No More Learning

833 The Field of Lies.
834 The Norsemen attack the Frankish Empire in force.
835 Resumption of Viking raids upon England.
840 Death of Einhard.
840-855 Reign of Lothar I.
840–876 Reign of Louis the German.
840–877 Reign of Charles the Bald.
841 Battle of Fontenoy (25 June).
841-891 Height of the Viking invasions.
842 Oath of Strasbourg (14 Feb. ).
843 Sack of St Peter's at Rome by the Saracens.
Treaty of Verdun (Aug. ). Division of the Frankish Empire.
844-860 Kenneth Mac Alpin of Scotland


## p. 647 (#693) ############################################

Chronological Table
647
845–882 Hincmar, archbishop of Rheims.
847 Pope Leo IV walls the Leonine City.
c. 850 Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals.
Rurik, the Scandinavian, of Russia.
851 The Danes first winter in Thanet.
855 Death of the Emperor Lothar I and division of his lands.
855-869 Reign of Lothar II in Lorraine.
855-875 Reign of the Emperor Louis II in Italy.
856 Death of Raban Maur.
857 Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople.
858–867 Pope Nicholas I.
859-862 Second expedition of the Norsemen to Spain and the Mediter-
ranean.
864 St Cyril and St Methodius among the Moravians.
867 Schism of East and West in the affair of Photius.
868 Death of Ratramn.
869 Death of Lothar II (8 Aug. ).
Charles the Bald crowned king of Lorraine (6 Oct. ).
Martyrdom of St Edmund.
c. 870 Harold Fairhair founds the kingdom of Norway.
870 Submission of East Anglia to the Northmen.
Partition of Lorraine at Meersen (8 Aug. ).
871 Battle of Ashdown.
871-899 Reign of Alfred the Great.
872–882 Pope John VIII.
874 The Norse begin to settle in Iceland.
875 Death of the Emperor Louis II (12 Aug. ).
Imperial Coronation of Charles the Bald (25 Dec. ).
876 Death of Louis the German (28 Aug. ).
Colonisation of Northumbria by the Danes.
877 Settlement of the Five Boroughs.
Assembly of Quierzy (14 June).
Death of Charles the Bald (6 Oct. ).
878 Battle of Edington.
Peace between Alfred and Guthrum at Chippenham (the so-called
Treaty of Wedmore).
879–887 Boso, king of Provence.
880 Treaty of Ribemont (all Lorraine ceded to Germany).
c. 880 Death of John Scottus (Erigena).
881-887 Charles the Fat as Emperor.
882 Death of Hincmar, archbishop of Rheims (21 Dec. ).
Murder of Pope John VIII. Triumph of Roman nobles.
884 Union of the Frankish kingdoms under the Emperor Charles the
Fat.
885 Recapture of London by Alfred, and Alfred and Guthrum's Peace.
885-887 The Northmen besiege Paris.
887 Final disruption of the Empire of Charles the Great.
887-899 Arnulf, king of Germany.
888-898 Odo, king of France.
888-911 or 912 Rodolph I, king of Jurane Burgundy.
c. 890 The Saracens seize Fraxinetum.
891 King Arnulf defeats the Northmen near Louvain.
895 The Magyars settle in Hungary.
896 Arnulf crowned Emperor.


## p. 648 (#694) ############################################

648
Chronological Table
898–923 Reign of Charles the Simple of France.
899-911 Reign of Louis the Child of Germany.
899-925 Reign of Edward the Elder.
900 The Hungarian ravages begin.
901 Louis (the Blind), now king of Italy, receives the Imperial Crown.
910 Foundation of Cluny.
911-918 Conrad I of Germany.
911 Convention of St Clair-sur-Epte, and definitive establishment of the
Northmen in France.
Beginning of the reconquest of the Danelaw.
Charles the Simple gains Lorraine.
912–919 Aethelfeda, Lady of the Mercians.
914-929 Pope John X.
915 Defeat of the Saracens at the Garigliano.
919-938 Henry I (the Fowler), king of Germany.
922 Revolt of France from the Carolingians.
925–939 Reign of Aethelstan.
925 Lorraine finally united to Germany.
926–945 Reign of Hugh of Provence in Italy (d. 948).
927-941 Odo, abbot of Cluny.
928–936 St Wenceslas (Václav), duke of Bohemia.
929 Death of Charles the Simple.
'Abd-ar-Raḥmān III declares himself Caliph in Spain.
c. 931-933 Treaty for the union of Burgundy and Provence.
932–954 Alberic, ruler of Rome.
933 Defeat of the Hungarians at Riade (15 Mar. ).
935 Death of Gorm the Old, king of Denmark.
935–970 Fernan Gonzalez, count of Castile.
936 Carolingian Restoration (Louis d'Outremer) in France.
936–973 Reign of Otto the Great.
937 Battle of Brunanburh.
939 Rebellion of the German dukes.
939–946 Reign of Edmund of England.
943 Dunstan made abbot of Glastonbury.
946-955 Reign of Eadred of England.
947 The Kalbite dynasty of Sicily founded.
950 Berengar II crowned king of Italy.
951-952 First expedition of Otto the Great to Italy.
953-954 Second rebellion of the German dukes.
954 England under one king.
954–994 Maiolus, abbot of Cluny.
954–986 Reign of Lothair in France.
955 Defeat of the Hungarians in the Lechfeld (10 Aug. ).
955-963(4) John XII (Octavian), Pope.
959-975 Reign of Edgar the Peaceable of England.
960 Final establishment of Otto's rule in Germany.
960-988 Dunstan, archbishop of Canterbury.
961-964 Otto's second expedition to Italy.
962 Otto the Great, Emperor of the West.
963 Deposition of Pope John XII (4 Dec. ), and election of Leo VIII, the
Emperor's nominee.
966-972 Otto's third expedition to Italy.
968 Adalbert, first archbishop of Magdeburg, appointed.
969 Conquest of Egypt by the Fatimites.


## p. 649 (#695) ############################################

Chronological Table
649
970–1035 Sancho the Great, king of Navarre.
972 Marriage of Otto II and Theophano.
Capture of Frainet (Fraxinetum).
973-983 Otto II, Emperor of the West.
975-978 Reign of Edward the Martyr of England.
977 War of the three Henries.
978-1002 Almanzor, prime minister in Spain.
978–1016 Reign of Aethelred the Unready.
980 Renewal of Scandinavian invasions of England.
c. 980-1040 Peace of God.
982 Otto II defeated by the Saracens. Revolt of the Wends from Ger-
many.
983 Otto II nominates a Lombard Pope (John XIV), the first to take a
papal name.
983-991 Regency of Theophano.
983–1002 Otto III, Emperor of the West.
985–996(8) Crescentius II, patrician of Rome.
987-996 Hugh Capet, king of France.
c. 989 Vladímir of Russia becomes Christian.
991-1009 Peter Orseolo II, doge of Venice.
992–1025 Boleslav (Bolesław) Chrobry, duke of Poland.
994-1049 Odilo, abbot of Cluny.
996 Otto III nominates a German Pope (Gregory V).
996–1037 Reign of Robert the Pious of France.
999 Otto III nominates a French Pope (Sylvester II).
1000 The Hungarians become Christian under St Stephen.
Foundation of the archbishopric of Gnesen for Poland.
1000–1025 Burchard, bishop of Worms, canonist.
1001 St Stephen crowned king of Hungary.
Foundation of the archbishopric of Gran for Hungary.
1002 Death of the Emperor Otto III (23 Jan. ).
Massacre of St Brice's Day.
Saracens defeated at Bari by the Venetians.
1002–1012 John Crescentius (III), patrician of Rome.
1002–1014 Reign of Ardoin of Ivrea in Italy.
1002–1024 Reign of Henry II, Emperor of the West.
1003 Death of Pope Sylvester II (Gerbert).
1004 Henry II crowned king of the Lombards at Pavia.
Richard, abbot of St Vannes.
1007 Establishment of the see of Bamberg.
1007-1029 Fulbert, bishop of Chartres.
1012 Murder of Archbishop Alphege (Aelfheah).
1012–1024 Benedict VIII (of Tusculum), Pope.
1012–1044 Counts of Tusculum supreme in Rome.
1013 Triumph of Svein in England.
1014 Death of Svein (Feb. ).
Imperial coronation of Henry II at Rome.
Defeat of the Vikings at Clontarf by Brian Boru.
1016 Death of Edmund Ironside.
Revolt of Melo in Apulia.
1017-1035 Reign of King Knut the Great.
1018 Treaty of Bautzen.
1024 Death of Pope Benedict VIII.
Death of Henry II.


## p. 650 (#696) ############################################

1
650
Chronological Table
1024_1039 Reign of Conrad II the Salic.
1027 Conrad II crowned Emperor at Rome.
1030 Ranulf becomes count of Aversa.
1031 Abolition of the Caliphate in Spain.
1031–1060 Reign of Henry I of France.
1032 Death of Rodolph III of Burgundy.
Ferdinand I, first king of Castile.
1033-1034 Acquisition of Burgundy by Conrad II.
1034-1058 Reign of Casimir I of Poland.
1035 Foundation of the State of Aragon by Ramiro I Sanchez.
1035–1076 Raymond-Berengar I of Barcelona.
1037 Conrad's Constitutio de feudis for Italy.
1037–1055 Břatislav I, duke of Bohemia.
1038 (? ) Conrad II declares Roman Law the territorial law of Rome.
1038 Death of St Stephen of Hungary.
1039 Death of Conrad II (4 June), and accession of Henry III as king
of Germany, Italy, and Burgundy.
Beginning of the Truce of God.
1042 Accession of Edward the Confessor.
1042–1048 Wazo, bishop of Liège.
1043 The “Day of Indulgence. ”
William de Hauteville, count of Apulia.
1046 Henry IIl's coronation as Emperor; he reforms the Papacy. Synod
of Sutri.
1046–1047 Pope Clement II (Suidger of Bamberg).
1049 Death of Odilo, abbot of Cluny.
1049–1054 Pope Leo IX (Bruno of Toul).
1053 Battle of Civitate.
Death of Earl Godwin.
1054 Battle of Dunsinane.
Schism of East and West.
1055–1057 Pope Victor II.
1056 Death of Henry III and succession of Henry IV.
1060-1108 Reign of Philip I of France.
1066 Death of Edward the Confessor.
1079 First Norse king of the Isle of Man.
NOTE
For the transliteration of Slavonic names there has been adopted the scheme
given in the Proceedings of the British Academy, Vol. vur; for Oriental names that
used in the publications of the Royal Asiatic Society.


## p. 651 (#697) ############################################

651
INDEX
.
Adalard, Bishop of Reggio, 158
Adalard, Bishop of Verona, aids Louis (the
Blind), 149
Adalard, Count Palatine, 3
Adalbero, Archbishop of Rheims, 80, 209;
charged with treason, 81 sqq. ; correspond-
ence of, 81; 536; death of, 99
Adalbero, Archbishop of Trèves, 238, 248
Adalbero, Bishop of Laon. See Asselin
Adalbero, Bishop of Metz, 197; 200
Adalbero (III), Bishop of Metz, 293
Adalbero, Bishop of Verdun, 209 sq.
Adalbero of Eppenstein, Bishop of Bamberg,
297
Adalbero of Eppenstein, Duke of Carinthia;
made Duke, 239, 249, 253; deposed, 269 sq. ,
Aar, river, 26, and Burgundy, 136, 180 note
Aargau, seized by Rodolph II, 136
Aarhus, see of, founded, 192
Abacus, revived by Gerbert, 536
Abbasid Caliphs, 413, 419; in Africa, 410,
413
Abbo of St Germain, 497, 529
Abdallāh, becomes Emir of Spain, 418 sq. ;
420; 433
'Abdallāh, son of Tarūb, 416
*Abd-al-Malik, Governor of Spain, 409
Abd-ar-Rahmān, Emir of Spain, 409
*Abd-ar-Rahmān ibn Mu'āwiya, Emir of
Spain, early life of, 410; enters Spain, 411;
becomes Emir, 412 sq. ; 415; independent
of the Caliphate of Bagdad, 430; builds a
mosque at Cordova, 432, 436
*Abd-ar-Rahmān II, Emir of Spain; as
prince, 414; reign of, 415 sqq. ; the Spanish
March and, 8; the Vikings and, 317, 416;
social conditions under, 429, 432
'Abd-ar-Rahmān III, Emir of Spain; and
the Spanish party, 419 sqq. ; takes the title
of Caliph, 421; wars with Leon, 420 sqq. ;
with Navarre, 421; African policy, 421 sqq. ;
character and death of, 423; library of,
435; trade and society under, 428, 431 sq.
*Abd-ar-Raḥmān, son of Hakam II, 424
'Abd-ar-Raḥmān, son of Ibn Hajjāj, 419
'Abd-ar-Rahmān, “Sanchuelo," 427
Abdias, Apostolic History of, 497
Aberffraw, 342
Abingdon, abbey at, 374, 404; abbots of, see
Aethelwold, Siward, Spearhafoc
Abotrites. See Obotrites
Abraham, Bishop of Freising, imprisoned,
205; 218
Abraham, Testament of, 505
Abruzzans, the, 155
Abruzzi, the, bishopric in, 166; Paldolf of
Capua in, 268
Abū Hafs Omar al-Balluţi, 415
Abulaz. See Hakam I
Abu'l-ķāsim, Sicilian emir, 169, 176
Abu-l-Khattár, Governor of Spain, 409
Abu-Marwan, at Saragossa, 8
Abū-s-Şabbāḥ, cited, 412 note
Abu Yazid, Berber chief, 422
Acca, cross of, 555
Acircius, identified, 493 note
Acqui, 240; see of, 175
Adalard, Abbot of Corbie, 2, 12
Adalard, Abbot of Saint-Bertin, 35 sqq.
274; death of, 277; 297
Adalbert, King of Italy, 158; submits to
Otto I, 159, 195 ; wars with Otto I, 160 sqq. ;
escapes to the Saracens, 162; leads revolt,
166 sq. ; death of, 167; 201; 247
Adalbert, Provost of Halberstadt, made Arch-
bishop of Bremen, 289 sq. ; declines Papacy,
291 ; Duke Bernard and, 293 sq. , 305 ;
negotiates treaty with Svein, 294; strained
relations with Svein, 296 sq. ; ecclesiastical
ambitions of, 297, 305 sq.
Adalbert, monk, missionary to Russia,
201 sq. ; Archbishop of Magdeburg, 202
Adalbert, Archbishop of Ravenna, 242 sq.
Adalbert, St, Bishop of Prague, xvi sq. ; 173;
300
Adalbert, Duke of Upper Lorraine, 293 sq.
Adalbert I, Duke (Marquess) of Tuscany, 48;
war with John VIII, 55 sq.
Adalbert II, the Rich, Marquess of Tuscany,
submits to Emperor Guy, 65; plots against
Berengar I, 148 sq. ; Sergius III and, 151
Adalbert, Marquess of Ivrea, 148; and
Rodolph II, 136, 152 sq. ; 157
Adalbert-Atto, of Canossa; and Queen Ade-
laide, 158 sq. ; Count of Modena and Reggio,
163
Adalbert of Babenberg, 68
Adalbert, of Babenberg, Margrave of Austria,
295; 298; 303
Adalbert, veteran of Charles the Great, 530
Adalbold, Bishop of Utrecht, 249
Adalman, contests see of Milan, 158; resigns,
160
Adam, Life of, 506
Adamnan, Abbot of Hy (Iona), Life of Co-
lumba by, 504, 507; 506


## p. 652 (#698) ############################################

652
Index
Adamnan, Vision of, 505
Adananus. See Adamnan
Adela, wife of Baldwin of Lille, Count of
Flanders, 111
Adelaide, Empress, marries Lothar II, King
of Italy, 140, 156, 158, 194; marries Em-
peror Otto I, 140 sq. , 159, 162, 195, 205
note; Otto II and, 168, 207, 209; Otto III
and, 171, 210 sq. ; sole regent, 211;
Bavarian family and, 205; retires from
court, 207; her party, 205, 209; regent in
Italy, 209; death of, 141, 143 note; 174
Adelaide, wife of Louis II the Stammerer,
57, 77 note
Adelaide, wife of Louis V, 91
Adelaide, Abbess of Quedlinburg, 276, 290;
Abbess of Gandersheim, 287
Adelaide, daughter of Henry III, Abbess of
Quedlinburg, 276
Adelaide of Anjou, 104
Adelaide of Turin,marries Herman of Swabia,
265; marries Otto of Savoy, 299
Adelaide, heiress of Vermandois, 116 note
Adelchis, Prince of Benevento, 46, 50
Adelelmus. See Aldhelm
Adémar of Chabannes, cited, 129
Ademar, Marquess of Spoleto, made Prince
of Capua, 176
Adige, river, Henry II checked at, 224
Adoptionism, heresy, 516, 523, 532 sq.
Adso, Abbot of Montièrender, 536
Aedh Finnliath (Mac-Niall), King of Ireland,
317
Aegilwi, mother of Judith, 13
Aelfgar, Earl of East Anglia, 394 sq. ; allies
with the Welsh, 396; Earl of Mercia, 397
Aelfgifu of Northampton, 386, 388 sq.
Aelfheah (Alphege), Archbishop of Canter-
bury, murder of, 331, 383; 388
Aelfheah, Bishop of Winchester, 373 sq.
Aelfhere, 378 sq. , 382
Aelfric, Archbishop elect of Canterbury, 393
Aelfric, Abbot of Eynsham, 488, 537
Aelfthryth, 378 and note, 379
Aelle, King of Northumbria, 319, 350 sq.
Aeneas of Paris, 533
Aesop, fables of, in Ireland, 503
Aethelbald, King of Wessex, revolts from his
father, 349 sq. ; disastrous reign, 350
Aethelbert, King of Wessex, 350
Aethelfleda, Lady of the Mercians; marries
Aethelred, 359; wars with Danes and
Welsh, 363 sq. ; 323; death of, 364; 365;
373
Aethelheard, Archbishop of Canterbury, 343
Aethelhelm, attacks Edward the Elder, 360
Aethelmund, 344
Aethelnoth, alderman, 355
Aethelnoth, Archbishop of Canterbury, 387,
389
Aethelred I, King of Wessex, 350; and
Vikings in Mercia, 351; 319; at battle of
Ashdown, 352
Aethelred II, King of England; birth of, 378;
minority of, 379 sq. ; buys off the Danes,
381 sq. ; 324; massacre of St Brice's Day,
382; 325; flight to Normandy, 383; return
of, 384; death of, 385; laws of, 338
Aethelred of Gloucester, Duke of Mercia;
allies with Alfred, 356 sqq. ; receives land
ceded by Guthrum, 359; and Aethelwald's
rising, 361; war with Welsh and Danes,
362 sq. ; founds Gloucester Abbey, 373 ;
death of, 363
Aethelred, King of Northumbria, 341
Aethelred Mucel, 352
Aethelstan, ruler of East Anglia, 346
Aethelstan, King of Wessex; in Mercia, 363;
wars of 366; 323; reforms of, 366 sqq. ;
77, 83; 183
Aethelstan Half-King, Duke of East Anglia;
370; 378 note; Edgar's revolt, 372; founds
Ramsey Abbey, 375
Aethelwald, attacks Edward the Elder, 360 sq.
Aethelweard, Fabius, cited, 355, 529
Aethelweard, of West Wessex, 387
Aethelwin, Duke of East Anglia, 375, 379
Aethelwold, Abbotof Abingdon; made Bishop
of Winchester, 374; monastic reforms of,
374 sq. ; translates rule of St Benedict, 375,
377 ; obtains church franchises, 376 sqq. ;
death of, 379
Aethelwulf, son of Ecgbert, King of Wessex,
352; subdues Kent, 345 sq. ; becomes King,
347 sq. ; his Donation, 348 sq. ; visits Rome,
349; death of, 350; 39
Aethicus Ister, Cosmography of, 500
Africa, 'Abd-ar-Raḥmān I in, 410 sq. ; Fáti-
mite Caliphate in, 419, 424, 431; 'Abd-ar.
Rahmān III and, 421 sq. ; learning and
letters in, 488 sq. ; art and architecture
in, 539, 547, 552; trade with, 433
Agapetus I, Pope, 486
Agapetus II, Pope, obstructs Otto I, 159;
dies, 161; 194 sq. ; 202
Ageltrude, Empress, 65 sqq. , 149, 454
Aghlabid dynasty, the, of ķairawān, 149 sq.
Agius, biographer of Hathumoda, 529 sq.
Agnellus, biographer, 534
Agnes of Poitou, Empress; 287, 292; early
life of, 283 sq. ; marries Henry III, 275,
280, 291, 306; Burgundy and, 146
Agnes, wife of Geoffrey Martel, 283
Agnes of Weimar, 290
Agobard, Archbishop of Lyons, partisan of
Lothar, 17, 19, 448; deposed, 20, 450 ;
writings of, 520; cited, 9 sq. ; 12
Agoût, river, the, 31
Aguilar. See Polei
Ahmad ibn Maslama, Governor of Seville,420
Aḥmad ibn Mu'awiya, claims to be the Mahdi,
420
Aidan, St, shrine of, 354
Ailbe, Irish saint, 501; life of, 505
Aileran the Wise, 507
Ailisios, architect, 547
Aimé of Monte Cassino, cited,
Aimeri of Courron, 119
Ainsa, 410
Aire, river, 370


## p. 653 (#699) ############################################

Index
653
A'isha, 435
Aisne, battle of the, 208
Aistulf, King of the Lombards, 454
Aix-la-Chapelle, burnt by Danes, 59; cap-
tured by Lothair, 80, 207; assemblies at
(814) 3; 2; (817) 6, 9 sqq. ; (831) 15 sq. ;
(836) 20; (837) 21; (860) 39; (861) 40, 42;
Judith at, 14; 19, 25, 28, 52, 68; Otto I
crowned at, 187 sq. ; 195; Otto II crowned
at, 201, 204; Otto III crowned at, 209;
Otto III buried at, 214, 216; Henry II
acknowledged at, 218; Dukes of Lorraine
submit at, 257; Henry III crowned at,
269, 273, 287; 275, 278; Godfrey of Lor-
raine deposed at, 286; Godfrey of Lorraine
restored at, 289; Henry IV crowned at,
298; Charlemagne's brazen eagle at, 207
note; his palatine church at, 557, 560 sqq. ,
567; his tomb at, 213 sq. ; bronzes at, 559;
Theodoric's statue at, 522
“Akabat-al-bakar, battle of, 427
Alan Fergent, Duke of Brittany, 128
Alanje, 421
Albano, Bishop of. See Richard
Albdann. See Halfdanr.
Alberada, ancestress of Agnes of Poitou, 283
note 2
Alberic, Marquess of Spoleto, 151 sq. , 153 sq.
Alberic, Senator of the Romans, rules in
Rome, 154 sq. ; opposes Otto I, 159; death
of, 161; 166, 168, 171, 178, 455
Albert I, Count of Vermandois, 83
Albizo, aids Aribert of Milan's escape, 266
Albrand, Archbishop of Bremen, 305
Alchfrid, son of Oswy, 555
Alcuin, 514 sq. , 520; works of, 516; letters
of, 343, 515; opposes Adoptionism, 523,
532; and images, 533; 488, 514 sqq. , 520,
556
Alda, wife of Alberic of Rome, 155
Aldfrid, King of Northumbria, 493, 510 note
Aldhelm, Bishop of Sherborne, 488, 493 sq. ,
499, 510 sqq. , 515, 524
Aldhun, Bishop of Durham, 560
Aldric, Bishop of Le Mans, 18
Alemannia, given to Charles the Bald, 13, 16;
invaded, 16; 21; given to Charles the Fat,
51; ravaged by Hungarians, 69; 134; counts
of, sce Conrad, Henry; see also Swabia
Aleram, Count, 157
Aleramids, the, 240, 244, 264
Alet, 128
Alexander, St, translation of, 533
Alexander the Great, letters to Dindimus,
516; romance of, 528; letter to Aristotle,
535
Alexander III, Pope, 399
Alexandria; architectural influence of, 539,
541 sq. , 549, 551, 558, 566; Convent of
St Menas near, 547; ivory carving of, 548,
550, 555; painting and decoration of,
549 sq. , 558 sg. ; learning at, 486; Bedouins
at, 415; patriarch of, see Eulogius
Alfonso I, the Catholic, King of the Asturias,
410, 420
Alfonso III, King of Leon, 420
Alfonso IV, King of Leon, 421
Alfonso V, King of Leon, 427 sq.
Alfred, King of Wessex, 348; visits Leo IV,
349; at battle of Ashdown, 352; accession
of, 352; wars with Guthrum, 183, 319,
329, 355 sq. ; 358; reforms in Wessex,
357 sq. ; “Alfred and Guthrum's Peace,"
359, 361; builds Athelney church, 560;
death of, 360; will of, cited, 345; memorial
minster to, 361, 373; literary work of,
535, 537; revival of learning under, 514;
Asser's life of, 534; house of, 399; 323;
338; 404; 488
Alfred, son of Aethelred, 386; murdered,
389 sq. ; 393
Algarve. See Ocsonoba
Algeciras, 416
Algiers, 421
Alhandega, battle of, 422 sq.
Ali, 413
Alkama, 410
Aller, Guthrum baptised at, 356
Allstedt, Italian envoys at, 246; 249; 278
Alluyes, rebellion of lord of, 119
Al-Makkari, cited, 432
Almanzor (Mahomet ibn Abi-'Āmir), vizier
in Spain, 424; invades Leon, 425 sq. ; 427;
428; reorganises the army, 431; death of,
426; 435
Almeria, 422, 431 sq.
Almuñecar, 411
Aloara, wife of Paldolf Ironhead, 170 sq.
Alost, district of, and Flanders, 122
Alpaïs, daughter of Louis I, 3
Alpert, chronicler, 142 note
Alphege. See Aelfheah
Alphonse-Jourdain, Count of Toulouse, 130
Alps, the, 11, 20 sq. ; Saracens in, 152, 155;
161; Saracens driven from, 168; Otto I
crosses, 194 sq. ; 240, 264 sq.
Alric, Bishop of Asti, 246
Alsace, given to Charles the Bald, 13; 18;
given to Louis the German, 18; invaded
by Hungarians, 69, 87; surrendered by
Rodolph I of Burgundy, 135; invaded by
Ernest of Swabia, 257; counts of, see
Gerard
Altaich, abbey, 236; annals of, 295, 304;
abbot of, see Godehard
Alt-Bunzlau, murder of Wenceslas at, 192
Altitonantis, land-book, 377
Altsig of York, 522
Altus prosător, hymn, 502, 506
Alvaro, 416 sq. ; 438
Alveston, 406
Amalfi, independence of, 150; 169; duke
of, see Manso III
Amboise, lords of. See Hugh, Sulpicius
Ambrières, siege of, 110
Amhlaeibh. See Olaf the White
Amiénois, the, 16
Amiens, captured by Vikings, 59 sq. , 85, 88;
treaty of, 57; MSS. at, 521
Ammianus Marcellinus, History of, 508; 520
.


## p. 654 (#700) ############################################

654
Index
Amounderness, 370
Ampurias, county of, 90
'Amrūs, Governor of Toledo, 414
Anagni, Bishop of. See Zachary
Anastasius the Librarian, 525, 528, 531, 534
Ancona, pillaged by Saracens, 49; march of,
462
Andalusia, 411, 423
Andernach, 52, 190
Andover, 381
Andreas, 537
Andrew, King of Hungary, 293; makes peace,
295, 297, 303 sq. ; relations with the Pope,
296
Andrew, Duke of Naples, 48
Andrew, St, Acts of, 496, 533
Andrew, St, Miracles of, 496 sq.
Andújar, 417
Angelomus of Luxeuil, 532
Angers, 76; Louis I at, 9; 12; Vikings at,
33, 87; relations to Anjou, 125 sqq. ;
church at, 562
Angilbert (Homer), Abbot of St Riquier, 25,
517, 519, 534
Anglesey. See Môn
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, set on foot, 358;
put into Latin, 529; cited, 365
Angoulême, independence of, 97; and Aqui.
taine, 129; bishop of, see Gerard
Angoumois, the, 31
Anjou, independence of, 95; growth of,
107 sqq. , 118–20, 125–7; counts of, see
Fulk, Geoffrey
Anlaf (? Olaf Guffriðson), 323
Anlaf Guthfrithson. See Olaf Guðfridson
Anna, wife of Louis of Provence, 149
Annales Cambriae, cited, 341
Annals of the Four Masters, cited, 513
Annals of Ulster, cited, 352
Anno, Archbishop of Cologne, 299
Anscar, Marquess of Ivrea, 65 sq.
Anscar, Marquess of Spoleto, 157
Ansegis, Archbishop of Sens, 51, 53
Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, 124 ;
525
Anselm, Archbishop of Milan, 11
Ansgarde, wife of Louis the Stammerer, 57,
77 note
Anskar, 6; Archbishop of Hamburg, 314;
Bishop of Bremen, ib. ; Life of, 534
Anthemius of Tralles, 545
Anthony, Russian pilgrim, 546
Antioch, Academy at, 486
Antwerp, March of, 287. See Baldwin, Mar.
quess of
Antwerp, siege of, 299; sacked by Vikings,
316, 347
Anulo (óli), “nepos” to Herioldus, King of
Denmark, 313
Anund Jacob, King of Sweden, 388
Anwind, Viking leader, 353
Aosta, pass of, 11; pilgrim route to, 136; 156,
168 note. See Humbert, Count of
Apennines, the, 161; Berengar II in, 162 sq. ;
240
Apocalypse, of St John, Beatus's com-
mentary of, 523
Apocalypses, used by Irish writers, 504 sqq. ;
used in Africa, 488; used in Spain, 494
Apocrypha, used by Irish writers, 504 sqq. ;
used by Hrotsvitha, 532. See also Apoca-
lypses
Apollonius of Tyre, 538
Appledore, 359
Apuleius, 488
Apuleius, medical writer, 535
Apulia, and the theme of Longobardia, 150;
and the Saracens, 151, 176; and the By.
zantine Empire, 152, 155, 166 sq. , 169;
250, 292; duke of, see Melo; see also
Longobardia
Aqua Portora, 409
Aquileia, Hungarians defeated in, 195; March
of, added to Bavaria, 196; patriarch of,
238, 265, and see Poppo
Aquitaine, 1; assigned to Pepin, 3, 10, 16;
expedition against, 17; assigned to Charles
the Bald, ib. , 21, 23, 24; 27; revolts in,
31 sqq. ; assigned to Charles the Young, 34;
given to Carloman, 57; 76; Hugh Capet
and, 83; pillaged by Northmen, 86 sqq. ,
316, 320; independence of, 91, 97, 128–30;
“Truce of God" in, 281, 457; land tenure
in, 459 sq. ; kings of, see Charles, Louis,
Pepin; dukes of, 468; see Guy-Geoffrey,
William
A‘rābi the Kalbite, Governor of Barcelona,
413
Arabic influence on Virgilius Maro Gram-
maticus, 498 note
Arabic numerals, used by Gerbert, 536
Arabs, ch. xvi, and Louis I, 6; and Eastern
art, 551; and Western art, 565 ; see also
Saracens
Aragon, 410, 417, 428, 438; institutions of,
430, 441, 460; kings of, see Ramiro,
Sancho
Arator, poet, 516
Aratus, Phaenomena of, 497
Archibald, Archbishop of Tours, 103
Archidona, 412, 419
Architecture, ch. XXI
Architecture, Byzantine, development of,
from Roman, 539; tradition of, 543,550 sq. ;
under Justinian, 544 sqq. ; Eastern influ.
ences in, 541 sq. , 547; influence of, upon
Romanesque, 553 sqq. , 557 sq. , 560, 562;
influence of, upon Gothic, 560, 565
Architecture, Gothic, rise of, in France, 559,
562; rise of, in Italy and Germany, 560;
ground plan in, 563; characteristics of,
563 sqq.
Architecture, Greek, in Alexandria, 541 ;
Gothic cusping and, 565
Architecture, Hispano-Arabic, 436
Architecture, Norman, 561; in England,
562 sqq. , 567
Architecture, Roman, 551, 553; development
of, into Byzantine, 539, 550; into Roman.
esque, 556 sq. , 565
>


## p. 655 (#701) ############################################

Index
655
Architecture, Romanesque; in Western
Europe, 552 sq. , 556 sqq. ; influence on
Gothic, 563 sq.
Arculf, pilgrimage of, 507, 544
Ardennes, the, 78,122; count of, see Godfrey
Arderic, Archbishop of Milan, 157
Ardoin, Marquess of Ivrea, King of Lom-
bardy, revolts, 175 sq. ; King of Lombardy,
177, 220; his party, 221, 240; first war
with Henry II, 222, 224, 239; attacks Lom.
bard bishops, 240, 244 sq. ; second war
with Henry II, 242, 244; death of, 245;
sons of, 246
Ardoin Glabrio, Count (Marquess) of Turin,
157 sq. ; defeats the Saracens, 168
Arezzo, Bishop of. See John
Argentea, 420 sq.
Argenteuil, 2; Viking defeat at, 93
Arians, 489
Aribert, presbyter of Milan, 246; Archbishop
of Milan, 251, 259; supports Conrad II,
264; his ambitions, 265 sq. ; deposed by
Conrad II, 267,277; excommunicated, 267;
reconciled to Henry III, 277; death of, 291
Aribo, Archbishop of Mayence, 250 sq. ; sup-
porter of Conrad II, 254 sq. ; Arch-chan-
cellor of Italy and of Germany, 255
Ari Fróði, cited, 317
Aristotle, 535
Aristotle, Grammar of, 515
Arles, kingdom of, and the Empire, 147;
counts of, see Fulcrad, William ; arch-
bishops of, 282; see Manasse; art and
architecture in, 553, 557
Arles-sur-Tech, Vikings at, 320
Armagh, abbacy of, usurped by Turgeis,
317; 330
Armengol, Count of Urgel, 427
Armenia, architecture in, 547
Armorica, Celtic population of, 128
Arnold, Archbishop of Ravenna, 242 sq.
Arnold I, Count of Flanders, 92, 189
Arnold II, Count of Flanders, 93
Arnold of Lambach, given the Carinthian
Mark, 270 note 1
Arnold, vassal of Thietmar, 293
Arnstadt, diet of (954), 199
Arnulf, Emperor, Duke of Carinthia, 58 sq. ;
proclaimed King of Germany, 62 sqq. ,
71 sq. ; war with Moravia, 64 sqq. ; in-
vades Italy, crowned Emperor, 66, 454 ;
Rodolph I of Burgundy, 135; defeats the
Vikings, 322; leath of, 68; 164
Arnulf the Bad Duke of Bavaria, 69 sq. ,
205 note; defuated in the Veneto, 156 ;
Henry the Fowler and, 180, 184; Otto I
and, 187; death of, 188
Arnulf, Archbishop of Milan, 245 sq.
Arnulf, Archbishop of Rheims, 99; im-
prisoned, 100; abdicates, 101 sq. , 211,
455; restored, 103 sq.
Arnulf, Bishop of Orleans, 101, 455
Arnulf, Count in Lorraine, 64
Arnulf, son of Arnulf the Bad, Count pala-
tine in Bavaria, 188
Aroche, mines at, 432
Arrabal del Sur, 415
Arras, burnt by Northmen, 88; added to
Flanders, 92; recaptured, ib.
Arsenal Library, Paris, MS. in, 526
Arsenius, Bishop of Orta, 42
Art, ch. xxI; in the Eastern Empire, 538 sqq.