nce of the twcnty_dght
colourful
girls who sang and danced in chorus, linking handl around the bed while ai_Hasan 'threw the bed coverings one way and Ibe culhinm another, (ast his nightcap into the air, I.
Hart-Clive-1962-Structure-and-Motif-in-Finnegans-Wake
(193.
29).
No doubt without real;'in!
!
" what he it doing, Shaun is intoning the holy syllable.
Not only i.
AU!
>!
dearly pruent in 'lIws ' E,.
', but the words .
/.
.
.
.
-.
.
;.
, .
.
.
.
;.
_ _ _ ' 'eOQ1.
l\d Kem to uprault respeeti""ly Ihe Waking State, Slttp (with D r e a m s ) , a n d D e e p S l e e p .
} ' u r l b e r , 'A~"III<IU"III' m a y a l s o i n c l u d e the word """'''''''', meaning 'silence'-heu tbe fourth element surrounding and aJIItaining AUM_ that the wbole phrase is equivalent to AUM pi.
.
.
ill concomitant Silence two or tI",:e dmea over.
This typical oonderuation forms the silent pause
marking the end of the major cycle of chapter 1. 7.
The Gripel impertinently asks the Mook:te 10 try 10 explain the mysteries ol th~ univmc to him (1S4-~), including in the
qUeJtion alluliom both to the Female Unity, Ann. . Livia, and to the Male Trinity, AUM: 'allinall . . hout awn . . nd liseiAa~' The Moobe, ofcourse, knows IIOthing ol all uu. and will have
10 be told in 11. 2 by Dolph. , who knew the answen anyway. Earwicker claims, in hil apology, to hav~ been '10 devout q
to pronounce tile holy r. . ::ipe thrice: 'I h. . "" been r<<iping om
, Ia. u. . . wi, ~ . . . . . , Luoodoo~ ,Bn. vol. II, pp. S9-4O- ? SK ,6, 11".
"3
? The Drwm-,slruelw(
omomioou> ! ett~n', b. ,t, . . . . . . . ,al, his uncontrollable Inngue betraY' him. When he finally wakes, OM again appe3n , in the context of th~ e. . . tern philosophy which pervades the opening
ofBook IV,
'Verb umprincipiall1 through the trancitive 'pru:<3 . ? . make ,unlike sylp om this warful dune'l battam'. (594-02-1I)
OM is a . ymbol foe the ! un', which here $hin. . Out ova the yawning gap of the F. dda. a1 Earwicker u,es Sunlight Snap to wash hi, o:aggy huttocb----the 'awful Dane's bottom'.
That J oyce ,bould h"", 'uch important $tructul"al patterns a. the d,. . ,am-cyc1es on 110 little-known a model a, the syllable AUM will of oouru o<:ca. <ion no "'rprise. It is hardly more recondite than Vico', tll~Oru:. and, when undentood, serves to give valuable new dimemioru to the reiativityofFiMtgans W. . . . . . The interplay bety;een individnality and univenality in the AUM Itate, ,. . ,-emph:uiwl the importance of ,ubjeetivity and ambiguity in the book and ultimately alto". , the 'ymbolism of
Book IV to e:<pand toward cosmic proportions, 110 making that final chapter the apoth<:mi. \ of the spirit of mankind that J oyce inlend~d it to be.
Ill: SERIAL DREA~1S (532. 33)
Joyce calb On many minor dream-sources in FiMtgafIJ Wak. in additionInAU~I. TwooftheIIIOI! tfert. ikofth=arestories from the T/rQl<J(jt! d <lNi 0", Nights. 'The Sleeper Awakeoed' i, one ofthe best knownofall the tales and existsin many veruon<, being particularly popular in the ca. t in dramatised form. It
reiat<3 the ~. xperience of one Abu al_H . . . ,an who, from mistrust of friend,hip, would ~ntertain only . trangt:n ill hi, bouse. Olle ~vt:ning, inevitably, he met and took home witb him for tbe evcning the Calif Hamun in di. guisc. When pressed by the Califto ~"",pr= a wish for something ill ,. . ,turll fue bi. ho:! pitality, aI_Hasan replied that M wished ooly to b<' able to change place. with Hamull for a day in ordee to rid the city of a CI<lpulous 'hdkb_ Maroun, amused at the ,uggeot;on, contrived to drog
,I1_E. Hume,TI><TItirim! ~ U~WS. Oxf". -d,'9",p. 4'5. ".
? The Dream-Structure
al_Hasan and have him taken to the palace b. dchamher. There he wa! J put to b. d in the Califs nightdoth. . and the whole palace company ord. ,. . ,d to treat aI_H<uan in the morning exactly'" if he ,. ;",. . , the Calif hi"""lf. Whm awakened, al_ Hasan fuund hirrudf in the e<;ntu of a complete court kvt:e, everybody add. . . ,. . ing him as the CalifHaroun. Atfi. . . t at H<uan thought himself ,ti! ! -w<:<:p and dreaming, but the constant in,i,tence of the assembled company convinced him at last h"
wlU indud HaT<:mn himself. After a day of giving judll""m"nt and making mya! decrtt. '! , during which the unwanted ,heikh w a s di$I~>SCd o f , a i _ H a s a n w , , " l e d t o t h e p l e a ! u " " , o f t h e h a r i m . There he sat in . ucca. ion in four diffe,. . ,nt haH" each full of good things and each attended by . . ven gir\, of varying ,kin- colour who were cI. . . . . ssed in all the hu. . or the rainbow. After al_Ha. an had b. en thoroughly gratified in the b. . t of the halll, one of the girl! drugged him again, on oroe. . . from the Calif, and he w ,," t. aken hack to his own hom". When h. aw<>h: there
he ,till helieved himself to be the Calif "od wa, nOI convinr. <:<l. orh" true identity until after a 'pell in a madhouse. Following hi, release aI_Hasan once again met Haroun ill hi! mercltant d;"guise who, <Orry that his j",t have caused ,u"h ,uffering, peTlmaded al_Halan to entert. ain him once mort: in bi! bou. . . There the Calif drugged the young man again and had him
pJaccdin the royal bed as before. AI-Hasan awoke next morning to find himselfeeremoniornly treated '" Calif. MO$t delightful
of all for him w<u the p,. . ,. .
nce of the twcnty_dght colourful girls who sang and danced in chorus, linking handl around the bed while ai_Hasan 'threw the bed coverings one way and Ibe culhinm another, (ast his nightcap into the air, I. aped from Ibe bcd, tore olf aU IW cloth. . and threw himself among the girt. . , hi? ? abb w. U fOrward and IW bottom har~; jomping, lwi. ting, contoning and shaking hi! b. lly, >abb and boltom, all in a storm ofgrowing laughter'. The Calif, hidden behind a curtain, was so amused that he began to hiccup and r-alled oul in ddight:
'Ahu ai-Hasan, 0 Abu ai_Hasan, havc you ,w<>rn to kill me~' At this the dance ! topped, silenct fell. A1_Ha. an realised hi, errot" and the now . awfied Calif rewardc<i him with a palace,
<05
? The Dr(Oln-Structure
honoun, and One of tbe girt. . . . wife. After a time of rejoicing, however, it occurred to al-II. . . "" that the Calif bad, through overngbt, omitted to provide him wllh a pension. Fnrbidden by di! cretion to . . . k directly for money, al_Rao. an hit upon a pIau. He prdended to be dead, and had hi! wife, Sugarcane, lay him out in the prescribed mann~r in the middk "fthe room, wrapped in a winding-sheet, with ru. turban over ru. face and hi! f<:tOt toward. the Kaaba. Sugarcane then went to the royal
palace witb loud lamentAtions over tbe death of ber busband and . . . . . . . . comforted by tll~ Queen, Zubaidab, who gave ber a ricb <um of money to provide fur al_Hao. an'. funeral. Sugarcane returned to al-lI,"an, called 10 him: 'Rise up now from among the dead, 0 father "f jc3t! ' and togetber they rejoiced Over the money. The jc31 wat tlu:n rept"-'lted, with Sugarcane feigning death and al_Ha"'n re<:eiving condolence and money from the
Calif. Zubaidah and the Calif met, each to console the other for the 1. . ,. . of a favourite and, finding tbat their stories did nOI agree, ",nl Mauurto al_H3. . 1an', palace to discoverwbicb or th. two w. . . in fru:t dead . AI_Hasan decided that the Calif ,hould finl of all be given the advantage, and had Sugarcane again feign death. Mau-ur reported wbat he had. . . ,n to Haroun and
Znbaidah, but the Queen w. . . not convin""d ofM. . . rur'. truth- fulness and . . ,nt her nura<: for cQrroboration. This time al_Hasan
prdende<l to be dead. ill the reporB ,till differed, the Califand the Queen went together, only to find botb al_Hasan and Sug"'- cane stretched OUI . . . . if dead. T he dispute now turned On the point of who had died fin t, and tbe Calif declared that he would give ten tbousand dina. . . to the man who could tell him lhe lrUth mth. mailer. Al_Ha. <an then called out from beneath the . hroud tbat he should receive the money,'" he could tell the Calif tbat it W<U he who had died second, from grief. At this lCeming . pe<:cb from the dead the women ocreamed but the Calif guessed the trutb and realised hi. error in not providing al_H<uan wilb a pernion. A prompt and handsome payment w. . . accordingly made, together with an extra . um to celeb. . . . . te the ruing from {be dead.
Roth parB of th;' farcical. tory fit in perfectly with the design ,06
? Th? Dream-Structure
ofFi1I"'gaJIS Wakt. Abu the Beautiful i9 a type ofShaun, ! he Sou who aspire. to the condition of the Fath. . . After a sleep he awakens on a new plane, having . ymbolically become the Falhcr. I. ike Shaun, he is attended by twenty. . . ,ight rainbow- girls who offer him aIlth. ,aWfaction. of the flesh. They. like the twcnty. . . ,ighl girls in FimugalU Watt, dance in a ring around ai-Hasan, whose phallic prancing remind. ! m that Shaun is a maypole. The oociUatioru from <Inc world to aumher are . -c. fleeted in the many <>scillali""" ofJocale and IOrtune in Fil1lUgans
Watt:
'all? a? dreanu perhapsing under lucksloop at last are through . . . It is a sot <Ifa . wigswag, 'Y'tomy dystomy . ? . ' (597. ~O) The mock deaths and resurrectiono of Ihe 'C<! Qnd part arc perhap' even more relevant. T he alternate 'death. ,' ofmak and female parallel the . wingi ng mak_f~male polarity of ! he hook, while al_Haaan'. speech from under the shroud tteaU, Ihe nutbunt of the revived Finnegan nn hi$ bier.
Apart from the broad corresponden= mentioned above, Ihere a. -c at lelUl two detailed aIlUliom 10 the OIory 10 confirm IhatJ<ryU matk UK ofit. At 597. ~6 it is named, in a conlext
full ofallusions to the Th. ". wul! WI 0 . . . ,Nights: '''''''per awaken. ing', while the ,cis of SCven serving. maid! on their rich carpets are described at J~6"9: 'had 1""<:IIal , ucc"l$ivecoloured sc",hanmaido <In the same big white drawingroam horthrug'.
T he other ,tory from the TlwwaNf ani 0", NiKhtr whichJoyce scelll! to have used for the dream-structure is "111e T wo Lives of Sultan Mahmud'. Thi, is the tal~ of a Sultan who, though
pooscssed of a splendid palace in a . plendid capital, had pmod. of acute dcp",lIion when h e envied Ihe lot of the limple ~ple. One day when he wu more than ~uaUy dejecced h~ w. . . . visited by a wise man from che wt:S1 who cook him COa room in Ihe palace whose four windows looked to th~ four points of che campus. Opening e;oeh window in . ucceS$ion the wise man
caused the Sultan to ha1locinat<: fOur scparate ru. . a. . ten in his realm. Immediately afterward. . Mahmud was led CO a fountain b. . . m whkh "nod in the middle of the room. When he looked into the water the old man roughly forced hi$ face down below
"7
? The DTeam? Stmcture
the l urface. At that ""'1' iruUml the Sultan found him. ! . elf no longer in hill palace, but shipwr<:cl<ed in a fordgn land where he was traruformed into an . . . . and forced to work for five yean at a mill before he wa, able to . . ,gain tbe shape of a man. Still in the strange land of his 'other life', he was being forced by a friwlo,,", law to marry ~ frightful hag whell, with a '. . ,mendo", effon, hi. '. .
marking the end of the major cycle of chapter 1. 7.
The Gripel impertinently asks the Mook:te 10 try 10 explain the mysteries ol th~ univmc to him (1S4-~), including in the
qUeJtion alluliom both to the Female Unity, Ann. . Livia, and to the Male Trinity, AUM: 'allinall . . hout awn . . nd liseiAa~' The Moobe, ofcourse, knows IIOthing ol all uu. and will have
10 be told in 11. 2 by Dolph. , who knew the answen anyway. Earwicker claims, in hil apology, to hav~ been '10 devout q
to pronounce tile holy r. . ::ipe thrice: 'I h. . "" been r<<iping om
, Ia. u. . . wi, ~ . . . . . , Luoodoo~ ,Bn. vol. II, pp. S9-4O- ? SK ,6, 11".
"3
? The Drwm-,slruelw(
omomioou> ! ett~n', b. ,t, . . . . . . . ,al, his uncontrollable Inngue betraY' him. When he finally wakes, OM again appe3n , in the context of th~ e. . . tern philosophy which pervades the opening
ofBook IV,
'Verb umprincipiall1 through the trancitive 'pru:<3 . ? . make ,unlike sylp om this warful dune'l battam'. (594-02-1I)
OM is a . ymbol foe the ! un', which here $hin. . Out ova the yawning gap of the F. dda. a1 Earwicker u,es Sunlight Snap to wash hi, o:aggy huttocb----the 'awful Dane's bottom'.
That J oyce ,bould h"", 'uch important $tructul"al patterns a. the d,. . ,am-cyc1es on 110 little-known a model a, the syllable AUM will of oouru o<:ca. <ion no "'rprise. It is hardly more recondite than Vico', tll~Oru:. and, when undentood, serves to give valuable new dimemioru to the reiativityofFiMtgans W. . . . . . The interplay bety;een individnality and univenality in the AUM Itate, ,. . ,-emph:uiwl the importance of ,ubjeetivity and ambiguity in the book and ultimately alto". , the 'ymbolism of
Book IV to e:<pand toward cosmic proportions, 110 making that final chapter the apoth<:mi. \ of the spirit of mankind that J oyce inlend~d it to be.
Ill: SERIAL DREA~1S (532. 33)
Joyce calb On many minor dream-sources in FiMtgafIJ Wak. in additionInAU~I. TwooftheIIIOI! tfert. ikofth=arestories from the T/rQl<J(jt! d <lNi 0", Nights. 'The Sleeper Awakeoed' i, one ofthe best knownofall the tales and existsin many veruon<, being particularly popular in the ca. t in dramatised form. It
reiat<3 the ~. xperience of one Abu al_H . . . ,an who, from mistrust of friend,hip, would ~ntertain only . trangt:n ill hi, bouse. Olle ~vt:ning, inevitably, he met and took home witb him for tbe evcning the Calif Hamun in di. guisc. When pressed by the Califto ~"",pr= a wish for something ill ,. . ,turll fue bi. ho:! pitality, aI_Hasan replied that M wished ooly to b<' able to change place. with Hamull for a day in ordee to rid the city of a CI<lpulous 'hdkb_ Maroun, amused at the ,uggeot;on, contrived to drog
,I1_E. Hume,TI><TItirim! ~ U~WS. Oxf". -d,'9",p. 4'5. ".
? The Dream-Structure
al_Hasan and have him taken to the palace b. dchamher. There he wa! J put to b. d in the Califs nightdoth. . and the whole palace company ord. ,. . ,d to treat aI_H<uan in the morning exactly'" if he ,. ;",. . , the Calif hi"""lf. Whm awakened, al_ Hasan fuund hirrudf in the e<;ntu of a complete court kvt:e, everybody add. . . ,. . ing him as the CalifHaroun. Atfi. . . t at H<uan thought himself ,ti! ! -w<:<:p and dreaming, but the constant in,i,tence of the assembled company convinced him at last h"
wlU indud HaT<:mn himself. After a day of giving judll""m"nt and making mya! decrtt. '! , during which the unwanted ,heikh w a s di$I~>SCd o f , a i _ H a s a n w , , " l e d t o t h e p l e a ! u " " , o f t h e h a r i m . There he sat in . ucca. ion in four diffe,. . ,nt haH" each full of good things and each attended by . . ven gir\, of varying ,kin- colour who were cI. . . . . ssed in all the hu. . or the rainbow. After al_Ha. an had b. en thoroughly gratified in the b. . t of the halll, one of the girl! drugged him again, on oroe. . . from the Calif, and he w ,," t. aken hack to his own hom". When h. aw<>h: there
he ,till helieved himself to be the Calif "od wa, nOI convinr. <:<l. orh" true identity until after a 'pell in a madhouse. Following hi, release aI_Hasan once again met Haroun ill hi! mercltant d;"guise who, <Orry that his j",t have caused ,u"h ,uffering, peTlmaded al_Halan to entert. ain him once mort: in bi! bou. . . There the Calif drugged the young man again and had him
pJaccdin the royal bed as before. AI-Hasan awoke next morning to find himselfeeremoniornly treated '" Calif. MO$t delightful
of all for him w<u the p,. . ,. .
nce of the twcnty_dght colourful girls who sang and danced in chorus, linking handl around the bed while ai_Hasan 'threw the bed coverings one way and Ibe culhinm another, (ast his nightcap into the air, I. aped from Ibe bcd, tore olf aU IW cloth. . and threw himself among the girt. . , hi? ? abb w. U fOrward and IW bottom har~; jomping, lwi. ting, contoning and shaking hi! b. lly, >abb and boltom, all in a storm ofgrowing laughter'. The Calif, hidden behind a curtain, was so amused that he began to hiccup and r-alled oul in ddight:
'Ahu ai-Hasan, 0 Abu ai_Hasan, havc you ,w<>rn to kill me~' At this the dance ! topped, silenct fell. A1_Ha. an realised hi, errot" and the now . awfied Calif rewardc<i him with a palace,
<05
? The Dr(Oln-Structure
honoun, and One of tbe girt. . . . wife. After a time of rejoicing, however, it occurred to al-II. . . "" that the Calif bad, through overngbt, omitted to provide him wllh a pension. Fnrbidden by di! cretion to . . . k directly for money, al_Rao. an hit upon a pIau. He prdended to be dead, and had hi! wife, Sugarcane, lay him out in the prescribed mann~r in the middk "fthe room, wrapped in a winding-sheet, with ru. turban over ru. face and hi! f<:tOt toward. the Kaaba. Sugarcane then went to the royal
palace witb loud lamentAtions over tbe death of ber busband and . . . . . . . . comforted by tll~ Queen, Zubaidab, who gave ber a ricb <um of money to provide fur al_Hao. an'. funeral. Sugarcane returned to al-lI,"an, called 10 him: 'Rise up now from among the dead, 0 father "f jc3t! ' and togetber they rejoiced Over the money. The jc31 wat tlu:n rept"-'lted, with Sugarcane feigning death and al_Ha"'n re<:eiving condolence and money from the
Calif. Zubaidah and the Calif met, each to console the other for the 1. . ,. . of a favourite and, finding tbat their stories did nOI agree, ",nl Mauurto al_H3. . 1an', palace to discoverwbicb or th. two w. . . in fru:t dead . AI_Hasan decided that the Calif ,hould finl of all be given the advantage, and had Sugarcane again feign death. Mau-ur reported wbat he had. . . ,n to Haroun and
Znbaidah, but the Queen w. . . not convin""d ofM. . . rur'. truth- fulness and . . ,nt her nura<: for cQrroboration. This time al_Hasan
prdende<l to be dead. ill the reporB ,till differed, the Califand the Queen went together, only to find botb al_Hasan and Sug"'- cane stretched OUI . . . . if dead. T he dispute now turned On the point of who had died fin t, and tbe Calif declared that he would give ten tbousand dina. . . to the man who could tell him lhe lrUth mth. mailer. Al_Ha. <an then called out from beneath the . hroud tbat he should receive the money,'" he could tell the Calif tbat it W<U he who had died second, from grief. At this lCeming . pe<:cb from the dead the women ocreamed but the Calif guessed the trutb and realised hi. error in not providing al_H<uan wilb a pernion. A prompt and handsome payment w. . . accordingly made, together with an extra . um to celeb. . . . . te the ruing from {be dead.
Roth parB of th;' farcical. tory fit in perfectly with the design ,06
? Th? Dream-Structure
ofFi1I"'gaJIS Wakt. Abu the Beautiful i9 a type ofShaun, ! he Sou who aspire. to the condition of the Fath. . . After a sleep he awakens on a new plane, having . ymbolically become the Falhcr. I. ike Shaun, he is attended by twenty. . . ,ight rainbow- girls who offer him aIlth. ,aWfaction. of the flesh. They. like the twcnty. . . ,ighl girls in FimugalU Watt, dance in a ring around ai-Hasan, whose phallic prancing remind. ! m that Shaun is a maypole. The oociUatioru from <Inc world to aumher are . -c. fleeted in the many <>scillali""" ofJocale and IOrtune in Fil1lUgans
Watt:
'all? a? dreanu perhapsing under lucksloop at last are through . . . It is a sot <Ifa . wigswag, 'Y'tomy dystomy . ? . ' (597. ~O) The mock deaths and resurrectiono of Ihe 'C<! Qnd part arc perhap' even more relevant. T he alternate 'death. ,' ofmak and female parallel the . wingi ng mak_f~male polarity of ! he hook, while al_Haaan'. speech from under the shroud tteaU, Ihe nutbunt of the revived Finnegan nn hi$ bier.
Apart from the broad corresponden= mentioned above, Ihere a. -c at lelUl two detailed aIlUliom 10 the OIory 10 confirm IhatJ<ryU matk UK ofit. At 597. ~6 it is named, in a conlext
full ofallusions to the Th. ". wul! WI 0 . . . ,Nights: '''''''per awaken. ing', while the ,cis of SCven serving. maid! on their rich carpets are described at J~6"9: 'had 1""<:IIal , ucc"l$ivecoloured sc",hanmaido <In the same big white drawingroam horthrug'.
T he other ,tory from the TlwwaNf ani 0", NiKhtr whichJoyce scelll! to have used for the dream-structure is "111e T wo Lives of Sultan Mahmud'. Thi, is the tal~ of a Sultan who, though
pooscssed of a splendid palace in a . plendid capital, had pmod. of acute dcp",lIion when h e envied Ihe lot of the limple ~ple. One day when he wu more than ~uaUy dejecced h~ w. . . . visited by a wise man from che wt:S1 who cook him COa room in Ihe palace whose four windows looked to th~ four points of che campus. Opening e;oeh window in . ucceS$ion the wise man
caused the Sultan to ha1locinat<: fOur scparate ru. . a. . ten in his realm. Immediately afterward. . Mahmud was led CO a fountain b. . . m whkh "nod in the middle of the room. When he looked into the water the old man roughly forced hi$ face down below
"7
? The DTeam? Stmcture
the l urface. At that ""'1' iruUml the Sultan found him. ! . elf no longer in hill palace, but shipwr<:cl<ed in a fordgn land where he was traruformed into an . . . . and forced to work for five yean at a mill before he wa, able to . . ,gain tbe shape of a man. Still in the strange land of his 'other life', he was being forced by a friwlo,,", law to marry ~ frightful hag whell, with a '. . ,mendo", effon, hi. '. .
