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303–309. ) Niebuhr conjectures, with some tics of this family. He was elected consul in B. C.
probability, that in order to raise money he must | 249, and commanded the fieet sent to reinforce the
have sold large portions of the public land. He troops at Lily baeum. In defiance of the auguries,
retained his censorship four years. (Niebuhr, vol. he attacked the Carthaginian feet lying in the har-
iii. pp. 294—313. ) În 307 he was elected consul bour of Drepana, but was entirely defeated, with the
after resigning his censorship, which he had loss of almost all his forces. (Polyb. i. 49, &c. ;
ineffectually endeavoured to retain, and remained Cic. De Divin. i. 16, ï. 8, 33; Schol. Bob. in Cic.
in Rome for the purpose of strengthening his in- p. 337, ed. Orell. ; Liv. xix. ; Suet. Tib. 2. )
terest. (Liv. ix. 42. ) In the following year we Claudius was recalled and commanded to appoint a
find him a strenuous opponent of the Ogulnian dictator. He named M. Claudius Glycias or
law for opening the offices of pontiff and augur to Glicia, the son of a freedman, but the nomination
the plebeians. (x. 7, 8. ) In 298 he was ap- was immediately superseded. (Suet. Tib. 2; Fasti
pointed intertex (an office which he filled three Capit. ) P. Claudius was accused of high treason,
times; see inscription in Pighius, ad ann. 561), and, according to Polybius (i. 52) and Cicero (de
and at first refused to receive votes for the plebeian Nat. Deor. ii. 3), was severely punished. Accord-
candidate. (Liv. x. 11; Cic. Brut. 14. ) In 296 ing to other accounts (Schol. Bob. l. c. ; Val. Max.
he was chosen consul a second time, and command-viii. l. § 4), a thunder-storm which happened
ed at first in Samnium with some success. (Liv. stopped the proceedings; but he was impeached a
x. 17 ; Orelli, Inscr. No. 539. ) From Samnium he second time and fined. He did not long survive
led his forces into Etruria, and having been de bis disgrace. He was dead before B. c. 246.
livered from a perilous position by his colleague (Claudia, No. 1. ] The probability is that he
Volumnius, the combined armies gained a decisive killed himself. (Val. Max. i. 4. $ 3. )
victory orer the Etruscans and Samnites. (Liv. 14. C. CLAUDIUS APP. F. C. N. CENTHO or
x. 18, 19. ) In this battle he vowed a temple to CENTO, another son of No. 10, was consul in B. C.
Bellona, which he afterwards dedicated. Next 240, interrex in 217, and dictator in 213. (Fasti
year he was continued in command, as praetor, Cap. ; Cic. Tusc. Disp. i. 1, Brut. 18; Liv. xxji.
but was sent back to Rome by the consul Fabius. 34, xxv.
2. )
(x. 22, 25. ) Afterwards, in conjunction with 15. Tib. CLAUDIUS Nero, fourth son of No.
Volumnius, he gained a victory over the Sam- | 10. Nothing further is known respecting him.
nites. (x. 31. ) He was once dictator, but in (Suet. Tib. 3; Gell. xiii. 22. ) An account of his
what year is not known. (Insc. in Orelli, l. c. ) descendants is given under Nero.
In his old age, when Cineas was sent by Pyrrhus 16. CLAUDIAE QUINQUE. [CLAUDIA, No. 1. )
to propose peace, Appius, now quite blind, ap- 17. App. CLAUDIUS P. F. APP. N. PULCHER,
peared in the senate, and by his speech prevailed son of No. 13, was aedile in B. c. 217. (Liv. xxii.
on them to resist the proffered terms. This speech 53. ) In the following year he was military tri-
was extant in Cicero's time. (Liv. xii. ; Cic. bune, and fought at Cannae. Together with P.
Brut. 14, 16, De Senect. 6. ) His eloquence is Scipio he was raised to the supreme command by
extolled by Livy. (x. 19. )
the troops who had fied to Canusium. In 215 he
Appius Claudius the Blind was the earliest Ra was created praetor, and conducted the relics of
man writer in prose and verse whose name has the defeated army into Sicily, where his efforts to
come down to us.
He was the author of a poem detach Hieronymus, the grandson of Hiero, from
known to Cicero through the Greek (Cic. Tusc. his connexion with the Carthaginians, were un-
Disp. ir. 2), of which some minute fragments hare successful. (Liv. xxii. 24, 30, 31, xxiv. 6, 7. )
come down to us. (Priscian. vii. p. 792, ed. He remained in Sicily the following year also, as
Putsch ; Festus, s. v. Stuprum. ) Its contents were propraetor and legatus to M. Marcellus. (xxiv. 10,
of a Pythagorean cast. He also wrote a legal 21, 27, 29, 30, 33, 36 ; Polyb. viii. 3, 5, 9), har-
treatise, De Usurpationibus, and according to some ing charge of the fleet and the camp at Leontini.
was the author of the Actiones which Flavius (Liv. xxiv. 39. ) In 212 he was elected consul,
published. [Flavius. ] (Pomponius, Dig. i. 2. and in conjunction with his colleague Q. Fulvius
§ 36. ) He left four sons and five daughters. Flaccus laid siege to Capua. At the close of his
(Cic. de Senect. 11.
)
year of office, in pursuance of a decree of the
11. App. CLAUDIUS C. F. APP. N. CAUDEX, also sepate, he went to Rome and created two new
son of No. 9. He derived his surname from his consuls. His own command was prolonged another
attention to naval affairs. (Senec. dc Brev. l'itac, year. In the battle with Hannibal before Capua


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CLAUDIUS.
709
CLAUDIUS.
he received a wound, from the effects of which he lin B. C. 200, in the war with Philip. Being sent
died shortly after the surrender of the city. He to the relief of Athens, which was besieged by a
ineffcctually opposed the infliction of the sanguinary Macedonian army, he mised the siege. lle next
vengeance which Fulvius took on the Capuans. made himself master of Chalcis in Euboea, and
(Liv. xxv. 2, 22, 41, xxvi. 1, 5, 6, 8, 15, 16; gained several advantages over Philip, who march-
Polyb. ix. 3. )
ed in person upon Athens. (Liv. xxxi. 14, 22,
18. Claudia QUINTA. (Claudia, No. 2. ) &c. ; Zonar. ix. 15. )
19. CLAUDIA. (CLAUDIA, No. 3. )
24. APP. CLAUDIUS CENTO, brother of No. 23,
20. Arp. CLAUDIUS APP. F. P. N. Pulcher, was aedile in B. c. 178. (Liv. xl. 59. ) In 175
son of No. 17. In c. 197 and the three fol- he was made praetor, and received Hi nia Cite-
lowing years, he served as military tribune under rior as his province. Here he gained a victory
T. Quinctius Flamininus in Greece in the war with over the revolted Celtiberi, for which he was
Philip. (Liv. xxxii. 35, 36, xxxiii. 29, xxxiv. 50. ) honoured with an oration. (xli. 22, 31, 33. ) In
We find him again in Greece in 191, serving first 173 he was sent into Thessaly, and quieted the
under M. Baebius in the war with Antiochus disturbances which prevailed there. (xlii. 5. ) In
(xxxvi. 10), and afterwards under the consul M'. 172 he was one of an embassy sent into Mace-
Acilius Glabrio against the Aetolians. (xxxvi. 22, donia to communicate to Perseus the demands and
30. ) In 187 he was made praetor, and Tarentum threats of the Romans. (xlii. 25. ) In 170 he was
fell to him by lot as his province. (xxxviii. 42. ) | legatus under the consul A. Hostilius. Having
In 185 he was elected consul, and gained some been sent with 4000 men into Wlyricum, he sus-
advantages over the Ingaunian Ligurians, and, by tained a defeat near the town of Uscana. (xliii.
his violent interference at the comitia, procured 11, 12. )
the election of his brother Publius to the consul- 25. APP. CLAUDIUS APP. F. App. N. PULCHER,
ship. (xxxix. 23, 32. ) In 184, when Philip son of No. 20. He was consul in B. c. 143, and,
was preparing for a new war with the Romans, to obtain a pretext for a triumph, attacked the
Appius was sent at the head of an embassy into Salassi, an Alpine tribe. He was at first defcated,
Macedonia and Greece, to observe his movements but afterwards, following the directions of the Si-
and wrest from his grasp the cities of which he bylline books, gained a victory. (Frontin. de
had made himself master. (xxxix. 33–39. ) In Aquaed. 7; Dion Cass. Fragm. lxxix. lxxx. ; Oros.
176 he was one of an embassy sent to the Aeto- v. 4. ) On his return a triumph was refused him ;
lians, to bring about a cessation of their internal but he triumphed at his own expense, and when
hostilities and oppose the machinations of Perseus. one of the tribunes attempted to drag him from
(xli. 25, 27. )
his car, his daughter Claudia, one of the Vestal
21. P. CLAUDIUS APP. F. P. N. PULCHER, son virgins, walked by his side up to the capitol. (Cic.
of No. 17. In B. c. 189 he was curule aedile, and pro Cael. 14; Sueton. Tib. 2. ) Next year he was
in 188 praetor. (Liv. xxxviii. 35. ) In 184 he an unsuccessful candidate for the censorship, though
was made consul (see No. 20) (xxxix. 32), and he afterwards held that office with Q. Fulvius No-
in 181 one of the three commissioners appointed bilior, probably in 136. (Dion Cass. Fragm. lxxxiv. ;
for planting a colony at Graviscae. (xl. 29. ) Plut. Tib. Gracch. 4. ) He gave one of his daugh-
22. C. CLAUDIUS APP. F. P. N. PULCHER, an- ters in marriage to Tib. Gracchus, and in B. c. 133
other son of No. 17 (Fasti Cap. ; Liv. Ixxii. 44), with Tib. and C. Gracchus was appointed com-
was made augur in B. c. 195, praetor in 180 (xl. missioner for the division of the lands. (Liv. Epit.
37, 42), and consul in 177. The province of 58; Orelli, Inscr. No. 570; Vell. Pat. ii. 2. ) Appius
Istria fell to his lot. Fearing lest the successes of lived at enmity with P. Scipio Aemilianus. (Plut.
the consuls of the preceding year might render his Aemil. 38 ; Cic. de Rep. i. 19. 1 He died shortly
presence unnecessary, he set out without perform- after Tib. Gracchus. (Appian, B. C. i. 18. ) He was
ing the regular initiatory ceremonies of the consul- one of the Salii, an augur, and princeps senatus.
ship, but soon found himself compelled to return.