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man SO
but an unmixed blessing Two chapters The True Relation, by Captain John
done and is still doing in the world. ” inclines to the philosophy of Descartes;
Mr. Carnegie says that «in population, he is not given to credulity, but in no
in wealth, in annual savings, and in case yields up his loyalty to the faith of
public credit, in freedom from debt, in Islam. He keeps himself in hiding from
agriculture, and in manufactures, Amer- the detectives of Cardinal Richelieu in
ica already leads the world »; and this Paris from 1641 to 1682; and employs
statement he proceeds to prove by an his time in writing lengthy epistles to
overwhelming array of statistics. The the Sultan, to friends in Vienna, to
book is a glorification of democracy; Mahomet, a eunuch exiled in Egypt, and
and admitting frankly the many evils others. Among the personages and
and corruptions in America, asserts that topies commented on are Charles II. of
in no country is the common
England, Philip II. of Spain, the Re-
free, so able to make his way. The ligious War in Germany, «Gustavus,
growth of the West and its enormous King of Swedeland, and in France the
food-producing capacity are treated at course of affairs during the reign of
length. Manufactures, mining, agricul- the house of the Medici. His resources
ture, pauperism and crime, railways and in classical lore are extensive. Alex-
waterways, are all considered in detail, ander the Great comes under his review
with a wealth of statistics to support with sovereigns of later times. To his
every statement. There is a tendency friend the eunuch in Egypt he writes in
to make the American eagle scream a friendly confidence; towards the close of
little louder than is usual nowadays; the long record admitting that he has
but on the whole, most Americans would loved a woman for thirty years, only at
agree heartily with Mr. Carnegie's pride last to be deceived in her and to learn
in American institutions. Mr. Carnegie the folly of earthly love. “Let us there-
is so optimistic that he will not admit fore,” he counsels his friend, «reserve
that even the horde of immigrants pour- our love for the daughters of Paradise ! »
ing in on us from Europe is anything
.
to and , but it
pub-
is evident that the material prosperity lished in London, in 1608. The full title
of the country is the main idea of the is, (A True Relation of such occurrences
book.
and accidents of noate as has hapned in
Virginia since the first planting of that
The Turkish Spy (L'Espion Turc)
"
Collony, which is now resident in the
(Letters Written by one Mahmut, South part thereof, till the last returne
who lived Five-and. Forty Years undis- from thence. Written by Captain Smith,
covered at Paris. Giving an Impartial Coronell of the said Collony, to a wor-
Account to the Divan at Constantinople shipfull friend of his in England. The
of the most Remarkable Transactions of account was also called Newes from
Europe, and covering several Intrigues Virginia. It relates the founding of
and Secrets of the Christian Courts Jamestown, from January ist, 1607, when
(especially that of France) from the three ships sailed from England for Vir-
year 1637 to the year 1683. Written ginia, to May 20th, 1608. Dealings with
originally in Arabic. Translated in Ital- the Indians, especially with the great
ian and from thence into English, by emperour Powhatan,” occupy the greater
John Paul Marana. In 8 vols. London: part of the pamphlet. The style is
1801. )
straightforward, and the whole tone ex-
The contents of this remarkable work ceedingly naive. Captain John Smith
are quite fully described by the above has always been one of the few pictur-
lengthy inscription on the title-page. A esque figures in early colonial history,
romance, really written by Giovanni and the writers of school histories have
Paolo Marana, but pretending to be the always made the most of him; his vera-
confidential communications of a refugee city was unquestioned, until Mr. Charles
Turk, to his friends, – this performance Deane, in the preface to an edition of
is an ingenious and witty comment on (The True Relation,' published in 1880,
the political and social conduct of pointed out that the story of the rescue
Christian Europe during the
of Captain Smith by Pocahontas makes
teenth century,
as viewed by a pre- its first appearance in Smith's (General
tended outsider. The writer himself Historie,' published in 1624, and no such
seven-


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499
re-
»
9
romantic incident is hinted at in The In 1843, Past and Present) was
True Relation. ' Mr. Deane charges Cap-garded as forceful, rousing, but not
tain Smith with having magnified his practical. It had, however, a great effect
own share in the doings of the colony; on the young and enthusiastic; and is
and it cannot be denied that all through now looked on as one of the best of Car-
(The True Relation, Captain John lyle's books, and as the expression of a
Smith is the central figure. But making political philosophy which, however vio-
all reasonable allowances for self-conceit lently expressed, was at bottom sensible
and self-glorification, there is no doubt and practical
that the settlers would have starved the
first winter, if John Smith had not had Master Beggars, The, by L. Cope
Cornford (1897), is a romance of
his own energy and all they lacked into
(old heroical days in the latter half
the bargain.
of the sixteenth century. The title is
the nickname applied to the troops of
Past
and Present, by Thomas Carlyle.
men, nobles and outlaws, who wandered
This treatise was published in Eng-
through the Netherlands in rebellion
land in April 1843; in May it was
against the rule of Philip II. , and crying
published in America, prefaced by an
for the suppression of the Inquisition.
appealing notice to publishers, written
Often engaged in heroic or chivalric
by Ralph Waldo Emerson, to the effect
deeds, the Beggars were too frequently
that the book was printed from a manu-
guilty of excesses: rifled churches, burned
script copy sent by the author to his
monasteries, and tortured priests; and
friends, and was published for the bene-
fit of the author. Mr. Emerson some-
by no means confined their outrages to
the clerical profession. The story is a
what optimistically hoped that this fact
vivid presentment of their reckless, vehe-
would incline publishers to respect Mr.
ment life, and their readiness to face
Carlyle's property in his own book. ”
danger or death for a cause, a leader, or
(Past and Present) was written in
a fair lady.
seven weeks, as a respite from the har-
Young Brother Hilarion, dedicated to
assing labor of writing (Cromwell. ? In
God by his noble father, in hope that
1842, the Camden Society had published
the "Chronicles of the Abbey of St. Ed-
his prayers may expiate the sins of
his ancestors, detests monastic life. His
mund's Bury,' written by Joceline de
Brakelonde, at the close of the twelfth
longing for the world is intensified by
meeting the beautiful Jacqueline, the
century. This account of a mediæval
monastery had taken Carlyle's fancy; and
young Countess of Durbuy. She is be-
trayed into the hands of the Beggars,
in Past and Present) he contrasted the
who plan to extort a large ransom for
England of his own day with the Eng-
her return. Hilarion joins her captors,
land of Joceline de Brakelonde. Eng-
swears allegiance to the chief, the fam-
lishmen of his own day he divided into
ous Wild Cat, and resumes his proper
three classes: the laborers, the devotees
name of Seigneur Philip d’Orchimont.
of Mammon, and the disciples of dilet-
tanteism. Between these three classes, he
He proves abundantly both his heroism
said, there was no tie of human brother-
and his love for his lady, in a succession
hood. In the old days the noble was
of startling Dumas-like chances which
the man who fought for the safety of
culminate in a terrible catastrophe; from
society. For the dilettantes and the
which, however, both Jacqueline and
d'Orchimont are saved, with the neces-
Mammonites he preached the “Gospel
of Work. For the uplifting of the class
sary, if improbable, good fortune of
lovers in fiction.
of laborers, for the strengthening of the
Social Classes Owe to Each
what seemed chimerical schemes in 1843 ;
Other, by William Graham Sum-
but before his death some of his schemes ner. This work, published in 1883, was
had been realized. He attacked the written by the professor of political
(laissez faire principle most fiercely; economy in Yale University, and was
he advocated legislative interference in intended to explode the fallacy of re-
labor, sanitary and educational legisla- garding the State as something more
tion, an organized emigration service, than the people of which it is composed.
some system of profit-sharing, and the Every attempt to make the Sta
organization of labor.
a social ill, Mr. Sumner says, is an
tie of human brotherhood, he proposed. What
cure


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SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
men
we
(
In the pros-
attempt to make some people take Europe for so many ages. There is
care of others. It is not at all the nothing in these tales of the heroic
function of the State to make
doings of Odin and Thor, of Volsungs
happy; to say that those who by their and Vikings, that associate with
own labor and industry have acquired Norse stories. The only supernatural
or augmented a fortune shall support beings are the Trolls, a dark, ugly race,
the shiftless and negligent, is to strike ill-disposed to mankind. The favorite
at the liberty of the industrious. Evils story seems to be the adventures of
due to the folly and wickedness of man- some poor youth, who starts out to seek
kind bear their own bitter fruit; State his fortune, and meets with many strange
interference in such cases means simply happenings, but usually ends by win-
making the sober, industrious, and pru- ning a princess and half a kingdom.
dent pay the penalty which should be There are many old friends under dif-
borne by the offender. The type and ferent names: (Cinderella, (The Sleep-
formula of most philanthropic schemes ing Beauty, Tom Thumb); and one
is this: A and B put their heads to- story, East o' the Sun and West o' the
gether to decide what C shall do for D. Moon,' is a combination of the old tale
Poor C, the “forgotten man,” has to of Cupid and Psyche) and Beauty and
pay for the scheme, without having any the Beast. ) The old pagan customs and
voice in the matter. «Class distinc- legends show through the veneer of
tions simply result from the different Christianity, as in "The Master-Smith,'
degrees of success with which men have where the blacksmith, who has angered
availed themselves of the chances which the Devil, goes to make his peace with
were presented to them.
Satan after he has lost his chance of
ecution of these chances, we all owe to heaven, because he does not want to be
each other good-will, mutual respect, houseless after death: he would prefer to
and mutual guarantees of liberty and go to heaven; but as he cannot, he
security. Beyond this nothing can be would prefer hell to a homeless fate.
affirmed as a duty of one group to an- The stories are prefaced by an essay
other in a free State. )
written by Mr. Dasent, in which he
Professor Sumner's book is a useful traces many of them from their San-
antidote to many of the futile and skrit originals through Greek to German
dreamy socialistic schemes now afloat. mythology
A process warranted to regenerate the
world in a day always has its attrac- Men and Letters, by Horace E. Scud-
tions. Professor Sumner, however, is
der. To attempt a critical review,
a more thorough-going supporter of the it is not only necessary to have a knowl.
(laissez faire » doctrine than most econ- edge of a man's work, the mere details
omists of the present day. Besides, of what he has done, and the manner of
he disregards the very dishonest means its performance, but to put oneself en rap-
by which wealth is often attained. His | port with his mental attitude, in sympa-
defense of the capitalist class is not thy with his moral aims, and in harmony
quite reasonable: not all capitalists, we with his intellectual perceptions; in or-
know, the despicable villains de- der that he may be presented in the
scribed by the extreme socialists; but best light to those who either fail to
neither could all of them be regarded grasp the full meaning or comprehens-
as men who have simply made legiti- iveness of his words or to those who
mate use of the chances presented to wait on the threshold for an invitation
them. ” However, Professor Sumner's to enter and enjoy. All this Mr. Scud-
protest against the insidious attacks on der has
has accomplished. The carping
the liberty of the majority, under the note is absent; the faint praise that
specious guise of legislative aid for the damns, superseded by a quiet force of
weak, is straightforward and convincing. convincing eloquence, which is inspired
by a thorough knowledge of the subjects
Popular Tales from
the Norse. he reviews. Whether he is describing
(1858. ) This is a collection of (Emerson's Self); (The Art of Long-
Norse folk-tales, translated by George fellow'; 'Landor as a Classic); or the
Webbe Dasent. The stories in this com- faith in works of Elisha Mulford, Annie
pilation are the Norse versions of the Gilchrist, or Dr. Muhlenberg,-a trio
stories which have been floating all over less well known to the general reader, -
are


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SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
501
we
>
we
>
one feels his intense sympathy with lofty
purpose, his suppression of self, his com-
prehension of mental attitudes and sub-
tleties. He seems to have the faculty of
obtaining the true perspective of action,
and of expressing character in a telling
phrase. When he writes of a subject
we have studied or reflected upon, we
are conscious of new methods of illu-
mination; when follow him into
untrodden paths, a magnetism of leader-
ship which induces to further research.
In his essay on (The Shaping of Excel-
sior,'' he describes the methods by which
a poet, even when he has seized upon
the central thought of a poem, has some-
times to drudge painstakingly over its
final form; in American History on the
Stage, the popular awakening to the
dramatic elements of American history,
its limitations and its possibilities; in
(The Future of Shakespeare,' the most
forceful of all, the belief that the future
of art is inextricably bound to the
world's final fiat on the works of the im-
mortal dramatist, – that he is the meas-
uring rod by which shall judge
proportions. ”
Spirit of Laws, The (Esprit des
Lois), by Montesquieu. (1748. )
The work of a French baron, born just
100 years before the French Revolution
of 1789, has the double interest of a sin-
gularly impressive manifestation of mind
and character in the author, and a very
able study of the conditions, political
and social, in France, which were des-
tined to bring the overthrow of the old
order. In 1728, after an election to the
Academy, Montesquieu had entered upon
prolonged European travel, to gratify
his strong interest in the manners,
customs, religion, and government to be
seen in different lands. Meeting with
Lord Chesterfield, he went with him to
England, and spent nearly two years
amid experiences which made him an
ardent admirer of the British Constitu-
tion, monarchy without despotism.
Returning thence to his native La Brède,
near Bordeaux, he gave the next twenty
years to study, the chief fruit of which
was to be the Esprit des Lois. As
early as 1734 he gave some indication
of what he had in view by his (Consid-
erations) upon Roman greatness and
Roman decline. The Esprit des Lois)
appeared in 1748, to become in critical
estimation the most important literary
production of the eighteenth century,
before the Encyclopédie. ' Its purpose
was research of the origin of laws, the
principles on which laws rest, and how
they grow out of these principles. It
was designed to awaken desire for free-
dom, condemnation of despotism, and
hope of political progress; and this effect
it had, modifying the thought of the
century very materially, and raising up
a school of statesmen and political econ-
omists at once intelligent and upright in
the interest of the governed.
The Woodman is a translation by Mrs.
John Simpson of Le Forestier,' a
rustic sketch by M. Quesnay de Beaure-
paire, known as a writer under the pseu-
donym of Jules de Glouvet. ) M. de
Beaurepaire, it will be remembered, is a
statesman of wide reputation. It was
due to his fearless and disinterested ac-
tion while procureur général of France,
that the dangerous Boulanger conspiracy
of 1888 was so successfully handled.
(The Woodman) is a story of one of
those rude, untaught peasants who, as
“franctireurs » in the war of 1870, gave
so many startling proofs of heroism and
matchless devotion to their country.
Jean Renaud, known as “The Poacher,"
grows up in a state of semi-savagery.
While yet a child he incurs the displeas-
ure of Marcel, the forest-warden, who
unjustly causes his imprisonment. Upon
this incident turns the whole plot of
the story. Although filled with intense
hatred for Marcel, Jean is so touched by
the friendship of his daughter Henriette
for a homeless waif that he has taken
under his protection, that he saves the
life of the warden at the risk of being
burned to death himself. Henriette is
deeply touched by this act of generosity;
Marcel is callous and unmoved. Then
comes the invasion of La Beauce by the
Prussians after the disastrous battle at
Châteaudun. Jean resolutely defends his
cherished forests against the foe, while
Marcel ingloriously surrenders himself
and the arms for the defense of the
town. The enraged Prussians, however,
declare that Marcel shall be shot to
avenge the death of several of their offi-
cers, if the real culprit is not produced;
and Jean, unwilling that even an enemy
should die through fault of his, hastens
to give himself up. They place him be-
fore the stone wall in the lane: Herri.
running 1. p.
Jean,” sha
а
ette
comes
((


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SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
recounts the adventures of Phra through
recurring existences extending from the
earliest Phænician period to the times
of Queen Elizabeth. Through all these
lives Phra retains his individuality,
though adapted to varying times and
places. The story opens with an expedi-
tion of Phra as a Phænician merchant
to the ten islands,” or “Cassiterides. »
He reappears in the early British days,
the slave consort of his Druid wife, and
changes into a centurion in the house
of a noble Roman lady. At his next
appearance Phra is again a Briton,
and serves under King Harold at Hast-
ings; he is successively a Saxon thane,
and an English knight under King Ed-
ward III. , before his final incarnation
during the reign of Queen Elizabeth,
when he writes of his various advent-
From act to act of his existence
Phra is followed by Crecy, a damsel
who renews her life as he does, and con-
stantly seeks his love. She dies to save
one of his numerous lives on a French
battle-field where Phra is serving under
Edward III.
ures.
cries, «farewell, great heart, my only
friend; you may depart in peace. I shall
never marry, - never, I assure you! ”
The sharp report of the needle-guns
follows, and the rural idyl is over.
Fate of Mansfield Humphreys, The, by
Richard Grant White. A few chap-
ters of this work appeared in the Atlantic
Monthly Magazine, and the first three
were published in Edinburgh with the
title, Mr. Washington Adams in Eng-
land. There is the thread of a love-
story involving Mansfield Humphreys,
a young and successful American, and
Margaret Duffield, a beautiful English
girl with small expectations and large
accumulations of titled relatives. It ter-
minates in an international marriage, a
residence in Boston, unfortunate business.
speculations, and the triumphant with-
drawal of Margaret — who achieves great-
ness of income by the timely removal of
an eccentric relative — with her husband
in train, to reside in her beloved England,
according to Mr. White, even the
most cultured drop their final «g's. ” The
story is one, if not with a moral, at least
with a purpose, and certainly with a
grievance. The lingual difficulties of
our trans-oceanic cousins are exploited at
length, as well as our own shortcomings
in the matter of speech. The popular
impression in England of the character-
istic American traits is accentuated in a
humorous scene, where Humphreys, mas-
querading as “Washington Adams, a
“gee-hawking » American with chin
whiskers,» «linen duster,» <watch-chain
which would have held a yacht to its
moorings, and other equally attractive
personal accessories, - appears at the gar-
den party of Lord Toppingham's, and by
his absurdities of speech and action pre-
sents an exaggerated caricature of a resi-
dent of “the States, which is placidly
accepted by the English guests as the
realization of their preconceived ideas.
The book aroused so much diverse com-
ment, public and private, that an explana-
tion of its occasion and original purpose
was given in a lengthy apology of some
seventy pages, concerning which the au-
thor says: “Some apologies aggravate
offense; always those which show the un-
just their injustice, for they will be unjust
still. This apology is one of that kind. ”
The
'he Strange Adventures of Phra the
Phænician, by Edwin Lester Ar-
nold (1890), is a fantastic story that
The Surgeon's Stories, by Zakarias
Topelius. Topelius was a Finn; and
his wonderful series of historical tales,
although written originally in Swedish,
exploit the fortunes of a Finnish fam-
ily for six generations, from 1631 to the
latter part of the last century. The
stories are ostensibly related by Andreas
Bäck, a quack doctor, whose career is
humorously set forth in the introduction,
and whose characteristics are portrayed
in the prelude to each cycle of tales.
He was born on the same day as Na-
poleon. According to his own account he
had saved the Swedish feet, and the lives
of Gustavus III. and Arnfelt (or he would
have done so had they listened to him),
he had been granted an audience with
Bonaparte, and had pulled a tooth for
Suvorof; and he liked to relate his ex-
periences with just a tinge of boastful-
ness, but when he was once started on
his narrations he quite forgot himself,
and was carried away by the exciting
events of the past. It was his pleasure
to gather around him in his dusty attic
a little band of listeners ;
; — we see them
all, the postmaster and the old grand-
mother and the schoolmaster and the
rest.
«His memory,” says his chroni-
cler, (was inexhaustible; and as the old
proverb says that even the wild stream


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SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
503
does not let its waves flow by all at Zury (an abbreviation for Usury) Prow-
once, so had the surgeon also a continu- der arrives, while still a child, in the
ally new stock of stories, partly from his wild forests of Illinois, there to grow up
own time, and still more from periods with the country. One by one, his little
that had long since passed. He had not sister, his father, and mother give up
a wide historical knowledge; his tales and die; but still the boy continues to
were desultory character-sketches rather live on, and in the end carves riches
than coherent description: . . what
out of poverty. To do this he has suf-
he had was fidelity, warm feeling, and fered extreme privations, and reduced
above all, a power of vivid delineation. » the science of economy to such a degree
The connection between the fifteen sto- that he has earned the distinction of
ries that make up the six volumes is being the meanest man in the county.
maintained by a wopper ring with runic At the juncture when Zury owns half
inscriptions, which is first seen on the the town, and holds mortgages on the
finger of Gustavus Adolphus, and is pop- other half; when he is the whole munici-
ularly supposed to protect him so long pal government and most of the board
as he wears it, from iron and lead, fire of public education, a young woman
and water. This ring he had received from Boston, Miss Ann Sparrow, appears
from a Finnish maiden; and it is his son upon the scene to take charge of the
by this Finnish maiden who founds the (deestrict » school. Henceforth the in-
family of Bertelskjöld, in whose posses- terest in the two is paramount, and
sion the amulet descends with many through the now humorous, now pathetic
adventures through generation after struggles of the girl, at first for recog-
generation. The titles of the six cycles nition, then for success, we see of what
hint at the chronological development: delightfully superficial nature Zury's
Times of Gustavus Adolphus; Times of meanness was after all; and once more
Battle and Rest (1656-97); Times of find an illustration of the wonders that
Charles XII. ; Times of Frederick I. ; a little of the sweetness and light which
Times of Linnæus; Times of Alchemy. accompany education may accomplish,
These stories, with their vivid descrip- even in the wilderness.
tions, their wonderful pictures of battle
,
. (1872. )
Daudet's exqui-
works of historical fiction. In English site portrayal of mock adventures of the
translation they hold their own in com- boastful Tartarin is a delightfully enter-
parison even with Sir Walter Scott's taining specimen of the finest quality of
(Tales of a Grandfather. )
French humorous writing. Tartarin of
Tarascon, to whom the adulation of his
Zury; The Meanest Man in Spring fellow-townsmen is as necessary as the
County: A Novel of Western Life, breath of life, is animated by the spirit
by Joseph Kirkland. Zury) is a tale of of a big-game hunter and a love of ad-
the life and society, of the struggles, re- venture. On Sundays, accompanied by
verses, and disappointments, of those who, his fellow-sportsmen of Tarascon, he goes
at the period immediately preceding our just outside the town, and in lieu of
Civil War, journeyed in prairie schooners other game, long since fied, tosses his
to the settlement of the great West. cap into the air and riddles it with shot.
The story is almost entirely in the At this noble pastime Tartarin is with-
form of dialogue — the peculiar patois of out a peer. His study walls are thickly
the backwoods — and of such a construc- hung with such trophies of his skill. He
tion that it must be followed word for has long been the absolute king of Ta-
word for the successful unraveling of the rascon sportsmen. To assure this posi-
plot. There are no tiresome descriptions, tion among his townsmen, who are be-
and but little narrative, where one so ginning to doubt his prowess, he starts
usually finds a résumé of what has passed for Algiers on a real lion hunt.
and a brief prospectus of what he may With innumerable trunks filled with
expect; so that the careless reader who arms, ammunition, medicine, and con-
glances at the beginning, takes a peep densed aliments, arrayed in the historic
or two at the middle, and then carefully garb of a Turk, Tartarin arrives at Al-
studies the last two chapters, will cer- giers. An object of much curiosity and
tainly find himself quite nonplussed. speculation, he at once sets out for lions,
of romance, take rank among the cables Tartarin. of Tarascon, by Alphonse
a


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SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
but returns daily, disheartened by his freedom, and has succeeded in impart-
fruitless quest. He is himself bagged by ing to his work their antique air and
a pretty woman, Baya, in Moorish dress. flavor.
One day he meets Barbasson, a native
of Tarascon, captain of the Zouave, ply: Swiss Family Robinson, The, or Ad-
ventures in a Desert Island, by
ing from Marseilles to Algiers. Barbas-
son tells him of the anxiety and eager-
J. R. Wyss. This book was originally
written in German, was translated into
ness for news of him at Tarascon.
French, and afterwards into English. It
At this, Tartarin deserts Baya, and
is
an entertaining tale written for
starts south for lions. After many ad-
young people, after the style of "Robin-
ventures in the desert, he finally kills
son Crusoe,) from which the author is
the only lion he has seen,- a poor, blind,
supposed to have derived many of his
tame old lion, for which he has to settle
ideas. It deals with the experiences of
to the amount of all his paraphernalia and
a shipwrecked family, a Swiss clergy-
money. The lion's skin is forwarded to
man, his wife and four sons, who, de-
Tarascon, and Tartarin tramps to Al-
serted by the captain and the crew of
giers, accepts passage from Barbasson,
the vessel on which they are passengers,
and at last reaches home, where he is
greeted with frenzied applause. His po-
finally reach land in safety. They ex-
hibit wonderful ingenuity in the use
sition has been made secure by the
arrival of the lion's skin, and he again
they make of everything which comes
to hand, and manage to subsist on what
assumes his place in Tarascon. Even-
articles of food they find on the island,
ings, at his club, amid a breathless
combined with the edibles which they
throng, Tartarin begins: «Once upon an
are able to rescue from the ship. They
evening, you are to imagine that, out in
have various experiences with wild
the depths of the Sahara — »
beasts and reptiles, but emerge from all
encounters in safety. They build a very
Telemachus (or Télémaque), Advent.
remarkable habitation in a large tree,
ures of, by Fénelon, is a French
which is reached by means of a hidden
prose epic in twenty-four books, which
staircase in the trunk; and in this re-
appeared in 1699. Having been ship-
treat they are secure from the attacks of
wrecked upon the island of the god-
ferocious animals. They continue
dess Calypso, Telemachus relates to her
thrive and prosper for several years, un-
his varied and stirring adventures while
til finally a ship touches at the island,
seeking his father Ulysses, who, going
and they are once again enabled to com-
to the Trojan war, has been absent
municate with the mainland. By this
from home for twenty years. In his
search the youth has been guarded
time, however, they are so well pleased
with their primitive life that they refuse
and guided by the goddess Minerva,
to leave the island home.
The story
disguised as the sage Mentor. This
was left in an unfinished condition by
recital occupies the first six books, the
the author, but several sequels to it
remaining eighteen containing the hero's
have been written, all of which vary in
further remarkable experiences, until at
their accounts of the doings of this in-
last he returns to Ithaca, where he
teresting family. The book has long
finds Ulysses already arrived. On the
enjoyed a well-deserved popularity, and
way thither occur his escape from the
in spite of various anachronisms is en-
island of Calypso, whose love for Te-
lemachus prompts her to detain him on
joyable and entertaining reading.
her fair domain, and his visit to the
Story of Bessie Costrell, The, by Mrs.
infernal regions, in search of his father, Humphry Ward. (1895. ) In this
whom he believes to be dead. This
story Mrs.
Ward has depicted life
romance of education, designed at among the working classes under most
once to charm the imagination and to painful and trying conditions. Bessie
inculcate truths of morals, politics, and Costrell is the niece of John Bolderfield,
religion, has always been regarded as an old man who, by dint of scrimping
a French classic. It is still much used and saving for many years, has ac-
in English-speaking schools, as a model cumulated by hard labor enough money
of French composition. The author has to support himself for the remainder of
borrowed from, and imitated, the Greek his life. This wealth, the acquirement
and Latin heroics with undisguised of which had been the one ambition of
to


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SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
505
care
his life, has been kept hoarded in an with the sudden complications intro-
old trunk; and this he confides to the duced into her life by a rumor that she
of his niece, before leaving his is playing a false part and is not free.
native town for a period of some months. The story is well told, and full of
Bessie is much delighted to be given grace and color. The character of Mar-
charge of the money, and at first only garet is distinctly portrayed; while the
regards it with honest feelings of pride; dry speeches of Miss Longstaff, the
but eventually the temptation becomes quaintness of little Gladys, and the kind-
too strong for her, and her natural ex- ness of Mr. Bell, Margaret's elderly ad-
travagance asserting itself, she opens mirer, afford interesting passages.
the chest and spends part of the money
in a reckless way, drinking and treating Story of a Country Town, The, by
E. W. Howe, is a tale of the mo-
her friends. At length her free use of
notonous unlovely life of a small, hard-
money begins to arouse suspicion; and
working, unimaginative Western village.
she takes alarm and goes to the chest to
The story is told in the first person by
count the balance, when she is caught
in the act by her husband's profligate
a boy who has never known any other
life, and whose farthest goal of experi-
son, who assaults her and robs her of
ence is the neighboring town. It is a
the remainder, Matters have reached
masterpiece of modern «realism,” the
this crisis when John returns home, and
life and events of the place being de-
to his horror and consternation, finds his
scribed with a marvelous fidelity. Yet
money gone. He is at first prostrated
the test of veracity fails in the unre-
by the terrible discovery; but on recov-
lieved gloom of the story, which is be-
ering consciousness, he accuses Bessie of
reft of all sunshine and joyousness, and
the theft, which she strenuously denies.
even of all sense of relation to happier
John then sends for the constable, who
things. The town of Twin Mounds
succeeds in proving her guilt. Bessie's
husband, Isaac Costrell, a stern, hard
seems as isolated and strange as if it
were in another world. Even nature is
man, who is a leader in the church, is
utterly cheerless, and human life appar-
overcome with horror on learning of his
ently without hope. The narrative itself
wife's dishonesty, agrees that she will
is loose and rambling, centring about
have to go to prison, and tells her that
the domestic troubles of Joe Erring and
he will have nothing more to do with
his wife, and culminating in dreary
her. The wretched woman, overwhelmed
with terror and grief,
tragedy. The book has a grim fascina-
drowns herself
tion; and at least one extraordinary
in a well; and the narrative ends leav-
ing the husband filled with remorse, and
character, Lyth Biggs, whose cynical
philosophizing leaves the reader fairly
John broken-hearted and penniless. The
benumbed by the chill of its candor.
story is told in a realistic manner; and
although many of the situations are un- The
"he Stickit Minister, by S. R. Crock-
pleasant, it bears the mark of a master ett. (1893. ) The short stories, by
hand.
S. R. Crockett, contained in the collec-
tion called "The Stickit Minister, and
Story of Margaret Kent, The, by Some Common Men,' were first printed
Ellen Olney Kirk. This book was in a newspaper.
published in 1886, under the signature These stories of “that gray Galloway
of Henry Hayes. The scene of the Land, as the author calls it, are told
story is laid in New York, where Mar- in a very simple, pathetic way. The
garet Kent, an
able and fascinating
(stickit minister is a young divinity
woman, is supporting herself and her student, who learns that he must die in
little daughter by means of her pen. a few years from consumption. He and
At a very early age she has married a his younger brother have inherited but
man who has proved to be weak and a small property; so, in order that his
a spendthrift; and who, after dissipat- brother may study to become a doctor,
ing both their fortunes, had left her, he leaves college and goes home to cul-
six years before the story opens, to go
tivate the farm. It is generally supposed
to South America. From the time when that he has failed to pass his examina-
Margaret establishes herself in the city, tion, whence the name “stickit (stuck
the story concerns itself with the suitors fast] minister»; and even his brother
who suppose her to be a widow, and treats him with coldness and ingratitude.


## p. 506 (#542) ############################################

506
SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
en-
-as
are
The second story, Accepted of the his faithful serving-maid, Sonia, who
Beasts,) tells of a pure-hearted, noble has become a handsome and capable
young clergyman, who is turned out of girl, and has acquired under his tuition
his church because of certain unfounded considerable education. This story gives
accusations brought against him by the a distinct picture of home life in Rus-
machination of an evil-minded woman. sia, where Madame Gréville resided for
Next morning a farmer discovers him many years, and where she was
singing «He was despised and rejected abled to master all phases of Russian
of men) to a herd of cattle, which character.
press about him to listen. A few hours There is much in the book that is
later he is found lying dead.
bright and noteworthy, and the charac-
(A Heathen Lintie) is the story of a ter of Sonia is developed with much
middle-aged Scotch woman, who has
who has delicacy and originality.
secretly written and has had published a
volume of poems.
She watches anxi The Splendid Spur, by A. T. Quil- .
ler-Couch.
of
ously for the paper which is to contain
(1890. ) The scene
a review of them. At last it comes; but
these thrilling adventures is England,
she dies before she is able to read
in the days of King Charles. Jack
enough of it to discover that what she
Marvel overhears Tingcomb, Sir Deakin
believes is praise is in reality cruel,
Killigrew's steward, plotting with the
scathing criticism.
villainous Settle to destroy his master's
Some of the stories (A Mid-
son, Anthony, and seize the estate. He
summer Idyl,' (Three Bridegrooms and
warns him, but too late; sees him die,
One Bride,' and 'A Knight-Errant of
receives from him the King's letter to
the Streets,
less pathetic and
General Hopton, is himself pursued,
escapes,
more humorous.
rescues Sir Deakin and his
daughter Delia. Sir Deakin dies from
exposure, and Delia sets out with Mar-
Sonia, by Henri Gréville. (1878. ) This
vel to deliver the King's letter.
Ad-
is a powerful and impressive, and
ventures follow thick and fast: they are
at the same time charming and refined,
story of Russian life.
Sonia is a poor
captured, and escape again and again,
little slave girl, who is knocked about
finally reaching Cornwall, Delia's home.
She falls into Settle's clutches; and
and abused by the brutal aristocrats,
Marvel is wounded and nursed by Joan,
bearing the name of Goréline, whom she
a wild Cornish girl, who conveys the
The cruel treatment continues
King's letter to Hopton. Marvel re-
until a young tutor, named Boris Gré-
bof, comes to the château to give les-
covers Delia; they are hard pressed by
sons to Eugène and Lydie, the son and
the foe, but Joan, in Marvel's clothes,
leads them astray,
receives fatal
daughter of the household. He pities
Sonia and is kind to her; and she in
wound, and dies for Marvel's sake.
Tingcomb, the wicked steward, falls
return feels for him the deepest affec-
tion. Boris falls in love with Lydie,
headlong from a precipice, the stolen
who is a very pretty girl, and wins
property is regained, and Delia decides
to seek a safer shelter in France. Mar-
from her a promise of marriage; but
as Madame Goréline discovers
vel remains to fight for King Charles.
the attachment, she is filled with rage
Delia, seeing that he loves her not less,
and at once dismisses the tutor.
but honor more, exclaims, « Thou hast
He
found it, sweetheart, thou hast found the
takes Sonia, who has also been driven
from the house, to his home, where
Splendid Spur. ”
she remains in the employ of his kindly Standish of Standish; by Jane G.
aged mother for several years.
. (is “a
continues to cherish his affection for story of the Pilgrims”); and with this
Lydie all this time, and she allows him charming and authentic narrative the
to consider himself engaged to her; al- author begins her series of tales relating
though she, being weak and fickle, is to the Plymouth Colony. The book is
constantly on the lookout for a chance full of romantic and dramatic episodes,
to make a more brilliant match. Event- all of which are founded on fact, and are
ually she casts Boris off; and he, dis- therefore doubly interesting. In the
covering the falseness of her nature, is opening chapters the Pilgrims are first
consoled, and in course of time marries pictured on board the Mayflower, lying
serves.
a
as soon


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SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
507
as
were
at anchor, where they are passing the of her through portraits in the society
dreary weeks until the pioneers of the newspapers. He has an ideal of her
colony can decide on a suitable place for a woman unspoiled by wealth and
a settlement. At last the location is position. He half confides to her his
chosen; and the few log cabins which admiration of her. Later when he learns
serve as abiding places for the Pilgrims that she and her sister, with their father,
prove foundation stones for the flourish- are coming to Olancho to visit their
ing town of Plymouth. Throughout the brother and to see the mines, he is wild
story Miles Standish, who can rightfully with delight. But he is doomed to dis-
be called the hero of this tale, figures appointment in the character of Alice.
prominently. His manliness and courage Appreciative and sensitive as she seems,
in overcoming obstacles and adversity, she has herself too well under control,
his tenderness, and kindness to the is always afraid of going too far, is
sick and suffering, and his deep love never quite sure of Robert Clay's de-
and devotion for sweet Rose Standish, sirability as a husband. Her coldness
form a striking picture. Her death, chills and alienates Clay. Hope, on the
which occurs soon after their landing, other hand, gives expression to her gen-
causes him the deepest sorrow, but he uine enthusiasm. She is delighted with
eventually feels it his duty to marry the strangeness of the life, is as inter-
again; and John Alden's interview with ested in the mines as if she herself
Priscilla Molines in his behalf is pictur-
a director. In the dangers and
esquely described.
His subsequent mar- excitements of the revolution, which
riage to his cousin Barbara Standish, breaks out during her visit, she dis-
which occurs after a stormy courtship, plays courage, nerve, and womanliness.
ends this interesting narrative. Through- The nobility in Clay's nature draws
out the story the privations and suffer- her to him. He loves her and claims
ings of the Pilgrims, which they bear her for his wife. Alice is left to marry
with such courage and fortitude, are a conventional society man of her own
pictured in the most graphic manner. type. (Soldiers of Fortune) is well
Governor Carver and his gentle and written and readable. Full of excite-
delicate wife; John Harland, their faith- ment as it is, the dramatic incidents
ful friend and helper; and Mary Chilton, in it are yet subordinated to the delin-
who has historic interest as being the eation of character.
first woman to step on shore, are also
charmingly portrayed.
The Newcomes, by. W. M. Thackeray
(1854), one of the few immortal
Soldiers of Fortune, by Richard Hard- novels, has many claims to greatness.
ing Davis, was published in 1897, It not only presents a most lifelike and
and is a spirited novel of adventure. convincing picture of English society in
The scene is laid in Olancho, the cap- the firsć half of the century, but it excels
ital of a little seething South-Ameri- in the drawing of individual types.
can republic, on the eve of one of its Colonel Newcome, perhaps the most per-
innumerable revolutions. The hero is fect type of a gentleman to be found in
Robert Clay, a self-made man, an engi- the whole range of fiction, sheds undying
neer, general manager, and resident lustre upon the novel. Ethel Newcome
director of the Valencia Mining Com- is one of the rare women of fiction who
pany in Olancho. Although the novel really live as much in the reader's con-
is full of adventure, it is primarily a sciousness as in the conception of the
study of two types of women, two sis- author. Clive Newcome is also possessed
ters, the daughters of Mr. Langham, of abundant life. His strong and faulty
president of the company.
The elder humanity is the proof of his genuineness.
is a New York society girl of a most All the world knows his story, begin-
finished type, - self-possessed,
— calmly ning with the bravery of boyhood just
critical, with emotions well in check, released from the dim cloisters of Grey
noble, but not noble to the point of Friars. His father, Colonel Newcome,
bad form. Her sister Hope, not yet has come from India to rejoice in him
out, is enthusiastic, generous, sweet. as in a precious possession, and to re-
Robert Clay meets the elder, Alice Lang- new his old associations in London for
ham, at a dinner just before he sails the sake of his son. Clive's career, on
for South America. He has long known which so many hopes are built, is marred


## p. 508 (#544) ############################################

508
SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
scene
mere
а
ern
with failures. He loves his cousin Ethel book which aims at presenting to us not
Newcome, but she is hedged from him so much petty details as the large and
by the ambitions of her family. He enduring features of the life of the
himself makes a wretched marriage. Greeks,- enough, certainly, about their
His dreams of success as an artist fade food, their dress, and their houses, but
away. The Colonel loses his fortune, especially “how they reasoned, and felt,
and in his old age becomes a pensioner and loved; why they laughed and why
of Grey Friars. The quiet pathos of his they wept; how they taught and what
death-bed
is unique, even in they learned. The picture, of course, is
Thackeray. With the word “Adsum » mostly Athenian, since only Athenian
upon his lips, the word with which he colors exist for the painting. The result
used to answer the roll-call as a boy at is not only of literary and antiquarian,
school, he passes into peace. Clive and but also of practical value, as showing
Ethel, each free to begin the world how high a civilization was attained by
again, meet at his death-bed. The novel a people that had to contend with a
closes upon their chastened happiness. worthless theology, with slavery, and
No words of praise or criticism, no de- with ignorance of the art of printing.
tailed description, can convey the sense Professor Mahaffy writes in no
of the light and sweetness of "The archæological spirit, but with his eye
Newcomes. '
As novel of English always on the present and the future,
upper and middle class life, it remains as where he refers to the present French
without a rival.
republic, the theory of might being
right, and the case of the Irish. The
Social Life in old Virginia Before
topics treated are: The Greeks of the
the War, by Thomas Nelson Page.
Homeric Age); (The Greeks of the Lyric
This little volume, which in a
way
Age); (The Greeks of the Attic Age);
recalls Washington Irving's (Sketch
(Attic Culture); (Trades and Profes-
Book, is a sympathetic sketch of South-
sions); Entertainments and Conversa-
ante-bellum plantation life, por-
tion’; (The Social Position of Boys in
traying a state of society incredible to
Attic Life); Religious Feeling); and
those who had no experience of it,
Business Habits. )
and probably to-day all but incredible
to those who once knew it best. Be-
History of Spanish Literature, The,
ginning with the great house,” its by George Ticknor. (1849. ) This
grounds, gardens, and outbuildings, the
work was the fruit of twenty years of
personality and life of the mistress, of study and labor. It is divided into three
the master, and of their daughters parts: Part i. , beginning with «The Cid)
and sons, first pass before us. Then and the chronicles, and ending with the
come portraits of those august func-
death of Charles V. ; Part ii. , treating of
tionaries: the carriage driver, the but- the golden age of the drama, the lyric,
ler, and «mammy” the nurse;
and the novel; and Part iii. , making a
the gardeners, the boys about the study of the conditions of the literary
house, the young ladies' own maids,
decadence. The translations used were
and the very furniture, are not forgot-
original; and the book remains an author-
ten. The description embraces both
ity and a classic. Hallam declared that
great house and cabins. The mysteries «It supersedes all others, and will never
of «spending a month two,) of be superseded. ” Translated into many
« spending the day” (i. e. dining), and tongues, its profound learning, its mod-
of Sunday hospitalities, are dissolved; esty, and its forcible style, make it as
the varying seasons,
the fox hunt,
agreeable as it is valuable.
Christmas festivities, the ladies' « “pat-
terns and the gentlemen's politics, –
Spanish Vistas, by George Parsons
Lathrop.
all sides of that complex existence ap-
« C'nless he be extraordi-
narily shrewd,” says the author, “a for-
pear. And the conclusion of the whole
eigner can hardly help arriving in Spain
matter is, that while the social life of
on some kind of a feast-day. ” Perhaps
the Old South had its faults, its
it is that all days in that land of ro-
graces were never equaled. ”
mance seem like red-letter days to one
Social
cial Life in Greece from Homer to who has
from the workaday
Menander, by John Pentland Ma. world and the unshaded vistas of reality.