He
was the husband of Theano, daughter of Cisseus, king
of Thrace, and father of nineteen sons, of whom the
most known were Polybus (//.
was the husband of Theano, daughter of Cisseus, king
of Thrace, and father of nineteen sons, of whom the
most known were Polybus (//.
Charles - 1867 - Classical Dictionary
triumphed over the Illyrians
and their king Gentius, and obtained the honors of a
triumph A. lT. C. 535. He obtained the consulship
A. U. C. 594, B. C. 150. --If. Probus. a Roman consul,
A. D. 371, celebrated for his humanity.
Axiom's, a river of Elis, in the district of Triphylia,
to the north of Lepneum. This stream formed into
marshes at its mouth, from the want of a fall to carry
off the water. The stagnant pool thus created ex-
haled an odour so fetid as to be perceptible at the dis-
tance of twenty stadia, andthe fish caught there were so
tainted with the infection that they could not be eaten.
(Strain, 346. ) Pausanias, however, affirms (5, 5) that
this miasma was not confined to the marshes, but could
be traced to the very source of the river. It was as-
cribed to the centaur's having washed the wounds in-
? ? flicted by Hercules's envenomed shafts in the stream.
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? ANNA COMNENA.
ANNALES.
monies attending her festival. It was a feast com-
memorative of the year and the spring, and the hymns
sung on this occasion bore the free and joyous charac-
ter of orgiastic strains. In them Anna Perenna was
entreated to make the entire year roll away in health
and prosperity (" Vt annarc perennareque commode
liceal. "--Macrob. , Sal. , 1, 12). Now, this new year,
this year full of freshness and of benefits invoked, is
no other than Anna herself, a personification of the old
lunar year. (Compare Hermann unit Creuzer, Briefe,
etc. , p. 135. ) Anna is the same word, in fact, as an-
nus, or anus according to the primitive Roman orthog-
raphy; in Greek Ivor; or Ivor, whence the expression
bill '? "' via, proving that the word carries with it the
accessory idea of antiquity, just as Hoc appears analo-
gous to vctus. (Compare Lcnnep, Etymol. Gr. , p.
2"10, seqq. -- Valckenacr, ad Amman. , p. 190, 197. )
Anna Perenna is called the moon, nar' ttoxrjv, and it
is she that conducts the moons her sisters, and who
at the same time directs and governs the humid sphere:
thus she reposes for ever in the river Numicius, and
runs on for everwith it. She is the course of the moons,
of the years, of time in general. It is she that gives
the flowers and fruits, and causes the harvest to ripen:
the annual produce of the seasons (annum) is placed
under her protecting care. --The Anna Perenna of
the Romans has been compared with the Anna Pourna
Devi, or A nna da, of the Hindu mythology; the god-
dess of abundance and nourishment, a beneficent lorm
of Bhavani. The characteristic traits appear to be the
same. (Compare the remarks of Paterson and Cole-
brooke, in the Asiatic Researches, vol. 8, p. 69, seqq. ,
and p. 85. --Creuzer's Symbolik, par Guigniaul, vol. 2,
p. 501, seqq. )
Anna Comnbna, a Greek princess, daughter of
Alexius Comnenes I. , emperor of the East. She was
born A. D. 1083, and was originally betrothed to Con-
stantine Ducas; but his death preventing the engage-
ment from being ratified, she subsequently married Ni-
cephorus Bryennius. ? On the decease of her father,
she conspired against her brother John (Calo-Johannes),
who had succeeded him in the empire, and when the
design was prevented by the fears or scruples of her
husband, she passionately exclaimed that nature had
mistaken the two sexes, and had endowed Bryennius
with the soul of a woman. After the discovery of her
treason, the life and fortune of Anna were forfeited to
the laws; the former, however, was spared by the
clemency of the emperor. After the death of her hus-
band she retired to a convent, where, at the age of six-
ty years, she sought to relieve the disappointment of
her ambitious feelings by writing a life of her father.
The character of this history does not stand very high,
cither for authenticity or beauty of composition: the
historian is lost in the daughter; and instead of that
simplicity of style and narrative which wins our belief,
an elaborate affectation of rhetoric and science betrays
in every page the vanity of a female author. (Gibbon's
Decline and Fall, c. 48. ) And yet, at the same time,
her work forms a useful contrast to the degrading and
partial statements of the Latin historians of that period.
The details, moreover, which she gives respecting the
first Crusaders on their arrival at Constantinople, are
peculiarly interesting; and we may there sec the im-
pression produced by the simple and rude manners of
the heroes of Tasso on a polished, enlightened, and
effeminate court. The work of Anna is entitled Alex-
? ? <<u, and is divided into fifteen books. It commences
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? ANT
nriu explaining the mysteries of religion, with in-
slraclions as to the ceremonies to be observed in its
poetical exercise, and could have been of no more ser-
nce to Roman, than a. collection of breviaries or mis-
si^ to modem, history. (_J^uniop'sHorn. Lit. , vol. 2,
p. 37, <<}? ? , Loud. ed. J^e Clerc, dea Journaux chcz
k>Romans, Introd. )
Assius LEX, settled the age at which, among the
Romans, a citizen, could be admitted to exercise the
offices of the state. Originally there was no certain
ige fited for enjoying the different ottices. A law was
tost nude for this purpose i. /,cj- Annalis) by L. Vil-
liue or L. Julius, a tribune of the commons, A. U. C.
573, whence his family got the surname of Annalet.
(La. , 40,43. ) What was the year fixed for enjoying
each office is not ascertained. It is certain that the
pnetonhipused to be enjoyed two years after the ffidile-
<<hip (Ctc. , Ep. ad fa. m. , 1O, 25), and that the forty-
third was the year fixed for the consulship. (Ctc. ,
PU. , 5, 17. ) If we are to judge from Cicero, who
frequently boasts that he had enjoyed every office
in its proper year, the years appointed for the differ-
ent offices by the Lex- Villia were, for the quaistor-
thip thirty-one, for the ssdileship thirty-seven, for the
pnetorabip forty, and for the consulship forty-three.
But even under the republic popular citizens were freed
from these restrictions, and the emperors, too, granted
thai indulgence to whomsoever they pleased.
ASSIBAL. Vid. Hannibal.
AN. MCEBRIS, a philosopher of the Cyrenaic sect, and
a follower of Aristippus. He so far receded from the
doctrine of his master as to acknowledge the merit of
filial piety, friendship, and patriotism, and to allow that
i wise man might retain the possession of himself in
the midst of external troubles; but he inherited so
much of his frivolous taste as to value himself upon
the most trivial accomplishments, particularly upon his
dexterity in being able to drive a chariot twice round
a course in the same ring. (Diog. Laert. , 2, 87. --
Szidas, s. i. --EnfirId's History of Philosophy, vol. 1,
p. 195. )
Asso. Vid. HANXO.
AXOP. EA, a mountain of Greece, part of the chain
of CEta. A small pass in this mountain, called by the
same name, formed a communication between Thes-
saly and the country oi the Epicnemidian Locri. (He-
roiot. , 7, 216. )
AKSER, a Roman poet, intimate with the triumvir
Antony, and one of the destroyers of Virgil. (Com-
pare Virg. , Eclog. , 9, 36. -- Servius. ad Virg. , 1. c. )
Grid (Trot. , 2, 435) calls him "procax. "
A NsiBAKii. a people of Germany, mentioned by Taci-
tus (A>>a. , 13, 55) as having made an irruption, du-
ring the reign of Nero, into the Roman territories
along the Rhine. Mannert makes them to have been
a branch of the Cherusci. The same writer alludes
to the hypothesis which would consider their name as
denoting " dwellers along the Ems," and as marking
this for their original place of settlement. He views
it. however, as untenable. (Gcogr. , vol. 6, p. 156,
A5fT. EOroL. i6. a city of Egypt on the eastern bank
of the Nile, and the capital of the nome Antceopolites.
It derived its name from Anteus. whom Osiris, ac-
cording to Diodoms Siculus (1, 17), left as governor
of his Libyan and Ethiopian possessions, and whom
Hercules destroyed. It was a place of no great im-
portance. The modem village of Kan (Qaou) stands
near the ruins of the ancient city. (Mannert, vol. 10,
? ? pt 2,_n. 338, seqij. --Compare Description de lEgyptc,
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? ANT
ANT
Antkmn. e, a city of Italy, in the territory of the
Sabines, at the confluence of the Anio and Tiber. It
is said to have been more ancient than Rome itself.
We are told by Dionysius of Halicarnassus (2, 36),
that Antemns belonged at first to the Siculi, but that
afterward it was conquered by the Aborigines, to
whom, probably, it owes its Latin name. (Varro, de
Ling. Lat. , 4. -- Fcstus, s. v. Antcmna. ) That it
afterward formed a part of the Sabine confederacy is
evident from its being one of the first cities which re-
sented the outrage ottered to that nation by the rape
of their women. (Lit! . , 1, 10. -- Slrabo, 226. -- Cra-
mer's Ancient Italy, vol. 1, p. 301. )
AntEnor, I. a Trojan prince related to Priam.
He
was the husband of Theano, daughter of Cisseus, king
of Thrace, and father of nineteen sons, of whom the
most known were Polybus (//. , 11, 69), Acamas (7/. ,
2, 823), Agenor (II. , 4, 533), Polydamas, Hclicaon,
Archilochus (II. , 2, 823), and Laodocus (//. , 4, 87).
He is accused by some of having betrayed his country,
not only because he gave a favourable reception to
Diomedes, Ulysses, and Menelaus, when they came
to Troy, as ambassadors from the Greeks, to demand
the restitution of Helen, but also because ho with-
'? ? >>ld the fact of his recognising Ulysses, at the time
that hero visited the city under the guise of a mendi-
cant. (Od. , 4, 335. ) After the conclusion of the war,
Antcnor, according to some, migrated with a party of
followers into Italy, and built Patavium. According
to others, ho went with a colony of the Heneti from
Paphlagonia to the shores of the Hadriatic, where the
new settlers established themselves in the district
called by them Venetia. Both accounts are fabulous.
(Lit. , 1, I. --Plin. , 3, 13. -- VirfT. , JEn. , 1, 242. --
Tacit. , 16, 21. ) -- II. A statuary, known only as the
maker of the original statues of Harmodius and Aris-
togiton, which were carried off by Xerxes, and restored
by Alexander. (Pausan. , 1, 8. --Arrian, Exp. Al. , 3,
16. --Plin. , 34, 8. )
AntejtorIdes, a patronymic given to the sons of
Antcnor.
Anteros. The original meaning of the name An-
teros is the deity who avenges slighted love. By
later writers it is applied to a brother of Cupid, but in
constant opposition to him; and in the palaestra at
Elis he was represented contending with him. The
signification of mutual love is given to the word only
by later writers, according to Bottiger. (Schneider,
Worlcrb. , s. v. -- Pausan. , 1, 30. -- Id. , 6, 23. --Plu-
tarch, Erot. , 20. )
Anthka, one of the three towns on the site of which
the city of Patrs, in Achaia, is said to have been built.
The other two were Aroe and Messatis. These three
were founded by the Ionians when they held posses-
sion of the country. (Cramer's Ancient Greece, vol.
3, p. 66. )
Anthedon, I. a city of Bceotia, on the shore of the
Euripus, and, according to Dicsarchus, about seventy
stadia to the north of Salganeus. (Stat. Grac, p.
19. ) The same writer informs us, that from Thebes
to Anthedon the distance was 160 stadia by a cross-
road open to carriages. The inhabitants were, for the
most part, mariners and shipwrights; at least, so says
Dicffiarchus; and the fisheries'of the place were very
important. The wine of Anthedon was celebrated.
(Athena-us, 1, 56. ) Pausanias states (9, 22) that the
Cabiri were worshipped here; there was also a tem-
? ? ple of Proserpina in the town, and one of Bacchus
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? ANT
ANT
phebolion; and, 3. The Anthcstcria or Leneea, in the
month Anthesterion. These last were celebrated
within a large enclosure called Lenmum, and in a quar-
ter of the city termed Limns, or " the pools. " Meur-
eius had before distinguished the Lentea from the An-
thesteria. (Grate Per. , vol. 3, Op. col. , 917 and
918 ) Bockh also regards the Leniea as a distinct
festival from the ^. Anthcstcria. (Vom Unterscheide der
AtttscJum I^enceen, etc. , Johrg. , 1816, 1817, p. 47,
*f? v*-) Both the latter opinions, however, are incorrect.
(Compare Creruser, Symbolik, vol. 3, p. 319, seqq. )
Axtheis. I. a son of Antenor. --II. One of the com-
panions of ? neaa. (Virg. , JEn. , 1, 514. ) -- III. A
statuary mentioned by Pliny (34, 8) as having flour-
ished in Olymp. 1 55, and as approved among the ar-
tists of his own time. In some editions of Pliny the
name is written . Ajitseus. (Sillig, Diet. Art. , s. v. )
AvTflioa, a town of Thrace, afterward called Apol-
lonia. The name 'was subsequently changed to Sozop-
olis. and is now pronounced Sizeboli. (Plin. , 4, 11. )
A. vrHoies, a companion of Hercules, who followed
Evander, and settled in Italy. He was killed in the
war ofTumus a >jai list . Eneas. (Virg. , Mn. , 10,778. )
A. \TH<<opopiiAOi, a people of Scythia that fed on hu-
man flesh. Herodotus (4, 106) calls them the An-
drophagi. and states that they lived in a more savage
manner than any other nation, having no public distri-
bution of justice nor established laws. He informs
ua also that they applied themselves to the breeding
of cattle, clothed themselves like the Scythians, and
spoke a peculiar language. Rennell thinks that they
must have occupied Polish Russia, and both banks of
the river Pry-pets, the western head of the Borysthc-
nes. (Rennell, Geogr. of Herod. , p. 86, 4to erf. )
Axthvlla, a city of Egypt, about west from the
Ganopic branch of the Nile, and northwest from Nau-
cralis. It is supposed by Larcher to have been the
same with Gynsscopolis. (Compare Manncrt, Geogr. ,
vol. lO, p. 596. ) According to Herodotus, it furnish-
ed sandals to the wife of the Persian satrap, who was
viceroy, for the time being, over Egypt. This was in
imitation of the royal custom at home, in the case of
the queens of Persia. {Herod. , 2, 98. --Consult Bahr,
ad /ac. ") Atheneus says it supplied girdles {1, p. 33.
--Compare Bahr, ad Cles. , p. 209. )
Avtia lex, was made for the suppression of luxury
at Rome. Its particulars are not known, but it could
not be enforced. The enactor was Antius Kesto, who
afterward never supped abroad for fear of being him-
self a witness of the profusion and extravagance which
his law meant to destroy, but without effect. (Ma-
cro*. . 3. 17. )
A? rrtis, a name given to the goddess Fortune, from
her splendid temple at Antium, where she was par-
ticularlv worshipped. {Vid. Antium. )
AxTictS*. a daughter of Autolycus and Amphithea.
She was the mother of Ulysses, but not, it is said, by
Laertes. This individual was only the reputed fa-
ther of the chieftain of Ithaca, and the actual paternity
belonged to Sisyphus. It is said that Anticlea killed
H-r-eft" -when she heard a false report of her son's
Sath (Homer. Od , 11, W. --Hygin. , Fab. , 201, 243.
--PWmr-- lO, 290 , ,
AsticlTdes, a Greek historian, a native of Athens,
whose works are lost. (Consult Athtnaus, ed. Schut.
i /jui. _4i*e/. , ? >>- >>- voi 9? )
Astic*aous, a detached chain of the ridge of Mount
? ? Crasrus in Lycia, running in a northeast direction along
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? ANTIGONUS.
ANT
effected an entrance and killed himself by her corpse,
and his mother Eurydice likewise put an end to her
existence. This sad story forms the basis of one of
the tragedies of Sophocles. (Vid. Sophocles. )
Antiuonba, I. a city of Epirus, southwest of Apol-
lonia. (Ptin. , 4, I. )--II. One of Macedonia, in the
district of Mygdonia, founded by Antigonus, son of
Gonatas. (Id. , 4, 10. ) -- III. One in Syria, on the
borders of the Orontes, built by Antigonus, and in-
tended as the residence of the governors of Egypt
and Syria, but destroyed by him when Selcucia was
built, and the inhabitants removed to the latter city. --
IV. Another in Asia Minor. {Vid. Alexandrea IX. )
Antiuonus, I. a general of Alexander's, and one of
those who played the most important part after the
death of that monarch. In the division of the provin-
ces after the king's death, he received Pamphylia, Ly-
cia, and Phrygia. Two years after the decease of Al-
exander, he united with Antipater and Ptolemy against
Pcrdiccas, who aimed at the supremacy.
and their king Gentius, and obtained the honors of a
triumph A. lT. C. 535. He obtained the consulship
A. U. C. 594, B. C. 150. --If. Probus. a Roman consul,
A. D. 371, celebrated for his humanity.
Axiom's, a river of Elis, in the district of Triphylia,
to the north of Lepneum. This stream formed into
marshes at its mouth, from the want of a fall to carry
off the water. The stagnant pool thus created ex-
haled an odour so fetid as to be perceptible at the dis-
tance of twenty stadia, andthe fish caught there were so
tainted with the infection that they could not be eaten.
(Strain, 346. ) Pausanias, however, affirms (5, 5) that
this miasma was not confined to the marshes, but could
be traced to the very source of the river. It was as-
cribed to the centaur's having washed the wounds in-
? ? flicted by Hercules's envenomed shafts in the stream.
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? ANNA COMNENA.
ANNALES.
monies attending her festival. It was a feast com-
memorative of the year and the spring, and the hymns
sung on this occasion bore the free and joyous charac-
ter of orgiastic strains. In them Anna Perenna was
entreated to make the entire year roll away in health
and prosperity (" Vt annarc perennareque commode
liceal. "--Macrob. , Sal. , 1, 12). Now, this new year,
this year full of freshness and of benefits invoked, is
no other than Anna herself, a personification of the old
lunar year. (Compare Hermann unit Creuzer, Briefe,
etc. , p. 135. ) Anna is the same word, in fact, as an-
nus, or anus according to the primitive Roman orthog-
raphy; in Greek Ivor; or Ivor, whence the expression
bill '? "' via, proving that the word carries with it the
accessory idea of antiquity, just as Hoc appears analo-
gous to vctus. (Compare Lcnnep, Etymol. Gr. , p.
2"10, seqq. -- Valckenacr, ad Amman. , p. 190, 197. )
Anna Perenna is called the moon, nar' ttoxrjv, and it
is she that conducts the moons her sisters, and who
at the same time directs and governs the humid sphere:
thus she reposes for ever in the river Numicius, and
runs on for everwith it. She is the course of the moons,
of the years, of time in general. It is she that gives
the flowers and fruits, and causes the harvest to ripen:
the annual produce of the seasons (annum) is placed
under her protecting care. --The Anna Perenna of
the Romans has been compared with the Anna Pourna
Devi, or A nna da, of the Hindu mythology; the god-
dess of abundance and nourishment, a beneficent lorm
of Bhavani. The characteristic traits appear to be the
same. (Compare the remarks of Paterson and Cole-
brooke, in the Asiatic Researches, vol. 8, p. 69, seqq. ,
and p. 85. --Creuzer's Symbolik, par Guigniaul, vol. 2,
p. 501, seqq. )
Anna Comnbna, a Greek princess, daughter of
Alexius Comnenes I. , emperor of the East. She was
born A. D. 1083, and was originally betrothed to Con-
stantine Ducas; but his death preventing the engage-
ment from being ratified, she subsequently married Ni-
cephorus Bryennius. ? On the decease of her father,
she conspired against her brother John (Calo-Johannes),
who had succeeded him in the empire, and when the
design was prevented by the fears or scruples of her
husband, she passionately exclaimed that nature had
mistaken the two sexes, and had endowed Bryennius
with the soul of a woman. After the discovery of her
treason, the life and fortune of Anna were forfeited to
the laws; the former, however, was spared by the
clemency of the emperor. After the death of her hus-
band she retired to a convent, where, at the age of six-
ty years, she sought to relieve the disappointment of
her ambitious feelings by writing a life of her father.
The character of this history does not stand very high,
cither for authenticity or beauty of composition: the
historian is lost in the daughter; and instead of that
simplicity of style and narrative which wins our belief,
an elaborate affectation of rhetoric and science betrays
in every page the vanity of a female author. (Gibbon's
Decline and Fall, c. 48. ) And yet, at the same time,
her work forms a useful contrast to the degrading and
partial statements of the Latin historians of that period.
The details, moreover, which she gives respecting the
first Crusaders on their arrival at Constantinople, are
peculiarly interesting; and we may there sec the im-
pression produced by the simple and rude manners of
the heroes of Tasso on a polished, enlightened, and
effeminate court. The work of Anna is entitled Alex-
? ? <<u, and is divided into fifteen books. It commences
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? ANT
nriu explaining the mysteries of religion, with in-
slraclions as to the ceremonies to be observed in its
poetical exercise, and could have been of no more ser-
nce to Roman, than a. collection of breviaries or mis-
si^ to modem, history. (_J^uniop'sHorn. Lit. , vol. 2,
p. 37, <<}? ? , Loud. ed. J^e Clerc, dea Journaux chcz
k>Romans, Introd. )
Assius LEX, settled the age at which, among the
Romans, a citizen, could be admitted to exercise the
offices of the state. Originally there was no certain
ige fited for enjoying the different ottices. A law was
tost nude for this purpose i. /,cj- Annalis) by L. Vil-
liue or L. Julius, a tribune of the commons, A. U. C.
573, whence his family got the surname of Annalet.
(La. , 40,43. ) What was the year fixed for enjoying
each office is not ascertained. It is certain that the
pnetonhipused to be enjoyed two years after the ffidile-
<<hip (Ctc. , Ep. ad fa. m. , 1O, 25), and that the forty-
third was the year fixed for the consulship. (Ctc. ,
PU. , 5, 17. ) If we are to judge from Cicero, who
frequently boasts that he had enjoyed every office
in its proper year, the years appointed for the differ-
ent offices by the Lex- Villia were, for the quaistor-
thip thirty-one, for the ssdileship thirty-seven, for the
pnetorabip forty, and for the consulship forty-three.
But even under the republic popular citizens were freed
from these restrictions, and the emperors, too, granted
thai indulgence to whomsoever they pleased.
ASSIBAL. Vid. Hannibal.
AN. MCEBRIS, a philosopher of the Cyrenaic sect, and
a follower of Aristippus. He so far receded from the
doctrine of his master as to acknowledge the merit of
filial piety, friendship, and patriotism, and to allow that
i wise man might retain the possession of himself in
the midst of external troubles; but he inherited so
much of his frivolous taste as to value himself upon
the most trivial accomplishments, particularly upon his
dexterity in being able to drive a chariot twice round
a course in the same ring. (Diog. Laert. , 2, 87. --
Szidas, s. i. --EnfirId's History of Philosophy, vol. 1,
p. 195. )
Asso. Vid. HANXO.
AXOP. EA, a mountain of Greece, part of the chain
of CEta. A small pass in this mountain, called by the
same name, formed a communication between Thes-
saly and the country oi the Epicnemidian Locri. (He-
roiot. , 7, 216. )
AKSER, a Roman poet, intimate with the triumvir
Antony, and one of the destroyers of Virgil. (Com-
pare Virg. , Eclog. , 9, 36. -- Servius. ad Virg. , 1. c. )
Grid (Trot. , 2, 435) calls him "procax. "
A NsiBAKii. a people of Germany, mentioned by Taci-
tus (A>>a. , 13, 55) as having made an irruption, du-
ring the reign of Nero, into the Roman territories
along the Rhine. Mannert makes them to have been
a branch of the Cherusci. The same writer alludes
to the hypothesis which would consider their name as
denoting " dwellers along the Ems," and as marking
this for their original place of settlement. He views
it. however, as untenable. (Gcogr. , vol. 6, p. 156,
A5fT. EOroL. i6. a city of Egypt on the eastern bank
of the Nile, and the capital of the nome Antceopolites.
It derived its name from Anteus. whom Osiris, ac-
cording to Diodoms Siculus (1, 17), left as governor
of his Libyan and Ethiopian possessions, and whom
Hercules destroyed. It was a place of no great im-
portance. The modem village of Kan (Qaou) stands
near the ruins of the ancient city. (Mannert, vol. 10,
? ? pt 2,_n. 338, seqij. --Compare Description de lEgyptc,
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? ANT
ANT
Antkmn. e, a city of Italy, in the territory of the
Sabines, at the confluence of the Anio and Tiber. It
is said to have been more ancient than Rome itself.
We are told by Dionysius of Halicarnassus (2, 36),
that Antemns belonged at first to the Siculi, but that
afterward it was conquered by the Aborigines, to
whom, probably, it owes its Latin name. (Varro, de
Ling. Lat. , 4. -- Fcstus, s. v. Antcmna. ) That it
afterward formed a part of the Sabine confederacy is
evident from its being one of the first cities which re-
sented the outrage ottered to that nation by the rape
of their women. (Lit! . , 1, 10. -- Slrabo, 226. -- Cra-
mer's Ancient Italy, vol. 1, p. 301. )
AntEnor, I. a Trojan prince related to Priam.
He
was the husband of Theano, daughter of Cisseus, king
of Thrace, and father of nineteen sons, of whom the
most known were Polybus (//. , 11, 69), Acamas (7/. ,
2, 823), Agenor (II. , 4, 533), Polydamas, Hclicaon,
Archilochus (II. , 2, 823), and Laodocus (//. , 4, 87).
He is accused by some of having betrayed his country,
not only because he gave a favourable reception to
Diomedes, Ulysses, and Menelaus, when they came
to Troy, as ambassadors from the Greeks, to demand
the restitution of Helen, but also because ho with-
'? ? >>ld the fact of his recognising Ulysses, at the time
that hero visited the city under the guise of a mendi-
cant. (Od. , 4, 335. ) After the conclusion of the war,
Antcnor, according to some, migrated with a party of
followers into Italy, and built Patavium. According
to others, ho went with a colony of the Heneti from
Paphlagonia to the shores of the Hadriatic, where the
new settlers established themselves in the district
called by them Venetia. Both accounts are fabulous.
(Lit. , 1, I. --Plin. , 3, 13. -- VirfT. , JEn. , 1, 242. --
Tacit. , 16, 21. ) -- II. A statuary, known only as the
maker of the original statues of Harmodius and Aris-
togiton, which were carried off by Xerxes, and restored
by Alexander. (Pausan. , 1, 8. --Arrian, Exp. Al. , 3,
16. --Plin. , 34, 8. )
AntejtorIdes, a patronymic given to the sons of
Antcnor.
Anteros. The original meaning of the name An-
teros is the deity who avenges slighted love. By
later writers it is applied to a brother of Cupid, but in
constant opposition to him; and in the palaestra at
Elis he was represented contending with him. The
signification of mutual love is given to the word only
by later writers, according to Bottiger. (Schneider,
Worlcrb. , s. v. -- Pausan. , 1, 30. -- Id. , 6, 23. --Plu-
tarch, Erot. , 20. )
Anthka, one of the three towns on the site of which
the city of Patrs, in Achaia, is said to have been built.
The other two were Aroe and Messatis. These three
were founded by the Ionians when they held posses-
sion of the country. (Cramer's Ancient Greece, vol.
3, p. 66. )
Anthedon, I. a city of Bceotia, on the shore of the
Euripus, and, according to Dicsarchus, about seventy
stadia to the north of Salganeus. (Stat. Grac, p.
19. ) The same writer informs us, that from Thebes
to Anthedon the distance was 160 stadia by a cross-
road open to carriages. The inhabitants were, for the
most part, mariners and shipwrights; at least, so says
Dicffiarchus; and the fisheries'of the place were very
important. The wine of Anthedon was celebrated.
(Athena-us, 1, 56. ) Pausanias states (9, 22) that the
Cabiri were worshipped here; there was also a tem-
? ? ple of Proserpina in the town, and one of Bacchus
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? ANT
ANT
phebolion; and, 3. The Anthcstcria or Leneea, in the
month Anthesterion. These last were celebrated
within a large enclosure called Lenmum, and in a quar-
ter of the city termed Limns, or " the pools. " Meur-
eius had before distinguished the Lentea from the An-
thesteria. (Grate Per. , vol. 3, Op. col. , 917 and
918 ) Bockh also regards the Leniea as a distinct
festival from the ^. Anthcstcria. (Vom Unterscheide der
AtttscJum I^enceen, etc. , Johrg. , 1816, 1817, p. 47,
*f? v*-) Both the latter opinions, however, are incorrect.
(Compare Creruser, Symbolik, vol. 3, p. 319, seqq. )
Axtheis. I. a son of Antenor. --II. One of the com-
panions of ? neaa. (Virg. , JEn. , 1, 514. ) -- III. A
statuary mentioned by Pliny (34, 8) as having flour-
ished in Olymp. 1 55, and as approved among the ar-
tists of his own time. In some editions of Pliny the
name is written . Ajitseus. (Sillig, Diet. Art. , s. v. )
AvTflioa, a town of Thrace, afterward called Apol-
lonia. The name 'was subsequently changed to Sozop-
olis. and is now pronounced Sizeboli. (Plin. , 4, 11. )
A. vrHoies, a companion of Hercules, who followed
Evander, and settled in Italy. He was killed in the
war ofTumus a >jai list . Eneas. (Virg. , Mn. , 10,778. )
A. \TH<<opopiiAOi, a people of Scythia that fed on hu-
man flesh. Herodotus (4, 106) calls them the An-
drophagi. and states that they lived in a more savage
manner than any other nation, having no public distri-
bution of justice nor established laws. He informs
ua also that they applied themselves to the breeding
of cattle, clothed themselves like the Scythians, and
spoke a peculiar language. Rennell thinks that they
must have occupied Polish Russia, and both banks of
the river Pry-pets, the western head of the Borysthc-
nes. (Rennell, Geogr. of Herod. , p. 86, 4to erf. )
Axthvlla, a city of Egypt, about west from the
Ganopic branch of the Nile, and northwest from Nau-
cralis. It is supposed by Larcher to have been the
same with Gynsscopolis. (Compare Manncrt, Geogr. ,
vol. lO, p. 596. ) According to Herodotus, it furnish-
ed sandals to the wife of the Persian satrap, who was
viceroy, for the time being, over Egypt. This was in
imitation of the royal custom at home, in the case of
the queens of Persia. {Herod. , 2, 98. --Consult Bahr,
ad /ac. ") Atheneus says it supplied girdles {1, p. 33.
--Compare Bahr, ad Cles. , p. 209. )
Avtia lex, was made for the suppression of luxury
at Rome. Its particulars are not known, but it could
not be enforced. The enactor was Antius Kesto, who
afterward never supped abroad for fear of being him-
self a witness of the profusion and extravagance which
his law meant to destroy, but without effect. (Ma-
cro*. . 3. 17. )
A? rrtis, a name given to the goddess Fortune, from
her splendid temple at Antium, where she was par-
ticularlv worshipped. {Vid. Antium. )
AxTictS*. a daughter of Autolycus and Amphithea.
She was the mother of Ulysses, but not, it is said, by
Laertes. This individual was only the reputed fa-
ther of the chieftain of Ithaca, and the actual paternity
belonged to Sisyphus. It is said that Anticlea killed
H-r-eft" -when she heard a false report of her son's
Sath (Homer. Od , 11, W. --Hygin. , Fab. , 201, 243.
--PWmr-- lO, 290 , ,
AsticlTdes, a Greek historian, a native of Athens,
whose works are lost. (Consult Athtnaus, ed. Schut.
i /jui. _4i*e/. , ? >>- >>- voi 9? )
Astic*aous, a detached chain of the ridge of Mount
? ? Crasrus in Lycia, running in a northeast direction along
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? ANTIGONUS.
ANT
effected an entrance and killed himself by her corpse,
and his mother Eurydice likewise put an end to her
existence. This sad story forms the basis of one of
the tragedies of Sophocles. (Vid. Sophocles. )
Antiuonba, I. a city of Epirus, southwest of Apol-
lonia. (Ptin. , 4, I. )--II. One of Macedonia, in the
district of Mygdonia, founded by Antigonus, son of
Gonatas. (Id. , 4, 10. ) -- III. One in Syria, on the
borders of the Orontes, built by Antigonus, and in-
tended as the residence of the governors of Egypt
and Syria, but destroyed by him when Selcucia was
built, and the inhabitants removed to the latter city. --
IV. Another in Asia Minor. {Vid. Alexandrea IX. )
Antiuonus, I. a general of Alexander's, and one of
those who played the most important part after the
death of that monarch. In the division of the provin-
ces after the king's death, he received Pamphylia, Ly-
cia, and Phrygia. Two years after the decease of Al-
exander, he united with Antipater and Ptolemy against
Pcrdiccas, who aimed at the supremacy.
