No More Learning

1
Berad(s), invaded by Dilir Khan,
256; try to relieve Bijapur; trouble-
some in Deccan, 294; harass Aur-
angzib, 296-7; allied with Mara-
thas, 297
Berar, 82; annexed by Ahmadnagar,
118; invasion by Mughuls, 137; ced-
ed to Akbar, 143; invaded by An-
madnagar, 145; Malik 'Ambar de-
feats Mughuls in, 148, 261; raided by
Shivaji, 259; invaded by Fath Khan,
263; recovered by Shah Jahan,
264; raided by Amrit Rao, 294; by
Nima Sindia, 313; by Bakht Buland,
314; governed by Raghuji Bhonsle,
365; its population, 378; encroach-


## p. 641 (#683) ############################################

INDEX
641
Berar (continued)
Bhim Singh (of Mewar), 249
ed on by Bhonsles, 379, 383; land Bhir, see Bir
:evenue of, 464
Bhiwandi, 257
Bernier, François, 227, 236, 271, 471, Bhoj, 101
481 nn. 1 and 2
Bhongaon, 35
Betavad, 381
Bhonsles (of Nagpur) conquer Gond
Beveridge, A. S. , 83 n. 2
rajas, 365, 379; see also Raghuji
Beveridge, H. , 169 n. 1
Bhopal, inconclusive battle between
Beydurs, see Berad(s), 298 n. 2
Marathas and Nizam-ul-Mulk near,
Bhadawar besieged by Malhar Rao, 365, 403-4
356
Bhor Ghat, 393
Bhadon, 557
Bhushangarh, 297
Bhagavad Gita, 426
Biana, see Bayana
Bhagavan, 426
Biban, 10, 17
Bhagu, 238
Bibi-ki-Masjid, 575
Bhagwa Jhanda, 416, 422, 427
Bicholim, 283
Bhagwan Das, Raja, 81, 96, 98, 101, Bidai Chand, 103
102, 105, 109; dissents from "Divine Bidar, captured by Aurangzib, 209,
Faith", 129; sent against Kabul, 134; 271; annexed by Bijapur, 269;
invades Kashmir, 135; attempts plundered by Malik 'Ambar, 262;
suicide, 136; death of, 138
occupied by Khan Dauran, but
Bhagwangola, 312
restored to Bijapur, 267; raided by
Phagwant (Bundela), 306
Janoji, 389; Nizam 'Ali at, 391
Bhagwant Rai rebels in Kora, 355 Bidar Bakht, Mu'izz-ud-din, 294, 295;
Bhairowal, 157
defeats Durga Das, 304; defeats
Bhakkar, 37, 38, 39
Jats, 305; governs Malwa, 313; 315;
Bhakta Vijaya, 427
killed at battle of Jajau, 320
Bhakti, 426
Biddulph, C. E. , 216 n. 2; on piracy,
Bhalki, 189, 264, 389
309
Bhamo, 497, 516, 518
Bigandet, 500 n. 1
Bhander, 195
bigha, 460
bhang, 230
Bihar (province), military rebellion
Bhao Sahib, see Sadashiv Rao; term in, 125, 126, 132; peace restored,
explained, 446 n. 1
139; occupied by Shah Jahan in
Bharatpur, dynasty founded, 305, rebellion, 172; plundered by Ganga
348; 418
Ram, 306; governed by 'Ali Vardi
Bhasawar, 62
Khan, 364; plundered by Raghuji,
Bhaskar Pant, invades Bengal, 367;
441
expelled, 368; killed by 'Ali Vardi Bihar (town), 306
Khan, 408
Bihari Mal, Raja, 81, 97, 102
Bhath, 87, 101
Bihar Khan (Sultan Muhammad), 11,
Bhatinda, 78
15, 46
Ehera, 9, 10, 36, 94; Akbar's vision Bihar Khan, governor of Handiya, 62
at, 119, 120
Bihishtabad, 153
Bhils, 192, 315
Bijagarh, 82
Bhilsa, 16, 342
Bijapur (kingdom), Akbar sends en-
Bhima, 198
voy to, 139; sultan of sends tribute,
Bhimsen on Maratha warfare, 300
140; congratulates Akbar on taking
Bhim Singh Hara (of Kotah), 342
Ahmadnagar, 147; restores area
Bhim Singh, Kunwar, 172, 173
taken from Ahmadnagar, 165; re-
41


## p. 642 (#684) ############################################

642
INDEX
Bijapur (continued)
conciled to Golconda, 168; pays tri-
bute to Mughuls, 169; invaded by
Malik 'Ambar, 173; dynastic dispute
in, 188; invaded by Asaf Khan, 189,
264; repels him, 190, 265; attacks
Ahmadnagar, 192, 263; aids Ah-
madnagar against Mughuls, 193;
fresh disputes in, 195; submits to
Shah Jahan, 196; well governed,
and expanding 208-9; attacked by
Aurangzib on accession of 'Ali 'Adil
Shah II, 209, 271; operations against
1666-80; Mughul relations with,
253; invaded by Jay Singh, 254-5;
rival ministers in and invaded by
Bahadur Khan, 255; invaded by
Shivaji and by Dilir Khan, 259;
annexes Bidar, 260; at war with
Shivaji and agrees to pay him
chauth, 273; invaded by A'zam, 283;
free from Mughul attacks, 284;
finally subdued, 285-6; its wealth,
378
Bijapur (town), besieged by Aurang-
zib, 271; by Dilir Khan, 278; taken
by Aurangzib and decays, 285-6;
called Dar-uz-Zafar, 286; Kam
Bakhsh crowned at, 321; ceded to
Marathas, 413; buildings at, 570-4
Bijay Singh (of Amber), 321
Bikaner, 157, 246, 333; palace at, 548
Bikramajit (of Orchha), 184, 185, 187
Bikramajit, Raja (Patr Das, Rai Ra-
yan), 149, 166, 168; his death, 171
Bilgram, 27, 430
Bilhapur, 402
Bilochpur, Shah Jahan defeated at,
171; 'Abdullah Khan defeated at,
345
Bimaristan, 166
Binnya Dala, Talaing minister, 489,
490
Binnya Dala, Talaing puppet king,
503
Bir, 145, 186, 262
Birbal, Raja, 103; accepts "Divine
Faith", 131; attacks Yusufzais and
is slain, 135; his house at Fathpur
Sikri, 542-3
Birbal, Raja, see Mitra Sen Nagar, ? 40
Bir Bhan, 55 n. 2
Bir Narayan, 88
Bir Singh, error for Bir Bhan, q. v.
Bir Singh Deo (Bundela), murders
Abu-'l-Fazl, 149, 184; 150; made
Raja by Jahangir, 156; his death,
184
Bishan Singh, Raja (of Ambar), sent
against Jats, 305
Bist, 205, 206
Bithli, 227
Black Hole, 364 n. 2
Blochmann, 111, 113
Blood, taboo on shedding royal, 499
n. 1
Blunt, E. A. H. , 152 n. 1
Bodawpaya, king of Burma, 482, 522
Bohras, 232, 315
Bolan pass, 227
Bombay ceded to English, 406
Botelho, Luis, 405
Bowrey, 481 n. 1
Brahmapuri, 290; Aurangzib's head-
quarters, 296-7
Braj, 221
Bridge at Jaunpur, 535
Bridgman, Henry (alias Evory), 309
Briggs, 392 n. 2
Brindaban, 547
Broach, 315
Brotherhood, 451-2
Bruno, 506, 509
Budaun, 369; Bangash attack Rohillas
at, 429
Buddermokan, 476
Buddha Tooth, 489, 490, 494, 497
Buddhism, in Arakan, 476; combined
with Islam, 477; in Ceylon, 480
Buddhu, 560
Budh, see Shaikh Budh
Budh Singh Hara (of Bundi), opposes
Sayyids and fights Bhim Singh of
Kotah, 341-2
Puhlul Khan, see 'Abdul-Karim Buh-
lul Khan (of Bijapur), 255, 274
Buhlul (Shaikh), see Shaikh Phul
Buhlul Lodi, 9, 45, 55
Buhlul Malik (I'timad Khan), 84
Bukhara, 2, 4, 7, 202-3, 229
>
>


## p. 643 (#685) ############################################

INDEX
643
called to coast, 390, 412; 413
Buzurg Ummed Khan, 237
Buland Akhtar, 224, 303, 304
Buland Darwaza, 544, 545-6
Bulaqi, see Dawar Bakhsh, 183
Bullion, 307, 317
Bundela (Rajputs), 117
Bundele, see Govind Pant Kher, 402
Bundelkhand, rebellion in, 184; Ju-
jhar Singh rebels in, 194; rising
quelled, 195; Champat Rai rebels
in, 201; Maratha incursions in, 290;
Baji Rao invades, 353
Bundi, 117, 303, 341
Burdwan, 112; taken by Shah Jahan,
172; Marathas surround 'Ali Vardi
Khan at, 367, 442
Burhan I (of Ahmadnagar), 148
Burhan Nizam Shah II, 138, 139; re-
fuses submission to Akbar, 140
Burhanpur, beset by Deccan powers,
168, 262; assessment of, 242; looted
by Marathas, 281; occupied by Ni-
zam-ul-Mulk, 343; walls of rebuilt
by Nizam, 384; ceded to Marathas,
413; buildings at, 575
Burhan-ud-din (of Ahmadnagar),
see Burhan Nizam Shah II, 138
Burhan-ud-din, title of Jahangir, 156
Cabral, Antonio, 106, 121
Cachar, 520
Calcutta founded by Charnock, 308
Caliphs, 324
Cambay, visited by Humayun, 24; by
Akbar, 104
Cambodia, 520
Canals, made by Firuz Shah, by 'Ali
Mardan Khan, 201, 359; by Nizam-
ul-Mulk, 385; at Mrohaung, 477;
supply Delhi fort, 557
Careri, Dr Gemelli, 318
Carnatic, Golconda acquisitions in,
207; conquered by Shivaji, 240, 259,
276; Golconda annexations in, 261,
267; invaded by Bijapur, 267; plun-
dered by Dilir Khan, 278; eastern
part of taken by Aurangzib, 290; its
division between Golconda and
Bijapur, 291; Santaji and Dhana in
eastern, 294; Dost 'Ali killed in,
365, 408; Nizam's conquests in, 368;
its riches, 378; invaded by Muzaffar
Jang, 386-7; tribute of ceded to
Marathas, 388; increase of English
power in, 390; raided by Balaji, 412
Caste abolished by Sikhs, 246
Castration forbidden, 231
Cesses, forbidden by Aurangzib, 231,
449, 469; by Firuz Tughlug, Akbar
and Jahangir, 449 and n. 1; impos-
sible to estimate yield of, 450;
abuses in, 470; in Bengal, 473
Ceylon, visited by Arakanese priests,
480; Buddha Tooth of, 489
Chaghatai, 19
Chainpur Chaund, 46 n. 1
Chakan, 257, 267, 268, 392
Chakks, 60, 198
Chakradhvaj, 235
Chalisgaon, 187
Chamiari, 73
Chamkaur, 246
Champaner, besieged by Humayun,
n. 1
2
Burhan-ud-din, Shah, his tomb, 383
Burhan-ul-Mulk (Sa'adat Khan,
q. v. ),
24; stormed, 25; 26; lost by Mu-
ghuls, 27; mosques at, 575
becomes viceroy of Oudh,
348; defeats Bhagwant Rai, 355; re-
pels Malhar Rao, 356, 403; sum-
moned against Nadir Shah, 358;
attacks him, 359; taken prisoner
and treats wtih Nadir Shah, 360;
dies and succeeded by Safdar Jang,
362
Burma, lower, attacked by Tabin-
shwehti, 483; desolated by Arakan,
494
Burma, upper, controlled by Tabinsh-
wehti, 482; by Bayinnaung, 486;
court returns to, 496; raided by
Chinese, 498; occupied by Talaings,
503; invaded by Chinese 514
Burneby, 500
Eurney, 494, 517 n. 1
Bussey, supports Salabat Jang, 387,
286, 433; seizes Hyderabad, 389; re-
-


## p. 644 (#686) ############################################

617
INDEX
9
Champat Rai (Bundela), becomes Cheto-Barda, 311
leader, 200; enters Mughul service, Chhabela Ram Nagar, deserts to Far-
201; aids Aurangzib's revolt, 213; rukh-siyar, 327; in battle against
rebels again, 230
Jahandar Shah, 328; favours Niku-
Chanda, 314
siyar, 340; governor of Allahabad,
Chanda Sahib, seizes Trichinopoly, dies, 341
and imprisoned, 384, 408; escapes Chhatrapati, 259, 380, 410
and takes Arcot, 386-7; 433
Chhatra Sal (Bundela), 306; invites
Chandan, 298
Marathas to Malwa, his career as
Chanderi, 16, 17, 47, 52, 53
rebel, 313-14; fights against Sikhs,
Chandor, 187, 259
323
Chandpur, 444
Chicacole, 389
Chandra Bhan, 220
Chid Rup, 165, 217 n. 2
Chandra Rao, Raja (of Javli), 269 Chiengmai, annexed by Bayinnaung,
Chandra Sen Jadav, 380; supports 486; lacquer work, 487; captive
Kolhapur party, 393, 399
prince of, 488; vassal king of, 490;
Chand Sultan (of Ahmadnagar), 143, taken by Anaukpetlun, 495; sends
145, 147
tribute to Alaungpaya, 510; taken
Chand Sultan (of Deogarh), 314
by Thihapate, 514
Chardin, 560
Child, Sir John, 309
Charnock, Job, expelled from Bengal Child, Sir Josia, 308
but returns and founds Calcutta, Chilkia, 431
308
Chimaji Appa, takes refuge in Purar-
Chauburji, 561
dar, 381; raids Burhanpur, 383; 396;
chaudhri, 452
invades Gujarat, 401; takes Bassein,
Chauhan Thakurs, 35
405-6; his death, 407
Chaumahalla, palace, 389
Chimaji Damodar, 380
Chaund, 46, 47
China, Chinese, ravage Burma, 497-3;
Chauragarh, taken by Asaf Khan, 88; invade upper Burma, 514, 516-17
by Jujhar Singh, 195
Chingiz, 19
Chausa, 31; battle at, 33, 51
Chingiz Khan (of Ahmadnagar), 143
chauth, first levied by Shivaji, 259; in Chingiz Khan (of Gujarat), 89, 100
Bijapur and Golconda, 273; in Car- Chini ka Rauza, 561
natic, 276; in Malkhed, 294; local Chin Qilich Khan, member of Turani
Mughul officers agree to pay, 296; party, 319; becomes Nizam-ul-
widely levied, 297; paid on customs Mulk (q. v. )
by Mughuls, 303; collected by Chintaman, 241
Chhatra Sal, 313; in Gujarat, 315, Chintamani, 221
398; promised to Shahu by Husain Chin Timur Sultan, 12, 17
'Ali, 338, 378, 395; in Gujarat, 351, Chitaldroog, 294, 295
352; in Hyderabad, 355, 379, 382; Chitor, 10, 22; taken by Bahadur
claimed in Bengal, 368; of Deccan Shah, 23; 54, 98; description of, 97;
given to Shahu, 392; defined, 392 captured by Akbar, 98-9; held by
n. 1; of the sea, 394, 404; granted by Sagar Singh, 158; not to be re-
Farrukh-siyar, 395; by Muhammad fortified, 161; new works at demu-
Shah, 396; preferred by Balaji lished, 207; temples at destroyed,
Peshwa to territory, 396; of Bengal 242, 249
ceded by 'Ali Vardi Khan, 408; led Chitpavan (Brahman), 393, 397, 400,
to disuse of assignments, 472
407, 418
Cheros, 201
Chittagong, its pirates, 190, 236-7, 473,


## p. 645 (#687) ############################################

INDEX
645
>
Chittagong (continued)
481-2; conquered by Shayista Khan,
229, 236-7; scheme by English to
annex, 308; held by Arakanese, 477;
Portuguese settlers at, 478
Chivers, 310
Christians, 240
Chunar, invested by Humayun, 22, 50;
438; of Minbin, 478; of Arakan, 480
Colgong, see Kahalgaon
Colombo, 489
Commander of the Faithful, 240
Commerce, see Trade
Conjeveram, 290, 291, 292, 295
Constantinople, 229
Contract, 454
Cooch Behar, 144, 233, 234, 236
Copper, 317
Cordier, 499 n. 4, 501 n. 1, 2, 502 n. 1,
517 n. 1
Cossacks, Marathas compared to, 381
Cotton, goods, 317; raw sold by
Burma to China, 518
Couto, 485 n. 3
Cow-killing, stopped in Marwar, 333;
permitted in Ajmer, 347
Crawfurd, 502 n. 1, 513 n. 1, 514 n. 1,
517 n. 1
Cromwell, 246
Crown lands (= khalsa, or khalsa
sharifa), 109; sacred areas in Orissa
classed as, 139; Kashmir becomes
crown land, 140; taxes in abolished
by Aurangzib, 231; Aurangzib's de-
mand from, 316; farmed by Mu-
hammad Shah, 349; peculation in,
350-1
Curiosities, 317
Customs dues, 181; used to oppress
Hindus, 242-3; commuted in Ben-
gal, disputes with Aurangzib's
officers over, 307; their yield under
Aurangzib, 316; central source of
revenue, 449; value at Surat, 450;
in Burma, 479; in Tenasserim, 488;
at Pegu, 491
Cutch, 226
Cuttack, 441, 442
Cutwa, see Katwa, 367
Dabar, 323
Dacca, Shah Shuja' at, 226, devastated
again besieged, 28; captured, 29; ac-
quisition by Sher Khan, 49; seized
by Adil Shah, 64; Adil Shah's capi-
tal, 69; taken by Akbar's forces, 81;
Akbar's first visit to, 93
Churaman (Brahman), 50
Churaman (Jat), becomes leader, 305;
joins Jahandar Shah at Agra, 328;
loots camps, 329; resists Raja Jay
Singh, 336; plunders at battle of
Bilochpur, rebels and poisons him-
self, 348
Clive, suppresses Angria, 394; at
Plassey, 423 n. 1, 443; marches
against 'Ali Gauhar, 444
Coel, see Kol
Coins, struck by Humayun at Mandu
and Champaner, 25; by Kamran, 40;
earliest of Sher Shah, 51; said to
have been struck by Himu, 72;
struck by Sulaiman in Akbar's
name, 99; in Kashmir in Akbar's
name, 124;
in Orissa in Akbar's
name, 139; of Salim as rebel, 149;
depicting Akbar, 155 n. 2; of Jahan-
gir as Burhan-ud-din, 156 n. 1; at
Ajmer, 161; of Jahangir, 179-80;
in name of Nur Jahan, 180; of
Dawar Bakhsh, 183; of Shah Jahan
at Ahmadnagar and Daulatabad,
189 n. 2; in Shah Jahan's name at
Golconda, 197; at Qandahar, 199; at
Balkh, 203; latest of Qutb Shahis,
208; of Murad Bakhsh, 211; solar
months on Shah Jahan's, 217; in
name of Aurangzib in Baltistan, 230;
of Banda Sikh, 322; Farrukh-siyar's
legal dirham, 337, n. 1; in name of
Ibrahim, 345 n. 1; in name of Nadir
Shah at 'Azimabad (Patna) and
Murshidabad, 364 n. 3; of Ahmad
Shah Abdali at Shahjahanabad,
by Portuguese pirates, 236, 479;
Feringi settlement at, 237; adorned
by Shayista Khan, 311
da Cunha, Gerson, 489 n. 2
Dadaji Kond-dev, 256
Dadar, 227


## p. 646 (#688) ############################################

646
INDEX
128,
9
Dadu, Dadupanthi, 221
da Gama, Vasco, 513
Dagon, see Rangoon, 485, 505
Dalla, 485, 491
Dal lake, 549
Dalpat Rao Bundela, 320
Dalrymple, 501 n. 2, 505 n. 2, 512 n. 1
dam, 460
Damaji Gaikwar, in Malwa, 355; ir.
Gujarat, 365, 369; at Balapur, re-
ceives title of Shamsher Bahadui,
398, 399; against Abdali, 418; at
Panipat, 422 and n. 2; withdraws,
425; keeps Gujarat, 448
Damaji II Gaikwar, 402, 411
Damaji Thorat, 393, 394
Damalcherry, 408
Daman, attacked by Mughuls,
129, 200, 219; 296
Damdama, 173
Dammazedi, 489
Danda, 101
Dandesh, 148
Daniyal, born, 102; nominal com-
mander in Deccan, 141, 145; his
conduct in Deccan, 146; honoured
by Akbar, 148; his death, 151; his
sons executed, 184
Darab Khan, 173
Dara Shukoh, 174, 201; fails to take
Qandahar, 206; but in favour with
Shah Jahan, 207; envious of Au-
rangzib, 209, 271; his own advance-
ment, 210; defeated at Samogarh,
213; escapes and pursued, 214; flies
to Punjab, 215; his religious views,
217, 230; patron of Chandra Bhan,
220; separated from Sulaiman Shu-
koh, 222; hunted through Punjab
and Sind, 223; in Gujarat, 226; de-
defeated at Deorai, captured by Ba-
loch, executed at Delhi, 227; 232
Darband-i-Ahanin, 7
darogha, 241
darshan, 230
car-ul-harb, 240
dur-ul-Islam, 240
Darvesh (of Bijapur), 188
Darya Khan, 187, 188
Dasahra festival, 150, 161, 281, 392,
401, 419
Datia, 548
Dattaji Sindia, 416, 417, 413, 444, 446
Daud (of Bengal), succeeds and in-
vades Akbar's realm, 111; resists
invasion, 112; makes peace, 113; re-
covers Bengal, 115; defeated and
slain by Mughuls, 116
Daud Khan, 226, 229
Daud Khan, Pani, 293, 301; killed at
Burhanpur, 334; his nephew Dost
'Ali, 365; as deputy viceroy of De-
ccan, 392, 393
Daulatabad, becomes capital of Ah-
madnagar, 148; 169, 187; threatened
by Shah Jahan, 189; coin struck at,
189 n. 2; besieged by Mahabat
Khan, 192; stormed, 193, 264, 265;
defended by Hamid Khan's wife
against Bijapur, 263; Khan Dauran
besieged in, 266; Abu-'l-Hasan im-
prisoned in, 290; gained by Salabat
Jang, 389; surrendered to Mughuls,
413
Daulat Khan (of Bijapur), see Kha-
vass Khan, 188
Daulat Khan (convert), 64
Daulat Khan (Lodi), 9, 11, 12
Daulat Khan (governor of Qanda-
har), 205
Laulat Khan (Sur), 46
Dachrua, 21, 49
Dawar Bakhsh, 171; proclaimed em-
peror, but murdered, 182
Daya Bahadur, 402
221
De Brito, employed by Arakan,
against Pegu, 478, 494; executed,
495
Deccan, Akbar contemplates conquest
of, 118, 134; first expeditions into,
137; missions to courts in, 139;
abortive invasion of, 141; final plans
against, 142, 144; invasion of, 145,
146; annexations in, and appoint-
ment of Daniyal as viceroy of, 148;
at Jahangir's accession, 159; Khur-
ram replaces Parviz in, 164; setties
affairs of, 165; trouble in caused by
Malik 'Ambar, 168; Shah Jahan's
Deb Dal,


## p. 647 (#689) ############################################

INDEX
647
Deccan (continued)
plans for, 185-6; famine in 1630,
186; Mughul interests suffering in,
194; land revenue settled in by
Murshid Quli Khan, 218; quiet in
first half of Aurangzib's reign, 252-
3; Shivaji's raids in Mughul, 259;
Mughul viceroyalty of defined, 266;
Aurangzib moves to, 281; tempo-
rarily subdued, 284; disturbed by
scattered Maratha bands, 290; mas-
tered by Marathas, its desolation,
300; virtually independent under
Nizam-ul-Mulk, 350, evil effects of
campaigns in, 375-6; pacified by
Nizam-ul-Mulk, 377; its revenue
under Asaf Jah, 378; its stability
under Nizam 'Ali, 391; chauth of
granted to Shahu, 392; anarchy in
at Shahu's accession, 393; fear of
Nadir Shah in, 404; land revenue
revision in by Murshid Quli Khan,
468; see also Ahmadnagar (state),
Bijapur, Golconda, Marathas
Deccanis (in Golconda), 261, 274
de Goes, Benedict, 142
Dehra Dun traversed by Mughuls, 207
De Jonge, 478 n. 2
Delhi, 12; captured by Babur, 13; be-
sieged by Hindal, 32; taken by
Himu, 71; recovered by Akbar, 73;
new city at founded by Shah Jahan,
205-6, 220; Aurangzib assumes im-
perial title at, 215; Dara executed
at, 227; Aurangzib's second coro-
nation at, 227; Jahandar Shah mur-
dered at, 330; execution of Sikhs at,
335; Baji Rao's incursion near, 356,
403; sacked by Nadir Shah, 361;
faction strife at, 415, 435-6; sacked
by Ahmad Shah Abdali, 416, 438;
plundered by Marathas, 418; be-
sieged by Holkar, 439-40; new city
at planned by Humayun, 524-5;
Sayyid-Afghan buildings at, 525;
tomb of Khan Khanan at, 552
de Mello, Pedro, 405
Deobari pass, 249
Deo Das, 82
Deogarh, 314
Deorai, 227
Deosuri pass, 249, 250
Dera Ghazi Khan, 5, 445
Devapur, 299
Devi Singh (Bundela), 306
Dewalgaon, 186
Dhammapala, 556
dhammathat, 478, 490, 497, 508, 509
Dhammathatkyaw, 490
Dhamoni, 195, 295, 313
Dhanaji (Dhana) Jadav, claims to be
commander-in-chief, 291; attacks
Zu-'l-Fiqar, 292-3; harries Belgaum
and Dharwar, 294; triumphs over
Santaji, 295; helps Berads against
Mughuls, 299; sacks Baroda, 301;
invades Gujarat, 315; his death, 393;
employs Balaji Vishwanath, 393
Dhangar caste, 398
Dhar, 398
Dharmat, 212, 247
Dharur, 188; captured by A'zam, 282,
390
Dholpur, 171, 320
Dhulia, 186
Diamonds, in Carnatic, 207, 269; in
Golconda, 378
Dig, 348, 425, 436, 548
Dilavar 'Ali Khan, 343, 378, 398
Dilawar Khan, 10, 11, 17
Dilir Khan, 253; appointed to Deccan,
255, 277; invades Bijapur without
success, 256, 277-8; quarrels with
Shah Alam, 258; replaced by Ba-
hadur Khan, 259, 278; 282, 284
Dindar, 314
Din, Din (the Faith, the Faith), 423
Dindori, 259
Din-i-Ilahi, 129-32
Dinnyawadi, 476
Dinnyawadi Yazawinthit, 495 n. 1,
505 n. 2
Dinpanah, 524-5
Diocletian, 556
Diogo, 485
Dipalpur, 11, 67
dirham, 242
Diu, 24, 26; attacked by Mughuls, 129,
200, 219
Divan-i-Babur Padishah, 20


## p. 648 (#690) ############################################

648
INDEX
"Divine Era", explained, 134; discon-
tinued by Shah Jahan, 217
“Divine Faith"; 111; Sultan Khvaja
converted to, 121; promulgation of,
129-32; Mirza Jani Beg converted
to, 137; Akbar issues regulations
for, 139; Khan A'zam converted to,
141
"Divine Language”, 132, 154
Diwan (revenue minister), 462-3
Diwan-i-Am, at Fathpur Sikri, 540;
at Agra, 554; at Lahore, 555; at
Delhi, 556, 558
Diwan-i-Khass, at Fathpur Sikri, 542-
3; at Agra, 554; at Delhi, 556
diwati, 14
Dod-Ballapur, 279
Dodderi, 294
Dohad, 350
Dome of the Rocks, 565
Don, 256
Doraha, 251
Dost Ali, loses Arcot, 368; killed by
Raghuji, 384, 408
Downing, Clement, 394 n. 1
Downton, 162
Dress, 217
Drunera, 304
Duji Bar, 346
Dukkanthein, 478
Dun, see Dehra Dun
Dunde Khan, 446
Dungarpur, 117
Dungot, 59, 60
Dupleix, aids Muzaffar Jang, 387, 433;
389; values Syriam, 506
Durga Das, 247-8, 251, 252, 283; in
Deccan, and then rebels in Marwar,
303; enters Mughul service but
again rebels twice, 304; revolts
piracy and reprisals, 310; trade in
Bengal, fortify Chinsura, 311; fac-
tory at Patna robbed by Farrukh-
siyar, 327; defeat Portuguese at sea,
404; trade profitable, 473; aid Ara-
kanese against Portuguese, 473;
purchase slaves in Arakan, 479;
settlement at Mrohaung, 480; facto-
ries in Burma, 495; expel Portu-
guese from Malacca, and predomi-
nant at Mergui, 500; ships burnt at
Ayuthia, 511; ship taken by Bur-
mese at Rangoon, 519
Dyers (European), 307, 317
against Bahadur Shah, 321
Durgavati, 88
Durjan Sal Hara, 303
Duroiselle, 497 n. 2
Durrani Afghans, 419, 420, 424
Dutch, appealed to by Muqarrab
Khan, 162; congratulate Shah
Jahan, 183; resist indigo monopoly,
218; rivalry with English, 219; de-
fence against Shivaji at Surat, 253;
Earthquake at Lahore, 568
East India Company, its early trade,
306; Sir Josia Child chairman of,
308; value of its trade in seven-
teenth century, 317; factory at Ran-
goon, 505; claims compensation for
losses at Negrais, 512
Ecbatana, 556
Ejectment of cultivators, 470
Eknath, 426
Ekoji, see Vyankaji, 256
Elephant(s), fight, 80, 152, 216; in
battle, 72, 224; used for executions,
242; use of by Hindus forbidden,
243; given as tribute by Chiengmai,
sacrificed at Shan funerals, 487;
white sought for, 487-8, 503; Gate
at Agra, 536; Gate at Fathpur Sikri,
539
Elizabeth, Queen, 135, 153
Ellichpur, 137
Elphinstone, M. , 396 and n. 2; on Ma-
ratha conquests, 416; on their defeat
at Panipat, 425
English, first to visit Akbar's court,
135; four who spoke to Akbar, 152;
first mentioned in Mughul annals,
161; their alarm in Shah Jahan's
rebellion, 172; congratulate Shah
Jahan, 183; defence at Surat against
Shivaji, 258; factory at Hubli sack-
ed by Shivaji, 275; (factors) on
Aurangzib, 282; their trading diffi-
culties, 306-7; expelled from Ben-
gal, 307-8; move headquarters from


## p. 649 (#691) ############################################

INDEX
649
English (continued)
Surat to Bombay, 308-9; pirates,
309-10; trade in Bengal, fortify
Calcutta, 311; a rising power in
Bengal, 373; rise of their power in
Carnatic, 390; at war with Angria,
394; defeat Portuguese at sea, 404;
refuse help at Bassein, 405-6; send
envoy to Shahu, 406; effect on Ma-
rathi literature, 427; trade profit-
able, 473; buy slaves in Arakan,
479; early factories in Burma,
495; killed at Mergui, 500; leave
Rangoon for Negrais, 505; killed at
Negrais, 509-10; return to Rangoon,
512
Enriques, 121
Enriquez, 513 n. 1
Erachh, 149, 185
Escheat, 472
Escurial, 220
Europeans first engaged by Muzaffar
Jang, 387
Evory (alias of H. Bridgman), 309
farman, 241; Aurangzib's for trade,
307
Farmers of land revenue, 466, 471,
472, 473, 474
Farrukhabad, founded, 352-3, 429,
431; 439, 440
Farrukh-siyar, son
of 'Azim-ush-
Shan, aims at crown, 326; pro-
claims himself emperor and defeats
‘Azz-ud-din at Khajuha, 327; de-
feats Jahandar Shah at Samogarh,
328-9; his distribution of offices,
331; his cruelty and character, 332;
his treachery to the Sayyids, 334;
marries Ajit Singh's daughter,
treated by Dr Hamilton, 335; neg-
lects state affairs, 336; intrigues
against Sayyids, 337; attempts re-
conciliation, 338; blinded and
strangled, 339, 395; his recognitich
of Shahu, 395
Fars, 357
Faruqi kings, 148; their buildings,
575-6
Fatava-i-'Alamgiri, 317
Fatehgarh, 431
Fathabad (Dharmat), 212
Fathabad (Hissar), 525
Fath Darwaza, 286
Fath Jang Khan, 54
Fath Khan (Afghan), 90
Fath Khan (son of Malik 'Ambar),
poisons king of Ahmadnagar, 189,
264; intrigues with Mughuls and
Bijapur, 192, 264; surrenders to
Mughuls, 193, 265; invades Berar,
263
Fath Khan Jat, 53, 54
Fathkhelda, name given to Shakar-
khelda, 350
Fath-Muhammadi, the, 309
Fathpur Parsaki, 96
Fathpur Sikri, 58; residence of Shaikh
Salim Chishti, birthplace of Salim
(Jahangir), city founded by Akbar
Fairs, Hindu religious forbidden, 243
Faizi, 97; composes khutba for Akbar,
at, 102, 538-47
Fath Singh, 384
Fath-ullah Khan, 298
Fath-ullah Shirazi, 462
fatwa, 63
121; envoy to Khandesh and Ah-
madnagar, 139, 140; death, 142
Fakhr-ud-Daula, 369
Fakhr-un-Nisa Begam, 85
Famine, near Delhi, 1556, 69; in Gu-
jarat, 1575, 112; in north-west India
for four years from 1595, 142; relief
works in Kashmir, 143; in Gujarat
and Deccan, 1630, 186-8, 194; in
Konkan, 283; in Deccan, 1686, 285;
common in Gujarat, 315; in Gujarat
and Deccan, 1747, 384; in Maratha
camp at Panipat, 421; in lower
Burma, 493
Fancy, the, 309
Faqr 'Ali, 31, 32
Farah, 66
Fardapur, 385
Farghana, 2, 4, 5
Farid (-Sher Khan, or Shah, q. v. ),
45, 46
Farid-ud-din, title of Sher Shah, 51
farmaish, 307


## p. 650 (#692) ############################################

650
INDEX
on
French, defence at Surat against
Shivaji, 258; penalised for piracy,
310; fortify Chandernagore, 311; ex-
ports of woollen cloth, 317; support
Muzaffar Jang and Salabat Jang
against Marathas, 387; intrigue
against Shah Nawaz Khan, 389;
support Basalat Jang, but lose in-
fluence and withdraw, 390; resist
Maratha threat Pondicherry,
408; buy slaves in Arakan, 479; mis-
sionaries killed in Burma, 500; sup-
port Talaings at Syriam, 505; mas-
sacred by Burmese, 506, captured
at Ayuthia, 515; serve guns for
Burmese, 516
French Bay, 500
Friday prayer, 324; see also khutbu
Fryer, 271, 413
Fulad, 87
Furnivall, 495, n. 1, 500 n. 1
Gadadhar Prahlad, Pratinidhi, 392,
393
Gadadhar Singh, 236
Gadai, see Shaikh Gadai
Gagan Mahall, 574
Gagraun, 80, 97
Gaikwar, rise of family, 398
Gajpur, 234
Gakkhars, 59, 60, 61, 73, 86
Galathée, the, 506
Galgala, 290, 318
Gandapur, 381
Ganga Ram Nagar, 306
Ganj-i-savai, the, 309
Gardens, round tomb, 533; made by
Babur, Akbar, Jahangir, 548; Nishat
Bagh, Shalamar (Lahore and Sri-
nagar), Sikandra, 549; Gulabi Bagh,
561; at Taj Mahall, 563; Mahtab
faujdari, 463
Fazil (or Fazail) Beg, 85
Fees, see Taxation
Fenny, 236
Fergusson, J. , 220 n. 3, 548
Feringi-bazar, 237
Feringis, 236-7
Fidai Khan, 239, 567
Firearms first used by Burmese, 509
Firuz Jang, title of 'Abdullah Khan,
q. v.
Firuz Jang (Ghazi-ud-din I), at siege
of Bijapur, 285; at Golconda, 288,
289; becomes blind, 290; defeats
Marathas in Malwa, 313; secures
peace with Chhatra Sal, 314; mem-
ber of Turani party, 319
Firuz Jang (Husain 'Ali, Sayyid, q. v. ),
327
Firuz Jang (title of Shihab-ud-din,
Ghazi-ud-din, q. v. ), 435
Firuz Jang, title of Ghazi-ud-din, son
of Nizam, 433 n. 1
Firuz Khan Sur, enthroned but mur-
dered, 64
Firuzpur, 58
Firuz Shah's Kotla, 444
Firuz Tughlug, 9, 231, 241, 449, 526
Fitch, Ralph, 135, 151, 491
Fleury the, 506
Forbes, 399, 402 n. 1
Foreigners (in Golconda), 261, 274
Forrest, 406 nn. 1 and 2
Fort St George, foundations of laid,
306
Forts, Rohtas built by Sher Shah, 52;
of Salim Shah at Delhi, 531; of
Akbar at Agra and Lahore, 535-8;
at Gwalior, 537-8; at Allahabad,
538; in Rajputana, 548; buildings in
Agra, 554; in Lahore, 555; of Shah
Jahan at Delhi, 555-8
Foster, W. , 218 n. 2
"Foster-father cohort", 75, 77, 86, 94,
100
Forster-relatives, 74
Fiankfurter, 493 n. 1
Fraser on massacre at Delhi, 361 n. 3
Fremlin, 200
Bagh, 566
Gardi troops trained by Bussy, 413,
417, 420; see also Ibrahim Khan
Gardi
Garha, 88, 314
Garha-Katanga (or Mandla), 67
Garhgaon, 234, 235, 236
Garhwal, Mughul invasions of, 20? ;
Sulaiman Shukoh takes refuge in,


## p. 651 (#693) ############################################

INDEX
651
Garhwal (continued)
228; fights with Sikhs, 246; helps
Banda to escape, 323
Gateways, 512, 533, 545; see also Bu-
land Darwaza
Gauharara, 302
Gauhati, 234, 236
Gaur, 29; occupied by Humayun, 30,
50; by Sher Shah, 51; restored as
capital by Mun‘im Khan, 114; 225;
king of receives Narameikhla, 477
Gaur clan, 252
Gawilgarh taken by Mughuls, 143
Gayer, Sir John, 310
Ghairat Khan, 283
Gham, chronogram, 189 n. 1
Ghani Khan, 84, 85
Gharib Nawaz, 502
Ghazanfar, 26
Ghazdawan, 5, 7
Ghazi Khan, 10, 11, 12
Ghazi Khan of Badakhshan, 123
Ghazipur captured by Humayun, 16
Ghazi-ud-din I, Firuz Jang (q. v. ), at
siege of Bijapur, 285
Ghazi-ud-din Khan (son of Nizam-
ul-Mulk), becomes assistant mini-
ster, 366; and father's deputy at
Delhi, 386; 387; goes to Deccan and
poisoned, 388, 412, 433-4; his titles,
433 and n. 1
Ghazi-ud-din (Shihab-ud-din, grand-
son of Nizam-ul-Mulk, afterwards
Firuz Jang, 'Imad-ul-Mulk), be-
comes paymaster general, summons
Marathas to Delhi, 415; again in-
vites them, murders Ahmad Shah;
416; his character and plots, 435;
incites Marathas against Jats and
becomes minister, 436; tries to re-
cover Punjab, 437; marries, and em-
broiled with Ahmad Shah Abdali,
438; attempts to seize 'Ali Gauhar,
440; proclaims Shah Jahan III, 444;
takes refuge with Suraj Mal, 445;
deserts Marathas before Panipat,
447; his obscure end, 448
Ghazni, 8, 14, 199, 205, 206
Gheria, 394
Ghilzais, 239, 371
Ghiyas Beg, see I'timad-ud-Daula
Ghiyas-ud-din (of Barha), 115
Ghiyas-ud-din Mahmud, see Mah-
mud (of Bengal)
Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq, 527
Ghoraghat, 112
Ghorai, 239
ghul, 12
Ghulam Qadir, 448
Gingee, surrendered to Shivaji, 276,
279; Raja Ram flies to, 284; becomes
Maratha centre in south-east, 290;
attacked by Zu-'l-Fiqar, 292; storm-
ed by him, 293
Girasias, 315
Girdhar Bahadur, besieged in Allaha-
bad, 341; transferred to Oudh, 342;
346; killed in Malwa, 353-4, 402
Giria, 'Ali Vardi Khan defeats Sar-
faraz Khan at, 365
Girishk, 206
Glass-ware, 317
Goa, Akbar's envoy to, 121; blockaded
by Bijapur, 219; threatened by Shah
'Alam, 283; Portuguese at protest
against cession of Bombay, 404; 405,
406; Burmese envoys to, 489; De
Brito recognised by, 494; see also
Portuguese
Godwar, 249
Gogi, 256
Gogunda, 115, 116
Gokla (hill), 227
Gokla (Jat), 243
Gokteik, 517
Golconda (fortress), besieged by Mu-
hammad, 270; taken by Aurangzib,
287-9; spoils acquired at, 290
Golconda (kingdom), Akbar's mission
to received favourably, 139, 140;
friendly with Bijapur, 168; pays
tribute to Mughuls, 169; refuses
help to Shah Jahan in rebellion,
172; pledges allegiance to Shah Ja-
han, 196; makes treaty with Shah
Jahan, 197; disputes over tribute of,
207; pardoned by Shah Jahan, 208;
plans for conquest of, 209, 269; at
peace with Aurangzib, 253; supports
Ahmadnagar, 261; invades Orissa,


## p. 652 (#694) ############################################

652
INDEX
Golconda (kingdom) (continued)
Bastar and Carnatic, 267; agrees to
pay Shivaji chauth, 273; aids Shi-
vaji's designs on Carnatic, 276; aids
Bijapur in final attack, 285; its cor-
rupt administration, 286; submits to
Mughuls and finally subdued, 287-
9; peacefully acquired by Nizam-
ul-Mulk, 377; its fertility and
wealth, 378; trade with Mergui, 500
Golden Company, 506, 507
Gol Gumbaz, 571-3
Gond kingdom (Gondwana), 87, 94;
invaded by Jujhar Singh, 194-5;
troubled by Marathas, 290; ruled by
chiefs of Deogarh and Chanda and
dissensions in, 314; absorbed by
Marathas, 314, 365; granted to
Shahu, 392; 464
gondhali (wandering bard), 409, 427
Gooty, 408
Gopal Rao, 383
Gopal Singh, Rao (Chandrawat), 306
Gordon, 406
Gouger, 519 n. 1
Govind Deo, 547-8
Govind Pant Kher (or Bundele), 402,
420, 421, 444
Govind Rao Chitnis, 409
Govind Singh, Guru, 244, 245, 246,
322
Govindwal, 223
Grant Brown, R. , 504 n. 2
Grant Duff, on Shivaji's early ex-
ploits, 268; on his becoming Rajput,
275; on his inspiration of Marathas,
279; on Navaits, 369 n. 1; on Mara-
tha officials, 392 n. 2; on early life
of Balaji Vishvanath, 393, 394; cn
Muhammad Shah's grants, 396; on
Maratha collections, 398 and n. 3;
on mulukgiri, 398-9 and 1;
on death of Khande Rao, 401 n. 1;
on Poona as Peshwa's capital, 410;
on Maratha civil justice, 414 n. 1;
on Balaji's administration, 414 n. 2;
on Maratha devotion to home, 414
n. 3; on Maratha plundering, 415
n. 2; on invasion of Punjab, 416
n. 2
Granth, see Adi Granth, 245
Grenard, 8
Grimon, 139
“Guest” Begs, 4
Gujarat, invaded by Humayun, 24;
n.
lost by him, 27; Sher Shah offers
help to, 51; civil war in, 103; Mirza
rebellion in, 105; Khan A'zam ap-
pointed governor of, 106; Mirzas
finally suppressed in, 108, 109; re-
venue settlement by Todar Mal, 109;
pestilence and famine in, 112; in-
surrection in, 118; further insur-
rection in, 132-3; pacified, 140; visi -
ted by Jahangir, 166; famine in
1630; 186; Murad Bakhsh rebels in,
211; its wealth and people, invaded
by Marathas, 315; misgoverned by
Haidar Quli Khan, 348; raided by
Marathas, 349; Hamid Khan and
Sarbuland Khan contend in, 350-1;
Baji Rao ravages, 353; Maratha hold
on, 398; Baji Rao crushes rivals in,
402; Gaikwar extinguishes Mughul
rule in, 411; land revenue of, 464;
grants of land revenue reduced in,
465
Gulabi Bagh, 561
Gulbadan Begam, 19, 114, 128, 129
Gulbarga, sacked by Asaf Khan, 189,
264; annexed by Mughuls, 255, 277;
occupied by Khan Dauran, but re-
stored to Bijapur, 267; captured by
Aurangzib, 271; taken by Kam
Bakhsh, 321
Gun Spirit, 507
Gurdaspur, 335
Gurus of Sikhs, 244-6, 322, 335-6
Gwalior, captured by Babur, 16, 22;
besieged by Sher Shah, 51; by Qiya
Khan, 73; taken, 76; a political pri-
son, 161, 193, 198, 201, 228, 267;
state founded by Ranoji Sindia,
398; buildings at admired by Babur,
523; tomb of Muhammad Ghaus at,
535
Gwe, 503, 505, 516
Hada, see Hara
Hadiqat, 385, 388


## p. 653 (#695) ############################################

3
n. 1
INDEX
653
Hadramaut, 229
Harmad (= Armada), 236
Hafiz, 67
Har Nand, Raja, 370
Haibat Jang appointed to Bihar, 366, Har Rai, Guru, 245
441, 442
Har Rai, Rawal, 102
Haibat Khan, 53, 54, 59, 60
Harris, 423 n. 1
Haidarabad, 570
Harun, 238
Haidar Beg, Mir, 344
Harvey, G. E. , 480 n. 5, 481 n. 1, 483
Haidar Jang, 390
n. 4, 486 n. 2, 488 n. 1, 497 n. 1,
Haidar Qasim Kuhbur, 85
499 n. 1, 503 n. 1, 504 n. 1
Haidar Quli Khan, 345, 347, 349
Hasan Abdal, 228, 239
Haji Begam, 532
Hasan Ali Khan, 243, 248, 249; in-
Haji Khan, 73, 74
vades Konkan, 282
Hajipur, 45, 46, 48, 92, 112
Hasan 'Ali, Sayyid (of Barha), sup-
Hajjaj bin Yusuf, 369 n. 1
ports Farrukh-siyar, becomes 'Ab-
Hajji Khan, 10, 11
dullah Khan (q. v. ) and Qutb-ul-
Hajo, 200; see also Kuch Hajo
Mulk, 327
Hakim 'Ali, 152
Hasan Hamidan, 310
Hakim Sur, 115
Hasan Khan (in Bihar), 90
Hakluytus Posthumus, 491 n. 1, 492
Hasan Khan Mewati, 10, 15, 16, 17
Hasan Khan Sur, 45, 46; his tomb, 526,
Haldighat, 115, 116
528
Hall, 495 n. 2, 510 n. 1
Halliday, 483 n. 3, 492 n. 2
Hasanpur, 345
"Hall of Worship", 113, 120, 122
Hashim, 369 n. 1
Hamida Begam, 38; tries to reconcile
Hashtnagar, 8
Salim to Akbar, 147
Hathi Pol, at Agra, 536; at Fathpur
Hamid Khan, uncle and deputy of
Sikri, 539
Nizam-ul-Mulk in Gujarat, 350
Hawai, 80
Hamid Khan (Abyssinian) bribes Hawa Khana, 541
Khan Jahan, 176, 263, 364
Hawkins, W. , 162, 466
Hamilton, A. , 481 n. 1, 500 nn. 1 and Hayat Bakhsh, 557
3, 502 n. 1
Hayat Bakhsh Begam, 261
Hamilton, C. J. , 317
Hazara, 238, 535
Hamilton, Dr William, cures Farrukh-
Health, captain, 308
siyar, 335
Henry IV of France, 153
hammam, at Fathpur Sikri, 546; at Herat, 4, 5; taken by Shaibani Khan,
Delhi, 557
6; occupied by Persians, 7; taken by
Hamzaban, 105
Mahmud Khan, 357; by Ahmad
Handiya, 62, 383
Shah Abdali, 371
Happy Sayings of Akbar, 131, 154
Herbert, 500 n. 1
Hara clan, 252, 282, 303, 341-2
Hidayat-kesh, 332
Hardaur Singh, 185
Higginson, 501
Hardwar disliked by Jahangir, 169 Hijili, 191, 308
Harem influences, 74
Himmat Khan, 294-5
Har Govind, Guru, 245
Himmat Khan (of Kurnool), 387
Har Har Mahadeo, invocation to Himu, his origin and influence, 64;
Shiva, 423
defeats Junaid Khan, 65; prepares
Hariharpur, English factory at, 306
to expel Mughuls and occupies
Harji Mahadik, 291-2
Delhi, 71; defeat at Panipat and
Har Kishan, 245
death, 72; his widow and father, 73
9


## p. 654 (#696) ############################################

654
INDEX
Hindal, defeats Tatar Khan, 23; de-
feats Muhammad Sultan, 27; occu-
pies Jaunpur, 28; deserts from
north Bihar, 30; at Agra, 31; revolts,
32, 51; joins Kamran, declines to
help Humayun, 33; 35; aims at Sind,
36; advances on Sehwan, 37; leaves
Humayun for Qandahar, 38; seizes
Qandahar but displaced by Kam-
ran, 40; escapes to Humayun, 41;
killed by an Afghan, 42
Hindaun, 321; taken by Marathas, 354
Hindu Baloch, 53, 54
Hindu Beg, 25, 50
Hindu-pad-padshahi, 395 n. 2, 397
Hindu Rao, 299, 301
Hingangaon, 393
Hira Mahall, 557
Hirananda Shastri, 87 n. 2
Hirapur, 277
Hisar (Badakhshan), 4, 7,
8
Hissar (Firuza), 12, 22, 45, 67, 74
Hkrit, 476
Hlaingtha gate, 512
Hluttaw, 502, 508
Hmannan, 500
Hmawdin, 478, 491
Hodivala, 134 n. 1, 153 n. 1, 180 n. 3
Hodson, 509 n. 3
Hooghly, Portuguese at, 190; siege of,
191; captured, 192; English factory
at 306; sacked by English, 308;
seized by Orissa Afghans, 311; 0C-
cupied by Marathas, 367
Horses, 317
Hoskote, 279
Hosten, 477 n. 3, 562 n. 1
Hpalaung ( Portuguese, q. v. ), 477
Hsenwi, 516
Hsinbyugyun, 508
Hsinbuymyashin pyatton, 490
Hsinbuyshin, king of Burma, raids
Manipur and restores Ava, 512;
treats his officers badly, 516; visits
Rangoon, 519; dies 520; nominated
Singu as successor,
Hugli, see Hooghly
Hukumat-panah, 291
Humayun, birth, 5; gains victory near
Hissar, 12; protects widows of Raja
of Gwalior, 13; takes Jaunpur and
Ghazipur, 16; at battle of Khanua,
Returns to Badakhshan, 17; revisits
Agra, illness and recovery, succes-
sion to Babur, 18; divides the goy-
ernment, besieges Kalinjar, scatters
Afghans at Daunrua, 21; arranges
peace with Sher Khan, troubles
with the Mirzas and quarrel with
Bahadur Shah, 23, 50; takes Raisen,
defeats Bahadur Shah, 23; takes
Mandu, occupies Malwa and invades
Gujarat, 24; storms Champaner and
occupies Ahmadabad, 25; returns to
Mandu, 26; loses Gujarat and Mal-
wa, 27; delays at Agra, siege of
Chunar, 28; takes Chunar, meets
Mahmud, and advances towards
Bengal, 29; retreats to Bihar, 30;
halts at Chausa, 31; defeated by
Sher Khan at Chausa, flies to Agra,
33, 61; meets his brothers, moves
against Sher Shah, 34; defeated by
Sher Shah near Kanauj, flies to
Punjab, 35, 51; his wavering plans,
36; takes refuge in Sind, besieges
Bhakkar, 37, 51; marries Hamida
Begam, fails in Sind, 38; his suffer-
ings in Rajputana, 39; leaves Sind,
takes refuge in Persia, and with
Persian help takes Qandahar, 40;
expels Kamran from Kabul, but
loses and regains it, 41; reconciled
to Kamran who again rebels, 12;
his character, 43; his return
India, 61; takes an omen, 66; ad-
vances to Lahore and Sirhind, 67;
defeats Sikandar Shah, and enters
Delhi, 68; death, 69; his tomb, 227,
532-5, 562; Farrukh-siyar buried
in his tomb, 339; 357; 'Alamgir II
buried in his tomb, 444; his new
522
Huart, Cl. , 217 n. 2
Huber, 517 n. 1
Hubli, 275
city at Delhi, 524
Humayun Bakht, 332
hun (coin), 197, 207 n. 1, 256, 258,
259, 273
9
0
1


## p. 655 (#697) ############################################

INDEX
655
Husain 'Ali, Sayyid (of Barha, later
Amir-ul-Umara, Firuz Jang), sup-
ports Farrukh-siyar, 327; becomes
paymaster, 331; suppresses revolt
in Marwar, 333; appointed viceroy
of Deccan, 334, 341; returns to Del-
hi, 338; urges murder of Farrukh-
siyar, 339; takes Agra fort, 340;
quarrels with 'Abdullah Khan, 342;
his nephew killed, 343; murdered,
344, 399; his compromise with Pe-
shwa, 395
Husain Baiqara, see Sultan Husain
Baiqara
Husain Beg, 157
Husain Dost Khan, see Chanda Sahib,
tions with Jahangir and Malik 'Am-
bar, 260-4; his tomb, 573
Ibrahim Husain Mirza, 94, 105, 106,
108
Ibrahim Khan (brother of Nur
Jahan), 172
Ibrahim Khan (viceroy of Bengal),
308, 311, 312
Ibrahim Khan Gardi, gained over by
Nizam 'Ali, 389; enters Peshwa's
service, 390, 413; in army against
Abdali, 417; at Kunjpura, 419; at
Panipat, 420, 421, 422 and n. ? ;
433
Husain Khan Nuhani, 15
Husain Khan, Sayyid (of Barha), 322
Husain Nizam Shah III of Ahmad-
nagar, succeeds, 189, 264; sent to
Gwalior, 193
Husain Quli Khan (Khan Jahan), at-
tempts to capture Sharaf-ud-din
Husain, 85; pursues Rana, 98; to
govern Punjab, 100; sent against
Nagarkot, 103; captures Mirzas, 106;
receives title Khan Jahan, 108
Husain Shah, king of Arakan, 478
Hyderabad (city), sacked by Muham-
mad Sultan, 270; captured by Mu-
ghuls, 285; again sacked, 287; Kam
Bakhsh killed near, 321; becomes
capital of Nizam-ul-Mulk, 350, 377,
399; walls of built by Nizam, 385
Hyderabad (state), founded, 377; its
wealth, 378; its decline, 386; large
cessions to Marathas from, 391, 413;
but ultimate recovery, 391; Balaji
Baji Rao's designs on, 410
taken and killed, 424
Ibrahim Khan Sur, 45; assumes royal
title, 65; withdraws to Bengal, 70;
expelled from Jaunpur, 77
Ibrahim Khan Uzbeg, 81, 91, 92, 93
Ibrahim Lodi, 9, 10, 11, 12, defeated
and slain at Panipat, 13; 19, 46
Ibrahim, Mir (of Golconda), created
Mahabat Khan, 305
Ibrahim Rauza, 573-4
Idar, 108
Ikhtiyar Khan, 24, 25
Ikhtiyar-ul-Mulk, 108
'Imad-ul-Mulk (of Gujarat), 25
'Imad-ul-Mulk, title of Ghazi-ud-din,
son of Nizam, 433 n. 1
'Imad-ul-Mulk, title of Ghazi-ud-din
(Shihab-ud-din) (q. v. ), 435
imala, 58
imam, 57
Imam Quli (of Samarqand), 170, 202
Imams, the, 122
'imaratlar, 14
Imole, 509
Imphal, 509
'Inayat Khan, 251
'Inayat-ullah Kashmiri, 337, 339, 346
Inchbird, 406, 407
Indapur, 268
Indigo, Shah Jahan's monopoly of,
218, 449; export of, 317; Akbar's re-
venue rate on, 460
Indore founded by Malhar Rao Hol-
kar, 398
Indrakhi, 306
Indra Singh, 247, 248
Indur (Nizamabad), 173
>
'Ibadat-Khana, or “Hall of Worship",
113
Ibn Husain, 237
Ibrahim (son of Rafi'-ush-Shan) pro-
claimed emperor, 345
Ibrahim 'Adil Shah II (of Bijapur),
congratulates Akbar on conquest of
Ahmadnagar, 147; pays tribute to
Jahangir, 165; his death, 188; rela-


## p. 656 (#698) ############################################

656
INDEX
Italian, missionaries, 500; art, 558
I'tibar Khan, 310
I'timad Khan, see Buhlul Malik, 84, 89
I'timad Khan (of Gujarat), 103, 104,
132, 133
I'timad Khan (of Surat), 310
I'timad-ud-Daula, becomes revenue
minister, 156; with Jahangir against
Khusrav, 157; 163; death of, 169;
his tomb, 179, 552-3
I'timad-ud-Daula, title of Muhammaa
Amin Khan, Turani (q. v. ), 331
I'timad-ud-Daula, title of Qamar-ud-
Infallibility, doctrine of and Decree,
din, 346
I'tiqad Khan, see Muhammad Murad,
337
I'tiqad Khan, Zu-'l-Fiqar Khan, Nus-
rat Jang, besieges Raigarh, 284; sed
also Zu-'l-Fiqar Khan
Ives, 394 n. 1
'Iwaz Khan, 380
122, 123
Infanticide, 181
Ingabu, 483
Inheritance as source of revenue, 419
Intermarriage of Hindus and Muslims,
117, 125, 161, 181; forbidden by
Shah Jahan, 217
Intizam-ud-Daula, 436, 444
Inu Mand, 301
Iqbal Khan, 60
Irani party, 319; described, 331; com-
bine with Turanis against Sayyids,
343
Irij, Irichh, see Erachh
Irrigation, see Canals, 201
Irvine, W. , 74 n. 1, 331 n. 1; on Far-
rukh-siyar, 339; on Bangash Pa-
thans, 353 n. 1; on Maratha raids,
399 n. 1; on Muhammad Khan in
Bundelkhand, 402 n. 2; on Baji
Rao's raid, 403 n. 1; on Nizam at
Delhi, 403 n. 2
'Isa Khan Niyazi, 55, 526
'Isa Tarkhan, Mirza, 569
Isfahan, 357
Ishwar Dar Nagar, 304
Iskandar Khan Uzbeg, 71; becomes
Khan 'Alam, 73; 91, 92, 93, 96
Islamabad Chittagong, 237
Islamic law of land revenue, 471
Islam Khan Chishti, 161; his tomb, 544
Islam Khan Rumi, 255
Islampuri = Brahmapuri, 290
Islam Shah (Jalal Khan) Sur, suc-
ceeds Sher Shah, opposes 'Adil
Khan, suspects old nobles, 58; de-
feats Niyazis, procures murder of
Khavass Khan, 59; attacks Gakkh-'
hars, receives Kamran, 60; dies, 61;
his treatment of the Mahdavis, 62;
his character, 64; his tomb, 528; his
fort at Delhi, 531
Islim Shah Islam Shah, 58
Isma‘il (of Ahmadnagar), 138
Isma'ilia sect, 232, 315
Isma‘il Khan Maka, 292
Isma'il Khan Rumi, 562
Isma'il Quli, 85, 86
Isma'il Shah Safavi, 6, 7, 11, 18, 19
9
Jackson, captain, 505
Jadrup, see Chid Rup, 165 n. 1
Jadu Rai, 186, 187
Ja'far Khan, his earlier titles, be-
comes revenue minister of Bengal,
312; becomes deputy governor of
Bengal and viceroy of Orissa, 331,
341; his death, 364
Ja'far Zatalli, 332
Jagad-Guru, 264
Jagannath (town), 139, 140
Jagannath Singh, Raja, 157, 158
Jagat Singh, 145, 200
Jagdalik, 5, 239
Jagdia, 479
jagir, jagirdar, 300; Aurangzib's de-
mand from, 316; see also Assign-
ments
Jahanara, 233
Jahandar Shah (Mu'izz-ud-din),
eldest son of Bahadur Shah, 325;
becomes emperor, his character,
326; dismisses Hasan 'Ali,
from Delhi to Agra, 327; defeated
at Samogarh by Farrukh-siyar,
328-9; murdered at Delhi, 330
Jahangir (prince Salim), his mother,
8, 102; his birth, 102; refuses com-
moves


## p. 657 (#699) ############################################

INDEX
657
Jahangir (Prince Salim) (continued)
mand in Deccan, 144, 145; appointed
governor of Ajmer, 145; fails in
Mewar and proposes
revolt in
Punjab, 146; diverted towards
Bengal and rebels at Allahabad,
147, 148; incites murder of Abu-'l-
Fazl, 149; reconciled to Akbar, his
drunkenness, 150; suicide of his
first wife, and disgrace, 151; his
supporters, 152; acknowledged as
heir to Akbar, 153; his portrait of
his father, 155; his policy on suc-
cession, 156; crushes Khusrav's re-
bellion, his state anxieties, 157; in-
vades Mewar, 158; receives Roe,
162; his intemperance, 163, 164, 167,
169, 180; moves to Mandu, 164, 260;
his pleasure at Khurram's success
in Deccan, 165; visits and dislikes
Gujarat, 166; his delight in Kash-
mir, 167; in failing health, 168; his
sorrow at death of Khusrav, 169;
receives Persian embassies, 170;
seized by Mahabat Khan, 175; his
last illness, 177; death and charac-
ter, 178-82; his treatment of Guru
Arjan, 245; describes Fathpur Sikri,
539; his love of gardens; 548-50;
builds Akbar's tomb, 549; his tomb,
551-2
Jahangiri Mahall, 537, 554
Jahangirnagar, 190
Jahan Khan, 416, 445
Jahan-kusha-i-Nadiri, 361 n. 2
Jahannumabad, 166
Jahan Shah, son of Bahadur Shah,
325; killed resisting Jahandar Shah,
* 326; his son Raushan-Akhtar, Mu-
hammad Shah, 340
Jahanzib Banu, 282, 301
Jahi Singh, 335
Jai Mal, 82, 98
Jaintia, 520
Jaitpur, 353
Jajau, battle of, 320; service of Barha
Sayyids at, 327
Jalalabad (in Afghanistan), 85
Jalalabad (in United Provinces), 322
Jalal Khan (son of Bihar Khan), 46,
48, 49
Jalal Khan (son of Sher Shah), 29,
30, 50; enthroned as Islam Shah q. v.
Jalal-ud-din Bahadur Shah (of Ben-
gal), 73
Jalal-ud-din Miran Shah, 94
Jalal-ud-din, Qazi, 123
Jalal-ud-din (Raushanai), 138, 147
Jalesar (in Etah district), 431
Jaleswar (in Orissa), 367, 368
jalla jalaluhu, 131
Jalna, 186, 380
Jalodhan, 266
Jam, 166
Jamali Masjid, 529, 530
Jamal Khan (I), 45
Jamal Khan (II), 77
James II of England, 500
jamʻi (=caste), 15
Jami' Masjid, at Sambhal, 524; at
Fathpur Sikri, 540, 543-5; at Jaun-
pur, 548; at Delhi, 555, 558-9; at
Agra, 558; at Tatta, 569; at Bija-
pur, 573; at Burhanpur, 575
Jamkhed, 187
Jammu, 246, 323
Jamrud, 5, 247, 319, 358
Jani Beg, Mirza, 137
Janid chief of Transoxiana, 184, 202
Jani Khan, 328
Janjira, attacks Shivaji, 274; occli-
pies Bombay, 309
Janki Ram, Raja, 442
Jankoji Sindia, escapes from Barari
Ghat, 416, 446; marches to Panipat,
418; his place in battle, 422 ard n.
2; in command at Delhi, 445
Jannatabad (Gaur), 30
Janoji Bhonsle, 389, 442
Jari Phatka, 422
Jasvant Singh, Raja (of Marwar),
212, 224, 239; his death, 247; 257,
258, 273
Jatapon, 500
Jats, rebel against Aurangzib; 243;
many becomes Sikhs, 246; acquire
military habits and threaten Agra,
305; join Jahandar Shah, 328; loot
camps, 329; become predatory po-
wer, 336; rebel, quarrel among
9
9
42


## p. 658 (#700) ############################################

658
INDEX
Jats (continued)
themselves and are subdued by
Jay Singh, 348; join Marathas
against Bangash and Rohilla Af-
ghans, 431; defeat Zu-'l-Fiqar Jang,
431-2; disliked by Rajputs, 432;
threatened by Marathas, 436; atta-
cked by Ahmad Shah Abdali, 438-9
jauhar, at Chitor, 98; Jujhar Singh's
in Golconda, 195
Jauhar, Sidi, 257, 273
Jaund, see Chaund, 46 n. 1
Jaunpur, captured by Humayun, 16;
by Afghans, 21; 27; besieged by
Jalal Khan, 30, 31, 32, 50; entrus-
ted to Jamal Khan, 45; 50; besieged
by Afghans, 81; held by Uzbegs,
2
91, 95
em-
Javan Bakht, Mirza, nominal
Jealousy, among officers, 375; be:-
peror, 447 and n. 2
Javid Khan, chief eunuch, his power,
428; opposes Safdar Jang, 430;
murdered, 434
Javli, 257, 269
Jawhar, 259
Jayappa Sindia, against Bangash
Pathans, 415, 431; killed in Rajpu-
tana, 415; against Jats, 436
Jay Chand, Raja (of Kangra), 103
Jay Singh, Maharana (of Mewar),
250, 252
Jay Singh, Raja (of Amber), sent
against Shah Shuja', 211; defeats
him, 212; pursues Dara, 227; his
death, 247, 255, 273; his campaigns
against Bijapur and Shivaji, 253,
258, 273; 254-5; persuades Shivaji
to visit Agra, 258
Jay Singh Sawai, Raja (of Amber),
at siege of Khelna, 298; aids Bidar
Bakht in Malwa, 313; leaves A'zam
at Jajau, 320; revolts against Baha-
dur Shah and pardoned, 321-2;
becomes viceroy of Malwa, 331, 402;
attacks Churaman Jat, but recalled,
336; 338; favours Nikusiyar, 340;
346; becomes viceroy of Agra and
subdues Jats, 348; fails in Malwa,
354; dies, his friendship with Pesh-
wa, 368, 398
ween Marathas and Brahmans, 382,
412
Jesuits, first mission at Fathpur Sikri,
124; its difficulties, 128; recall, 129;
second mission, 139, 141; third, 141;
cemetery at Agra, 152; their descri-
ption of Akbar, 154; educate two
nephews of Jahangir, 182
Jew's, 240
Jhajar Khan, 100
Jhala (Rajputs), 116
Jhalor, 304
Jhansi captured, 195
Jharkhand, 30
Jhilwara, 250
jihad, 240
Jija Bai, 401
Jiji Anaga, 74
Jinji, see Gingee
Jivan, Malik, 227
jizya, abolished by Akbar, 87, 450;
defined, 241; reimposed by Aurang-
zib, 242, 247, 450; demanded from
Mewar, 248; relinquished, 252; 315;
abolished by Farrukhsiyar, 330; but
re-imposed, 337; levied but not
continued by Muhammad Shah,
346, who declines to levy it, 319;
yield not recorded, 450
Jnaneshvar, 426
Jodh Bai, palace of, 541-2
Jodhpur, 321, 333; palace-fortress at,
548; see also Marwar
Jogigupha, 234
Jogis, 95
Jones, 493 n. 1
Jotana, 104
Jujhar Singh (of Orchha), succeeds
Bir Singh Deo and rebels, 184;
poisons his brother, 185; 189; serves
in Deccan, 194; invades Gondwana,
murdered, 195, 197; 200
Julius Caesar, 19
Jullundur, 11, 67; Bairam Khan de-
feated at, 78; attacked by Adira
Beg Khan, 445
Jullundur Duab, 322-3
Jumna (Western) canals, 201
Junaid Barlas, 28, 47


## p. 659 (#701) ############################################

INDEX
659
Junaid Kararani, 112, 114
Junaid Khan, 65
Junair, see Junnar
Junkceylon, 519
Junnar, 194, 198, 210, 257, 379
Jwalamukhi, 168
Kabul, 4; taken by Babur, 5, 9, 12,
21; taken by Humayun from Kam-
ran, who recovers and again loses
it, 41; again occupied for short time
by Kamran, 42; besieged by Sulai-
man, 71; misgoverned by Muham-
mad Hakim, 85; visited by Akbar,
128; by Jahangir, 158, 175; by Shah
Jahan, 202; a barren possession (in
1707), 316; taken by Nadir Shah,
357; province of annexed by Nadir
Shah, 362; land revenue of, 464
Kachins, 508
Kadus, 508
Kahalgaon, 29, 30
Kahmard, 5, 203
Kaliwa, 98
Kaingsa Manu, 497, 509
Kajali, 234
Kakrali, 89
Kalanaur, 69, 335
kalima, 230, 477
Kalima Shah, king of Arakan, 477
Kalinjar, 21; siege of, by Sher Shah,
55, 58; captured by Majnun Khan,
101; by Chhatra Sal, 313
Kaliya Dih, 171
Kalpi, 34, 51
Kalyan, 257, 267, 268, 282, 295; re-
sidence of Mu'tabar Khan, 296
Kalyani, taken by Aurangzib, 209,
271; 267
Kalyani thein, 490
Kalyan Mal, Raja, 102
Kamal Khan, 86
Kaman, 482
kamavishdars, 300
Kam Bakhsh, 246; at siege of Gin-
gee, intrigues with Raja Ram and
imprisoned, 292-3; opposed by
A'zam, sent to Bijapur, 301-2,
claims succession to Aurangzib,
320; crowned at Bijapur but de-
feated and killed, 321; his grand-
daughter marries Nadir Shah's son,
362; his grandson becomes emperor
as Shah Jahan III, 444
Kamil Khan, 238
Kamlavati, 88
Kampat, see Kantit
Kampengpet, 484, 488
Kamran, 12; appointed to govern
Punjab, Kabul and Qandahar, 21;
his ambitions, 22; enters Hindus-
tan, 32; declines to help Humayun,
33; returns to Punjab, 34; 35; re-
turns to Kabul, 36, 51; assumes
royalty, 40; expelled by Humayun
from Kabul, but recovers and loses
it, 41; reconciled to Humayun, but
again rebels, occupies Kabul and is
expelled, 42; takes refuge in India,
surrendered to Humayun, is blind-
ed and exiled to Mecca, 43, 60, 61
Kamrup, 233, 236
Kanara, 290
Kanarese country, invaded by Mara-
thas, 379; Asaf Jah opposed in, 380;
sce also Mysore
Kanauj, 15; taken by Afghans, 16,
27, 34; battle near, 35, 51; fort built
by Sher Shah, 57
Kanburi, 484
Kandhar, 188, 197, 260, 366
Kandy, 489
Kangra, conquered for Jahangir,
167-8; visited and temple desecra-
ted by him, 169; rebellion in sub-
dued by Murad, 200; see also
Nagarkot
Kanhoji Angria, admiral, revolts in
Konkan, 393; reconciled as ally,
394, 404
Kanthaji Kadam Bhande, 350, 398
Kantit, 172
Kapadvanj, 351
Kara, Kara-Manikpur, 47, 327
Karamnasa, 31, 33
Karanja, 297
Karan, Rao (of Bikaner), 230
Karan Singh (of Mewar), 158
Karapa pass, 239


## p. 660 (#702) ############################################

660
INDEX
Karnal, Muhammad Shan awaits
Nadir Shah at, 359; defeated in
battle near, 360; 364
karnam, 452 n. 1
Karori, 461, 463
Karwar, 275, 279
Kasar ghat, 381, 383
Kashan, 220, 232, 560, 561
Kashghar, 19, 36, 229
Kashi (tiles), 560
Kashmir, 36; taken by Mirza Haider,
37; 60, 120; Akbar's first interfer-
ence in, 124; invaded and annexed
by Akbar, 135, 136; first visit by
Akbar, 138; high assessment of
causes rebellion, 140; Akbar re-
duces land revenue in, 143; visited
and described by Jahangir, 167;
'Ali Mardan becomes governor of,
199; Shah Jahan's last visit to, 206;
gardens and buildings in, 220; visi-
ted by Aurangzib, 228; land reve-
nue of, 464
Kasi (Kashi) Raj, Pandit, 419 n. 2,
420 n. 1, 421
Katehr Rohilkhand, 369 and n. 1
Kathe (Shans), 509
Kathis, 315
Katwa, 367, 441
Kaunghmadaw, 497, 502
Kaungton, 516, 517
Kauravas, 95
Kaveripak, 292
Kavi Jang, 412
Kavi-Kalash, 283, 284
Kawgun, 512
Kelat-i-Ghilzai, 205
Kenghung, 516
Kengtung, 516
Keshav Dev, 242
Khafi Khan on Maratha warfare, 300
Kaibar, see Khyber
Khairabad, battle with Uzbegs at, 93
Khajuha, Aurangzib defeats Shah
Shuja' at , 224; 247; Farrukh-siyar
Khan 'Alam killed at Jajau, 320
Khan 'Alam (Iskandar Khan Uzbeg),
73
Khan A'zam (Mirza 'Aziz · Kuka),
foster-brother of Akbar, 74; gov-
erns Gujarat, 106; besieged by
Mirzas, 108; fails to observe brand-
ing regulation, 110; sent against
Bengal, 126; visits Agra, 128; rejects
Divine Faith and flies to Mecca,
131; 132; raids Berar, 137; his re-
turn from Mecca, 141; partisan of
Khusrav, 152; forgiven and sent to
Deccan, 159; transferred to Mewar
and in disfavour, 161
khandani or chauth, 259
Khan Dauran (Khvaja 'Asim, q. v. ),
330, 331, 334, 345, 348, 351; becomes
minister, 352; visits Malwa, 354;
marches towards Ajmer, 355; his
jealousy of other officials, 356; no-
minated to oppose Nadir Shah, 358;
attacks with Burhan-ul-Mulk, 359;
wounded and dies, 360; his property
confiscated, 362; as viceroy of Ben-
gal, 364
Khan Dauran (Nasiri Khan), rescues
Mahabat Khan, 194; besieged in
Daulatabad, governor of Payan-
ghat, 266; invades Bijapur, 267, 268
Khan Dauran, a title of Nizam-ul-
Mulk, 377
Khan Dauran (Shah Beg Khan,
Arghun), 141
Khande Rao (temple), 241
Khande Rao Dabhade, goes to Delhi
with Husain 'Ali, 338, 395;
Senapati, 398; fights at Balapur,
defeats 'Azz-ud-din at, 327
Khalil-ullah (Sayyid), 239
Khalil-ullah (Yazdi), 213
Khalsa, khalisa, 246, 456; see also
Crown lands
399; death of, 401; his widow, 411
Khande Rao Holkar, 432, 436
Khandesh invaded by Pir Muhammad
Khan, 82; submits to Akbar, 117;
137, 138; envoy sent to, 139; Abu-l-
Fazl appointed governor of, 146;
annexed by Akbar and re-named
Dandesh, 148; raided by Shivaji,
259; by Moro Pant, 278; desolated,
313; invaded by Nizam-ul-Mulk,
343; a bar between Marathas and
Malwa, 379; raided by Marathas,
as


## p. 661 (#703) ############################################

INDEX
661
Khandesh (continued)
383; ceded to Marathas, 388; land
revenue of, 464; buildings in, 575-6
Khandirao, 116
Khandwa, battle at between Nizam-
ul-Mulk and Sayyids, 343
Khan Jahan (‘Ali Murad, q. v.
)
Khan Jahan (Husain Quli Khan),
100, 108; transferred from Punjab
to Bengal, 115; defeats Daud, 116;
death, 121
Khan Jahan (Malik Husain or Baha-
dur Khan, q. v. ), 259 n. 1. chases
Marathas, 282; at final siege of
Bijapur, 285; 306
Khan Jahan (Pir Khan Lodi), sert
to Deccan, 159, 160, 263; bribed by
Ahmadnagar, 176, 265; 177; opposed
to Shah Jahan, 183; rebels, but for-
given, 184; rebels again, 185; helped
by Ahmadnagar, 186; attempts
escape to Punjab, 187; killed in
battle, 188
Khan Jahan, Sayyid, of Barha, 331
Khan Jahan (Shayista Khan, q. v. ),
208
Khan Kalan (Mir Muhammad
Khan), “foster-uncle" of Akbar,
74; sent against Gakkhars, 86; op-
poses
Muhammad Hakim,
transferred from Lahore to Sam-
bhal, 100; sent against Gujarat,
103; wounded, 104
Khan Khanan (‘Abdur-Rahim), 20,
78; gains victories in Gujarat, 133;
becomes governor of Multan and
reduces Sind, 137; adviser to Dani-
yal, 141; to invade Ahmadnagar,
142; fights in Deccan, 143; joins
Daniyal in Deccan, 145; executes
servants who supplied drink to
Daniyal, 151; appointed prime mi-
nister, 157; fails in Deccan and re-
called, 159, 260; sides with Shah
Jahan, 171; abandons him, 172;
forgiven by Jahangir, 173; 263; his
tomb, 552, 562
Khan Khanan (Asaf Khan, q. v. ), 194
Khan Khanan (Bairam Khan, q. v. ),
Khan Khanan (Dilawar Khan), 11
Khan Khanan (Mahabat Khan, q. v. ),
194
Khan Khanan (Mun‘im Khan), 78, 84
Khan Mirza, 8
Khanua, 12, 16; battle of, 17, 49
Khanum Sultan, 102
Khanzada Begam, 7
Khanzada Muhammad, 85
Khan Zaman (‘Ali Quli Khan, q. v. ),
receives title, 73; his immorality,
75; defeats Ibrahim Sur, 77; his
early support of Akbar, 78; defeats
Afghans but retains spoil, 81; re-
pels Afghan invasion, 90; rebels
with Uzbegs, 91-3; pardoned by
Akbar, 93; ill-treats Asaf Khan, 94;
rebels again, 95-6; killed in battle
96; his family pride, 97
Khan Zaman (Aman-ullah, son of
Mahabat Khan), as deputy for
Mahabat Khan, 185; defeats Ran-
dola Khan, 192; unsuccessful aga-
inst Bijapur and recalled, 194;
campaigns against Marathas, 197-8,
267; governor of Balaghat, 166
Khapush, 239
Kharda, 427
Kharepatan, 257
Khargon, 383
Khas M all, 554, 561
Khas Paga, 402, 417
Khatav, 393
Khattaks, 200, 238
Khavass Khan (Abyssinian), 255
Khavass Khan (Afghan), 37, 50, 53,
55; supports 'Adil Khan and flies to
hills, 58; assassinated, 59; religious
views, 62
Khavass Khan (Daulat of Bijapur),
188, 190; supreme in Bijapur, 195,
274; but murdered, 196, 275
Khavasspur (Deccan), 297
Khavasspur (Rajputana), 62
Khavasspur Tanda, 45, 46
Khed, 298
Khelna (Vishalgarh, q. v. ), 296, 298
Kherla, 137, 314
Khirki, demolished by Shah Jahan,
169, 262, 265; becomes residence of
94;


## p. 662 (#704) ############################################

662
INDEX
Khirki (continued)
Aurangzib and re-named Auran-
gabad, 269; see also Aurangabad
Khiva, 4, 5, 202, 229
Khizr Khan, 9
Khizr Khan Sur becomes Jalal-ul-din
Bahadur Shah of Bengal, 73
Khizr Khvaja Khan, 71, 73
Khojas, 315
Khudabad, 570
Khuda Bakhsh Library, 150
Khudaganj, 430
Khuldabad, 302
Khuld-makan, 302
Khumbat, 509
Khurasan taken by Mahmud Khan,
357
Khurram (Shah Jahan), occupies
Mewar, 161; grants illiberal trading
terms to English, 162; grants bet-
ter terms, his faction at court,
marries Arjumand Banu (Mumtaz
Mahall), 163; obtains charge of
Khusrav, sent to Deccan, 164, 260;
settles affairs of Deccan and re-
ceives title of Shah Jahan (q. v. ),
165, 261
Khushab, 37
Khush-hal Khan, 238, 240
Khusrav, prince, favoured by Akbar
as heir, 150; his partisans, 152; es-
capes from Agra, 156; his rebellion
crushed, 157; 181-2; blinded owing
to fresh plot, 158; personated in
Bihar, 160; his attitude to his father,
161; in danger of his life, 164; de-
clines a second marriage, 165; his
popularity, placed in charge of
Shah Jahan, 168; his death, 169-70;
his sons executed, 183; 216; blessed
by Guru Arjan, 245
Khusrav Shah Qipchag, 3, 4, 17
khutba, 51, 66, 95, 99, 104; recited by
Akbar, 121; 126, 136, 139, 140; in
Shah Jahan's name at Golconda,
197, 266; Shiah innovation by Ba-
hadur Shah in, 324; in Nadir Shah's
name at Delhi, 361; and at Murshi-
dabad, 364
Khvaja Ahrar, 20
Khvaja Anwar, 312
Khvaja 'Asim (Samsam-ud-Daula,
Khan Dauran, q. v. ), 330, 331, 337
Khvaja Beg, 159
Khvaja Jahan, 92, 96
Khvaja Kilan, 12, 14, 15
Khvaja Mu'azzam, 68
Khwabgah, 555
Khwarizm, see Khiva
Khyber Pass, 5; tribes near, 134; in
charge of Afridis and Orakzais,
137; Aurangzib's operations against
238-40, 259; Nadir Shah resisted in,
358
Kidd, William, 310
Kincaid and Parasnis, 392 n. 3, 393,
403 n. 1, 404 n, 1, 405 n. 1, 410
King Island, 500
King-makers, 327, 399
Kinyua, 511
Kiratpur, 245
Kirat Singh, 55, 58
Kirkee, 426
Kishan Singh, 177
Kishtwar, 167
Koch, fight Ahoms and defeated by
Mughuls, 200
Kohat, 5, 10
Koh-i-Nur, 13
Kokaltash Khan, 328, 329
Kol, 32; modern 'Aligarh, 429; 431
Kolaba, 404
Kolar, 279
Kolhapur, taken by Khan Zaman,
198, 267; residence of Shambhuji,
380; name of party supporting
Shambhuji, 393; party defeated,
401
Koli country, 259
Kolis, 315
Konbaungset, 506 n. 1, 507 nn. 1 and
2, 509 n. 2, 510 n. 1, 511 n. 2, 513 p.
1, 514 n. 1, 517 n. 1
Kondhana (later Sinhgarh, q. v. ), held
by Shahji, 267; secured by Shivaji,
268
Konkan, held by Marathas, 194; to be
held by Bijapur, 196; cleared of
Marathas, 198; occupied by Shivaji,
257; formerly held by Bijapur, 267;


## p. 663 (#705) ############################################

INDEX
663
>
Konkan (continued)
Shivaji in, 273; defined, 279; in-
vaded by Hasan 'Ali Khan, 282:
raided by Shah Alam, 283; Mu'ta-
bar Khan in, 295-6; Maratha cam-
paign against Portuguese in, 356,
404-6; Kanhoji Angria's revolt in,
393; 394
Konkanastha (Brahman), 393
Koppal, 278, 279
Kora, 224
Koran, oath on supposed, 365
Kosaungchok, 490
Kot Mirza Jan, 335
Krishna Ram, Raja, 311
Krishna Rao, 393
Krishna Savant, 295, 313
Kuch Bihar, see Cooch Behar
Kuch Hajo, 233
Kul-i-Malik, 7
kulkarni, 452 n. 1
Kuloosha, see Kavi-Kalash
Kumari Dula (or Sahib Dei), 336
Kumaun, 58, 59; enmity with Garl-
wal, 207
Kumbhalgarh, 98, 250
Kunjpura, 419, 447
Kurnool, 387
Kurukshetra, 95
Kusa, 98
Kyaikpadaing, 507
Kuyaiktiyo, 490
Kyaukmyaung, 512
Kyaukse, 482; settled by prisoners,
496; held by Chinese, 498; occupied
by Talaings, 503; granary, 513
Kyaw Dun, 487 n. 2
Nadir Shah, 358; captured by Ma-
rathas, 416, 445; Akbar's fort at,
538; buildings in fort, 555; archi-
tectural style at, 559-61
Lakhau, 234, 235
Lakhola, 98
Lakkaredi-palli, 387
Lakshmi Narayan, 233
La'l Das, Baba, 217 n. 2
La‘l Kumari, 326, 328, 329
Lally, 390, 412
Lal Singh (Khichi), 306
Lal Tikri, 299
Landholders, 472, 473
Land revenue, Sher Shah's system,
56, 456-8; revised in Gujarat, con-
version of assignments to crown
lands, 109, 461; Todar Mal's sche.
me, 110, 459; excessive in Kashmir,
140; reduced by Akbar, 143; asses-
sed by Shah Shuja' in Bengal, by
Murshid Quli Khan in Deccan, 213,
468; additions to, 231; yield in Gu-
jarat under Aurangzib, 242, total
under Aurangzib, 316; collections
of leased by Ratan Chand, 337; of
Deccan under Asaf Jah, 378; im-
portance of to state, 385; falls in
Deccan 1725-85, 386 n. 1; Balaji
Peshwa's scheme for, 396, Maratha
methods of collecting, 398; impro-
ved by Balaji, 414; included salt,
450; receipts under Akbar and
Shah Jahan, 450; assessment of,
452-6; under Sher Shah, 456-8;
under Akbar, 458-61; remissions
of, 461; alienations of, 465; under
Jahangir, 466-7; under Shah Ja-
han, 467-8; under Aurangzib, 463-
72; distribution of, 470; Thalun's
assessment of, 497
lang, 14
Langahs, 53, 54
Langlès, 561
languta, 14
Lao Shan, 487, 488, 515
Lashio, 516, 517
Lashkari, 86
lashkar-khez, 315
Launay, 500 n. 1
Lac, 501
Lachhmana, 390
Lachman Singh (Baghel), 201
Lachmi Narayan (of Cooch Behar),
144
Lacquer, 487
Ladli Begam, 168
Lahore, captured by Babur,
11;
Akbar's sport at, 95; Shah Jahan's
first visit as emperor to, 194;
threatened by Sikhs, 322; Bahadur
Shah's death at, 324; occupied by


## p. 664 (#706) ############################################

664
INDEX
Launggyet, 476, 477
Laurie, 514 n. 1
Lavine, 509
Law, M. , 389
Lawani, 89
Lawbooks of Mahapinnyakyaw, 478
Lawksawk, 487
Lead, 317
Leedes, 135, 151
Lemyethna, 478
Lettres et conventions, 388 n. 1, 389
Letwethandara, 508, 513
Lischoten, 489 n. 2, 502 n. 1
Linzin, see Viengchang 486
Literature, Babur's poems, 20; Jahan-
gir's love of, 180; during Shah
Jahan's reign, 220; of the Marathas,
426-7; of Talaings and Burmese,
508
Lodi, tombs, 527, 532, 535; domes, 541,
561, 576
Lohagarh, 393
Lohani tribe, 47, 48
Lohar Chakk, 124
Lohgarh, 323, 324, 335
Lokamyu, 480
Lonavla, 394
Lon Karan, Rai, 115
Louis XIV of France, 500
Luard, C. E. , 562
Lucknow, 49; attacked by Bangash
Afghans, 430
Lunhse, 505
Lutf-ullah Khan Sadiq, 334
Madras Consultations, 384 n. 1
Magh Raja, 226
Maghs, 191; as pirates, 236-7; 479;
driven out of Sandwip, 481
Mahabat Khan (Luhrasp), 239, 253,
259
Mahabat Khan (Mir Ibrahim), 305
Mahabat Khan (Zamana Beg), 156;
sent against Mewar, 158; sent to
Deccan, 159; out of favour, 164;
defeats Shah Jahan at Bilochpur,
171; and at Damdama, 172-3; seizes
Jahangir, 174-5; his influence fades,
175-6; joins Shah Jahan, 177; sup-
ports his succession, 183; on fron-
tier and in Bundelkhand, 184; ap-
pointed to Deccan, 190, 265; besie-
ges Daulatabad, 192; captures it,
193, 265; his title of Khan Khanan
and death, 194
Mahabharata, 133
Mahad, 257
Mahadammayaza-dipati, king of
Burma, 502
Mahadev hills, 294, 295
Mahadji Sindia, 425, 448
Mahagiri, 487
Maham Anaga, Akbar's nurse, 75; in
"harem party", 77; intercedes for
Adham Khan, 80; incensed at Atga
Khan's appointment as mi 81;
dies of grief, 83-4
Mahamuni, 476
Mahananda, 226
Mahananda lake, 509
Mahanawrahta, 514, 515
Mahapinnyakyaw, 478
Maharashtra, 281; attacked by Auran-
gzib, 282-3; Maratha organisation
in, 291; Mughuls on defensive ja,
296; invaded by Nizam, 380; by
Salabat Jang, 387; by Nizam 'Ali,
391
Maha Singh, 145, 146
Mahasiri-uttamajaya, 509
Mahathihathura, 517, 518, 520, 521
Mahazedi, 489, 490
Mah Chuchak Begam, 85
Mahdi claimants, 61, 62, 114
Maasir-ul-uimara, 388
Macaulay, 364 n. 2
Machhi Bhawan, 554, 567
Machiavelli, 19
Machiwara, 78, 127, 372
Mc od, 517 n. 1
madad-i-ma'ash, 465
Madagascar, 310
Madanna, 274, 276, 286, 287
Madaya, 503, 505
Madhukar Sah, 117
Madras, Fort St George founded at,
306; President and Council estab-
lished at, and Bengal subordinate
to, 307


## p. 665 (#707) ############################################

INDEX
665
Mahdi Khvaja, with Babur at Pani-
pat, 12-13; governor of Bayana, 16;
at battle of Khanua, 17; a possible
successor to Babur, 18, 21 n. 1
Mahdi Qasim Khan, 93, 94
Mahi, 26
Mahim, 5
Mahipati, 427
Mahmud, son of Abu Sa'id Khan, 3
Mahmud, son of Yunus Khan, 4
Mahmud (of Bengal), defeated by
Sher Khan, flies to Humayun, 29,
50; death, 30; invades Bihar, but is
defeated, 48
Mahmud of Ghazni, 14, 168
Mahmud III (of Gujarat), 52
Mahmud Bigara, Sultan (of Gujarat),
437
Mahmud Khalji, 9, 16
Mahmud Khan Bangash plunders
Oudh, 430
Mahmud Khan Ghilzai, 357
Mahmud Khan (Sayyid of Barha), 74,
war, 365; collects tribute in Malwa,
398; at siege of Bassein, 405-6; ag-
ainst Bangash Pathans, 415, 431;
against Jats and called to Delhi,
415, 434, 436, 439; 416; joins Sada-
shiv Rao, 418; at Panipat, 421, 422
and n. 2; withdraws, 425; raids in
Duab, 446; keeps Malwa, 448
Malik 'Ambar, rises in importance,
148; consolidates Deccan states, 157,
260; employs Marathas and defies
Mughuls, 159, 160, 166; again raises
trouble, 168, 261; makes terms with
Shah Jahan, 169, 262; declines to
help him in rebellion, 172; attacks
Bijapur, 173, 262; his death and
character, 176, 263; exacts subsidy
from Golconda, 262; his land reve-
nue, 396
105
Mahmud Khan, grandson of Sher
Shah, 54
Mahmud Lodi, 16, 17, 21, 47, 49
Mahmud Sultan, 94
Mahtab Bagh, 566
Mahuli, 257
Mahur, 275, 383
Mahyarji Rana, Dastur, 107, 121
Mairtia clan, 248
Majnun Khan Qaqshal, fights Afghans
near Jaunpur, 81; holds Manikpur
against Uzbegs, 91; joins Akbar, 92;
at Kara Manikpur, 94; in operations
against Uzbegs, 96-6; takes Kalin-
jar, 101
Makhdum-ul-Mulk, 62, 63, 120, 122,
129
Makrana marble, 553, 565
Malacca, 489, 500, 501
Malandarai, 135
Malcolm, 402 n. 3, 415 n. 2
Maldeo Raja, 39, 54, 55, 102
Malhar Rao Holkar, ravages Malwa,
353-4, 402; besieges Bhadawar and
repulsed by Burhan-ul-Mulk, 356,
403; his headquarters at Mahesh-
Malik-i-Maidan, 265
Malkapur, 194
Malkhed, 255, 286
Mallu Qadir Khan (or Shah), 23, 24;
recovers Malwa, 27, 51; submits to
Sher Shah, 52
Malot, 12
Malpura, 303
Malwa, occupied by Humayun, 24;
lost to Mallu Khan, 27, 51; invaded
by Sher Shah, 52; abortive Mughul
expedition against, 79; taken by
Mughuls, 79; recovered by
Baz Bahadur but lost by him,
82; Mirzas expelled from, 97; royal
buildings of, 165; Bhils rebel in,
192; Gonds and Bhils rebel in, 201;
plundered by Bundelas, 306; its im-
portance to Mughuls, 312; Marathas
first raid in, 313; raided by Bakht
Buland, 314; governed by Nizam-
ul-Mulk, 341-2; raided by Marathas,
349; by Malhar Rao, 353-4; Muham-
mad Khan and Jay Singh fail to
rule, 354, 402; ‘Azim-ullah's failure
in, 366; ceded to Peshwa with prince
Ahmad as deputy, 368; 398; land
revenue of, 464
Mana, 116
Manaji Angria, 406


## p. 666 (#708) ############################################

663
INDEX
>
on
Manchu dynasty, 497, 499; contin-
command in Deccan, 159, 160
Man Singh, Raja (Tonwar), his
palaces at Gwalior, 537, 560
Manu, 509
Manucci, on intemperance, 231; on
treatment of Shah Jahan by Au-
rangzib, 232; on jizya, 242; on rights
of 'Ali 'Adil Shah II, 271; on deso-
lation in Deccan, 300; on Maratha
troops, 301; death of Shah
gents, 516, 517
Mandal, 252
Mandrawar, 6, 10, 238
Mandrel, 23
Mandu, 23; description of, taken by
Humayun, 24; 26; recovered by
Mallu Khan, 27, 51; 57, 83; visited
by Jahangir, 165; threatened by
Malik 'Ambar, 261; 342
Mangali (gate), 286
Mangalvide, 284
Mangarwal, 96 n. 1
Mangrul, 380
Manikpur, 27, 47, 91, 92
Manipur, annexed by Bayinnaung,
486; independent and raids Burma,
502; invaded by Alaungpaya, 509;
raided by Hsinbyushin, 512; pri-
soners executed at Ava, 513; raided
by Burmese, 518, 520
Mankot, 73, 75
Mankuwar, 96 n. 1
Mannu, Mir, popular name of Mu'in-
ul-Mulk (q. v. )
Manrique, 191 n. 2, 192 n. 1, 202 n. 1;
on enervation of Mughuls, 204 n. 1;
his success on behalf of Christia-
nity, 218; on population of Mron-
aung, 477 n. 2; on coronation sacri-
fices in Arakan, 479 n. 4; on archi-
tect of Taj Mahall, 561-2
mansabdars (officers), 110, 300; num-
ber of Aurangzib's, 316
Man Singh, Raja (Kachhwaha), en-
ters Akbar's service, 81; in Gujarat,
104; invades Mewar, 115, 116; his
reluctance to crush the Rana, 117;
sent to Kabul, 127; rejects “Divine
Faith", 131; sent against Kabul, 134;
defeats Raushanais, 136; unpopular
at Kabul, 137; transferred to Bihar,
138; crushes rebellion in Bengal,
139; in Orissa, 140; in Bengal and
Orissa, 143; as guardian of Saliin
(Jahangir), 145; urges Salim to re-
bel in Bengal, 147; alienated from
Salim, 151; favours Khusrav, 152;
leaves Agra for Bengal, 156; re-
moved from office, 157; named to
Shuja', 481 n. 1
Manu Kye, 509
Manu ing dhammathat, 508
Manusarashwemin, 497
maqsura, 545
Marahra, 430
Maratha ditch, 408
Marathas, employed by Malik 'Ambar,
159, 166, 261, 262; harass Man Singh,
160; realise their own strength, 166.
employed by Shah Jahan in rebel-
lion, 171; alienated by Ahmadnagar,
186; join Shah Jahan, 187; hold
Konkan and Poona, 194; their posi-
sion threatened by Shah Jahan, ! 96:
come to terms, 197-8; rise under
Shivaji, 210, 256; their debt to
Shivaji, 279; their annual plunder-
ing expeditions, 281; attacked by
Aurangzib, 282; their power depres-
sed, 283; apparently crushed, 284;
trouble Aurangzib, though without
central ruler, 290; their recovery
and leaders, 291; lose Gingee, 293;
their success in western India, 293-
4; civil war between Santaji anci
Dhana, 295; their methods of war-
fare, 299-300; masters of Deccan,
300; invade Gujarat, 304, 315; their
first raid in Malwa, 313; accompany
Husain 'Ali to Delhi, 338; fight in
the city, 339; encouraged by Nizam-
ul-Mulk to raid north of Narbada,
347, 349; in Malwa and Gujarat,
349; in Gujarat, 350; expelled from
Gujarat, 351; return there, 353;
ravage Malwa and take Hindaun,
354; administration weakens at
death of Baji Rao, 365; invade Ben-
gal, 367; their contests with Nasir


## p. 667 (#709) ############################################

667
Maung Maung, king of Burma, 521-2
Mauryas, 556
Mausoleum, see Tombs
Mavji, P. V. , 395 n. 3
Mayurbhanj, 367
Mazandaran, 357
Meadows Taylor, 293 n. 2
Measurement, 454, 457, 458, 468
Mecca, Shah Jahan sends presents to,
19; Aurangzib receives embassies
from, 229; pilgrim traffic to, 303,
310
Medallions, 476, 477, 478, 480
Medina, 219
Medini Rai, 17
Medinipur, see Midnapore
Memoirs (of Babur), detail his ex-
peditions, 10 n. 1; describe India,
14-16; an auto-biography 19-20; a
rebuke to Humayun, 43; critical of
Indian buildings, 523, of Babur's
own mosque at Agra, 524
Memoirs (of Jahangir), 161; their
description of Kashmir, 167; admit
his intemperance, 169; on Persian
embassy, 170; discontinued, 174;
their value, 178; 180 n. 2; 217 n. 2
Menezes, Pedro de, 129
Mergui, 500, 501
Merta, surrendered to Akbar, 82, 99;
assigned to Ajit Singh, 304; occu-
pied by Mihrab Khan, 321; 333
Meshed, 7
Messianic propaganda, 61, 62
Methwold, 219
Mewar, 55, 59; occupied by Akbar, 99;
again attacked, 115, 116; Jahangir
(as prince) omits to attack, 146;
sends Parviz to invade, 158; failure
of Raja Basu against, 160; subdued
by Khurram, 161; attacked by Au-
rangzib, 248-9; terms of peace with
Aurangzib, 252; in revolt against
Bahadur Shah, 321
Mewat, 15, 17, 58; ravaged by Ra-
INDEX
Marathas (continued)
Jang, 383; their kings mere puppets
after 1749, 411; their increasing
luxury, 413; their system of govern-
ment, 414; their raids, 415; called to
Delhi by Ghazi-ud-din, 415, 439; in
Rajputana, 415-16; capture Lahore,
their power at zenith, 416, 445;
fail at Panipat, 422-4, 448; their
losses, 425; called against Bangas! )
Pathans, 431
Marghub, 15
Marhamat Khan, 342
Martaban, sacked, 483; 486; great
port, 491; burnt by Talaings, 498;
Talaings kill Burmese at, 503; sends
tribute to Alaungpaya, 510
Ma'ruf Farmuli, 15, 16
Marv, 7
Marwar, 39, 55; annexed by Aurang-
zib, 228, 247-8; but disturbed by
war, 302; recovered by Ajit Singhi,
303; dissensions in, 304; revolts
against Bahadur Shah, 321; sub-
dued by Husain 'Ali, 333
masands, 244, 245
masnad-i-aóla, 244
Mason, 509, n. 1
Massacre of Kinsmen, 480
Massignon, L. , 217 n. 2
Mastani, 407
Mas'ud of Ghazni, 64
Mas'ud Husain Mirza, 94, 106, 103
Mas'ud Khan, Sidi (of Bijapur), raids
Mughul territory, 254; becomes mi-
nister in Bijapur, 255; combines
with Shivaji, 256; makes fresh pact
with Shivaji, 259, 278; his recon-
ciliation with 'Abdul-Karim Khan,
277; resigns office, 284; helps to
defend Bijapur, 285; 290
Masulipatam, English at, 172, 306
Ma'sum Khan, Farankhudi, 126, 127,
128
Ma'sum Khan Kabuli, 126, 132
Mata Sundari, 335
Mathura, see Muttra
Mathurapur, 234, 235
Matiaburuj, 308
Maungdaung sayadaw, 513
thors, 303; 322
Meza hill, 513
Mezataungche, 513
Mian Mir, 227
Middleton, 162


## p. 668 (#710) ############################################

668
INDEX
Dacca and Patna, 330; becomes
viceroy of Bengal, 331; advices
Farrukh-siyar to murder oppo-
nents, 332; sets him against the
Sayyid brothers, 333; continues to
intrigue and transferred to Bihar,
334; returns to Delhi and sent to
Lahore, 336; returns and joins
Sayyids, 337
Mir Malang, 301
Mir Muhammad Khan becomes Khan
Kalan, 74
Mir Vais, 357
Mirza Haidar Dughlat, cousin of Ba-
bur, author of Tarikh-i-Rashidi, 3,
18, 19, 20; joins Humayun, 34; at
battle near Kanauj, 35; proposes
conquest of Kashmir, 36; seizes
Kashmir, 37; quarrels with Chakks,
60
see
Mirza Khan, 6
Mirza Khan,
Khan Khanan
(“Abdur-Rahim), 78
Mirzas (the) = Timurid princes, 1;
Midnapore, 112, 140, 441, 442, 443
mihrab, 530-1, 545, 573, 574
Mihrab Khan, 321
Mihr 'Ali, 118
Mihr 'Ali Beg Silduz, 79
Mihr-un-Nisa, see Nur Jahan, 163
Mihtar Mahall, 571-2
Mildenhall, 151, 152
milk (domain), 465
Milwat, see Malot
Minbin, king of Arakan, 4
Ming dynasty, 497
Mingalamanaung, 480
Mingjui, 517
Minhkamaung, king of Arakan, 478
Minhkaungnawratha, 511, 512
minlaung (pretenders), 503, 505
Minrazagyi, king of Arakan, 478
Minredeippa, king of Burma, murders
father, 495; elected king but exe-
cuted, 496
Minrekyawdin, king of Burma, 499
Mints, reform of by Akbar, 119; as
source of revenue, 449; see also
Coins
Minyeyaza, 521
Miraj, 190, 193, 265, 267, 274
Mirak Mirza Ghiyas, 532
Mirak Rizavi (Rizavi Khan), 97
Mir 'Ali Khalifa, 12, 18, 47
Miran Mubarak Shah I, 575
Mir Habib, invites Marathas to Ben-
gal, 367; 442, 443
Miriam's house, 542
Mir Ja'far (Mir Muhammad Ja'far
Khan), governor of Orissa, 442
Mir Jumla (Muhammad Sa'id, Mir),
minister of Golconda, disputes with
king, 207, 269; joins Mughuls and
becomes Shah Jahan's minister with
title Mu'azzam Khan, 208, 270; in
command against Bijapur, 209, 271;
dismissed by Dara, 211, 272; sup-
ports indigo monopoly, 218; at
battle of Khajuha, 224; pursues
Dara, 225; drives him from Bengal,
226; his campaign in Assam, 234-
5; dies, 235; 236
Mir Jumla (“Ubaid-ullah, Shari'yat-
ullah Khan, Turani), judge of
oppose Humayun, 22; rebel against
Akbar, 94; driven from Malwa to
Gujarat, 97; invades Malwa, 99;
101; in Gujarat, 104; scattered by
Akbar, 105; final suppression of,
108, 109
Missions, earliest to Akbar, 124; se-
cond, 139, 141; third, 141; their
treatment by Shah Jahan, 217-18;
Goanese and Italian in Burma, 495;
French in Burma, 500; see also
Jesuits, Portuguese
Mithraic symbolism, 560
Mitra Sen Nagar (Raja Birbal), 340
Mocha, 229, 310
Modhera, 542
Mogaung, 487, 516, 517
Mogors, see Mughuls
Mohan Nala, 384
Mohan Singh, 382
Mohmands, 239
Mohnyin, 487, 517
Mokkainggyi, 507
Moksobomyo - Shwebo, 504
Momeik, 487, 489
Monas, 235


## p. 669 (#711) ############################################

INDEX
669
None, 486, 497
Monghyr, 31, 50, 222, 224
Monopoly, of indigo, 218, 449; of lead
and saltpetre, 449
Mons, see Talaings, 492 n. 2
Monserrate, his description of Shaikh
Salim, 102; sets out for Akbar's
court, 121; arrives, 124; complains
of Mughul attacks on Daman, 138;
Akbar's denial of attacks to, 129;
his portrait of Akbar, 155; on
Fathpur Sikri, 539
Nontani, 524 n. 2
Moradabad, 369, 429, 431
Moreland, W. H. , 186 n. 1, 197 n. 1,
218 . 2, 493 n. 1
Moropant (poet), 427
Moro Pant Peshwa, 278
Morris, 487 n. 2
Mosques, built by Shah Jahan at
Tatta, 220, 569-70; by Babur, 524;
by Humayun, 525; Moth-ki-Masjid,
529; Jamali Masjid, 529, 530; Qil'a
-i-Kuhna, 530; Khair-ul-manazil,
531; Moti Masjid (Agra), 536, 554-
5; Jami' Masjid at Fathpur Sikri,
540; Jami' Masjid at Delhi, 555,
558-9; Jami' Masjid at Agra, 558;
Wazir Khan's, 561; Badshahi, 567;
Aurangzib's at Benares, 568; Jami'
Masjid at Bijapur, 57,3; Jami' Mas-
jid and Bibi-ki-Masjid at Burhan-
pur, 575
9
Moth-ki-Masjid, 529
Moti Mahall, 557
Moti Masjid (Agra), 536, 554-5
"Mountain Rat”, 279
Mozambique, 309
Mrauk-u, 476
Mrohaung, 476, 477, 478, 480, 483
Mu, river, 509; valley, 521
muſafi, see Land revenue, madad-i-
ma'ash, milk, suyurghal
Mu'azzam (son of Aurangzib), inva-
des Mewar, 249; becomes viceroy
of Deccan with title of Shah Alam,
256; recalled, 278; see also Shah
'Alam
Mu'azzam Khan, title of Muhammad
Sa'id, Mir Jumla (q. v. ), 208
Mu'azzam, Khvaja, 87
mu'azzin, 56
Mubarak (Shaikh), 62, 106; his reli-
gious experiences, 114; his advice
to Akbar, 121; arranges religious
debates, 122; signs Infallibility
Decree, 123; his flattery of Akbar,
129
Mubarak II (of Khandesh), 82, 89
Mubarak Khan, 78
Mubariz Khan (Shahamat Khan),
viceroy of Gujarat, 331; go rnor
of Hyderabad, opposes the Nizain,
349-50, 378, 399; killed, 350, 377;
385
Mubariz Khan Sur, 60, 61; murders
his nephew and succeeds as 'Adil
Shah (q. v. ), or Muhammad 'Adil,
64
Mubayyin, 20
mubid, 107
Mughul art, 178
Mughulmari, 113
Mughuls enervated in India, 204 n. 1
Muhammad's footprint, 124
Muhammad II (of Khandesh), 106
Muhammad (son of Bayazid), 113
Muhammad I, Bahmani, 392 n. 2
Muhammad 'Adil, see 'Adil Shah Sur
Muhammad 'Adil Shah (of Bijapur),
188, 196, 208; dies, 209, 270; 257,
264, 266, 268, 269; his tomb, 528,
571
Muhammad Amin Khan (son of Mir
Jumla), 238, 239, 269
Muhammad Amin Khan (cousin of
Nizam-ul-Mulk 1), member vf
Turani party, 319; deserts Kani
Bakhsh, 321; defeats Sikhs, 323;
with Jahandar Shah against Far-
rukh-siyar, 328; becomes second
paymaster with titles I'timad-ud-
Daula, Nusrat Jang, 331; disgusted
by Farrukh-siyar's treachery, 334;
joins Sayyids, 338; leads in plot to
kill Husain 'Ali, 344; dies, 346;
compared with Nizam, 377
Muhammad Amin, Mir, becomes
Sa'adat Kahn (q. v. ), and conspires
against Sayyids, 344
>


## p. 670 (#712) ############################################

670
INDEX
>
Muhammad Baqar Khan, Mirza, 367
Muhammad Ghaus, 32; his tomb, 532,
535
Muhammad Hadi, later known as
Kar Talb Khan, Murshid Quli
Khan, or Ja'far Khan (q. v. )
Muhammad Hakim, governor
of
Kabul, 84; seeks aid from Mirza
Sulaiman, 85; marries Sulaiman's
daughter, 86; invades Punjab, 94;
urged by Akbar to submit, 120;
supported by Indian rebels, 125;
proclaimed in Bihar and secretly
invited by Akbar's courtiers, 126;
proclaimed in Bengal, invades In-
dia, but retires, 127; flies to Ghur-
band, submits and forgiven by
Akbar, 128; death, 134
Muhammad Husain, Mir (Namud),
346
Muhammad Husain Mirza, 94, 105,
106, 108
Muhammad Ibrahim, 287
Muhammadi Raj, 248
Muhammad Jan, 220
Muhammad Karim, 326, 331
Muhammad Khan Bangash, early
career, 352-3, 429; unsuccessful in
Bundelkhand, 353; and in Malwa,
354, 382, 402; re-appointed to
Allahabad, 355; did not intrigue
with Nadir Shah, 359; founder of
Farrukhabad, 429
Muhammad Khan Sur, 46, 47, 48
Muhammad Mulla (of Yazd), 126
Muhammad Muqim Khan, 3, 5, 6
Muhammad Murad (I'tiqad Khan),
337, 338
Muhammad Muzaffar (Sultan), 9, 11
Muhammad Panah, Mir, name of
Ghazi-ud-din (q. v. ), son of Nizam-
ul-Mulk, 386
Muhammad Qanauji, Sayyid, 233
Muhammad Qasim Khan, 84, 136
Muhammad Quli Khan, 443, 444
Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (of Gol-
conda), 261
Muhammad Qutb Shah (of Golcon-
da), 261
Muhammad Sa'id, Mir,
Mir
Jumla, 207
Muhammad Salih (Khvaja), 84, 90
Muhammad Shah, becomes emperor,
340; his horror at murder of Husain
'Ali, 344; wins battle of Bilochpur,
345; marries daughter of Farrukh-
siyar, 346; neglects public business,
349; seeks help from Nizam-ul-
Mulk, 355; addressed by Nadir
Shah, 357-8; defeated near Karnal
and meets Nadir Shah, 360; warned
by Nadir Shah against misrule,
362; schemes against Turanis, 36. 3,
366, 399; attempts to assert autho-
rity over viceroys, 368; attacks
'Ali Muhammad Khan, 370; his
death and character, 373; his grants
to Marathas, 396
Muhammad Shah, Yusufzai, 238
Muhammad Shaibani Khan, see Shai-
bani Khan
Muhammad Sultan (son of Aurang-
zib), marries Golconda princess,
208, 270; opposes Shah Shuja', 224;
pursues Dara, but joins him, 225;
imprisoned, 226, 273; sent against
Golconda, 269
Muhammad Sultan Mirza, 12, 22, 27,
28
Muhammad Yar Khan, 369
Muhammad Zaitun, 15
Muhammad Zaman Mirza, 22, 23, 27,
28
Muhibbʻalipur, 441
Muhiyy-ul-Millat, title of Shah Ja-
han III, 444
Muhkam Singh (of Nagaur), 304
Muhkam Singh Jat, 348
Muhtasib, 230, 241
Mu'in-ud-din Chishti, 81, 101, 16:,
348
Mu'in-ul-Mulk, becomes viceroy of
Punjab, 373, 428; resists Ahmad
Shah Abdali, 433-4; appointed by
Abdali governor of Punjab, 434;
dies, 437
Mu'izz-ud-din, later Jahandar Shah
(q. v. ), 325
Mu'izz-ul-Mulk, 92, 93
mujtahid, 122
see


## p. 671 (#713) ############################################

INDEX
671
Mukarram Khan, 239
Mukhlis Khan, 310
Mukhlispur, 323
Mukhya Pradhan, 392 n. 2
Mukteshvar, 426
Mukund Deo, 92
Mukundraj, 426
Mulher, 383
Muller, 8
Multan, Khizr Khan made governor
of by Timur, 9; taken for Sher
Shah, 37; taken by Haibat Khan
from the Baloch, 53; governed well
by Fath Jang Khan, 54; ceded by
Ahmad Shah to Afghanistan, 434;
giazed earthenware of, 560
Muluk Chand, Rai, 306
mulukgiri, defined, 398 n. 4; 412,
414
Mumin Khan, 369, 411 n. 1
Mumins, 315
Mumtaz Mahall, marries Shah Jahan,
163; her death, 189; her grievance
against Portuguese, 191; 220 n. 2;
her tomb, 566
Mundiyas, 243
Mungi Shevgaon, 400
Mungir, see Monghyr
Mun'im Khan (Khan Khanan) at
Kabul, 75; pursues Bairam Khan,
78; his anger at Atga Khan's pro-
motion, 81; reinstated as minisier,
84; fails to take Kabul and appoin-
ted to Agra, 85; in operations
against Uzbegs, 91-3; obtains their
assignments, 97; visits Sulaiman of
Bengal, 99; repels Bayazid of Ben-
gal, 111; invades Bengal, 111-13;
wounded, 113; dies, 114
Mun'im Khan (son of Sultan Beg),
revenue minister of Bahadur Shah,
319, 325; defeats Kam Bakhsh, 321;
against Sikh rebels, 323
munsif, 56
Muqarrab Khan (Africa), 148
Muqarrab Khan (Persian),
mands Ahmadnagar troops, 186-7;
friendly to Bijapur, 188; joins
Mughul services and gains title
Rustam Khan, 189; killed at Sanrio-
garh, 213 and n. 2
Muqarrab Khan (Shaikh Hasan or
Hassu), governor of Surat, 162
Muqarrab Khan, Khan Zaman
(Shaikh Niam), 284
Murad, prince, born, 102; sent against
Muhammad Hakim, 127, 128; to
intervene in Deccan, 140, 141; to
invade Deccan, 142; his disputes
with Khan Khanan, 143; recalled
to court and dies, 144
Murad Bakhsh, born, 173; crushes
rebellion in Kangra, 200; takes
Balkh, but withdraws, 203; rebels
in Gujarat, 211; with Aurangzib at
battle of Dharmat, 212; his bra-
very at Samogarh, 213; his suspi-
cions of Aurangzib, 214; confined
by Aurangzib, 215, 222; beheaded
at Gwalior, 228
Murari Pandit, 196
Murari Rao Ghorpare, 384, 408
Murshidabad, a new capital of Ben-
gal, 312; origin of its name, 364 n.
1; threatened by Marathas, 441
Murshid Quli Khan (see Ja'far
Khan), becomes viceroy of Bengal,
312; founds Murshidabad, 364 n. 1
Murshid Quli Khan (Persian) asses-
ses land revenue in Deccan, 218,
468
Murshid Quli Khan (Rustam Jang),
deputy in Orissa, 365, expelled by
‘Ali Vardi, 367
Murtaza 'Ali, 384
Murtaza Khan, 442
Murtaza Nizam Shah I (of Ahmad-
nagar), 137, 138
Murtaza Nizam Shah II (of Ahmaci-
nagar), 148, 260, 263, 264
Murtaza Nizam Shah III (of Ahmad-
nagar),
266
Murtaza, Sayyid, Sabzavari, 143
Musahib Beg, 75
Musa Khan Fuladi, 78
Musamman Burj, at Agra, 554; at
Lahore, 555
Music forbidden at court by Aurang-
zib, 230
Muslim law, 183, 317
com-
>


## p. 672 (#714) ############################################

672
INDEX
Mustafa Khan (in Bihar), 441
Mustafa Khan, 188, 190; imprisoned,
195; becomes chief minister in Bija-
pur,
196
Mustafa Rumi, 17
Mu'tabar Khan, 295
Mu'tamid, 232
Muttra, temple at destroyed, 242; Jat
rising near, 243; sacked by Ahmad
Shah Abdali, 416, 438
Muzaffar III (of Gujarat), 103, 104,
132; expelled, 133
Muzaffar Husain Mirza, 105, 118
Muzaffar Husain Mirza (Safavid),
141
Muzaffar Jang, rebels against Nasir
Jang, 386; aided by French but
killed, 387, 433
Muzaffar Khan (or 'Ali Turbati), ap-
pointed revenue minister, 87, 459;
90, 92; replaced by Qutb-ud-din
Khan, 100; governor of Malwa, 106;
appointed vakil, but dismissed, 110;
governor of Bengal, 112, 121; with
Khan Jahan defeats Daud, 116;
killed by rebels, 126
Muzaffar Khan (of Bijapur), 274
Muzaffar Khan (brother of Khan
Dauran),
354
Muzaffar, Sayyid, minister in Gol-
conda, 274
Muzaffar Shah (Gujarat), see Muha-
mmad Muzaffar
Myanaung, 505
Myinbyushin Nat, 504
Myitnge, 516
myothugyi, 504, 519
Mysore, plateau of conquered by
Shivaji, 259; pays tribute to Salabat
Jang, 389; raided by Balaji, 412; ses
also Kanarese country
Nadira Banu, 227
Nadir (Quli) Shah, 219; ascends thro-
booty, 363; recognised in Bihar and
Bengal, 364; his talk with Muham-
mad Yar, 369; murdered, 371; bis
objection to assignments, 375;
Maratha successes during his inva-
sion, 383; offers throne of Delhi to
Nizam, 385; causes alarm in Deccan,
404
Nadol, 249
Nagarchain, 89
Nagarkot, 103; visited by Akbar, 127
Nagaur, 34; improved by Akbar, 102,
247, 436
Nagpur stormed by Mughuls, 314
Nahan, 323
Nahr-i-Bihisht, 557
Najib Khan (Najib-ud-Daula), be-
comes Abdali agent at Delhi, 416,
426; his hatred of Marathas, 419;
insists on fighting at Panipat, 420-
1; in battle, 422 and n. 2, 423; aids
Ghazi-ud-din against Safdar Jang,
435; against Sin-dagh troop, 437;
becomes Najib-ud-Daula and Amir-
ul-Umara, 439; leaves Delhi and
receives 'Ali Gauhar, 440; besiege:
by Sindia, 444; joins Ahmad Shah
Abdali, 446; brings in Shuja'-ud-
Daula, 447; confirmed as Amir-ul-
Umara, 448
Najm Beg, 7, 8
Najm-ud-din 'Ali Khan, 350, 351
Naldrug, 255, 267, 277, 389
Namdev, 426
Namrup, 235
Namud (Mir Muhammad Husain).
346
Nana Farnavis, 418 n. 2, 421, 425
Nanak, 244
Nana Purandare, 411
Nana Sahib Peshwa, name for Balaji
Baji Rao, 414
Nandabayin, king of Burma, 492-3
Nander, Guru Govind Singh killed
at, 246
Nandgir, 298
Nandurbar, 118
Napoleon I, 318
Narameikhla, king of Arakan, 477
Narapatigyi, king of Arakan, 480
ne of Persia, takes Qandahar and
Kabul, 357; reaches Lahore and ad-
dresses Muhammad Shah, 358; de-
feats Muhammad Shah near Kar-
nal, 359-60; enters Delhi and orders
massacre, 361; carries off immense


## p. 673 (#715) ############################################

INDEX
673
Narawara, king of Burma, 499
Narhan, 92
Närhi, 88
Narin, 203
Narnala, 143
Narnaul, 45, 243, 432, 446
Naro Shankar, 419, 425
Nasik, 189, 282
Nasir Jang, assumed independence
but defeated, 365-6, 383, 428; his
character and troubles with Mara-
thas, 383; Nizam's advice to, 385;
made viceroy of Deccan, 386;
fights French and killed, 387, 433;
invited to Delhi, 433
Nasiri Khan, 188; becomes Khan
Dauran (q. v. ), 194; 257
Nasir Khan (governor of Kabul),
358, 371
Nasir Khan Faruqi, 575
Nasir Khan Lohani, 139, 140
Nasir Khan Nuhani, 15, 16
Nasir-ul-Mulk, title of Pir Muham-
mad Khan, 76
Nasr-ullah Mirza, 362
Natshinnaung, 494-5
naubat khana, 556
Naulakha, 555
Naungdawgyi, king of Burma, 512
Nauraspur, 188, 190
Nauruz festival, of Akbar 128, 134; of
Jahangir, 156; forbidden by Au-
rangzib, 230; of Nadir Shah at
Delhi, 361
Naushahra, 36
Navait clan, 295, 369 and n. 1, 384
Naval Rai, Raja, with Safdar Jang,
against Bangash Afghans, 429; de-
feated and killed by Ahmad Khan,
430
Navanagar, 166, 226
Navy of Bengal, 237
Nawal Rai, Raja, 370
Nazr 'Ali Khan, 315
Nazr Muhammad, 202-4, 219
Negrais, 491, 505, 509, 510, 512
Neknam, 314
Netaji Palkar, 254
Newbery, 135, 151
New English Company, 310
Nga Hpyaw, 521
Nga Kala, 500
Nga Me, 480 n. 3
Ngatatkyi, 497
Nicobars, 501
Nijabat Khan, 419
Niku-siyar proclaimed emperor but
deposed and imprisoned, 340
Nima Sindia, 313
Nimrana, 431
Ningrahar, 5, 230
Nirmal, 389
nishan, 306
Nishapur, 360
Nishat Bagh, 549
Niyabat Khan, 126
Niyazis, 59, 60
Nizam, the ruler of Hyderabad state,
passim
Nizamabad, 385
Nizam 'Ali, becomes regent, 389;
opposes Marathas, 390, 412-13; in-
vades Maharashtra, deposes Sala-
bat Jang and becomes Nizam, 391
Nizam Khan, 15
Nizam Khan (Sur), 45, 47, 48
Nizam Shahi dynasty, 264-5
Nizam-ud-Daula, title of Nasir Jang,
386
Nizam-ud-din, Shaik, 119
Nizam-ud-din Ahmad, Khvaja, 96 n. 1
Nizam-ud-din Ahmad, Sayyid, 274
Nizam-ud-din 'Ali Khalifa, 17
Nizam-ud-din Auliya's shrine, 440
Nizam-ul-Mulk I (Chin Qilich Khan),
grandson of Qilich Khan, 287, mem-
ber of Turani party, 319; becomes
viceroy of Deccan, 331, 393; re-
called and declines to join Farru-
kh-siyar's intrigues, 336, 337; con-
ciliated by 'Abdullah Khan, 338,
341; sent to Malwa, 340, 341; rebels
against Sayyids, 342; wins battles
near Khandwa and Shevgaon, 343,
399; 346; returns to Delhi as minis-
ter, 347, 382, 399; unpopular there
withdraws to Deccan, 349; gains
battle of Shakarkhelda, becomes
practically independent, receives
title of Asaf Jah, and enlists Mara-
43


## p. 674 (#716) ############################################

674
INDEX
Omens, taken by Humayun, 66, 67:
by Salim, 150
Orakzais, 136, 137
Orchha, 117, 149, 184, 194; stormed
by Aurangzib, 195; palace-fortress
at, 548
Orissa, left to Daud of Bengal, 113;
subdued by Man Singh, 139; new
rebellion crushed 140; unrest in
continues, 157; surrenders to Shah
Jahan, 172; 197; 261; invaded by
Golconda, 267; taken from Mur-
shid Quli Khan by 'Ali Vardi Khari,
366-7; ceded to Marathas, 408, 443;
land revenue of, 464
Orpheus, 558
Oudh, Girdhar Bahadur becomes
viceroy of, 341-2; Burhan-ul-Mulk
becomes viceroy of, 348; Safdar
Jang succeeds in, 362; virtual in-
dependence of, 374; Shuja'-ud-
Daula succeeds in, 489
Owsa, see Ausa
Nizam-ul-Mulk I (continued)
tha aid, 350, 377, 399, 400; plotting
treason, 352; to free his own state
urges Marathas to invade N. India,
353, 382; approached by Muham-
mad Shah, 355, 403; fails to defeat
Marathas near Bhopal and conclu-
des disgraceful terms, 356-7, 382,
403-4; nominated to oppose Nadir
Shah, 358; hesitates to attack him,
359, 382; sent to arrange indemnity,
360; 361; his payments to Nadir
Shah; 362; resists Muhammad
Shah's intrigues, 363, 382-3; impri-
sons Nasir Jang, 366, 383; makes
conquests in Carnatic, 368, 384; as
governor of Katehr, 369; his terms
of office in Deccan and indepen-
dence there, 377; see further Asaf
Jah
Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah II, title of
Nizam 'Ali, 391
Noronha, Dom Antonio de, 106
Numa Namud, 346
Nurgarh, 248
Nur Jahan (Mihr-un-Nisa or Nur
Mahall), marries Jahangir, 163;
kills tiger, 167; her increasing in-
fluence, 168; exacts terms from
Shah Jahan, 173; her bravery dur-
ing Mahabat Khan's emeute, 175;
warns Khan Jahan against Shah
Jahan, 177; coinage in her name,
180; favours Shahryar's succession,
183; pensioned by Shah Jahan, 184;
her death, 202; 326; builds tombs
of I'timad-ud-Daula and Jahangir,
552
nur-jahani, 180
Nur-ud-din, title of Jahangir, 156
Nur-ud-din Muhammad, 32
Nusrat Jang, title of Muhammad
Amin Khan, Turani (q. v. ), 331
Nursat Jang, see Zu-'l-Fiqar Khan,
298, 299, 301
Nusrat Shah, 9, 18
Nyaungbin, 507
Padishah Bibi (Shahr Banu), 255,
275, 277
Pagan, dynasty supreme over north
Arakan, 476; over Shan foot-hills,
486; bell at, 487; Shwezigon at, 516
pagri, 282
Pahar Singh (Bundela), 201
Pahar Singh (Gaur), 306
Paithan, 262
Pak Pattan, see Ajudhan
Palamau, 201, 229
Palamcottah, 293
. Pali, 282, 283, 304
Palkhed, 381, 400, 404
Pallegoix, 520 n. 1
Pam Nayak, 285
.
pan, 422
panchayats, 414
Panch Mahall, 543
pandari, 231
Pandavas, 95
Pandharpur, 427
Pandu, 234
Panhala, assaulted by Shivaji, 254,
273; taken by Sidi Jauhar, 257;
recaptured by Shivaji, 275; Sham-
Okpo, 503, 505
Oldham, C. E. A. W. , 46 n. 1, 69 n. 2


## p. 675 (#717) ############################################

INDEX
678
Panhala (continued)
bhuji confined in, 278; retaken by
Marathas, 294; 296; taken by Au-
rangzib, 297-8; Shambhuji of Kol-
hapur at, 353; headquarters of rivai
faction, 292; 409
Panipat, 12; Babur's victory at, 13;
Akbar's victory over Himu at, 72;
contrasted with Ausa, 390; descri-
ption of campaign by Sarkar, 417
n. 1; Marathas entrench at, 419;
Marathas defeated at, 420-4, 448;
in ballads, 427; Ghazi-ud-din
seized at, 437; Babur's mosque at,
524
Panjnad, 445
Panjshir, 238
Pantanaw, 485
Pant Sachiv, 410
Parabaw, 478
Parashuram, 298
Parashuram Trimbak, 291, 295
Parasnis Museum, 410 n. 1
Parasnis, R. B. , 407 n. 1
Paraunkh, 83
Parenda, invested by Mughuls, 188;
resists Khan Zaman, 194; included
in Bijapur, 196, 266; 198; ceded to
Mughuls, 210, 211, 267
pargana, 452, 459
Parin, 476
Parker, 499 n. 4, 517 n. 1
Parlett, L. M. , 509 n. 4
Parli, 296; taken by Aurangzib, 297
Parner, 380
Partab, Rawal, 117
Partab Baharji, Raja (of Baglan), 145
Partabgarh, 269; Afzal Khan killed at,
272; captured by Marathas, 294
Partab Singh, Rana, 117, 134
Parties at Akbar's court, 74
Parviz, sent against Mewar, 158; to
command in Deccan, 159, 260;
transferred to Allahabad, 164, 260;
opposes Shah Jahan's rebellion, 171;
defeats him at Damdama, 172-3,
and in Deccan, 173, 263; made gov-
ernor of Gujarat, 174; his death,
176; assisted by Portuguese, 191
Pasrur, 323
Pataliputra, 556
Patan, 25, 242, 304
Patdur, 417
Pathans, 238
Patiali, 430
Patkai, 233
Patna, 49; besieged by Ganga Ram,
306; Farrukh-siyar crowns himself
and robs Dutch factory at, 327
Patr Das, Rai Rayan, 143, 149; see also
Bikramajit, Raja
Patta Singh, 98
patwari, 452 n. 1
Paungga, 521
Pavangarh, 273, 298
Pawtugi, 495 n. 1
Payanghat, 266
Paya Tak, 520
Peacock throne, 206, 219, 220, 339;
carried off by Nadir Shah, 362
Pedgaon, 295
Pegu, Arakan expedition against, 478;
raided by Thirithudamma, 479; an-
nexed by Tabinshwehti, 483; re-
occupied by Talaings, 485; taken by
Bayinnaung, 486; his new city of,
490, 491; taken by Toungoo and
Arakan, 493; burnt, 494; ceases to
be capital, 496; raided by Siamese,
499; Talaings at, 503; attacked by
Alaungpaya, 507; taken and de-
stroyed, 508
Pemberton, 502 n. 2
Penukonda, 301
“People of the Book", 240
Pepper, 317, 501
Persepolis, 556
Persia (ns), at war with Uzbegs, 8;
combines with Babur, 7; defeated
by Uzbegs, 8; Humayun's stay in,
40; loses Qandahar to Akbar, 141;
hopes to recover it, 157-8; captures
Qandahar, 170; relations with Shah
Jahan, 199; aids Uzbegs, 204; sends
embassies to Aurangzib, 229; seized
by Ghilzais and then by Nadir Shah,
357; Persians killed in Delhi, 361;
taxes remitted in, 363; Indian archi-
tecture influenced by, 552, 556, 559
>


## p. 676 (#718) ############################################

676
INDEX
Peshawar, occupied by Nadir Shah,
358
Leshkash, 307
Peshwa (= prime minister), 291,
386; defined, 392 n. 2; office becomes
hereditary, 396-7; claimed by Ra-
ghuji, 408; access to power of, 412,
416; their ensigns, 422; see also
Bahiro Pant Pingle, Baji Rao, Balaji
Baji Rao, Balaji Vishvanath
Pestilence, in Hindustan, 69; in Guja-
>
rat, 112; in north-west India, 1596-
7, 142; in Gujarat, 1618, 166; in
Punjab, 1616-19, 167; in Konkan,
283; at Bijapur, 286; at Hyderabad,
289; at Bijapur, 290; in Ahmad Shah
Abdali's army, 439
Phaphamau, 430
Phaulkon, 500
Phayre, 476 n. 1
Phul, see Shaikh Phul
Pidia, 299, 301
pietra dura, first used, 553; 554, 558,
562, 564
Pigeon-flying, 149, 154
Pilaji Gaikwar, 350, 365, 398, 401, 402
Pilaji Jadav, 402
Pilgrim tax abolished by Akbar, 86
Pindale, king of Burma, 497-9
Pindaris, 418, 419 n. 2, 447
Pinheiro, 142
Pinto, 483 n. 2
Pipar, 432
Piracy, by Maghs, 236-7, 311, 479, 481;
by Europeans in Indian Ocean,
309-11
Pir Khan Lodi (Khan Jahan, q. v. ),
159
Pir Muhammad Khan, pursues Himu,
73; joins harem party, 75; banished
by Bairam Khan, 76; returns to
court, 77; employed against Bairam
Khan, 78; sent against Malwa, 79;
assistant governor of Malwa, 80;
becomes governor,
invades
Khandesh and drowned, 82
Pitakataik, 480
Plague, see Pestilence
Plassey, 423 n. 1, 443, 448
Plough-rent, 454, 468
Poll-tax, see jizya
Ponda, 275
Pondicherry, 389, 408
Poona, occupied by Shayista Kha),
raided by Shivaji, 257; district in-
vaded by Asaf Jah, 381; by Salabat
Jang and French, 387; recovered by
Tara Bai, 392; Maratha capital, 407;
Peshwa's headquarters, 410; luxury
of court at, 427
Popa Hill, 487
Portuguese, aggression on Gujarat,
103; offer gifts to Akbar, 105; mis-
sions to Akbar, 121; Akbar's attacks
on in Gujarat, 128, 129; priests sent
to Akbar, 139; denounce English to
Akbar, 151, 152; claim to com-
mand seas, defeated by Downton,
162; oppose English at Jahangir's
court, 163; Roe attempts to get
them out of Gujarat, 166; refuse
help to Shah Jahan in rebellion,
172; their trade at Hooghly, 190;
disliked by Shah Jahan and be-
sieged in Hooghly, 191; losses at
Hooghly, 192, 217; besieged in
Daman and Diu, 200; in conflict
with Bijapur, 209; buyers of indigo,
218; Methwold's convention with,
219; pirates in Bengal and Arakan,
236-7, 478; invaded by Shambhuji,
282; stop A'zam's attack on Goa,
283; agree not to support Marathas,
296; attacked by Marathas in Kon-
kan, 356, 404-6; by Angria, 394; their
possessions in Konkan, 404; pillage
Arakan, 477; settle at Chittagong,
overthrown at Sandwip, 478; piracy
in Bengal, 479; influence in Ceylon,
480; in lower Burma, 482; in Siam,
484; at siege of Ayuthia, 488; des-
troy Buddha Tooth of Ceylon, 489;
at Syriam, and near Shwebo, 494-5;
expelled from Malacca, colony at
Mergui, 500
Po Yutpi, 483
Pradhans, 394
Pragji Prabhu, 297
Prahlad Niraji, 291
81;


## p. 677 (#719) ############################################

INDEX
677
--
Pra Naret, 493
Pran Nath, Prannathi, 221
Pratap Rai (Chero Raja), 201
Pratap Singh (of Tanjore), 408
Pratinidhi (= regent), 291; defined,
392 n. 2; 394, 397, 401, 410
Prem Narayan, Gond Raja, 195
Presents as source of revenue, 449
President and Council of Surat and
Madras, 307
Prithvi Raj, 201
Prome, taken by Tabinshwehti, 483;
vassal king of, 490; taken by
Anaukpetlun, 494; taken by Ta-
laings, 503; by Alaungpaya, 505;
gun at, 507
Provincial of Order of Jesus, 141
Pulel, 509
Punjab, friendly to Dara, 222; gov-
erned by Zakariya Khan, 363; by
Mu'in-ul-Mulk, 373, 428; invaded
by Marathas, 416, 445; ceded to
Ahmad Shah Abdali, 434; invaded
by Ghazi-ud-din, 437; by Ahmad
Shah Abdali, 438
Puntambe, 380
Pur, 248, 252
Purana Qil'a, 529
Purandar, 254; Shivaji's treaty at, 258,
273; Shahu takes refuge in, 381
Puran Mal, 52, 53, 54, 57
Purchas, 500 n. 1
Puri, 139, 140
Pur Mandal, 303
Pushkar, 248
Pye, king of Burma, dethrones Pin-
dale, 498
Pyinsa, 476
comes minister, 349; removed, 351;
his relation killed in Kora, 355;
marches against Marathas, 355-6;
361; his payments to Nadir Shah,
362; joins Nizam-ul-Mulk, 363; gov-
ernor of Katehr, 369; recognises 'Ali
Muhammad Khan, 370; his intoxi-
cation, 371; misleads Shah Nawaz
Khan, 372; killed, 373
Qambar Beg, 68
Qanauj, see Kanauj
Qandahar attacked by Shaibani Khan,
6; 12, 21, 22, 38; occupied by Hindal,
taken by Kamran and placed in
charge of 'Askari, captured by Hu-
mayun, 40; held by Shah 'Abbas,
137; surrendered to Akbar by Mu-
zaffar Husain Safavi, 141; lost to
Shah ‘Abbas, its importance on
trade route, 170; surrendered by
'Ali Mardan Khan, 199; Persian
aims on, 204; captured by Persians,
205; failure of Aurangzib and Dara
Shukoh to recover, 206; taken by
Nadir Shah, 357; by Ahmad Shah
Abdali, 371; land revenue of, 464
qanungo, 243, 452, 459
Qaqshal Turks, 126
Qara Bahadur Khan, 89
Qarshi, 7, 8
Qasim Khan Juvaini, 190, 191
Qasim Khan (Kirmani), 285, 293, 294
Qasim Khan, Mir Bahr, 536
Qasim Sambhali, 15
Qasim, Sidi, 332
qazi, 241
Qil'a-i-Kuhna, 530-1
Qilich Khan (grandfather of Nizam-
ul-Mulk), 287
Qiya Khan Gung, 73, 77, 95
Qizilbash, 141, 371
Qoshanj, 199
Qudrat-ullah, Shah, 332
Queda Merchant, the, 310
Qunduz, 4, 7, 8, 203
Qutb Khan, 15
Qutb Khan ('Abdur-Rashid), 28, 50;
death, 34, 51
Qutb Khan Niyazi, 59
Qutb Minar, 345
Qadir Shah, see Mallu Qadir Khan, 51
Qadr Khan, see Bahadur Shah (of
Khandesh), 143
Qaim Khan (or Jang) Bangash, 353,
370; attacks Rohillas and killed, 429
qalami, 21
Qalmaq slaves, 331, 332
Qamar-ud-din, becomes paymaster of
Ahadis, 331; promoted, 345; receives
title of I'timad-ud-Daula, 346; be-


## p. 678 (#720) ############################################

678
INDEX
Qutb Shah, passim, the ruler of Goi-
conda at the time
Qutb-ud-din Aibak, 9
Qutb-ud-din Kaki, 324
Qutb-ud-din (Khubu), 160
Qutb-ud-din Muhammad Khan, 86,
94, 100, 106, 133
Qutb-ul-Mulk, term used by Mughuls
for kings of Golconda, 266; title of
'Abdullah Khan (Hasan 'Ali, Say-
yid, q. v. ), 327, 331
Qutlu Khan Lohani, 139
Qutluq Nigar Khanum, 3
as
Rai Rayan, see Patr Das and Bikra-
majit, 149
Raisen, 16; taken by Humayun, 23;
taken by Sher Shah, 52, 53
Rai Singh of Bikaner, 102, 104, 108,
141, 157
Rai Singh, usurper in Navanagar, 230
Rajadnya, 380
Rajahmundry, 389
Raja Ram (Jat), 305, 336
Raja Ram (Maratha), set up
Rabi'a (Bibi), 60
Rabi'a-ud-Daurani, 567
Ra'dandaz (or Shuja'at Khan), 244
Radhika Bai Mane, 295
Rafi'-ud-Darajat, set on throne, 339;
dies, 340; 373
Rafi'-ud-Daula, becomes emperor as
Shah Jahan II, and dies, 340; 373
Rafi'-ush-Shan, 323; jealous of 'Azim-
Shan, 325; killed resisting Jahandar
Shah, 326; father of Rafi-ud-
Darajat, 339
Raghuji Bhonsle, establishes himself
successor to Shivaji, 279; succeeds
Shambhuji, but has to fly, 284, 230;
repels Mughul attacks on Gingea,
292-3; escapes from Gingee, 293;
dies, 295, 366, 392
Rajas Bai, mother of Sharbhuji I!
(of Kolhapur), crowns him, 295;
captured by Shahu, 401
Rajgarh, 268, 294, 296, 298
Rajmachi, 393
Rajmahal (Rajmahall), 116, 225, 225,
365
Rajputana, revolts against Bahadur
Shah in, 321; aloof from Mughuls
at death of Muhammad Shah, 374;
palaces in, 548; see also Rajputs
Rajputs, their opposition to the Mu-
ghuls, 39, 54; Bihari Mal, first Raj-
put chief to attend Akbar's court,
81; their dislike of marriage con-
nections with Mughuls, 117, 125,
161; minor chiefs subdued, 117; re-
conciled to Mughuls, 161-2; friendly
to Shah Jahan, 170) n. 1, 184; in
battle at Dharmat, 212; at Samo-
garh, 213; default at Khajuha, 224;
promise aid to Dara, 226-7; tribal
campaign, 239; sul purt prince Ak-
bar's rebellion, 250; Aurangzib's
provocation of 252, 321; at Gingee,
294; enlisted for Bahadur Shah, 319;
at battle of Jajau, 320; revolt
against Bahadur Shah and recon-
ciled, 321-2; of Bhojpur join Far-
rukh-siyar, 327; decline to oppose
Nadir Shah, 358; give aid against
Ahmad Shah Abdali, 372; siding
with Marathas, 397, 402; refuse to
join Panipat campaign, 418; look
at Nagpur, 365; invades Bengal, but
repulsed, 368, 441; his capture of
Trichinopoly, 384, 407-8; pays tri-
bute to Nizam, 389; 410; ravages
Orissa, Bengal and Bihar, 441; re-
covers Nagpur and Berar, 448
Raghunath Bhati, 248
Raghunath, Raja, 387
Raghunath Rao (Ragoba), invades
Hyderabad, 390; his ambitions at
death of Balaji Rao, 391, 407; 411;
attacks Jats and goes to Delhi, 415,
439; invades Punjab, 416, 445; hopes
to command against Abdali, 417
Ragoba, see Raghunath Rao, 407
rahdari, 231, 307, 379
rahdars, 300
Rahim Khan, 311-12
Rahmat Khan, Hafiz, at Panipat, 422
n. 2; becomes regent of Rohilkhand,
429; joins Ahmad Shah Abdali, 446
Raichur, 290
Raigarh, 259, 273, 275, 278, 284
9


## p. 679 (#721) ############################################

INDEX
679
Rajputs (continued)
Rangamati, 236
down on Jats, 432; weary of Mara- Rang Mahall, 557
tha aggression, 444
Rangoon, Bahadur II exiled to, 448;
Rajrup, Raja (of Jammu), 200, 227
occupied by Smim Htaw, 485; by
Raj Singh, Maharana (of Mewar), Alaungpaya, 505; becomes port of
248, 249, 250
Burma, 507; East India Company at,
Rakhshasbhavan, 426
512; its value as port, 513; burnt by
Rama Vijaya, 427
Talaing rebels, visited by Hsin-
Ramayana, 221
byushin, 519
Rambha Rao Nimbalkar, 380, 381
Rangpur, 236
Ram Chand, Raja (of Bhath), 101, 143 Ranmast Khan, 259
Ram Chand, Raja (of Seraen), 140
Rann of Cutch, 223, 227
Ramchandra N. Bavdekar, 291
Ranoji Sindia, in Malwa, 365, 398;
Ramchandra Nimbalkar, 389
near Delhi, 403; at siege of Bassein,
Ramchandrapur, 366
406
Ramchandra Shenvi, 414
Ranthambhor, taken by Rana Sanga,
Ram Chehra, 305
16; surrenders to Sher Shan,
Ramdas (poet), 426
52; held by 'Adil Khan, 58; besieged
Ram Das (or Raja Raghunath), 389
by Mughuls, 77, 99; taken by Akbar,
Ram Das, Kachhwaha, 152
100-1; 170
Ramghat pass (Deccan), 283
Rasulpur (Bijapur), 285, 286
Ramgir, 270
Ratanabon, 478
Ram Joshi, 427
Ratanamanaung, 480
Ramling Tank, 264
Ratan Chand, agent of 'Abdullah
Ramnagar (south of Surat), 259
Khan, 333; leases collection of land
Ramnagar, princess, 381
revenue, 337; his increased power,
Ram Narayan, Raja, 444
342; seized after Husain 'Ali's death,
Rampura, 306
344; executed, 345
Ram Raja, his origin, 409
Ratanpur, 304, 315
Ramree, 482
Ratan Singh, 306
Ram Sah, Raja, 73, 116
Rathors, 248, 250, 252; their successes
Ramsej, 282
in Marwar, 303
Ram Singh, Raja (of Amber), in As- Raushanais, 134, 136, 137, 138, 147
sam, 236, 245
Raushan-Akhtar becomes Muhammad
Ram Singh, Raja (of Marwar or Shah, 340
Jodhpur), 431-2
Raushan-ud-Daula becomes minister,
Ram Singh Hara, 320
but removed, 351
Ramu, 237, 477, 478, 481
Ravenswaay, 492 n. 2
Ranade, M. G. , 392 n. 1, 395 n. 1; on Raybag, 198, 265, 267
Shahu, 409
Razadarit Ayedawpon, 489
Rana Sanga, 9; his exploits, declares Razmnama, 133
war on Babur, 16; defeated at Rechna Duab, 323
Khanua, 17, 54; wars with Gujarat Red Sea, 310
and appeals to Humayun, 22; de- Regulator of Realm = Nizam-ul-
feated by Bahadur Shah, 23, 54; 49 Mulk, 377
Ran Bagha, 80
Religious discussions, 113, 114
Randola Khan, against Mughuls, 188, Rennell, 236
189; defeated by Khan Zaman, 192; Revenue, sources of, 449; remissions
tries to relieve Daulatabad, 193, 265;
of, 461
196
Rewah, 444


## p. 680 (#722) ############################################

680
INDEX
3
on
Risala-i-Walidiyya, 20
Rizavi Khan, 97
Roads made by Sher Shah, 57
Roberts, 309
Rockets, 55, 423
Roe, Sir Thomas, describes nauruz
Festival, 156; arrives in India, 162;
obtains trade facilities, 163; des-
cribes Nur Mahall and Khusray's
danger, 164; his march with Jahan-
gir, 165; final agreement with Shah
Jahan, 167; on favour shown to
Persian ambassador, 170; presents
miniature of Jahangir, 179; receives
medal from Jahangir, 180;
drinking habits of Jahangir and
Shah Jahan, 215 n. 1; describes
Shah Jahan, 216; his present of
coach to Jahangir, 260
Rohilkhand, 369-70; occupied by Ma-
rathas, 415
Rohillas, settle in India, 370; at Pani-
pat, 422-4; beat Bangash Afghans,
429; defeated by Marathas, 431;
friendly with Shuja'-ud-Daula, 439;
join Ahmad Shah Abdali, 446
Rohira, 294
Rohri, 37
Rohtak canals, 201
Rohtas (in Bihar), gained by Sher
Khan, 30, 50; 33, 47, 51; taken by
Shah Jahan in rebellion, 172; sur-
rendered by him, 174
Rohtas (in Punjab), built by Sher
Shah, 52; 53, 59, 66, 459
Ross, 20 n. 1
Rubies, 487
Rudra Pratap, Raja, 201
Ruh-ullah Khan, 282, 285, 289
Rumi Khan, 24, 28, 29
Rupar, 223, 335
Rup Mati, 79
Rustam Beg, Mirza, 172
Rustam-dil Khan, 321, 323
Rustam Khan, title of Muqarrab Khan
(Persian) (q. v. ), posted to Katehr,
Sa'adat Khan (Mir Muhammad Amin,
of Oudh), conspires against Say-
yids, 344; promoted, 345; appointed
viceroy of Agra, 346; becomes Bur-
han-ul-Mulk (q. v. ) and viceroy of
Oudh, 348
Sa'adat-ullah Khan, 369
Sabaji Sindia, 416, 445
Sabha Chand, 328, 330, 332
Sacha Padishah, 322
Sachiv, 291
Sacrifice, for Arakanese coronation,
479; for Shan funerals, and for
feasts, 487; at rebuilding palace,
499; at founding city, 509
Sadashiv Rao (Bhao Sahib), takes
Ahmadnagar, 390; son of Chimaji
Appa, 407; defeats Hyderabad army,
413; conducts civil administration,
414; commands against Abdali, 417,
446; despises advice, 418; takes
Kunjpura and entrenches at Pani-
pat, 419, 447-8; his military errors,
420; his bravery at Panipat, 421-2
and n. 2; his death, 424; dethrones
Shah Jahan III and sets up Mirza
Javan Bakht, 447
Sadat Khan (or Salabat Khan, Zu-'l-
Fiqar Jang), 372, 373; see also Zu-
189; killed at Samogarh, 213
Rustam Khan, later title of Sharza
Khan, q. v.
Rustam Rao, 286
'l-Fiqar Jang
Sadhaura, 322, 323, 324, 335
Sadiq Muhammad Khan, 117, 137, 142,
143
Sadr-us-Sudur, 62, 63, 76, 84, 90, 121;
in charge of grants of land revenue,
465
Sa'd-ullah, chief minister of Shah
Jahan, 206, 207; dies, 208
Sa'd-ullah Khan (deputy minister),
332
Sa'd-ullah Khan Rohilla, 429, 431,
439, 446
Safavi dynasty, 357, 525, 559
Safdar 'Ali, 384, 408
Safdar Jang (Abu-'l-Mansur Khan),
succeeds in Oudh and pays contri-
bution to Nadir Shah, 362, 363; at-
tends at court, 368; jealous of 'Ali
Muhammad Khan, 370; joins army
against Ahmad Shah Abdali, 372;


## p. 681 (#723) ############################################

INDEX
681
Safdar Jang (continued)
Salim, 150; employs Nur Mahall,
163
Salim Chishti, Shaikh, 102, 156, 220;
,
his tomb, 544, 546-7
Salimgarh, 68, 531, 555
Salim Khan Sur rebels against Adil
Shah, 64
Salim Shah = Islam Shah (q. v. ), 58
Salim Shah, king of Arakan, 478
Sulsette, 404, 405
Salt, a source of revenue, 449, 450
Saltpetre, 307, 317, 449
Somana, 68
Samarqand taken by Babur and sur-
rendered to Shaibani Khan, 4; 5;
retaken by Babur and again lost, 7;
Shah Jahan's aims against, 202-3
Sambawut, see Pyinsa, 476
Sambhal, taken by Khavass Khan,
helps to defeat him, 373; opposed
by Ahmad Shah, 386; invites Mara-
tha help against Bangash Pathans,
415, 430-1; fights Ghazi-ud-din, 415,
435-6; becomes minister, 428;
crushes Bangash Afghans, 429; de-
feated by Ahmad Khan, 430; re-
covers influence at court, 432; his
quarrel with Ahmad Shah of Delhi,
434; rebels, 435-6; departs to Oudh,
436; dies, 439; his tomb, 568
Safdar Khan Babi, 315
Safiyat-un-Nisa, 303
Saf Shikan Khan, 288
Sagaing, 497
Sagar (in Berad territory), 290
Sigar Singh of Mewar, 158
Saguna Bai, 409
Saharanpur, 322
Sahawar, 430
Sahib Dei (or Kumari Dula), 336
Sahibganj, 225
Sahibji, 240
Sa'id Khan Chaghatai, 139
Sa'id Khan Niyazi, 59
saifi, 21
St Anthony and St Nicholas, the, 501
Sakit, 83
Sakraval, 96 n. 1
Sakrigali, see Teliyagarhi, 225
Sakwar Bai, 409
Salabat Jang, succeeds Nasir Jang as
viceroy of Deccan, 387, 433; makes
alliance with Peshwa against Ghazi-
ud-din, 388, 410, 434; his character,
388; quarrels with Shah Nawaz
Khan, 389; seized by French, 390;
deposed by Nizam 'Ali, 391; 413
Salabat Khan (of Ahmadnagar), 137
Saladin, 524 n. 2
Salamis, 68
Salar Jang, 386
Sale, 452
Salher, 259
Salim, see Jahangir
Salima Begam, married (1) to Bai-
ram Khan, 73; (2) to Akbar, 78;
mother of Murad, 102; goes as pil-
grim to Mecca, 114; intercedes for
51; Khavass Khan murdered at, 59;
Ibrahim Shah flies to, 66; 71; occu-
pied by Khan Zaman, 73; 369; Ba-
bur's mosque at, 524
Sambhar, 81, 354; salt lake at, 450
Samdhara, 234
Samogarh, Aurangzib defeats Dara at,
213-14; 222, 223, 320; Farrukh-siyar
defeats Jahandar Shah at, 328-9
Samsam-ud-Daula, see Khvaja 'Asim,
331, 337
Samsam-ud-Daula, title of Shah Na-
waz Khan (q. v. ), 388
Samumistan, 166
Sanchod, 304
Sanda (Chandra), 476
Sandathudamma, king of Arakan, 480
Sandawiziya, king of Arakan, 482
Sandbags used in Rajputana, 54
Sandi, 439
Sandihkan mosque, 477
Sandoway, 476
Sandwip, 237, 478, 481
Sane, king of Burma, 499
Sangameshwar, 284
Sangamner, 189
Sangermano, 501 n. 2
Sangola, 284, 410, 411
Sangram, Akbar's musket, 98
Sangram Singh, see Rana Sanga
Sankosh, 233


## p. 682 (#724) ############################################

682
INDEX
Santaji Ghorpare, 291, 292, 293, 294,
295
Sunta Vijaya, 427
Sanyasis, 95
Sarang (Sultan), 86
Sarangpur, 16, 23, 52, 79, 354
Saraspur, 241
Sarbuland Khan, becomes Mubariz-
ul-Mulk, 337; 338; appointed vice-
roy of Gujarat, 350; his difficulties
there, 351, 398; dismissed, rebels
and is imprisoned, 352, 401; ap-
pointed to Allahabad, 355; collects
tribute for Nadir Shah, 362
Sardar Khan (‘Abdullah Pani), 289
Sardesai, 393
sardeshmukhi, in Bijapur and Gol-
conda, 273; in Carnatic, 276; promi-
sed by Husain 'Ali to Shahu, 338,
378, 395; in Gujarat, 398, 352; in
Hyderabad, 355; claimed by Baji
Rao for Deccan, 355; claimed in
Bengal, 368; relinquished in Hyde-
rabad, 379; in Deccan and defini-
tion of, 392 and n. 1; granted by
Farrukh-siyar, 395; by Muhammad
Shah, 396
Sardeshpandya, office of claimed by
Baji Rao for Deccan, 355
Sarfaraz Khan, 'Ala-ud-Daula, be-
comes viceroy of Bengal, 364; dis-
placed and killed by 'Ali Vardi
Khan, 365
Sar-i-Pul, 4
sarkar, 56
Sarkar, J. N.