ad
bimself, who admitted them to favourable terms, Att.
bimself, who admitted them to favourable terms, Att.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
Sempro-
nius Tuditanus. (Liv. xxxiii. 42. ) In B. c. 193
he again served in Cisalpine Gaul as one of the
lieutenants of the consul L. Cornelius Merula, and
took part in the great victory he obtained over the
Boians. (Id. xxxv. 5, 8. ) In B. C. 189 he ob
tained the censorship in conjunction with T. Fla-
5. M. CLAUDIUS M. F. M. N. MARCELLUS, son mininus, an honour which was enhanced in this
of the preceding, was remarkable as a youth for his instance by the number of distinguished competitors
personal beauty, as well as for his modest and over whom they obtained the preference. Their
engaging demeanour. The insult offered him by census was marked by the first admission of the
Scantilius, and the punishment inflicted on the people of Formiae, Fundi, and Arpinum, to the full
latter by the elder Marcellus, have been already ad- rights Roman citizens. (Liv. xxxvii. 58, xxxviii.
verted to (p. 297, b). In B. c. 208 he accompanied 28, 36. ) From this time we hear no more of him
his father as military tribune, and was one of till his death, in B. c. 177. (Id. xli. 13. )
those present with him at the time of his death. 6. M. CLAUDIUS M. f. M. N. MARCELLUS,
He was himself badly wounded in the skirmish in probably a brother of the preceding, though bearing
which the elder Marcellus fell, notwithstanding the same praenomen, was consul in B. c. 183, with
which, we find him shortly after entrusted by the Q. Fabius Labeo. (Liv. xxxix. 44; Fast. Capit. )
consul Crispinus with the charge of conducting the It seems probable that he is the same person who
troops of his father's army into safe quarters at | is mentioned (Liv. xxxix. 23) as one of the praetors
Venusia. (Liv. xxvii. 27, 29 ; Polyb. x. 32; Plut. two years before (B. C. 185), though his name is
Marc. 28-30. ) On his return to Rome, he there written in many of the editions and MSS. of
received from Hannibal the ashes of his father, Livy Marcellinus. Liguria was assigned to both
over which he pronounced his funeral oration, a the consuls as their province; but the arms of Mar-
composition which Caelius Antipater already re- cellus were in fact directed against a body of Gauls
garded as unworthy of credit in an historical point who had lately crossed the Alps, and settled theni-
of view (Liv. xxvii. 27), though it may well be selves in the territory of Aquileia. They, however,
suspected to be the source from whence have submitted on the approach of the consul, were dis-
emanated many of the misrepresentations and ex. armed, and compelled to return across the moun-
aggerations which have disfigured the history of tains. After this he carried his arms into Istria,
the elder Marcellus.
but apparently effected little, and was soon obliged
In B. c. 205 he dedicated the temple of Virtus, to return to Rome to hold the comitia. (Liv.
near the Porta Capena, which had been vowed by xxxix. 45, 54–56. ) He held the sacerdotal office
his father, but was still unfinished at the time of of decemvir sacrorum, and died in B. c. 169. (Liv.
his death (Liv. xxix. 11); and the following year xliv. 18. )
(204) he held the office of tribune of the people. 7. M. CLAUDIUS MARCELLUS, praetor in B. C.
In this capacity he was one of those appointed to 188, in which office he ordered two Romans of
accompany the praetor, M. Pomponius Matho, to noble birth, who had been guilty of an outrage
inquire into the charge of sacrilege brought by the towards the Carthaginian ambassadors, to be given
Locrians against Scipio, as well as his lieutenant, up to that people. (Liv. xxxviii. 35, 42. ) Some
Pleminius. (Liv. xxix. 20. ) Four years later writers consider that it is this Marcellus, and not
(B. C. 200) he was curule aedile with Sex. Aelius the praetor of 185, who became consul-in 183.
3 0 2
## p. 932 (#948) ############################################
932
MARCELLUS.
MARCELLUS.
:
8. M. CLAUDIUS M. P. M. N. MARCELLUS, son Clodius in B. C. 56. (Cic. ad Att. iv. 3. ) In
of No. 5, conspicuous for his three consulships. February of that year he defended Milo, at Cicero's
He succeeded his father as pontifex in B. c. 177, request, against the charge of violence brought
though he had not then held any of the higher against him by Clodius. (Cic. ad Q. Fr. ii. 3. )
offices of the state. (Liv. xli. 13. ) In 169 he in 54 he was one of the six advocates who de-
was appointed praetor, and Spain assigned him for fended the cause of M. Scaurus (Ascon. ad Scaur.
his province. (Id. xliii
. 11, 15. ) Three years p. 20, ed. Orell. ); and after the death of Clodius
later he obtained his first consulslip, B. C. 166, (B. C. 52), took a prominent part in the defence of
which was marked by a victory over the Alpine Milo. (Id. ad Milon. pp. 35, 40, 41. ) In the
tribes of the Gauls, for which he was honoured same year he was elected consul, together with
with a triumph. (Liv. xlv. 44, Epit. xlvi. ; Fast Ser. Sulpicius Rufus, for the ensuing year. For
Capit. ) His second consulship, in B. c. 155, was, this distinction he was probably indebted to the
in like manner, distinguished by a triumph over support and favour of Pompey; and during the
the Ligurians (Fast. Capit. ); but we know nothing period of his magistracy (B. C. 51) he showed himself
farther of his exploits on either of these occasions. a zenlous partisan of the latter, and sought to secure
In B. c. 152 he was a third time raised to the con- his favour by urging the senate to extreme mea-
sulship, together with L. Valerius Flaccus, and ap- bures against Caesar. Among other modes in
pointed to conduct the war in Spain. Here he which he displayed his zeal, was the very indis-
obtained some successes over the Celtiberians ; and creet one of causing a citizen of Comum to be
having added to the impression thus produced by scourged, in order to show his contempt for the
the clemency with which he treated the van- privileges lately bestowed by Caesar upon that
quished, he induced all the tribes at that time in colony. (Cic. ad Att. v. 11; Appian, B. C. ii.
arms to give hostages, and send ambassadors to | 26 ; Suet. Cacs. 28. ) But his vehemence gradually
Rome to sue for peace ; but his conduct was attri- abated, as he found himself opposed by his colleague
buted to indolence or timidity: the senate refused Sulpicius and several of the tribunes, while Pompey
to ratify the proposed terms, and appointed L. himself lent him no active support, and even dis-
Lucullus, one of the new consuls, to succeed Mar- tinctly refused to second him in his proposition for
cellus, and continue the war. Meanwhile, Mar- the immediate abrogation of Caesar's authority.
cellus, after an expedition against the Lusitanians, But the election of the new consuls terminated
in which he had reduced the strong town of Ner- favourably to the party of Pompey ; and at length,
gobriga, had returned to winter at Corduba ; but on the 30th of September, Marcellus procured a
on learning the resolution of the senate, he sud- resolution of the senate, that the whole subject
denly broke up his winter-quarters, and marched should be brought under discussion on the 1st of
into the country of the Celtiberians ; whereupon March in the following year. After this no further
all those tribes who had been previously in arms steps were taken before the expiration of his office.
hastened to submit at discretion ; a result previously (Suet. Caes. 28, 29; Dion Cass. xl. 58, 59; Ap-
concerted, as it was suspected, with the consul pian, B. C. ii. 26 ; Caes. B. G. vii. 53; Cic.
ad
bimself, who admitted them to favourable terms, Att. viii. 3; Caelius, ud Fam. viii. 1, 8, 10, 13. )
while he bad the satisfaction of handing over the But all the party zeal and animosity of Marcellus
province to his successor in a state of perfect tran- did not blind him to the obvious imprudence of
quillity. (Appian, Hisp. 48–50; Polyb. xxxv. forcing on a war for which they were unprepared ;
2, 3; Liv. Epit. xlviii. , Eutrop. iv. 9. ) The ad- and hence, as it became evident that an open rup-
ministration of Marcellus in Spain was farther dis- ture was inevitable, he endeavoured to moderate
tinguished by the foundation of the important the vehemence of bis own party. Thus, in B. C.
colony of Corduba. (Strab. iii. p. 141. ) In 148 50, we find him urging the senate to interpose their
he was sent ambassador to Masinissa, king of Nu- authority with the tribunes to induce them to
midia, but was shipwrecked on the voyage, and withdraw their opposition (Cic. ad Fam. viii. 13);
perished. (Liv. Epit. L. ; Cic. in Pison. 19, de and at the beginning of the year 49 he in vain
Drivin. ii. 5. ) It is recorded of this Marcellus suggested the necessity of making levies of troops,
that he commemorated, by an inscription in the before any open steps were taken against Caesar.
temple of Honour and Virtue, consecrated by his (Caes. B. C. i. 2. ) His advice was overruled, and
father, the circumstance that his grandfather, his he was among the first to fly from Rome and Italy.
father, and himself, bad enjoyed between them no But though he joined Pompey and his partisans in
less than nine consulships, an instance unparalleled Epeirus, it is clear that he did not engage with any
in the history of Rome. (Ascon. ad Cic. Pison. p. heartiness in the cause of which, according to
12, ed. Orell. )
Cicero, he foresaw the failure from the beginning:
9. M. CLAUDIUS MARCELLUS, son of the pre- and after the battle of Pharsalia he abandoned all
ceding, and father of the following, as well as of thoughts of prolonging the contest, and withdrew
No. 12. He is not mentioned by any ancient to Mytilene, where he gave himself up to the pur-
author, but is supplied as a necessary link of the suits of rhetoric and philosophy. Here Caesar was
pedigree. (See Drumann, Gesch. Roms, vol. ii. p. content to leave him unmolested in a kind of
393, and below, No. 12. )
honourable exile ; and Marcellus himself was un-
10. M. Claudius MARCELLUS, curule aedile in willing to sue to the conqueror for forgiveness,
B. C. 91. (Cic. de Or. i. 13. ) He is supposed by though Cicero wrote to bim repeatedly from Rome,
Drumann to be the father of the following, and urging him in the strongest manner to do so, and
brother of No. 12.
assuring him of the clemency of Caesar. But
11. M. Claudius, M. P. M. N. MARCELLUS though Marcellus himself would take no steps to
(probably a son of the preceding), the friend of procure his recall, his friends at Rome were not
Cicero, and subject of the oration Pro M. Marcello, backward in their exertions for that purpose ; and
ascribed, though erroneously, to the great orator. at length, in a full assembly of the senate, C. Mar-
He is first mentioned as curule aedile with P. cellus, the cousin of the exile, threw himself ac
## p. 933 (#949) ############################################
MARCELLUS.
933
MARCELLUS.
Caesar's feet to implore the pardon of his kinsman, presented by Curio. It does not appear that Mar-
and his example was followed by the whole body cellus took any prominent part in the debates that
of the assembly. Caesar yielded to this demon- ensued, and the violent proceedings which led tu.
stration of opinion, and Marcellus was declared to the flight of the tribunes and the actual breaking
be forgiven, and restored to all his former honours. out of the war ; but neither do we learn that he
Cicero wrote to announce to him this favourable attempted to check the intemperate zeal of his col-
result, in a letter now lost ; but the answer of league, and the other leaders of the war party. He
Marcellus is preserved, and is marked by a singular appears indeed, so far as we can judge, to have
coldness, which would lead us to the conclusion been a man of small abilities, who was put forward
that his indifference in this matter was real, and as a tool by the more violent partisans of Pompey.
not assumed. He, however, set out immediately On the brenking out of the war he accompanied his
on his return; but having touched at the Peireeus, colleague, Lentulus, in his hasty flight from Rome,
where he had an interview with his former col-Look part in the subsequent proceedings at Capua,
league, Sulpicius, then proconsul in Greece, he was and eventually crossed over to Dyrrhachiurn with
assassinated immediately afterwards by one of his a part of the army of Pompey. In the following
own attendents, P. Magius Chilo. There seems year (B. C. 48) we find him mentioned as com-
no doubt that the deed was prompted by private manding a part of Pompey's fleet (Caes. B. C. iii.
resentment, though suspected at the time to have 5); but this is the last we hear of him, and it
been committed at the instigation of Caesar. Sul- therefore seems probable, as suggested by Dru-
picius paid him all due funeral honours, and calised mann, that he perished in the civil war. (Dion
him to be buried in the Academy, where a monu- Cass. xli. 1-3; Caes. B. C. i. 1-5, 14, 25;
ment was erected to him by the Athenians, at the Appian, B. C. ii. 33, 37—39 ; Plut. Caes. 35,
public expense. (Cic. ad Fam. iv. 4, 7-11, 12, Pomp. 62; Cic. ad Att. vii. 18, 20, 21, ix, l. )
vi. 6, ad Alt. xiii. 10—22, pro M. Marcello, Cicero certainly alludes to him some years after-
passin, Brid. 71. )
wards as then dead. (Phil. xiii. 14. )
Marcellus had been, as already observed, a friend 13. C. CLAUDIUS, M. f. M. n. MARCELLUS,
of Cicero's from his earliest youth ; their views on uncle of the two preceding, and father of the consul
political affairs had generally coincided, and they in B. c. 50. He is called by the Pseudo-Asconius
continued to act in concert until the breaking out (ad Verr. p. 206) great-grandson (pronepos) of the
of the civil war. Hence we cannot wonder at the conqueror of Syracuse (No. 4) ; but as has been
very high praises bestowed by the latter upon the pointed out by Wesseling and Drumann, this is
wisdom and prudence of Marcellus, of whom he impossible on chronological grounds, and he must
speaks on several occasions in terms which would have been a grandson of No. 8, and therefore
lead us to suppose him a perfect model of a philoso- abnepos of No. 4. He was praetor apparently in
phic statesman. Caelius, on the cortrary, calls B. C. 80, and afterwards succeeded M. Aemilius
him slow and inefficient ; but while his conduct in Lepidus in the government of Sicily. He found
his consulship was certainly not such as to give us that province in a state of great distress and con-
a high opinion of his political sagacity or prudence, fusion from the exactions and oppressions of his
it would rather seem to have deserved censure for predecessor ; but by the mildness and justice of
defects the very opposite of these. Or his merits his administration, he restored it to such a flourish-
as an orator, we are wholly incompetent to judge, ing state, that Cicero tells us he was looked upon
but they are said to have been of a high order, and by the Sicilians as the second saviour of their
inferior to few except Cicero himself. (Cic. Brut. country. Statues were erected to him in almost
71. All the passages in Cicero relating to M. Mar- every city of the island ; and the festival of the
cellus will be found collected or referred to by Orelli, Marcellea already instituted in honour of his pro-
Onomasticon Tullian. pp. 157, 158. See also Dru- genitor (see No. 4) was now renewed in his favour.
mann, Gesch. Roms, vol. ii. p. 393, &c. , and Passow Throughout the speeches against Verres, Cicero
in Zimmermann's Zeitschrift jür Alterthumswis- dwells frequently upon the administration of Mar-
scnschaft, 1835. )
cellus, as affording the most striking contrast to
12. C. CLAUDIUS, M. F. M. N. MARCELLUS, a that of the accused. By a singular accident, Mar-
brother of the preceding, of whom very little is cellus himself was present on that occasion, as one
known previous to his election in B. c. 50, to be con- of the judges of Verres. (Cic. Verr. ii. 3, 21, iji.
sul for the ensuing year (49), a distinction which he 16, 91, iv. 40, 42, &c. , Div. in Caecil. 4. ) He
obtained, it is said, in consequence of his declared held the office of augur, in which Cicero was one
enmity to Caesar. (Caes. B. G. viii. 50. ) He is of his colleagues, and is cited by him as one of
constantly confounded with his cousin, C. Mar- those who regarded the whole science of augury as
cellus (No. 14) who was consul in the year 50 with a merely political institution.
nius Tuditanus. (Liv. xxxiii. 42. ) In B. c. 193
he again served in Cisalpine Gaul as one of the
lieutenants of the consul L. Cornelius Merula, and
took part in the great victory he obtained over the
Boians. (Id. xxxv. 5, 8. ) In B. C. 189 he ob
tained the censorship in conjunction with T. Fla-
5. M. CLAUDIUS M. F. M. N. MARCELLUS, son mininus, an honour which was enhanced in this
of the preceding, was remarkable as a youth for his instance by the number of distinguished competitors
personal beauty, as well as for his modest and over whom they obtained the preference. Their
engaging demeanour. The insult offered him by census was marked by the first admission of the
Scantilius, and the punishment inflicted on the people of Formiae, Fundi, and Arpinum, to the full
latter by the elder Marcellus, have been already ad- rights Roman citizens. (Liv. xxxvii. 58, xxxviii.
verted to (p. 297, b). In B. c. 208 he accompanied 28, 36. ) From this time we hear no more of him
his father as military tribune, and was one of till his death, in B. c. 177. (Id. xli. 13. )
those present with him at the time of his death. 6. M. CLAUDIUS M. f. M. N. MARCELLUS,
He was himself badly wounded in the skirmish in probably a brother of the preceding, though bearing
which the elder Marcellus fell, notwithstanding the same praenomen, was consul in B. c. 183, with
which, we find him shortly after entrusted by the Q. Fabius Labeo. (Liv. xxxix. 44; Fast. Capit. )
consul Crispinus with the charge of conducting the It seems probable that he is the same person who
troops of his father's army into safe quarters at | is mentioned (Liv. xxxix. 23) as one of the praetors
Venusia. (Liv. xxvii. 27, 29 ; Polyb. x. 32; Plut. two years before (B. C. 185), though his name is
Marc. 28-30. ) On his return to Rome, he there written in many of the editions and MSS. of
received from Hannibal the ashes of his father, Livy Marcellinus. Liguria was assigned to both
over which he pronounced his funeral oration, a the consuls as their province; but the arms of Mar-
composition which Caelius Antipater already re- cellus were in fact directed against a body of Gauls
garded as unworthy of credit in an historical point who had lately crossed the Alps, and settled theni-
of view (Liv. xxvii. 27), though it may well be selves in the territory of Aquileia. They, however,
suspected to be the source from whence have submitted on the approach of the consul, were dis-
emanated many of the misrepresentations and ex. armed, and compelled to return across the moun-
aggerations which have disfigured the history of tains. After this he carried his arms into Istria,
the elder Marcellus.
but apparently effected little, and was soon obliged
In B. c. 205 he dedicated the temple of Virtus, to return to Rome to hold the comitia. (Liv.
near the Porta Capena, which had been vowed by xxxix. 45, 54–56. ) He held the sacerdotal office
his father, but was still unfinished at the time of of decemvir sacrorum, and died in B. c. 169. (Liv.
his death (Liv. xxix. 11); and the following year xliv. 18. )
(204) he held the office of tribune of the people. 7. M. CLAUDIUS MARCELLUS, praetor in B. C.
In this capacity he was one of those appointed to 188, in which office he ordered two Romans of
accompany the praetor, M. Pomponius Matho, to noble birth, who had been guilty of an outrage
inquire into the charge of sacrilege brought by the towards the Carthaginian ambassadors, to be given
Locrians against Scipio, as well as his lieutenant, up to that people. (Liv. xxxviii. 35, 42. ) Some
Pleminius. (Liv. xxix. 20. ) Four years later writers consider that it is this Marcellus, and not
(B. C. 200) he was curule aedile with Sex. Aelius the praetor of 185, who became consul-in 183.
3 0 2
## p. 932 (#948) ############################################
932
MARCELLUS.
MARCELLUS.
:
8. M. CLAUDIUS M. P. M. N. MARCELLUS, son Clodius in B. C. 56. (Cic. ad Att. iv. 3. ) In
of No. 5, conspicuous for his three consulships. February of that year he defended Milo, at Cicero's
He succeeded his father as pontifex in B. c. 177, request, against the charge of violence brought
though he had not then held any of the higher against him by Clodius. (Cic. ad Q. Fr. ii. 3. )
offices of the state. (Liv. xli. 13. ) In 169 he in 54 he was one of the six advocates who de-
was appointed praetor, and Spain assigned him for fended the cause of M. Scaurus (Ascon. ad Scaur.
his province. (Id. xliii
. 11, 15. ) Three years p. 20, ed. Orell. ); and after the death of Clodius
later he obtained his first consulslip, B. C. 166, (B. C. 52), took a prominent part in the defence of
which was marked by a victory over the Alpine Milo. (Id. ad Milon. pp. 35, 40, 41. ) In the
tribes of the Gauls, for which he was honoured same year he was elected consul, together with
with a triumph. (Liv. xlv. 44, Epit. xlvi. ; Fast Ser. Sulpicius Rufus, for the ensuing year. For
Capit. ) His second consulship, in B. c. 155, was, this distinction he was probably indebted to the
in like manner, distinguished by a triumph over support and favour of Pompey; and during the
the Ligurians (Fast. Capit. ); but we know nothing period of his magistracy (B. C. 51) he showed himself
farther of his exploits on either of these occasions. a zenlous partisan of the latter, and sought to secure
In B. c. 152 he was a third time raised to the con- his favour by urging the senate to extreme mea-
sulship, together with L. Valerius Flaccus, and ap- bures against Caesar. Among other modes in
pointed to conduct the war in Spain. Here he which he displayed his zeal, was the very indis-
obtained some successes over the Celtiberians ; and creet one of causing a citizen of Comum to be
having added to the impression thus produced by scourged, in order to show his contempt for the
the clemency with which he treated the van- privileges lately bestowed by Caesar upon that
quished, he induced all the tribes at that time in colony. (Cic. ad Att. v. 11; Appian, B. C. ii.
arms to give hostages, and send ambassadors to | 26 ; Suet. Cacs. 28. ) But his vehemence gradually
Rome to sue for peace ; but his conduct was attri- abated, as he found himself opposed by his colleague
buted to indolence or timidity: the senate refused Sulpicius and several of the tribunes, while Pompey
to ratify the proposed terms, and appointed L. himself lent him no active support, and even dis-
Lucullus, one of the new consuls, to succeed Mar- tinctly refused to second him in his proposition for
cellus, and continue the war. Meanwhile, Mar- the immediate abrogation of Caesar's authority.
cellus, after an expedition against the Lusitanians, But the election of the new consuls terminated
in which he had reduced the strong town of Ner- favourably to the party of Pompey ; and at length,
gobriga, had returned to winter at Corduba ; but on the 30th of September, Marcellus procured a
on learning the resolution of the senate, he sud- resolution of the senate, that the whole subject
denly broke up his winter-quarters, and marched should be brought under discussion on the 1st of
into the country of the Celtiberians ; whereupon March in the following year. After this no further
all those tribes who had been previously in arms steps were taken before the expiration of his office.
hastened to submit at discretion ; a result previously (Suet. Caes. 28, 29; Dion Cass. xl. 58, 59; Ap-
concerted, as it was suspected, with the consul pian, B. C. ii. 26 ; Caes. B. G. vii. 53; Cic.
ad
bimself, who admitted them to favourable terms, Att. viii. 3; Caelius, ud Fam. viii. 1, 8, 10, 13. )
while he bad the satisfaction of handing over the But all the party zeal and animosity of Marcellus
province to his successor in a state of perfect tran- did not blind him to the obvious imprudence of
quillity. (Appian, Hisp. 48–50; Polyb. xxxv. forcing on a war for which they were unprepared ;
2, 3; Liv. Epit. xlviii. , Eutrop. iv. 9. ) The ad- and hence, as it became evident that an open rup-
ministration of Marcellus in Spain was farther dis- ture was inevitable, he endeavoured to moderate
tinguished by the foundation of the important the vehemence of bis own party. Thus, in B. C.
colony of Corduba. (Strab. iii. p. 141. ) In 148 50, we find him urging the senate to interpose their
he was sent ambassador to Masinissa, king of Nu- authority with the tribunes to induce them to
midia, but was shipwrecked on the voyage, and withdraw their opposition (Cic. ad Fam. viii. 13);
perished. (Liv. Epit. L. ; Cic. in Pison. 19, de and at the beginning of the year 49 he in vain
Drivin. ii. 5. ) It is recorded of this Marcellus suggested the necessity of making levies of troops,
that he commemorated, by an inscription in the before any open steps were taken against Caesar.
temple of Honour and Virtue, consecrated by his (Caes. B. C. i. 2. ) His advice was overruled, and
father, the circumstance that his grandfather, his he was among the first to fly from Rome and Italy.
father, and himself, bad enjoyed between them no But though he joined Pompey and his partisans in
less than nine consulships, an instance unparalleled Epeirus, it is clear that he did not engage with any
in the history of Rome. (Ascon. ad Cic. Pison. p. heartiness in the cause of which, according to
12, ed. Orell. )
Cicero, he foresaw the failure from the beginning:
9. M. CLAUDIUS MARCELLUS, son of the pre- and after the battle of Pharsalia he abandoned all
ceding, and father of the following, as well as of thoughts of prolonging the contest, and withdrew
No. 12. He is not mentioned by any ancient to Mytilene, where he gave himself up to the pur-
author, but is supplied as a necessary link of the suits of rhetoric and philosophy. Here Caesar was
pedigree. (See Drumann, Gesch. Roms, vol. ii. p. content to leave him unmolested in a kind of
393, and below, No. 12. )
honourable exile ; and Marcellus himself was un-
10. M. Claudius MARCELLUS, curule aedile in willing to sue to the conqueror for forgiveness,
B. C. 91. (Cic. de Or. i. 13. ) He is supposed by though Cicero wrote to bim repeatedly from Rome,
Drumann to be the father of the following, and urging him in the strongest manner to do so, and
brother of No. 12.
assuring him of the clemency of Caesar. But
11. M. Claudius, M. P. M. N. MARCELLUS though Marcellus himself would take no steps to
(probably a son of the preceding), the friend of procure his recall, his friends at Rome were not
Cicero, and subject of the oration Pro M. Marcello, backward in their exertions for that purpose ; and
ascribed, though erroneously, to the great orator. at length, in a full assembly of the senate, C. Mar-
He is first mentioned as curule aedile with P. cellus, the cousin of the exile, threw himself ac
## p. 933 (#949) ############################################
MARCELLUS.
933
MARCELLUS.
Caesar's feet to implore the pardon of his kinsman, presented by Curio. It does not appear that Mar-
and his example was followed by the whole body cellus took any prominent part in the debates that
of the assembly. Caesar yielded to this demon- ensued, and the violent proceedings which led tu.
stration of opinion, and Marcellus was declared to the flight of the tribunes and the actual breaking
be forgiven, and restored to all his former honours. out of the war ; but neither do we learn that he
Cicero wrote to announce to him this favourable attempted to check the intemperate zeal of his col-
result, in a letter now lost ; but the answer of league, and the other leaders of the war party. He
Marcellus is preserved, and is marked by a singular appears indeed, so far as we can judge, to have
coldness, which would lead us to the conclusion been a man of small abilities, who was put forward
that his indifference in this matter was real, and as a tool by the more violent partisans of Pompey.
not assumed. He, however, set out immediately On the brenking out of the war he accompanied his
on his return; but having touched at the Peireeus, colleague, Lentulus, in his hasty flight from Rome,
where he had an interview with his former col-Look part in the subsequent proceedings at Capua,
league, Sulpicius, then proconsul in Greece, he was and eventually crossed over to Dyrrhachiurn with
assassinated immediately afterwards by one of his a part of the army of Pompey. In the following
own attendents, P. Magius Chilo. There seems year (B. C. 48) we find him mentioned as com-
no doubt that the deed was prompted by private manding a part of Pompey's fleet (Caes. B. C. iii.
resentment, though suspected at the time to have 5); but this is the last we hear of him, and it
been committed at the instigation of Caesar. Sul- therefore seems probable, as suggested by Dru-
picius paid him all due funeral honours, and calised mann, that he perished in the civil war. (Dion
him to be buried in the Academy, where a monu- Cass. xli. 1-3; Caes. B. C. i. 1-5, 14, 25;
ment was erected to him by the Athenians, at the Appian, B. C. ii. 33, 37—39 ; Plut. Caes. 35,
public expense. (Cic. ad Fam. iv. 4, 7-11, 12, Pomp. 62; Cic. ad Att. vii. 18, 20, 21, ix, l. )
vi. 6, ad Alt. xiii. 10—22, pro M. Marcello, Cicero certainly alludes to him some years after-
passin, Brid. 71. )
wards as then dead. (Phil. xiii. 14. )
Marcellus had been, as already observed, a friend 13. C. CLAUDIUS, M. f. M. n. MARCELLUS,
of Cicero's from his earliest youth ; their views on uncle of the two preceding, and father of the consul
political affairs had generally coincided, and they in B. c. 50. He is called by the Pseudo-Asconius
continued to act in concert until the breaking out (ad Verr. p. 206) great-grandson (pronepos) of the
of the civil war. Hence we cannot wonder at the conqueror of Syracuse (No. 4) ; but as has been
very high praises bestowed by the latter upon the pointed out by Wesseling and Drumann, this is
wisdom and prudence of Marcellus, of whom he impossible on chronological grounds, and he must
speaks on several occasions in terms which would have been a grandson of No. 8, and therefore
lead us to suppose him a perfect model of a philoso- abnepos of No. 4. He was praetor apparently in
phic statesman. Caelius, on the cortrary, calls B. C. 80, and afterwards succeeded M. Aemilius
him slow and inefficient ; but while his conduct in Lepidus in the government of Sicily. He found
his consulship was certainly not such as to give us that province in a state of great distress and con-
a high opinion of his political sagacity or prudence, fusion from the exactions and oppressions of his
it would rather seem to have deserved censure for predecessor ; but by the mildness and justice of
defects the very opposite of these. Or his merits his administration, he restored it to such a flourish-
as an orator, we are wholly incompetent to judge, ing state, that Cicero tells us he was looked upon
but they are said to have been of a high order, and by the Sicilians as the second saviour of their
inferior to few except Cicero himself. (Cic. Brut. country. Statues were erected to him in almost
71. All the passages in Cicero relating to M. Mar- every city of the island ; and the festival of the
cellus will be found collected or referred to by Orelli, Marcellea already instituted in honour of his pro-
Onomasticon Tullian. pp. 157, 158. See also Dru- genitor (see No. 4) was now renewed in his favour.
mann, Gesch. Roms, vol. ii. p. 393, &c. , and Passow Throughout the speeches against Verres, Cicero
in Zimmermann's Zeitschrift jür Alterthumswis- dwells frequently upon the administration of Mar-
scnschaft, 1835. )
cellus, as affording the most striking contrast to
12. C. CLAUDIUS, M. F. M. N. MARCELLUS, a that of the accused. By a singular accident, Mar-
brother of the preceding, of whom very little is cellus himself was present on that occasion, as one
known previous to his election in B. c. 50, to be con- of the judges of Verres. (Cic. Verr. ii. 3, 21, iji.
sul for the ensuing year (49), a distinction which he 16, 91, iv. 40, 42, &c. , Div. in Caecil. 4. ) He
obtained, it is said, in consequence of his declared held the office of augur, in which Cicero was one
enmity to Caesar. (Caes. B. G. viii. 50. ) He is of his colleagues, and is cited by him as one of
constantly confounded with his cousin, C. Mar- those who regarded the whole science of augury as
cellus (No. 14) who was consul in the year 50 with a merely political institution.
