Geography and
political
divisions.
Outlines and Refernces for European History
Melbourne.
Lord Russell.
Aberdeen: Palmerston.
Palmerston: Russell.
Gladstone.
Gladstone.
Gladstone.
Gladstone: Roseberry.
A. PARLIAMENTARY REFORM.
I. Introductory.
1. Composition of the Commons before 1832.
a. Towns rotton and pocket boroughs (origin); varieties
of borough franchise; large towns unrepresented.
b. The narrow county franchise 40 shilling freeholders.
c. Voting time, place, manner (bribery and violence).
Result Corrupt rule of a small landed oligarchy.
Need of a sweeping.
1) Re-apportionment.
2) Extension of franchise.
3) Change in electoral machinery.
2. Preliminary efforts at reform.
a. 1766-1815.
b. 1815-1830 (including repeal of test and corporation
act, and Catholic emancipation).
II. The Reform Bill of 1832.
1. The ministry.
2. The struggle. (Theory of a conspiracy for revolution
The Eleven Days Fortnightly, Dec. , 1892). The lesson
for the Lords and the King.
3. Provisions.
a. Re-apportionment.
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? 1) Boroughs.
2) Counties.
b. Extension of franchise.
1) Boroughs.
2) Counties.
c. Voting.
Result Power transferred to the middle classes.
III. Second Reform Bill 1867. (Cox. )
1. Attempts of radicals and chartists between the two bills
2. Conditions in the sixties.
3. The fall of the liberals the attitude of the conservatives.
4. Provisions of the bill. (Minority representation. )
Political power extended to the Artisans in the Towns.
IV. Third Reform Bill 1884-5.
1. Enfranchisement of the agricultural laborers.
Power in the hands of the masses England a Demo-
cracy.
2. Re-apportionmentsingle electoral districts, etc.
V. Subsidiary.
1. Contested elections 1868.
2. Civil service reform 1855-1870.
3. Ballot Act 1872.
4. Corrupt Practices Prevention Act 1883.
(Century, May, 1893. )
5. Educational acts 1870-91.
B. MORAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL.
I. 1832-4.
1. Slavery.
2. Poor Laws.
3. Irish Tithes.
4. Factory legislation (carry on to later date. )
5. Penal code.
. 1846-52.
Corn Laws Free Trade.
III. Later reforms in taxation; further factor}' reforms; legal
status of women, etc.
IV. 1868-74. Mr. Gladstone's Reform Administration.
Irish Church.
Education.
Trade unions (repeal of "conspiracy" laws. )
Administration of the laws still aristocratic hence.
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? C. LOCAL GOVERNMENT REFORM.
Old administrative divisions
1. Municipal Reform Act, 1835. London, through the cen-
tury; present government (Contemp. Jan. 1895; The Lon-
don gilds.
2. County Government, 1888.
3. Parish Councils Bill, 1894.
(Attention of late drawn from internal reform to the Irish
question see next syllabus. )
D. THE PROGRAM.
The Liberals "New Castle Program" and performance (see
Porrittin Yale Rev. , Feb. , '94, and Nov. , '95).
The New Independent Labor Party (KeirHardie in Nineteenth
Century, Jan. , '95; Porritt in Annals Amer. Acad. , Jan. ,
'95, and in Yale Rev. , Feb. , '96.
I. Minor.
1. Registration.
2. One man one vote, etc.
II. Central Questions
The Lords (Edinburgh Review, Jan. , 1895).
The Church.
Taxation ground rents, et.
Labor. Accident Insurance Old Age Pensions, etc.
1. Agricultural peasant proprietorship.
2. Artisans.
Employer's liability.
Eight-hour day.
Factory regulations.
E. TRADE UNIONISM OLD AND NEW.
Dock strike, 1889, and the coal strike of 1893.
F. SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY IN ENGLAND.
Q. ENGLAND AS A "LAND-GRABBER. " International morality in
English public life Canning, Palmerston, Gladstone (see
"The Palmerston Ideal" in Century, Feb. , '96.
a. The "Little Englanders. "
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XVII. ENGLAND AND IRELAND.
A. To ENGLISH INVASION.
1. 4 Early Christian civilization.
2. Danish invasions and partial conquest.
Geography and political divisions.
B. CONQUEST MOTIVES AND OCCASION.
[Slave Trade, Territory, Crusade blessed by Pope Adrian (an
Englishman), and Dermod's appeal to Henry. ] Character
of the conquest. Interrupted by the troubles of Henry's late
years. Ireland's misfortune to be again only half conquered.
C. HENRY TO ELIZABETH 1169-1600.
1. Organization.
a. The Pale ("Irish" parliament); 30 or 40 great Norman
chiefs ; English retainers ; Irish peasantry.
b. Rest of the island 60 or 70 native chiefs.
2. History.
a. Internal feuds between the Pale and the natives, and
between factions of factions.
b. With reference to England Little English influence
until Henry VII, that little being directed to keeping
up distinction between Englishry and Irish. Offer of
money to Edward I for privilege of English law.
Statute of Kilkenny against use of Irish language or
law, intermarriage, fostering, etc.
c. More vigorous efforts to Anglicize the island by the
Tudor Henries. Henry VII, Statute of Drogheda,
1495 ; Henry VIII king of Ireland.
D. ENGLISH POLICY OF CONFISCATION AND COLONIZATION ELIZ-
ABETH TC WILLIAM III.
1. To the Rebellion.
a. Exterminating character of wars of Elizabeth. Coloni-
zation of English agriculturists.
b. James I. Plantation of Ulster. (Dishonesty of English
agents. )
c. Traffic in finding flaws in land titles; the infamous con-
fiscation of Connaught.
d. The English law of real property supersedes the Irish
clan tenure, and the clansmen become tenants-at-will.
e. Harsh Puritan legislation against toleration of Cath-
olicism.
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2. The Rebellion of 1641.
a. The massacre (? ) in Ulster; 300,000, 30,000, 8000.
b. The action of the government in driving the gentry
into rebellion (? )
c. Complicated by connection with the English civil -war.
d. Cromwell in Ireland.
3. The settlement of Cromwell.
(Over one-third the population wasted away; slave dealers,
etc. )
Confiscation of all land; compensation for "innocent Papists"
in Connaught (a second Wales) ; removal of the landowners
and better tenant class thither; only a small tenantry and
the laborers left in the other three pi'ovinces; English regi-
ments quartered upon the land as settlers; the Undertakers.
4. The Restoration and the Caroline settlements: some 600
Irish gentlemen restored to their estates as "Innocent
Papists" before the process was stopped, and the 3,000
other claims outlawed; the Cromwellian settlement not
seriously affected.
5. The Revolution of 1688-89.
a. James II in Ireland; the Irish parliament of 1689 (the
only national Irish parliament ever assembled in the is-
land. )
1) Religious toleration (disendowment of English
Church. )
2) Restoration of Irish landowners of 1641. (No
compensation for English intruders, except for
bona fide purchasers.
3) Bill of attainder against absent landlords.
b. The Boyne and the siege of Limerick.
c. The "City of the Broken Treaty" the settlement of
William ; ruin of the old race completed ; Cromwellian
sentiment intensified ; nine-tenths of the soil in English
hands; emigration of half a million in next half century
to the Catholic countries of the continent ; the "Irish
Brigade" at Fontenoy.
E. FROM 1692 TO THE CONSTITUTION OF 1782. ENGLISH SU-
PREMACY.
1. Numbness of national life; characteristics of the period to
the middle of the eighteenth century.
a. Religious penal legislation. (The English Church. )
b. Repressive industrial legislation.
c. Absentee landlordism.
d. The "Irish" parliament.
2. The awakening of the "national" spirit.
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a. Agrarian outrages (Irish).
b. Political "opposition" in the English Irish parliament.
1) Motives, etc.
3. The American War and the opportunity of Ireland.
a. The party of G rattan.
b. Old claims of legislative independence.
c. Revival and prosecution.
d. Stages of victory ; work of the volunteers ; commercial
disabilities repealed (changed conditions); religious
disabilities lightened.
4. The Constitution of 1782-1800. Legislative independence.
a. Progress.
b. Drawbacks.
1) Economic.
2) Political influence of the Castle; the demand for
parliamentary reform, and for Catholic emancipa-
tion.
c. The French Revolution and the Rebellion of 1798 (Uni-
ted Irishmen. )
d. The Union (Pitt).
F. UNDER THE UNION 1801.
1. To the beginning of agitation for repeal.
a. Emmet's Rebellion, 1803.
b. Catholic emancipation, 1829.
c. The Tithe War. Epoch of Reform, ch. 8.
2. The early repeal movement.
Agitation for repeal of the Union, 1843.
O'Connell and Young Ireland.
3. The famine.
Emigration.
4. Penianism.
5. England undertakes to rule Ireland for the Irish.
a. Disestablishment.
b. The land question.
1) 1860. Re-actionary movement contract vs. cus-
tom.
2) 1870. Extended Ulster tenant right.
3) 1881. The "Three F's. "
6. The Home Rule party, 1870 . Leaders, in order.
a. The land league, 1879.
b. Co-ercion Act of 1881, and subsequent repressive acts.
1) The plan of campaign (Michael Davitt).
2) The Phoenix Park murders, 1882.
(Crimes Acts of 1882 and 1887. )
The closure 1887.
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Contributions from America,
c. Land Act of 1885.
7. Alliance between Gladstone and Parnell.
a. Home Rule Bill, 1886; 341 to 311. (The Land Pur-
chase Bill of same year. )
Split of Liberals, and the leaders.
b. The appeal to the country, 1886 ; Home Rule defeat.
c. The Conservative ministry and Ireland, 1886-92.
1) Balfour's Coercion Act and the proceedings under
it.
2) The Land Act of 1890.
3) The By-elections.
d.
