"
[422] _Stratus humi.
[422] _Stratus humi.
Satires
C.
121, defeated the Allobroges at the junction of the Isère
and the Rhone, and killed 130,000: for which he received the name of
Allobrogicus. Cf. Liv. , Ep. 61. Vell. , ii. , 16.
[402] _Euganea_, a district of Northern Italy, on the confines of the
Venetian territory.
[403] _Pumice. _ The pumice found at Catana, now Catania, at the foot of
Mount Ætna, was used to rub the body with to make it smooth (cf. ix. ,
95, "Inimicus pumice lævis. " Plin. , xxxvi. , 21. Ovid, A. Am. , i. , 506,
"Nec tua mordaci pumice crura teras"), after the hairs had been got rid
of by the resin. Vid. inf. 114. --_Traducit. _ Vid. ad xi. , 31.
[404] _Frangendâ. _ The busts of great criminals were broken by
the common executioner. Cf. x. , 58, "Descendunt statuæ restemque
sequuntur. " Tac. , Ann. , vi. , 2, "Atroces sententiæ dicebantur in
effigies. " Cf. Ruperti, ad Tac. , Ann. , ii. , 32. Suet. , Domit. , 23.
"He blast his wretched kindred with a bust,
For public justice to reduce to dust. " Gifford.
[405] _Paulus. _ He mentions (Sat. vii. , 143) two lawyers, bearing the
names of Paulus and Cossus, who were apparently no honor to their great
names. (For Cossus, cf. inf. _Gætulice_. )
[406] _Gætulice. _ Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Cossus received the name of
Gætulicus from his victory over the Gætuli, "Auspice Augusto," in his
consulship with L. Calpurnius Piso Augur. B. C. 1. Vid. Clinton, F. H. ,
in an. Flor. , iv. , 12.
[407] _Silanus. _ The son-in-law of the Emperor Claudius, who, as
Tacitus says (Ann. , xvi. , 7), "Claritudine generis, and modestâ juventâ
præcellebat. " Cf. Ann. , xii. Suet. , Claud. , 27.
"Hail from whatever stock you draw your birth,
The son of Cossus, or the son of earth. " Gifford.
[408] _Osiri invento. _ Vid. ad vi. , 533.
[409] _Nanum cujusdam. _ There is probably an allusion here to
Domitian's fondness for these deformities. Cf. Domit. , iv. , "Per
omne spectaculum ante pedes ei stabat puerulus coccinatus, _parvo
portentosoque capite_, cum quo plurimum fabulabatur. " Cf. Stat. , Sylv. ,
i. ; vi. , 57, _seq. _
[410] _Scabie. _
"That mangy larcenist of casual spoil,
From lamps extinct that licks the fetid oil. " Badham.
[411] _Creticus. _ Q. Metellus had this surname from his conquest of
Crete, B. C. 67. Vell. Pat. , ii. , 34. Flor. , iii. , 7. Cf. ii. , 78,
"Cretice pelluces. " P. Sulpicius Camerinus was one of the triumvirs
sent to Athens for Solon's laws. Cf. vii. , 90. Liv. , iii. , 33.
Camerinus was a name of the Sulpician gens, and seems to have been
derived from the conquest of Cameria in Latium. (Cf. Facciol. ) Liv. ,
i. , 38. The name of Creticus was actually given in derision to M.
Antonius, father of the triumvir, for his disastrous failure in Crete.
Vid. Plut. in Ant.
[412] _Rubellius_ Blandus was the father, Plautus the son. Both
readings are found here. Of the latter Tacitus says (Ann. , xiv. , 22),
"Omnium ore Rubellius Plautus celebrabatur, _cui nobilitas per matrem
ex Julia familiâ_. " His mother Julia was daughter of Drusus, the son of
Livia, wife of Augustus. Germanicus, his mother's brother, was father
of Agrippina, mother of Nero: hence, inf. 72, "inflatum plenumque
Nerone propinquo. " Cf. Virg. , Æn. , i. , 288, "Julius a magno demissum
nomen Julo. "
[413] _Aggere. _ Cf. ad vi. , 588.
[414] _Vivas. _
"Long may'st thou taste the secret sweets that spring
In breasts affined to so remote a king. " Gifford.
[415] _Nobilis indocti. _
"Who help the well-born dolt in many a strait,
And plead the cause of the unletter'd great. " Badham.
[416] _Marmoreum. _
"For 'tis no bar to kindred, that thy block
Is form'd of flesh and blood, and theirs of rock. " Gifford.
[417] _Fervet. _ "Frequenter celebratur. " Lubin. Some commentators
interpret it of the eager clapping of the hands of the spectators:
others, of the prize of victory.
"The palm of oft-repeated victories. " Hodgson.
"Whom many a well-earned palm and trophy grace. " Gifford.
"Whose easy triumph and transcendent speed,
Palm after palm proclaim. " Badham.
[418] _Nepos_, the name of a noted miller at Rome.
[419] _Aliquid. _ "Sometimes great. " So i. , 74, "Si vis esse _aliquis_. "
Hall imitates this beautifully:
"Brag of thy father's faults, they are thine own;
Brag of his lands, if they are not foregone:
Brag of thine own good deeds; for they are thine,
More than his life, or lands, or golden line. "
[420] _Nerone. _ Cf. ad l. 39.
[421] _Sensus communis. _ There are few phrases in Juvenal on which the
commentators are more divided. Some interpret it exactly in the sense
of the English words "common sense. " Others, "fellow-feeling, sympathy
with mankind at large. " Browne takes it to be "tact. " Cf. Hor. , i. ,
Sat. iii. , 66; Phædr. , i. , Fab. vii. , 4. There is a long and excellent
note in Gifford, who translates it himself by "a sense of modesty,"
but allows that in Cicero it means "a polite intercourse between man
and man;" in Horace, "suavity of manners;" in Seneca, "a proper regard
for the decencies of life:" by others it is used for all these, which
together constitute what we call "courteousness, or good breeding. " So
Quintilian, I. , ii. , 20. Hodgson turns it,
"For plain good sense, first blessing of the sky,
Is rarely met with in a state so high. "
Badham,
"In that high estate
Plain common sense is far from common fate.
"
[422] _Stratus humi. _
"Stretch'd on the ground, the vine's weak tendrils try
To clasp the elm they dropped from, fail, and die. " Gifford.
[423] _Summum crede nefas. _ See some beautiful remarks in Coleridge's
Introduction to the Greek Poets, p. 24, 25.
[424] _Pudori. _
"At honor's cost a feverish span extend,
And sacrifice for life, life's only end!
Life! I profane the word: can those be said
To live, who merit death? No! they are dead. " Gifford.
[425] _Gaurana. _ Gaurus (cf. ix. , 57), a mountain of Campania, near
Baiæ and the Lucrine Lake, which was famous for oysters (cf. iv. , 141,
"Lucrinum ad saxum Rutupinove edita fundo Ostrea," Plin. , iii. , 5.
Martial, v. , Ep. xxxvii. , 3, "Concha Lucrini delicatior stagni"), now
called "Gierro. "
[426] _Cosmus_, a celebrated perfumer, mentioned repeatedly by Martial.
[427] _Capito. _ Cossutianus Capito, son-in-law of Tigellinus (cf. i. ,
155. Tac. , Ann. , xiv. , 48; xvi. , 17), was accused by the Cilicians
of peculation and cruelty ("maculosum fœdumque, et idem jus audaciæ
in provincia ratum quod in urbe exercuerat"), and condemned "lege
repetundarum. " Tac. , Ann. , xiii. , 33. Thrasea Pætus was the advocate
of the Cilicians, and in revenge for this, when Capito was restored
to his honors by the influence of Tigellinus, he procured the death
of Thrasea. Ann. , xvi. , 21, 28, 33. Of Numitor nothing is known save
that he plundered these Cilicians, themselves once the most notorious
of pirates. Cf. Plat. in Pomp. Some read Tutor; a Julius Tutor is
mentioned repeatedly in the fourth book of Tac. Hist. , but with no
allusion to his plundering propensities.
[428] _Naulum. _
"Nor, though your earthly goods be sunk and lost,
Lose the poor waftage of the wandering ghost. " Hodgson.
Cf. iii. , 267, "Nec habet quem porrigat ore trientem. " Holyday
and Ruperti interpret it, "Do not waste your little remnant in an
unprofitable journey to Rome to accuse your plunderer. " Gifford says it
is merely the old proverb, and renders it, "And though you've lost the
hatchet, save the haft. "
[429] _Modo victis. _ Browne explains this by _tantummodo victis_, i.
e. , only subdued, not plundered; and so Ruperti.
[430] _Vivebat. _ "And ivory taught by Phidias' skill to live. " Gifford.
[431] _Dolabella. _ There were three "pirates" of this name, all accused
of extortion; of whom Cicero's son-in-law, the governor of Syria, seems
to have been the worst.
[432] _Verres_ retired from Rome and lived in luxurious and happy
retirement twenty-six years.
[433] _Altis_, or "deep-laden. "
[434] _Plures. _
"More treasures from our friends in peace obtain'd,
Than from our foes in war were ever gain'd. " Gifford.
[435] _Pater. _
"They drive the father of the herd away,
Making both stallion and his pasture prey. " Dryden.
[436] _Resinata. _ Resin dissolved in oil was used to clear the skin of
superfluous hairs. Cf. Plin. , xiv. , 20, "pudet confiteri maximum jam
honorem (resinæ) esse in evellendis ab virorum corporibus pilis. "
[437] _Gallicus axis. _ Cf. Cæs. , B. G. , i. , 51. "The war chariot;"
or the "climate of Gaul," as colder than that of Rome, and breeding
fiercer men. Cf. vi. , 470. "Hyperboreum axem," xiv. , 42.
[438] _Messoribus. _ These reapers are the _Africans_, from whom Rome
derived her principal supply of corn. Cf. v. , 119. Plin. , v. , 4.
[439] _Circo. _ Cf. x. , 80, "duas tantum res anxius optat, Panem et
Circenses. " Tac. , Hist. , i. , 4, "Plebs sordida ac Circo et Theatris
sueta. "
"From those thy gripes restrain,
Who with their sweat Rome's luxury maintain,
And send us plenty, while our wanton day
Is lavish'd at the circus or the play. " Dryden.
[440] _Marius. _ Vid. ad i. , 47.
[441] _Discinxerit. _ Cf. Virg. , Æn. , viii. , 724, "Hic Nomadum genus et
discinctos Mulciber Afros. " Sil. Ital. , ii. , 56, "Discinctos Libyas. "
Money was carried in girdles (xiv. , 296), and the Africans wore but
little other clothing. For the amount of his plunder, see Plin. , ii. ,
Ep. xi. , "Cornutus, censuit septingenta millia quæ acceperat Marius
ærario inferenda. "
[442] _Acersecomes. _ Some "puer intonsus" with flowing locks like
Bacchus or Apollo. Φοῖβος ἀκερσεκόμης. Hom. , Il. , xx. , 39. Pind. ,
Pyth. , iii. , 26.
[443] _Conjuge. _ Cf. the discussion in the senate recorded Tac. , Ann. ,
iii. , 33, _seq. _
[444] _Conventus. _ "Loca constituta in provinciis juri dicundo. " The
different towns in the provinces where the Roman governors held their
courts and heard appeals. The _courts_ as well as the _towns_ were
called by this name. They were also called Fora and Jurisdictiones.
Vid. Plin. , III. , i. , 3; V. , xxix. , 29. Cic. in Verr. , II. , v. , 11.
Cæs. , B. G. , i. , 54; vi. , 44.
[445] _Celæno. _ Cf. Virg. , Æn. , iii. , 211, "dira Celæno Harpyiæque
aliæ. "
[446] _Promethea. _
"E'en from Prometheus' self thy lineage trace,
And ransack history to adorn thy race. " Hodgson.
[447] _Frangis virgas. _
"Rods broke on our associates' bleeding backs,
And headsmen laboring till they blunt their axe. " Dryden.
[448] _Incipit ipsorum. _
"The lofty pride of every honor'd name
Shall rise to vindicate insulted fame,
And hold the torch to blazon forth thy shame. " Hodgson.
[449] _Contra te stare. _
"Will to his blood oppose your daring claim,
And fire a torch to blaze upon your shame. " Gifford.
[450] _Temples. _ The sealing of wills was usually performed in temples;
in the morning, and fasting, as the canon law afterward directed.
[451] _Santonico. _ The Santones were a people of Aquitania, between the
Loire and Garonne. Cf. Mart. , xiv. , Ep. 128, "Gallia Santonico vestit
te bardocucullo. "
[452] _Sufflamine.
and the Rhone, and killed 130,000: for which he received the name of
Allobrogicus. Cf. Liv. , Ep. 61. Vell. , ii. , 16.
[402] _Euganea_, a district of Northern Italy, on the confines of the
Venetian territory.
[403] _Pumice. _ The pumice found at Catana, now Catania, at the foot of
Mount Ætna, was used to rub the body with to make it smooth (cf. ix. ,
95, "Inimicus pumice lævis. " Plin. , xxxvi. , 21. Ovid, A. Am. , i. , 506,
"Nec tua mordaci pumice crura teras"), after the hairs had been got rid
of by the resin. Vid. inf. 114. --_Traducit. _ Vid. ad xi. , 31.
[404] _Frangendâ. _ The busts of great criminals were broken by
the common executioner. Cf. x. , 58, "Descendunt statuæ restemque
sequuntur. " Tac. , Ann. , vi. , 2, "Atroces sententiæ dicebantur in
effigies. " Cf. Ruperti, ad Tac. , Ann. , ii. , 32. Suet. , Domit. , 23.
"He blast his wretched kindred with a bust,
For public justice to reduce to dust. " Gifford.
[405] _Paulus. _ He mentions (Sat. vii. , 143) two lawyers, bearing the
names of Paulus and Cossus, who were apparently no honor to their great
names. (For Cossus, cf. inf. _Gætulice_. )
[406] _Gætulice. _ Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Cossus received the name of
Gætulicus from his victory over the Gætuli, "Auspice Augusto," in his
consulship with L. Calpurnius Piso Augur. B. C. 1. Vid. Clinton, F. H. ,
in an. Flor. , iv. , 12.
[407] _Silanus. _ The son-in-law of the Emperor Claudius, who, as
Tacitus says (Ann. , xvi. , 7), "Claritudine generis, and modestâ juventâ
præcellebat. " Cf. Ann. , xii. Suet. , Claud. , 27.
"Hail from whatever stock you draw your birth,
The son of Cossus, or the son of earth. " Gifford.
[408] _Osiri invento. _ Vid. ad vi. , 533.
[409] _Nanum cujusdam. _ There is probably an allusion here to
Domitian's fondness for these deformities. Cf. Domit. , iv. , "Per
omne spectaculum ante pedes ei stabat puerulus coccinatus, _parvo
portentosoque capite_, cum quo plurimum fabulabatur. " Cf. Stat. , Sylv. ,
i. ; vi. , 57, _seq. _
[410] _Scabie. _
"That mangy larcenist of casual spoil,
From lamps extinct that licks the fetid oil. " Badham.
[411] _Creticus. _ Q. Metellus had this surname from his conquest of
Crete, B. C. 67. Vell. Pat. , ii. , 34. Flor. , iii. , 7. Cf. ii. , 78,
"Cretice pelluces. " P. Sulpicius Camerinus was one of the triumvirs
sent to Athens for Solon's laws. Cf. vii. , 90. Liv. , iii. , 33.
Camerinus was a name of the Sulpician gens, and seems to have been
derived from the conquest of Cameria in Latium. (Cf. Facciol. ) Liv. ,
i. , 38. The name of Creticus was actually given in derision to M.
Antonius, father of the triumvir, for his disastrous failure in Crete.
Vid. Plut. in Ant.
[412] _Rubellius_ Blandus was the father, Plautus the son. Both
readings are found here. Of the latter Tacitus says (Ann. , xiv. , 22),
"Omnium ore Rubellius Plautus celebrabatur, _cui nobilitas per matrem
ex Julia familiâ_. " His mother Julia was daughter of Drusus, the son of
Livia, wife of Augustus. Germanicus, his mother's brother, was father
of Agrippina, mother of Nero: hence, inf. 72, "inflatum plenumque
Nerone propinquo. " Cf. Virg. , Æn. , i. , 288, "Julius a magno demissum
nomen Julo. "
[413] _Aggere. _ Cf. ad vi. , 588.
[414] _Vivas. _
"Long may'st thou taste the secret sweets that spring
In breasts affined to so remote a king. " Gifford.
[415] _Nobilis indocti. _
"Who help the well-born dolt in many a strait,
And plead the cause of the unletter'd great. " Badham.
[416] _Marmoreum. _
"For 'tis no bar to kindred, that thy block
Is form'd of flesh and blood, and theirs of rock. " Gifford.
[417] _Fervet. _ "Frequenter celebratur. " Lubin. Some commentators
interpret it of the eager clapping of the hands of the spectators:
others, of the prize of victory.
"The palm of oft-repeated victories. " Hodgson.
"Whom many a well-earned palm and trophy grace. " Gifford.
"Whose easy triumph and transcendent speed,
Palm after palm proclaim. " Badham.
[418] _Nepos_, the name of a noted miller at Rome.
[419] _Aliquid. _ "Sometimes great. " So i. , 74, "Si vis esse _aliquis_. "
Hall imitates this beautifully:
"Brag of thy father's faults, they are thine own;
Brag of his lands, if they are not foregone:
Brag of thine own good deeds; for they are thine,
More than his life, or lands, or golden line. "
[420] _Nerone. _ Cf. ad l. 39.
[421] _Sensus communis. _ There are few phrases in Juvenal on which the
commentators are more divided. Some interpret it exactly in the sense
of the English words "common sense. " Others, "fellow-feeling, sympathy
with mankind at large. " Browne takes it to be "tact. " Cf. Hor. , i. ,
Sat. iii. , 66; Phædr. , i. , Fab. vii. , 4. There is a long and excellent
note in Gifford, who translates it himself by "a sense of modesty,"
but allows that in Cicero it means "a polite intercourse between man
and man;" in Horace, "suavity of manners;" in Seneca, "a proper regard
for the decencies of life:" by others it is used for all these, which
together constitute what we call "courteousness, or good breeding. " So
Quintilian, I. , ii. , 20. Hodgson turns it,
"For plain good sense, first blessing of the sky,
Is rarely met with in a state so high. "
Badham,
"In that high estate
Plain common sense is far from common fate.
"
[422] _Stratus humi. _
"Stretch'd on the ground, the vine's weak tendrils try
To clasp the elm they dropped from, fail, and die. " Gifford.
[423] _Summum crede nefas. _ See some beautiful remarks in Coleridge's
Introduction to the Greek Poets, p. 24, 25.
[424] _Pudori. _
"At honor's cost a feverish span extend,
And sacrifice for life, life's only end!
Life! I profane the word: can those be said
To live, who merit death? No! they are dead. " Gifford.
[425] _Gaurana. _ Gaurus (cf. ix. , 57), a mountain of Campania, near
Baiæ and the Lucrine Lake, which was famous for oysters (cf. iv. , 141,
"Lucrinum ad saxum Rutupinove edita fundo Ostrea," Plin. , iii. , 5.
Martial, v. , Ep. xxxvii. , 3, "Concha Lucrini delicatior stagni"), now
called "Gierro. "
[426] _Cosmus_, a celebrated perfumer, mentioned repeatedly by Martial.
[427] _Capito. _ Cossutianus Capito, son-in-law of Tigellinus (cf. i. ,
155. Tac. , Ann. , xiv. , 48; xvi. , 17), was accused by the Cilicians
of peculation and cruelty ("maculosum fœdumque, et idem jus audaciæ
in provincia ratum quod in urbe exercuerat"), and condemned "lege
repetundarum. " Tac. , Ann. , xiii. , 33. Thrasea Pætus was the advocate
of the Cilicians, and in revenge for this, when Capito was restored
to his honors by the influence of Tigellinus, he procured the death
of Thrasea. Ann. , xvi. , 21, 28, 33. Of Numitor nothing is known save
that he plundered these Cilicians, themselves once the most notorious
of pirates. Cf. Plat. in Pomp. Some read Tutor; a Julius Tutor is
mentioned repeatedly in the fourth book of Tac. Hist. , but with no
allusion to his plundering propensities.
[428] _Naulum. _
"Nor, though your earthly goods be sunk and lost,
Lose the poor waftage of the wandering ghost. " Hodgson.
Cf. iii. , 267, "Nec habet quem porrigat ore trientem. " Holyday
and Ruperti interpret it, "Do not waste your little remnant in an
unprofitable journey to Rome to accuse your plunderer. " Gifford says it
is merely the old proverb, and renders it, "And though you've lost the
hatchet, save the haft. "
[429] _Modo victis. _ Browne explains this by _tantummodo victis_, i.
e. , only subdued, not plundered; and so Ruperti.
[430] _Vivebat. _ "And ivory taught by Phidias' skill to live. " Gifford.
[431] _Dolabella. _ There were three "pirates" of this name, all accused
of extortion; of whom Cicero's son-in-law, the governor of Syria, seems
to have been the worst.
[432] _Verres_ retired from Rome and lived in luxurious and happy
retirement twenty-six years.
[433] _Altis_, or "deep-laden. "
[434] _Plures. _
"More treasures from our friends in peace obtain'd,
Than from our foes in war were ever gain'd. " Gifford.
[435] _Pater. _
"They drive the father of the herd away,
Making both stallion and his pasture prey. " Dryden.
[436] _Resinata. _ Resin dissolved in oil was used to clear the skin of
superfluous hairs. Cf. Plin. , xiv. , 20, "pudet confiteri maximum jam
honorem (resinæ) esse in evellendis ab virorum corporibus pilis. "
[437] _Gallicus axis. _ Cf. Cæs. , B. G. , i. , 51. "The war chariot;"
or the "climate of Gaul," as colder than that of Rome, and breeding
fiercer men. Cf. vi. , 470. "Hyperboreum axem," xiv. , 42.
[438] _Messoribus. _ These reapers are the _Africans_, from whom Rome
derived her principal supply of corn. Cf. v. , 119. Plin. , v. , 4.
[439] _Circo. _ Cf. x. , 80, "duas tantum res anxius optat, Panem et
Circenses. " Tac. , Hist. , i. , 4, "Plebs sordida ac Circo et Theatris
sueta. "
"From those thy gripes restrain,
Who with their sweat Rome's luxury maintain,
And send us plenty, while our wanton day
Is lavish'd at the circus or the play. " Dryden.
[440] _Marius. _ Vid. ad i. , 47.
[441] _Discinxerit. _ Cf. Virg. , Æn. , viii. , 724, "Hic Nomadum genus et
discinctos Mulciber Afros. " Sil. Ital. , ii. , 56, "Discinctos Libyas. "
Money was carried in girdles (xiv. , 296), and the Africans wore but
little other clothing. For the amount of his plunder, see Plin. , ii. ,
Ep. xi. , "Cornutus, censuit septingenta millia quæ acceperat Marius
ærario inferenda. "
[442] _Acersecomes. _ Some "puer intonsus" with flowing locks like
Bacchus or Apollo. Φοῖβος ἀκερσεκόμης. Hom. , Il. , xx. , 39. Pind. ,
Pyth. , iii. , 26.
[443] _Conjuge. _ Cf. the discussion in the senate recorded Tac. , Ann. ,
iii. , 33, _seq. _
[444] _Conventus. _ "Loca constituta in provinciis juri dicundo. " The
different towns in the provinces where the Roman governors held their
courts and heard appeals. The _courts_ as well as the _towns_ were
called by this name. They were also called Fora and Jurisdictiones.
Vid. Plin. , III. , i. , 3; V. , xxix. , 29. Cic. in Verr. , II. , v. , 11.
Cæs. , B. G. , i. , 54; vi. , 44.
[445] _Celæno. _ Cf. Virg. , Æn. , iii. , 211, "dira Celæno Harpyiæque
aliæ. "
[446] _Promethea. _
"E'en from Prometheus' self thy lineage trace,
And ransack history to adorn thy race. " Hodgson.
[447] _Frangis virgas. _
"Rods broke on our associates' bleeding backs,
And headsmen laboring till they blunt their axe. " Dryden.
[448] _Incipit ipsorum. _
"The lofty pride of every honor'd name
Shall rise to vindicate insulted fame,
And hold the torch to blazon forth thy shame. " Hodgson.
[449] _Contra te stare. _
"Will to his blood oppose your daring claim,
And fire a torch to blaze upon your shame. " Gifford.
[450] _Temples. _ The sealing of wills was usually performed in temples;
in the morning, and fasting, as the canon law afterward directed.
[451] _Santonico. _ The Santones were a people of Aquitania, between the
Loire and Garonne. Cf. Mart. , xiv. , Ep. 128, "Gallia Santonico vestit
te bardocucullo. "
[452] _Sufflamine.
