of
duration
of time as in 8 ?
Demosthenese - First Philippic and the Olynthiacs
1883 pp.
15 f).
18. nptv--inroQe? o'Oau 2 ? 10, 'before we lay the foundation
aright'; Eur. HF. 126 671111 6% Kpmris ,u-h Kamfiknflfi 'ye? vous |
opadis.
20. 10m: :2 the crowning consummation of revenge on
Philip. ovnvofiv wouie'ht Xhov, ' to say a single word ' ;
101. 5001" X67011 20 ? 58, 99; 29 ? 13, 33 ? 26 (of litigation),
54 ? ? 6, 7 ('to take account of'). Here=)\e? 'yew (mofiv. 'Any
verb in Greek may be resolved into the cognate substantive
with WOIGTO'QGL' (Shilleto on FL. ? 104 p. 370), cp. Cobet NL.
257, and Index to Merchant's Thuc. ii.
? 31. 21. Second Prooemium. 6 plv 05v "Pl-ill! ate-1. 96s: 1 ? 2.
(Imp (ns) 'n'o're? =el'1rep 'rzs dhhos : 1 ? 6 el'1rep 1ro1'e? Kai vfiv.
22. throw-080s Kai. Bovhfis: for the collocation of synonyms
cp. 4 ? 3.
24. ixi'iv(o) darepe? i: 2 ? 24 e? xefvo 0avpdfw.
26. <Ka1> wapbv no. 1 e? koe? mv, ' whether as an eye-witness '
(of contemporary events) 'or by hearsay' (of the events of the
past). The order of time is best represented by an inver-
sion :---' both by hearsay and experience ' (K. )
27. m'wonSc, 'I have learnt (like others)': absol. as in
20 ? 13; contrasted with dim) in Thuc. i 73, 2. 763v
wpaypd-rwv, 'our interests,' 5 ? 2. e? mredmwe? vua: metaphor
from the chase, as in 5 ? 27, 14 ? 15, 18 ? 33.
28. fl; pa) Bofihwflcu. x-rk. : 15 ? 1, 23 ? 145, Cic. de San.
64 Athenienscs scire quae recta assent, sulface'rc nolle.
29. Ford. wappqu'fias: see note on 4 ? 51 l. 462 1re'lrapp17-
alaawaz. '
30. 1rou5|uu foils hdyovs: l. 20.
31. 8L6. 706(1'0) : sc. Ae? 'yw rather than brone? vew. that with Ace.
denotes not only the cause or motive ('owing to '), but also
the emi (either the mscqueme or, as here, the purpose).
Shilleto on FL. ? 291 p. 423. two. . . ye? vq-rut: note on
2 ? 24 l. 221. '
32. apart--mpdwa: Prooem. 1 ? 3 opfin yelp (is 6'1: 16v
rocoe? rwv e? Mr-wwv ml Mywv els miv wpoekfikuee oxenpfils 'rfi
mpdv-ru. ? K 'rofi 1rpbs X6. va 81||nwop? iv ( oodwin 111 T.
p. 197 ? 800): cp. ? 22, 4 ? 38 (=Pr00em. 1 ? 3), Present.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 188 THIRD OLYNTHIAO III ? ? 3, 4
12 ? 1, Aeschin. 3 ? 127 nihnae? s e? pd. " To 721;) del 1rpos
i150th Xc'ye? aevov ofrrwai Till! . . we? hw diarre? flemev K'rh.
33. eis 'miv wpoehfihvfiev K-rh. : see note on 4 ? 47 sis 1050'
7'jK6L 'rd. 1rpo'. 'y,u. ar' alaxe? v'qs, and cp. 6 ? 2 El; 1001' 11617 1rpo-
n'ype? va TU'YXdJ/EL mirror. 'rd. rpd'yaa'm, 9 ? 2 cl: 'roii'ro 1d 1rpii'y,u. u. -r'
ci? TKma In such phrases the subject is more frequently a
person, as in 22 ? 16; cp. Thuc. vii 55 61/ irawrl 6i] dOu/tlas
flow".
34. 1'6. wape? v-ra: somewhat peculiarly combined with upo-
Afihveev. The sense is well brought out by Heslopz--'our
affairs have gone from bad to worse, till now they are in an
utterly wretched condition. '
? 4 l. 35. pucpe? . (= dhl'ya, as in ? 14 and 5 ? 4): sometimes
taken adverbially (leaving 76v yeysv'qpe? vwv to serve as Gen.
after uroavfio'ai), but better coupled with fliw yeyevqpe? vuv,
cp. 5 ? 4.
36. imopvi'lo'al. governs two accusatives in 24 ? 15 dva'yki]
fie' 1rp431'ov brow/float 1'01); xpe? vour Dads, op. 18 ? 17. |I~? ~
Wile-9(a) . ~. K'r(e): imministis cum.
38. 'rpt-rov i) 're? 'rap'rov gros 'rovrf : 21 ? 13 'rpirov e? -ros Tom-i,
54 ? 3 has Tom-i Tpl-rov. Ace.
of duration of time as in 8 ? 2
e? vde? KaTov ,ufiva rou-rovl, and Aeschin. 3 ? 77 e? flde? pxnv fiae? pav.
The sense is not 'three or four years ago,' but 'in the third
or fourth year since,' whereby a shorter interval of time is
indicated.
'Third or fourth year' is not intended to be a vague date; on the
contrary it is particularly precise. The present speech must have
been delivered efore Nov. 849 (01. 107, 4). At that time less than
three years had elapsed since the capture of 'Hpaiov "7x0; in Nov.
352 (01. 107, 1); hence the phrase 'rpC-rov 'e? 'rog Too-rt. Again,
since that event, the fourth of the four civil years, 01. 107, 1,
2, 3, 4, had begun, i. e. the year designated by the fourth of the
four archons, Aristodemus, Theellus, Apollodorus, and Callimaehus;
hence the addition of the words i lre'-'r-z:|. 1. vri;w (Westermann and
Weil). Similarly, in Oct. 1896 we might say of an event of Nov. 1893
that it was now 'the third (civil) year' since it happened; at the same
time it would be equally true that four Academical years had begun,
and Oct. 1896 would be in 'the fourth (Academical) year' from the
event in question.
'Hpaiov reixos: a Thracian fortress captured by Philip in
352 13. 0. (01. 107, 1) during the expedition mentioned in 1
? 13 q'ixe'r' els quiknv. It is usually identified with 'Hpa'iov,
described by Herod. iv 90 as a no)": near Perinthus on the
Propontis (or Sea. of Marmara). As Perinthus was a colony
of Samos, the neighbouring 'Hpaiov apparently owed its name
to the Samians, whose tutelary deity was Hera.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? III ? 4, 5 THIRD OLYNTHIAC 189
"Hpaiov reixos is not quite the same as 'Hpa'iev, nor was the latter
place near to the Chersonese: nor would Philip be yet in a condition to
provoke or menace so powerful a city as Perinthus--though he did so ten
years afterwards (Diodor. xvi 74). I cannot think that we know where
'Hpuiov feixo: was situated, except that it was in Thrace, and near the
Chersonese (Grote c 87 viii 58).
39. 'rrohmpmiv after dmyye? heq: Xen. Hell. vii 5, 10 e? e? fi'y-
761M rpoazbv Ta G'TpdTEU/LO. (Goodwin MT. ? 904).
40. paipux'rqpne? v: Nov. 352 B. C. nohhe? 'w--iipiv; the
Ionic rhythm of this passage is noticed by Longinus Frag.
3, 4 (Proleg. to Hephaestion). Gopuflou: Aeschin. 2 ? 72
whelovs 5% e? KKhna'ias . . fiva-yKdfi'wOe e'KKhmndfi'ew p. 573: (#6501!
Kai flopfifiou (c. 353 13. 0. ), Plato Rep. 4921351311 rohhq'i 001:1? qu
(of e? KKMcrla' etc. )
41. ytyvope? vov: Impf. Part. , agreeing with the nearer noun
in boys! ! ! Kai dope? fiou, as in 19 ? 42 Mwa Kai hoidoplar
76V0/Le? llfls', and ib. 75.
42. 'l'ptfipil-S 001. 90an Mk: I'roocm. 21 ? 2 ybmpiefafle
. . Kafie? hch 'rpufipeis, e? /LIBG'V6LV, ela? e? pew, 8? 74 of!
Kaae? hEe're 'rds 111117;; [17] ? 20, [50] ? ? 4, 6 ; [51] ? 4. rolls
P'XPI- we? vre Kat Tmapdxovf' e? re? iv: as the age for liability
to military service abroad extended over 40 years, from
the age of 20 to that of 60 (the years from 18 to 20 being
spent in militar service in Attica), the text implies that
the men enrolle in 25 out of the 40 'years' were called out.
This proportion is extraordinarily large, especially as only 40
triremes are mentioned. In the Phocian war Athens decreed
'YOl'lS ,ue? XpL 'rpidurovr' {1'11 7670116111. ; 69319011, and the number
of triremes was 50 (Aescliin. 2 ? 133). It is therefore suspected
that in the text Terrdpaxowa has been repeated by mistake
from the previous clause, and that some smaller number such
as 'rpidxowa is intended (Westermann).
43. m'rroirs e? pfiulvew: a resolution not necessarily due to any
eagerness for personal service (such as Demosthenes afterwards
urged in Phil. i and 01. i), but probably arising from there
being no time to secure the services of others to man the
ships.
? 5 l. 44. here. mii'ru. KTXJ Aeschin. 3 ? 62 ,ucrcl. Tafim e? rfia
xpivos Gemo'TOKhfis dpxwr 611110011. KT)\.
45. 1'06 {mom-oi) 'rox'a-rou: 01. 107, 1 (a year with an inter-
calary month) beginning on 3rd July 352 B. C. and ending on
21st July 351 13. 0. (Ideler quoted by Voemel ed. 1829 p. 114).
e? xnropflmdw, perayn'rvw'w, Bqupopw'w (so. fio'av): the
first three months of the Attic year, extending in 351 8. 0.
from 22nd July to 18th Oct.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 190 THIRD 0L YNTHIAG III ? 5
46. pdyts, 'reluctantly' ; we may assume a pause in delivery
before this word, as also before Se? xo. vai's, 'only 10 vessels'
instead of 40. 'rd pvflfipua: the Eleusinian mysteries,
celebrated between the 14th, 15th, or 16th, and the 27th day
of the month Bo'e? dromion (Oct) Thus the Athenians waited
nearly a year before sending succours, and even those they
ultimately sent were miserably inadequate.
47. vaiis . . Kiwis: explained in one Ms by wohmm'is
,Bo'qfieias: 4 ? 43 TpLfiPGlS Kemis, Thuc. vi 31. The emphasis
falls on Se? xu. and stds and 1re? v're (instead of 60). Grote c. 87
viii 59.
4S. XapCS |. |. ov: Charidemus of 'npee? g, in N. of Euboea, was origin-
ally a comman er of mercenaries who served under Iphicrates in the
expedition against Amphipolis in 368-5 no. He was entrusted with the
care of certain hostages, but, instead of sending them to Athens, he
restored them to Amphipolis. He thereupon took service under Cotys
(chief of the Thracian tribe of Odrysae), who was at that time at enmity
with Athens. In 360 3. 0. , after engaging to join the Olynthians in defend-
ing Amphipolis against Timotheus, he was captured by the Athenians and
compelled to aid them against Olynthus. On the failure of these operations
on the part of Timotheus, he served in Asia Minor in the cause of Arts-
bazus, to whom he proved false. He next appealed to Athens, promising
to aid her in recovering the Chersonesus; but, on returning to Europe, he
broke this promise and entered the service of Cotys, whose daughter he
married. On the murder of Cotys (358) he supported his son Cersobleptes
in his struggle with Athens for the possession of the Chersonesus.
Ultimately he was forced to ratify a treaty ceding the Chersonesus to
Athens, and for this service he was actually presented with the Athenian
citizenship (857). In 352, notwithstanding the protest delivered bya client
of Demosthenes in the Speech against Aristocratcs, his person was declared
inviolable, and in 851 he was sent on the abortive expedition described
in the text. On the recall of Chares in 349 he was appointed by the
Athenians as commander in the war for the defence of Olynthus. He
joined the Olynthians in ravaging Pellene and Bottiaea (then in the hands
of Philip), but gave such ofl'ence by his insolence at Olynthus that he was
superseded by Chares. His earlier adventures are described in the Speech
again-st Aristocrat". After the battle of Chaeroneia (338) he was elected a
u-rpa-rqye? ; of Athens.
18. nptv--inroQe? o'Oau 2 ? 10, 'before we lay the foundation
aright'; Eur. HF. 126 671111 6% Kpmris ,u-h Kamfiknflfi 'ye? vous |
opadis.
20. 10m: :2 the crowning consummation of revenge on
Philip. ovnvofiv wouie'ht Xhov, ' to say a single word ' ;
101. 5001" X67011 20 ? 58, 99; 29 ? 13, 33 ? 26 (of litigation),
54 ? ? 6, 7 ('to take account of'). Here=)\e? 'yew (mofiv. 'Any
verb in Greek may be resolved into the cognate substantive
with WOIGTO'QGL' (Shilleto on FL. ? 104 p. 370), cp. Cobet NL.
257, and Index to Merchant's Thuc. ii.
? 31. 21. Second Prooemium. 6 plv 05v "Pl-ill! ate-1. 96s: 1 ? 2.
(Imp (ns) 'n'o're? =el'1rep 'rzs dhhos : 1 ? 6 el'1rep 1ro1'e? Kai vfiv.
22. throw-080s Kai. Bovhfis: for the collocation of synonyms
cp. 4 ? 3.
24. ixi'iv(o) darepe? i: 2 ? 24 e? xefvo 0avpdfw.
26. <Ka1> wapbv no. 1 e? koe? mv, ' whether as an eye-witness '
(of contemporary events) 'or by hearsay' (of the events of the
past). The order of time is best represented by an inver-
sion :---' both by hearsay and experience ' (K. )
27. m'wonSc, 'I have learnt (like others)': absol. as in
20 ? 13; contrasted with dim) in Thuc. i 73, 2. 763v
wpaypd-rwv, 'our interests,' 5 ? 2. e? mredmwe? vua: metaphor
from the chase, as in 5 ? 27, 14 ? 15, 18 ? 33.
28. fl; pa) Bofihwflcu. x-rk. : 15 ? 1, 23 ? 145, Cic. de San.
64 Athenienscs scire quae recta assent, sulface'rc nolle.
29. Ford. wappqu'fias: see note on 4 ? 51 l. 462 1re'lrapp17-
alaawaz. '
30. 1rou5|uu foils hdyovs: l. 20.
31. 8L6. 706(1'0) : sc. Ae? 'yw rather than brone? vew. that with Ace.
denotes not only the cause or motive ('owing to '), but also
the emi (either the mscqueme or, as here, the purpose).
Shilleto on FL. ? 291 p. 423. two. . . ye? vq-rut: note on
2 ? 24 l. 221. '
32. apart--mpdwa: Prooem. 1 ? 3 opfin yelp (is 6'1: 16v
rocoe? rwv e? Mr-wwv ml Mywv els miv wpoekfikuee oxenpfils 'rfi
mpdv-ru. ? K 'rofi 1rpbs X6. va 81||nwop? iv ( oodwin 111 T.
p. 197 ? 800): cp. ? 22, 4 ? 38 (=Pr00em. 1 ? 3), Present.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 188 THIRD OLYNTHIAO III ? ? 3, 4
12 ? 1, Aeschin. 3 ? 127 nihnae? s e? pd. " To 721;) del 1rpos
i150th Xc'ye? aevov ofrrwai Till! . . we? hw diarre? flemev K'rh.
33. eis 'miv wpoehfihvfiev K-rh. : see note on 4 ? 47 sis 1050'
7'jK6L 'rd. 1rpo'. 'y,u. ar' alaxe? v'qs, and cp. 6 ? 2 El; 1001' 11617 1rpo-
n'ype? va TU'YXdJ/EL mirror. 'rd. rpd'yaa'm, 9 ? 2 cl: 'roii'ro 1d 1rpii'y,u. u. -r'
ci? TKma In such phrases the subject is more frequently a
person, as in 22 ? 16; cp. Thuc. vii 55 61/ irawrl 6i] dOu/tlas
flow".
34. 1'6. wape? v-ra: somewhat peculiarly combined with upo-
Afihveev. The sense is well brought out by Heslopz--'our
affairs have gone from bad to worse, till now they are in an
utterly wretched condition. '
? 4 l. 35. pucpe? . (= dhl'ya, as in ? 14 and 5 ? 4): sometimes
taken adverbially (leaving 76v yeysv'qpe? vwv to serve as Gen.
after uroavfio'ai), but better coupled with fliw yeyevqpe? vuv,
cp. 5 ? 4.
36. imopvi'lo'al. governs two accusatives in 24 ? 15 dva'yki]
fie' 1rp431'ov brow/float 1'01); xpe? vour Dads, op. 18 ? 17. |I~? ~
Wile-9(a) . ~. K'r(e): imministis cum.
38. 'rpt-rov i) 're? 'rap'rov gros 'rovrf : 21 ? 13 'rpirov e? -ros Tom-i,
54 ? 3 has Tom-i Tpl-rov. Ace.
of duration of time as in 8 ? 2
e? vde? KaTov ,ufiva rou-rovl, and Aeschin. 3 ? 77 e? flde? pxnv fiae? pav.
The sense is not 'three or four years ago,' but 'in the third
or fourth year since,' whereby a shorter interval of time is
indicated.
'Third or fourth year' is not intended to be a vague date; on the
contrary it is particularly precise. The present speech must have
been delivered efore Nov. 849 (01. 107, 4). At that time less than
three years had elapsed since the capture of 'Hpaiov "7x0; in Nov.
352 (01. 107, 1); hence the phrase 'rpC-rov 'e? 'rog Too-rt. Again,
since that event, the fourth of the four civil years, 01. 107, 1,
2, 3, 4, had begun, i. e. the year designated by the fourth of the
four archons, Aristodemus, Theellus, Apollodorus, and Callimaehus;
hence the addition of the words i lre'-'r-z:|. 1. vri;w (Westermann and
Weil). Similarly, in Oct. 1896 we might say of an event of Nov. 1893
that it was now 'the third (civil) year' since it happened; at the same
time it would be equally true that four Academical years had begun,
and Oct. 1896 would be in 'the fourth (Academical) year' from the
event in question.
'Hpaiov reixos: a Thracian fortress captured by Philip in
352 13. 0. (01. 107, 1) during the expedition mentioned in 1
? 13 q'ixe'r' els quiknv. It is usually identified with 'Hpa'iov,
described by Herod. iv 90 as a no)": near Perinthus on the
Propontis (or Sea. of Marmara). As Perinthus was a colony
of Samos, the neighbouring 'Hpaiov apparently owed its name
to the Samians, whose tutelary deity was Hera.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? III ? 4, 5 THIRD OLYNTHIAC 189
"Hpaiov reixos is not quite the same as 'Hpa'iev, nor was the latter
place near to the Chersonese: nor would Philip be yet in a condition to
provoke or menace so powerful a city as Perinthus--though he did so ten
years afterwards (Diodor. xvi 74). I cannot think that we know where
'Hpuiov feixo: was situated, except that it was in Thrace, and near the
Chersonese (Grote c 87 viii 58).
39. 'rrohmpmiv after dmyye? heq: Xen. Hell. vii 5, 10 e? e? fi'y-
761M rpoazbv Ta G'TpdTEU/LO. (Goodwin MT. ? 904).
40. paipux'rqpne? v: Nov. 352 B. C. nohhe? 'w--iipiv; the
Ionic rhythm of this passage is noticed by Longinus Frag.
3, 4 (Proleg. to Hephaestion). Gopuflou: Aeschin. 2 ? 72
whelovs 5% e? KKhna'ias . . fiva-yKdfi'wOe e'KKhmndfi'ew p. 573: (#6501!
Kai flopfifiou (c. 353 13. 0. ), Plato Rep. 4921351311 rohhq'i 001:1? qu
(of e? KKMcrla' etc. )
41. ytyvope? vov: Impf. Part. , agreeing with the nearer noun
in boys! ! ! Kai dope? fiou, as in 19 ? 42 Mwa Kai hoidoplar
76V0/Le? llfls', and ib. 75.
42. 'l'ptfipil-S 001. 90an Mk: I'roocm. 21 ? 2 ybmpiefafle
. . Kafie? hch 'rpufipeis, e? /LIBG'V6LV, ela? e? pew, 8? 74 of!
Kaae? hEe're 'rds 111117;; [17] ? 20, [50] ? ? 4, 6 ; [51] ? 4. rolls
P'XPI- we? vre Kat Tmapdxovf' e? re? iv: as the age for liability
to military service abroad extended over 40 years, from
the age of 20 to that of 60 (the years from 18 to 20 being
spent in militar service in Attica), the text implies that
the men enrolle in 25 out of the 40 'years' were called out.
This proportion is extraordinarily large, especially as only 40
triremes are mentioned. In the Phocian war Athens decreed
'YOl'lS ,ue? XpL 'rpidurovr' {1'11 7670116111. ; 69319011, and the number
of triremes was 50 (Aescliin. 2 ? 133). It is therefore suspected
that in the text Terrdpaxowa has been repeated by mistake
from the previous clause, and that some smaller number such
as 'rpidxowa is intended (Westermann).
43. m'rroirs e? pfiulvew: a resolution not necessarily due to any
eagerness for personal service (such as Demosthenes afterwards
urged in Phil. i and 01. i), but probably arising from there
being no time to secure the services of others to man the
ships.
? 5 l. 44. here. mii'ru. KTXJ Aeschin. 3 ? 62 ,ucrcl. Tafim e? rfia
xpivos Gemo'TOKhfis dpxwr 611110011. KT)\.
45. 1'06 {mom-oi) 'rox'a-rou: 01. 107, 1 (a year with an inter-
calary month) beginning on 3rd July 352 B. C. and ending on
21st July 351 13. 0. (Ideler quoted by Voemel ed. 1829 p. 114).
e? xnropflmdw, perayn'rvw'w, Bqupopw'w (so. fio'av): the
first three months of the Attic year, extending in 351 8. 0.
from 22nd July to 18th Oct.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 190 THIRD 0L YNTHIAG III ? 5
46. pdyts, 'reluctantly' ; we may assume a pause in delivery
before this word, as also before Se? xo. vai's, 'only 10 vessels'
instead of 40. 'rd pvflfipua: the Eleusinian mysteries,
celebrated between the 14th, 15th, or 16th, and the 27th day
of the month Bo'e? dromion (Oct) Thus the Athenians waited
nearly a year before sending succours, and even those they
ultimately sent were miserably inadequate.
47. vaiis . . Kiwis: explained in one Ms by wohmm'is
,Bo'qfieias: 4 ? 43 TpLfiPGlS Kemis, Thuc. vi 31. The emphasis
falls on Se? xu. and stds and 1re? v're (instead of 60). Grote c. 87
viii 59.
4S. XapCS |. |. ov: Charidemus of 'npee? g, in N. of Euboea, was origin-
ally a comman er of mercenaries who served under Iphicrates in the
expedition against Amphipolis in 368-5 no. He was entrusted with the
care of certain hostages, but, instead of sending them to Athens, he
restored them to Amphipolis. He thereupon took service under Cotys
(chief of the Thracian tribe of Odrysae), who was at that time at enmity
with Athens. In 360 3. 0. , after engaging to join the Olynthians in defend-
ing Amphipolis against Timotheus, he was captured by the Athenians and
compelled to aid them against Olynthus. On the failure of these operations
on the part of Timotheus, he served in Asia Minor in the cause of Arts-
bazus, to whom he proved false. He next appealed to Athens, promising
to aid her in recovering the Chersonesus; but, on returning to Europe, he
broke this promise and entered the service of Cotys, whose daughter he
married. On the murder of Cotys (358) he supported his son Cersobleptes
in his struggle with Athens for the possession of the Chersonesus.
Ultimately he was forced to ratify a treaty ceding the Chersonesus to
Athens, and for this service he was actually presented with the Athenian
citizenship (857). In 352, notwithstanding the protest delivered bya client
of Demosthenes in the Speech against Aristocratcs, his person was declared
inviolable, and in 851 he was sent on the abortive expedition described
in the text. On the recall of Chares in 349 he was appointed by the
Athenians as commander in the war for the defence of Olynthus. He
joined the Olynthians in ravaging Pellene and Bottiaea (then in the hands
of Philip), but gave such ofl'ence by his insolence at Olynthus that he was
superseded by Chares. His earlier adventures are described in the Speech
again-st Aristocrat". After the battle of Chaeroneia (338) he was elected a
u-rpa-rqye? ; of Athens.
