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els 'rv'lv dyopdv, 'for the market-place,' here mentioned not
only as the place where terra-cotta toys, etc, were sold, but
also as the principal scene of the festal processions.
For the former cp. Lucian (quoted in last note), and sis r2111 dye/adv
Mania/aw (Menander); also Aeschiu. 1 ? 97 yvvaina. dne? wa. e? mu-rancvnv
e'pya'gso'flal. . . sis 'riqv dyopulv (Cobet VL. pp. 94 f). FOI' t e letter, 21 ? 171
inapxov bxsio'em. 81. 6. 'rfis zi'yopa-s fair; around-i: of: Suvafuevov, Xen.
Hipparchicus 3 ? 2 16. : ne? v 05v roan-ii; oinaau. iv Kai 'rois Gabi; KlXU-Pl'
int-evm-rzi-rag- Kai-10? ; Osaraiq (Ivar, 62, 30101! Zepd. Kai. dyaiAua-ru. Ev rfi dycpq:
150-11, 1a|71a dpfa'pevol. a'. 1ro 1'de 'Eppjw KiiKMy nepi. 'n'pl iyopdv Kai. 1'6.
is b. nepiehaiivoiev Til/. 611"; 1'01): Osofis, Eur. El. 388 i'yiihya'r' dyope? is,
enander (ap. Phot. s. v. ne'mrew) ampa'i. HavaOfii/al. ' c'1ru8i7 8U dyopig
are'prnwni we, | Mocrxiwv, inf-mp e? a'ipn. 1'1"; xe? pns' if dpuaros.
? 27 l. 231. e'xpfiv: like e? BEt, 1rpoo'fiKev, without it>>; followed
(as here) by Infin. , 18 ? 28, 51 ? 3 (Goodwin llIT. ? ? 415--9).
232. 'rafiuipxovs map' iipfiw, 'captains elected by yourselves,'
=|'1? ' ill/1&1! Kexezporovnae? vour 1. 238, 8 ? 24; Lycurg. 105 702'};
1ra. p' 13,1461! iryepovas, Xen. Hell. Vii 4, 9, and Anab. v 5, 19 To"
1rap' l'l/MTW c'tp/Loa'r'rfiv (i1). ? 20 1Q i'J/Lere? pq, dppoarfi).
'ii'lr'l'rmpxov, the reading of S alone, has been generally preferred to
imrdpxovs 0n the ground that, as these officers had to take rt in the
festal processions, only one of the two could be sent abroa (Sauppe).
But each of the 'hmapxm normally commanded the cavalry of five of the
tribes (Aristotle Coast. of Athens 61 ? 4). Thus the cavalry of Athens was
divided into two corps under two separate commanders, and in battle
one of the two corps would naturally be on each wing (cp. Martin Les
Cav. Ath. p. 381). During any important war, probably both the
commanders were abroad; in ordinary times, perhaps only one was
abroad at a time. It may be suspected that 'hnmpxov is due to the
mistaken supposition that one of the two was sent to Leinnos, whereas
this was really a third ofilcer. If imdpxnu: is accepted, it would prob-
ably require the Article: at plurali Dem. usus esset, articulum addidisset;
na'm, 12a. omnes, qui duo tantmn. eromt, H/ipparchos dizisset (Voemel).
233. dpxov-ras oixstovs, '(in short) ought not all your
officers to belong to yourselves ? ' llv' v : Ind. of that which
is not the fact; 28 ? 5 e? xpfiv Ketha-ai, 'lu fir, 22 ? 21, 24 ? 48,
Goodwin M T. ? 333, Pcher ii 37. alas dh'nefis: sometimes
supposed to be=oiifws (:8 av dknfliis, but this explanation
will not apply to (bi e? -re? pws (18 ? ? 85, 212). a"; is better
regarded as the Adv. of the Article, just as diaai'lrws is the
H
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? 98 FIRST PHILIPPIC' IV ? 27
Adv. of 6 afi-re? s. In fact all Adverbs in -ws may be ex-
plained as old forms of the Abl. ; thus the original form of the
Abl. of HIM" would be *Kahe? e, which by droppin 6 and
adding s became Kn. th (Giles Manual Comp. Et. ? 2 8). dis
M17061: would thus be the old Abl. of To dX-qfie? s used as an
Adv. Plato Lashes 1831) has e? v 1i) dMOslg d" M11069. (Cp.
Rehdantz Ind. s. v. dis, Schomann on Isaeus 7 ? 27, Kiihner
Gr. Gr. ii ? 555, 15, and Fox on Dem. Mcgalop. p. 166. )
234. "s Tokens: ? 19 l. 165. sis pe? v Afinvov--
nheiv, 'lizliile the commander of horse elected by yourselves
sails to Lemnos, yet' etc. The regular despatcli of a Y1r1rapxos
to Lemnos is also attested by llypereides pro Lycophrmw
001. 14 l'l/LeTs . . ,ue . . rpt'e? rov ? 25hapxov e? xetpo-rorfio'a're, e? '1rec'ra
els Afiavou Y1r1rapxov KT)\. (Cp. Martin 1. 0. p. 383. ) We
now know further that this Z'1r1rapxos was a special and local
officer, different from the two i'1r1rapxor at Athens itself,
Aristotle's Const. of Athens 61 ? 6 Xezporovofim 6% ml els
Afi/uov i'1r1rapxov, 5s e? 'lrzpleheT'raL T6511 Z1r1re? wv To? >> 6:4 Artur/qr.
Cp. 0111. ii 14 (378--6 13. 0. ) [l1r1rapx]oiiv-ros e? v Avian/(p.
This new evidence disposes of Grote's supposition that 129 Afinvov . .
nkeiv may here refer to some ' proverbial expression at Athens for getting
out of the way and evading the performance of duty ' (c. 34 iii 238).
235. re? v--K-mpdrmv: in Thrace, e. g. , the Chersonesus is
called 10:11 16101:! n x-rnaot-rwv of Athens (19 ? 78).
236. Mcve? kaov: obviously a foreigner, as is shown by the
contrast with 16v 1rap' bac'bv 1'1r1rapxov. Foreigners had be-
fore now been appointed a-rpa-nryoi at Athens. Apollodorus of
Oyzicns, Phanostratns of Andros, and Heracleides of Clazo-
menae are thus named by Plato Ion 5410B; but all of
these were elected by the pnople. It is clear that Menelaus
had been irregularly appointed, possibly by Charidemus, who
was himself originally a Eubocan, and had received the
Athenian franchise in 357. Menelans is almost certainly the
second of the two following persons :--
(1) A son of the Macedonian king, Amyntas II, and half-
brother of Philip. Philip attempted to put him to death on
his accession, and succeeded in his object after the capture of
Olynthus in 348 (Justin 7, 4; 8, 3; ASchaefer Dem. ii2 124,
153). Harpocr. db'shpbs <I>? M1r1rou (Baovrdrpws. This identifica-
tion was acceptedby Westermann, ASchaefer (ii2 17, 74),
and Weil, but there is no independent evidence on this point,
and it is improbable that a half-brother of Philip, however
estranged he might be from the king of Macedon, was in the
service of Athens.
(2) Mel/Mao: 6 Heha'yu'w, a subordinate chieftain of Pelagonia,
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? IV ? ? 27, 28 FIRST PHILIPPIO' 99
a district in Upper Macedonia. He aided Timotheus in the
capture of Potidaea in 364 13. 0. , and a complimentary decree
(discovered in 1860) was passed in 362 with the heading
[M]eve? )\aos HEM-yth edepye? rfiys], and with the statement
TL/deeos b ana-riryos (incl/miller. Meve? haov 'rdi/ Heha'ye? ua. Kai
ari'rbv crvv-lrohsaofiu-ra. Kai Xpr'lpara rape? xovra sis 161' mike/1. 011
Toll 1rpbs Xahmde? as Kai 1rpbs 'A,u? [1ro)\w (CIA. ii 55=Ditten-
berger Sylloge 80). He may afterwards have received the
Athenian citizenship, as he is possibly identical with Meve? haos
'Appafialov 'AO-mlaios, in whose honour the inhabitants of Ilium
passed a decree (discovered in 1872; Ditt. 81). The name
'Appdfiaios occurs as that of a chief of the Lyncestae (Strabo
326), 831d it was among the Lyncestae that Pelagonia was
situate .
(2) is the identification preferred by Blass (note to p. 11 of his
ed. of Rehdantz Dem. ) and supported by Dittenberger Sutume Philologae
H. Sauppio ublatae pp. 43 f). Bo'hnecke Dem, Lycm'g'us, Hyperidea
pp. 207-35, writing in 1864, before the discovery of the second in-
scription, identities Menelaus (1) and (2). Curiously enough, (1) had a
brother Arrhidaens (Justin 7, 4), while (2) was probably a son of Ar-
rhabaeus. It was probably to distinguish (2) from (1) that 6 IlsAa-ye? v
was added. In either case M. was a Macedonian by birth, and the orator
is scandalised at his commanding the cavalry engaged in fighting for
the possessions of Athens.
237. pep-Maw": with Acc. 1n 3 ? 36 06x2 pe? a? oaat 1'61!
K'fh. , with Dat. 1n 20 ? 104, 21 ? 190.
238. Kexelpo'rovqpe? vov: Ab Atheniensibus non poterat Xezpo-
roveiafiat m'st' easel Athenicnsi's (GHSchaefer).
239. {So-n; dv fi: Aeschin. 1 ? 127 (Goodwin 1111'. ? 537, 2).
? 28 l. 241. 'ro 76w xpnpdrmv, 'as to the question of money,'
? 32 To To? >> rvev/Ld'rwv.
242. 'roi'n-o Sfi KT)>>, '1 am going through that im-
mediately. ' Kaf : 'as you wish to hear it' (Rehdantz).
nepafvm: ewscq'uor, continua tcnorc persequor; 'set
forth. ' Plato Gory. 5060 he? 'ys, (T: "yade? , 01616: mi 1re? paws,
Dem. 19 ? 245 lea/362a . . 6'1re? pawev ('recited'), Aristoph.
Ranae 1168, Flat. 563, 648, E00]. 579.
243. Xpfipa-ra 'rofvw, 'as to money, then'; Nom. Abs.
forming a heading to the following details. The estimate
relates to the proposed permanent force, and not to the 50
triremes which are to be ready at a moment's notice for
emergencies (Grote viii 63). pe? v corresponds to M in
? 29 l. 251. 'rpodrfi in itself is a general term, com-
prising aimpe? o'wv and ,ma'06s. Here it is narrowed down to
011-. p. 6vov, 'mere rations. ' For 1. 14096: the soldiers are to
trust to plunder.
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? 100 FIRST PHILIPPIC' IV ? ? 28, 29
244. e? vevfixov-m: the exact sum is 92.
245. "pos: Adverbial, 22 ? 60 6Pax/Lds s'fl6on1ixov-ra Kal
mpr1! "n 1rp69, 20 ? 112, 22 ? 75, 27 ? ? 32, 38, 59, 67, 68.
86m. ptv wasn't K-rh. : Dem. gives a minimum estimate
of annual expenditure. (a) 201m a mouth for ten ships:
2400m a year=40 talents. (b) 2 obols a day for each foot-
soldier (=10d1' a month=120'1r a year) amounts, for 2000
soldiers, to 240,000 dl"=4=0 talents. (c) 1dr a day for each
horseman (=30d1' a monthz360d' a year) amounts, for 200
horsemen, to 72,000dr or 12 talents. Total 92. The total
rations for the crews of the ten ships are the same as for the
2000 soldiers, and the crew of each ship is assumed to be
200. On the pay of the Athenian army and navy see Boeckh
Publ. Econ. bk. ii 0. 22.
247. drpa'rta'rrats : ? 21. Too-056' Preps. : 'rooofi-rov Z-'repov
'oel e? 'repov Toaofirou non minus ambigue dicilur quam alterum
tantum, ul aul tantumdem signified, ul hoc loco, 21 ? 182,
27 ? 31, Aeschin. 3 ? 98, 2 ? 174, Liv. i 36 coma, aul idem sit
quad 61: Too'oii'rov, ut Isocr. 4 ? 153 e? 're? pou 'rooofiTov xpe? vou, Li".
X 46 czlr. (Franke).
? 29 l. 252. Moppfiv, not 'inducemeut' (L 8: S), but 'pro-
vision' ; predicate to a-vnlpe? nov (,ue? vov) inrdppw. Cp. 1 ? 23.
254. ]roi-r(o) (so. a'rr-npe? mov inrdpxew) dv ye? vq-rm. In con-
ditional sentences the conjunction is often placed afler the
emphatic word, and close to the verb, as in ? 43, 3 ? 15, 5
? 16, 9 ? 44, 20 ? ? 22, 34, 43, 46, 79, 119, 133 ; 23 ? 42, 94.
rpowwopteiral, 'will provide, or procure, for itself' (by
ravaging the country). Thuc. i 11 fihmfov aim-60w roheuofivra.
fiwmisw. The Act. 1rpoa1ropiei is less natural, but is supported
by 1roplo'wo'w in 2 ? 16.
Boeckh observes :--' This proposal is worthy of remark, as having no
parallel in any Grecian author; it is the outline of a plan for embodying
a military force to maintain itself at free quarters, and at the same time
to form a permanent standing army; though its continuance was indeed
limited to the duration of war ' (Publ. Econ. ii 0. 22 p. 283 Lewis 2).
257. p-w'Obv e? v're). , 'full pay,' as contrasted with mere
rations. Cp. ? 33 an Aristoph. Eq. 1367 for ,uLaflby amass. . .