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C. NONIUS Aspresas, island Asteria (the island which had fallen from
was a performer in the Trojae lusus under Augus- heaven like a star), or Ortygin, afterwards called
tus, and in consequence of an injury which he sug- Delos. (Apollod. i. 2. $ 2, 4. $ 1; Athen. ix. p.
tained from a fall in the game, he received a golden 392 ; Hygin. Fub. 53; Callimach. Hymn. in Del.
chain from Augustus, and was allowed to assume 37; Serv. ad Aen. iii. 73. ) There are several other
the surname of Torquatus, both for himself and his mythical personages of this name, -one a daughter
posterity. (Suet. Oct. 43. )
of Alcyoneus (ALCYONIDES); a second, one of the
2. L. Asprenas, a legate under his maternal Danaids (Apollod. q. 1. $ 5); a third, a daughter of
uncle, Varus, a. D. 10, preserved the Roman army Atlas (Hygin. Fub. 250, where, perhaps, Asterope
from total destruction after the death of Varus. is to be read); and a fourth, a daughter of Hydis,
(Dion Cass. lvi. 22; Vell. Pat. ii. 120. ) He is who became by Bellerophontes the mother of Hy-
probably the same as the L. Nonius Asprenas who dissus, the founder of Hydissus in Caria. (Steph.
was consul A. D. 6, and as the L. Asprenas men- Byz. s. v. 'Tdogós. )
(L. S. )
tioned by Tacitus, who was proconsul of Africa at ASTE’RION or ASTEʻRIUS ('Aoteplov or
the death of Augustus, A. D. 14, and who, accord- | 'Aotépios). 1. A son of Teutamus, and king of
ing to some accounts, sent soldiers, at the command the Cretans, who married Europa after she had
of Tiberius, to kill Sempronius Gracchus. (Tac been carried to Crete by Zeus. He also brought
Ann. i. 53. ) He is mentioned again by Tacitus, up the three sons, Minos, Sarpedon, and Rhada-
under A. D. 20. (Ann. iii. 18. )
manthys whom she had by the father of the gods,
3. P. Nonius ASPRENAS, consul, A. D. 38. (Apollod. ii. 1. $ 2, &c. ; Diod. iv. 60. )
(Dion Cass. lix. 9; Frontinus, de Aquaeduct. c. 13. ) 2. A son of Cometes, Pyremus, or Priscus, by
4. I. . Nonius Aspreras and P. Nonius As Antigone, the daughter of Pheres. He is men-
PRENAS are two orators frequently introduced as tioned as one of the Argonauts. (Apollon. Rhod.
speakers in the Controversiae (1-4, 8, 10, 11, &c. ) i. 35; Paus. v. 17. $ 4; Hygin. Fab. 14; Valer.
of M. Seneca.
Flacc. i. 355. ) There are two more mythical per-
ASPRENAS, CALPU'RNIUS, appointed go- sonages of this name, one a river-god (ACRALA),
vernor of Galatia and Pamphylia by Galba, a. D. and the second a son of Minos, who was slain by
70, induced the partisans of the counterfeit Nero Theseus. (Paus. ii. 31. $ 1. )
[L. S. )
to put him to death. (Tac. Hist. ii. 9. )
ASTERION ('Artepiww), a statuary, the son of
ASSAON. (N10BE. ]
a man named Aeschylus. Pausanias (vi. 3. $ 1)
ASSALECTUS, a Roman sculptor, whose name mentions a statue oi Chaereas, a Sicyonian pugilist,
is found upon an extant statue of Aesculapius by which was of his workmanship. (C. P. M. ]
him, of the merit of which Winckelmann (Gesch. d. ASTE’RIUS ('Artépios), a son of Anax and
K. viii. 4. & 5) speaks slightingly. [C. P. M. ] grandson of Ge. According to a Milesian legend,
ASSARACUS ('Aooápakos), a son of Tros he was buried in the small island of Lade, and
and Calirrhoë, the daughter of Scamander. He his body measured ten cubits in length. (Paus.
was king of Troy, and busband of Hieromneme, by i. 35. § 5, vii. 2. $ 3. ) There are four other my-
whom he became the father of Capys, the father of thical personages of this name, who are mentioned
Anchises. (Hom. Il. xx. 232, &c. ; Apollod. iii. in the following passages : Apollod. ii. 1. $ 4;
12. $ 2; Serv. ad Virg. Georg. iii. 35 ; Aen. viii. Apollon. Rhod. i. 176; Apollod. i. 9. $ 9; Hygin.
130. )
[L. S. ) Fab. 170.
[L. S. ]
ASSE’SIA ('Aconcía), a surname of Athena, ASTE’RIUS ('Agrépos), succeeded Eulalius as
derived from the town of Assesus in Ionia, where bishop of Amaseia in Pontus, in the latter part of
she had a temple. (Herod. i. 19. ) [L. S. ] the fourth century. He had been educated in his
ASSTEAS or ASTEAS, a painter, whose name youth by a Scythian slave. Several of his homilies
is found upon a
vase of his workmanship, dis- are still extant, and extracts from others, which
covered at Paestum, and now preserved in the have perished, have been preserved by Photius.
Royal Museum at Naples. (Winckelmann, Gesch. (Cod. 271. ) He belonged to the orthodox party
d. K. ii. Anm. 778. )
[C. P. M. ] in the Arian controversy, and seems to have lived
A'STACUS ('Aotakos). 1. A son of Poseidon to a great age.
and the nymph Olbia, from whom the town of As- Fabricius (Bill. Graec. ix. p. 519, &c. ) gives a
tacus in Bithynia, which was afterwards called list of 25 other persons of this name, many of
Nicomedeia, derived its name. (Arrian. ap. Steph. whom were dignitaries of the church, and lived
Byz. s. r. ; Paus. v. 12. & 5; Strab. xii. p. 563. ) about the end of the fourth or the beginning of the
2. The father of Ismarus, Leades, Asphodicus, fifth century. Among them we may notice As-
and Melanippus, whence Ovid calls the lasi of terius, a Cappadocian, who embraced Christianity,
these heroes Astacides. (Apollod. iii. 6. § 8; , but apostatized in the persecution under Diocletian
Ovid, luis, 515. )
[L, S. ] and Maximian (about A. D. 304). He subse-


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ASTRATEIA.
389
ASTYAGES.
quently returned to the Christian faith, and joined | mis, under which she had a temple near Pyrrhich 18
the Arian party, but on account of his apostasy in Laconin, because she was believed to have stopped
was excluded from the dignity of bishop to which there the progress of the Amazons. (Paus. iii. 25.
he aspired. He was the author of several theolo- $ 2. )
(L. S. ]
gical works. There was also an Asterius of Scy- ASTY'AGES ('Aotváyns), king of Media,
thopolis, whom St. Jerome (Epist. 83, ad Magnum (called by Ctesias 'Aotviyas, and by Diodorus
Orat. ) mentions as one of the most celebrated eccle l'Actádas), was the son and successor of Cyaxares.
siastical writers.
[C. P. M. ) The accounts of this king given by Herodotus,
ASTERIUS, TURCIUS RUFUS APRONI. Ctesias, and Xenophon, differ in several important
A'NUS, was consul A. D. 494, devoted himself to particulars. We learn from Herodotus (i. 74), that
literary pursuits, and emended a MS. of Sedulius, in the compact made between Cyaxares and Aly-
and one of Virgil, on which he wrote an epigram. attes in B. c. 610, it was agreed that Astyages
(Anth. Lat. No. 281, ed. Meyer. ) [C. P. M. ] should marry Aryenis, the daughter of Alyattes.
ASTERODIA. (ENDYMION. )
According to the chronology of Herodotus, he suc-
ASTEROPAEUS ('Aotepowałos), a son of Pe ceeded his father in B. C. 595, and reigned 35
legon, and grandson of the river-god Axius, was years. (i. 130. ) His government was harsh. (i.
the commander of the Paeonians in the Trojan | 123. ) Alarmed by a dream, he gave his daughter
war, and an ally of the Trojans. He was the Mandane in marriage to Cambyses, a Persian of
tallest among all the inen, and fought with Achilles, good family. (i. 107. ) Another dream induced
whom he at first wounded, but was afterwards him to send Harpagus to destroy the offspring of
killed by him. (Hom. Il. xxi. 139, &c. ; Philostr. this marriage. The child, the future conqueror of
Heroic. xix. 7. )
(L. S. ] the Medes, was given to a herdsman to expose,
ASTE’ROPE ('Aotepóarn), two mythical per- but he brought it up as his own. Years after-
sonages : see Acragas and A ESACUS. (L. S. ) wards, circumstances occurred which brought the
ASTEROPEIA ('AoTepóteia), two mythical young Cyrus under the notice of Astyages, who,
personages, one a daughter of Pelias, who in con- on inquiry, discovered his parentage. He inflicted
junction with her sisters murdered her father a cruel punishment on Harpagus, who waited his
(Paus, viii. 11. § 2); and the second a daughter of time for revenge. When Cyrus had grown up to
Deion and Diomede. (Apollod. i. 9. $ 4. ) [L. S. ] man's estate, Harpagus induced him to instigate
ASTRA'BACUS ('Aotpábakos), a son of Irbus the Persians to revolt, and, having been appointed
and brother of Alopecus, was a Laconian hero of general of the Median forces, he deserted with the
the royal house of Agis. He and his brother found greater part of them to Cyrus. Astyages was
the statue of Artemis Orthia in a bush, and be taken prisoner, and Cyrus mounted the throne.
came mad at the sight of it. He is said to have He treated the captive monarch with mildness,
been the father of Damaratus by the wife of Aris- but kept him in confinement till his death.
ton. He had a sanctuary at Sparta, and was Ctesias agrees with Herodotus in making Asty-
worshipped there as a hero. (Herod. vi. 69; Paus. ages the last king of the Medes, but says, that
iii. 16. & 5, &c. )
(LS. )
Cyrus was in no way related to him till he married
ASTRAEA ('Aotpaia), a daughter of Zeus and his daughter Amytis. When Astyages was as
Themis, or according to others, of Astraeus by Eos. tacked by Cyrus, he fled to Ecbatana, and was
During the golden age, this star-bright maiden concealed in the palace by Amytis and her husband
lived on earth and among men, whom she blessed; Spitamas, but discovered himself to his pursuers,
but when that age had passed away, Astraea, who to prerent his daughter and her husband and chil-
tarried longest among men, withdrew, and was dren from being put to the torture to induce them to
placed among the stars. (Hygin. Poet. Astr. ii. 25; reveal where he was hidden. He was loaded with
Eratost. Catast. 9; Ov. Met. i. 149. ) (L. S. ] chains by Oebaras, but soon afterwards was liberated
ASTRAEUS ('Aotpalos), a Titan and son of | by Cyrus, who treated him with great respect, and
Crius and Eurybia. By Eos he became the father made him governor of the Barcanii
, a Parthian
of the winds Zephyrus, Boreas, and Notus, Eos- people on the borders of Hyrcania. Spitamas
phorus (the morning star), and all the stars of was subsequently put to death by the orders of
heaven. (Hesiod. Theog. 376, &c. ) Ovid (Met. Cyrus, who married Amytis. Some time after,
xiv. 545) calls the winds fratres Astraci, which Amytis and Cyrus being desirous of seeing Asty-
does not mean that they were brothers of Astraeus, ages, a eunuch named Perisaces was sent to escort
but brothers through Astraeus, their common fa- him from his satrapy, but, at the instigation of
ther.
[L. S. ] Debaras, left him to perish in a desert region.
ASTRAMPSY'CHUS, a name bome by some The crime was revealed by means of a dream, and
of the ancient Persian Magians. (Diog. Laërt. Amytis took a cruel revenge on Petisaces. The
prooem. 2; Suidas, s. v. Máyou. ) There is still body of Astyages was found, and buried with all
extant under this name a Greek poem, consisting due honours. We are told that, in the course of
of 101 iambic verses, on the interpretation of his reign, Astrages had waged war with the Bac-
dreams ('OVELPOKPITIKOV), printed in Rigault's trians with doubtful success. (Ctes. ap. Phot. Cod.
edition of Artemidorus, in the collections of Obso- 72. p. 36, ed. Bekker. )
poeus and Servais Galle, and in J. C. Bulenger, Xenophon, like Herodotus, makes Cyrus the
de Ration. Divinat. v. 5. The poem is a compara- grandson of Astyages, but says, that Astyages was
tirely modern composition (not earlier than the succeeded by bis son Cyaxares 11. , on whose death
fourth century after Christ), and the name of the Cyrus succeeded to the vacant throne. (Cyrop. i.
author is perhaps an assumed one. Suidas (s. r. ) 5. § 2. ) This account seems to tally better with
also ascribes to the same author a treatise on the the notices contained in the book of Daniel. (v. 31,
discases of asses, and their cure. (Fabric. Bill. vi. 1, ix. l. ). Dareius the Mede, mentioned there
Gracc. iv. p. 152, v. p. 265, xi. p.