntstra a1en1zo volta behInd that mask Mr Schuyler (FIlIPPo) these the betrayers, these the sdilldes advance guard of hell's oIlIness
In theIr progeny no repentence
ljltltldf, Coelto, Cassto 1nenz,b,~lto 4? 7
11atU1al b1. trella
? Mr lvladlson proposed that the orIginal holders ~hd I get face ,all.