No More Learning

Key to the same. (Gaspe
Otto-Sauer method) 170p. Heidelberg. Julius Groos.
1921.
This is generally considered the best of the text books, but it is far
from satisfactory. It is reviewed in S. R. 1 10:236-8. Je. '31.
FOLK LORE
Folk lore is the oral literature of primitive people,
among whom story telling is a social institution. At
spinning bees or "feather-strippings" in the home, as at
gatherings in the market place or on the pilgrimage, the
story teller entertains, instructs, sometimes inspires; and
thus each race has its own traditions preserved from
generation to generation.
In the middle period of the 19th century there was a
great development of interest in folk lore on the part of
European students. In every country some undertook to
collect and transcribe tales as they were recited--the
Grimm brothers in Germany, Erben and Nemcova among
1 S. R. --abbreviation for Slavonic Review. See p. 31.
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? IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION
13
the Czechs, Karadzic for the Jugoslavs, Glinski, Wojcicki,
Balinski, Chodzko and others among the Poles.
Wratislaw, Strickland, and Curtin were the earliest
translators of tales from the Slavic languages into Eng-
lish; Strickland's special hobby is interpreting the tales as
symbolic of nature and the seasons. Curtin, a good trans-
lator, knew also how to tell a story well. Many later
writers have told and retold these tales, until the original
flavor has often been lost and the tales ceased to have
much character or charm.
"Prince Unexpected" is the most characteristic of the
Polish tales, and will be found in almost every authentic
collection. The tales of the Lord Jesus, the Blessed
Virgin, and St. Peter, known also among Czechs and
Slovaks, have their greatest flowering among the Poles,
and a lovely quality in the Polish telling.
Borski, Lucia Merecka and Miller, Kate B.
The jolly tailor and other fairy tales tr. from the Polish;
il. by Kazimir Klepacki. 156p. N. Y. Longmans, Green.
1928.
These tales were chosen by the translator as the most representative
of Polish folklore, from the original sources. They are delightful,
humorous, quick moving, colorful, and the fantastic element is strong
among them. The illustrations are very pleasing.
Byrde, Elsie, tr.
The Polish fairy book; tr. and adapted from the Polish;
il. in color by Livia Kadar. N. Y. Stokes. 1925.
This collection consists of 23 tales, most of which are common to all
the Slav folklore. They are presented in a very condensed form.
Chodzko, Aleksander. 1804-91
Fairy tales of the Slav peasants and herdsmen, from the
French of Chodzko; tr. and il. by Emily J. Harding.
353p. Lond. George Allen. 1896.
This collection has a large proportion of the tales widely known
among all the Slavs, such as "The three golden hairs," "Long, Round
and Sharp. " They are interestingly told and the volume is attractive.
Czarnomski, Francis Bauer
Proverbs in Polish and English. (Bi-lingual series) Lond.
L. B. Hill. 1920.
Gawalewicz, Marjan. 1852-1910
The Queen of Heaven; tr. by Lucia Borski Szczpanewicz
and Kate B. Miller. 234p. N. Y. Dial Press. 1929.
A well known book on Polish mythology says: Everyone knows
that the people had changed their ancient pagan traditions of gods and
goddesses to Christian folklore, without, however, losing their original
and pagan ideas. Thus grew the wonderful tales of tie Lord Jesus,
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? 14
POLISH LITERATURE
Gawalewicz, Marjan--Continued
the Mother of God, St. Peter, and St. Nicholas, whom the peasant
imagination put in place of those ancient gods and goddesses.
This collection of legends about the Blessed Virgin reflects the devout
and simple character of the Polish peasant mind. They are un-
pretentious tales which have been entwined in the hearts of the lowly
for many generations, and are a part of their very lives. Told with the
least possible embellishment, they retain the lowly grace of their origin.
Glinski, Antoni Jozef. 1817-66
Polish fairy tales; tr. by Maude Ashurst Biggs; il. by
Cecile Walton. Lond. John Lane. 1920.
Seven tales condensed in translation.
Ledbetter, Eleanor E.
A girl queen. In Poland. 1 7:681. N. '26.
Legends associated with the life of the beloved and saintly Queerj
Jadwiga.
Strickland, William Walter
Pan-Slavonic folklore. N. Y. Westermann. 1930.
Contains a group of Polish tales from original sources.
Strowska, Susanne
Ten Polish folk tales; tr. from the French by M. O. 'Reilly;
il. by Dorothy A. H. Mills. ISOp. Lond. Burns, Oates
& Washbourne. 1929.
These stories are interestingly told, have real Polish atmosphere and
some humor, but several are rather gruesome.
Tibbits, Charles John
Folk-lore and legends: Russian and Polish. 183p. Lond.
W. W. Gibbings. 1890.
This small volume gives nine Polish tales.
Wratislaw, A. H.
Sixty folk tales from exclusively Slavonic sources. Bost.
Houghton. 1890.
Includes five Polish tales.
LITERARY HISTORY AND CRITICISM
Dobrzycki, Stanislaw
History of Polish literature. In Polish Encyclopaedia.
1:27-367.
(See p. 32. ) This work discusses Polish literary history from the
beginnings to the Romantic era. It is a brilliant piece of work, un-
surpassed in fine analysis and lucid structure.
Dyboski, Roman
The peasant in Polish literature. In Poland. 6:201. Ap.
'25. Periods of Polish literary history. 163p. Lond.
Oxford Press. 1923.
1 Poland, monthly magazine, see p. 31. As the paging of articles
in Poland is often broken, only the first page is cited.
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? IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION
15
Modern Polish literature. 131p. Lond. Oxford Press.
1924.
In these two books toe author has connected each period of Polish
literature with the social and political history of the nation. With
such a treatment, the work is not only a history of the literature, but
also of the movements of thot and feeling which lay behind the
written word.
Feldman, Jozef
Historical studies in Poland; a bibliographical survey. In
S. R. 2:660-6. Mr. '24.
Gardner, Monica M.
Poland, a study in national idealism. Lond. Burns &
Oates. 1915.
This excellent book interprets the soul of the nation by a study of
its literature.
Krzyzanowski, Juljan
Polish romantic literature. 310p. Lond. Allen and Unwin.
1930.
The author's scheme includes all the main aspects of his period,
with a brief introduction on the general character of Poland's earlier
literature. Mickiewicz, Slowacki. and Krasinski are properly given most
attention, followed by Kraszewskit Fredro, Norwid and minor writers.
He discusses literary values and interprets underlying ideas in a very
helpful way. He also shows the affinity of Poland's romantic literature
with the universal romantic movement of the century.
Two Jagiellonian prayer books. In S. R. 8:453-5. D. '29.
A review of two Polish publications of great historic interest.
Lednicki, Waclaw
Poland and the Slavophil idea. In S. R. 6:128-40. Je. '27;
7:649-68. Mr. '29.
Zielinski, Tadeusz
The peasant in Polish literature. In S. R. 1:584-97. Mr.
'23; 2:85-100. Je. '23.
CRITICISM OF INDIVIDUAL AUTHORS
Glowacki, Aleksander. Boleslaw Prus, pseud. 1847-1912
Glowacki, Sienkiewicz, and Orzeszkowa were the three out-
standing writers of their period. In S. R. 9:695-707. Mr.
'31, Professor Krzyzanowski gives an excellent review
of Glowacki's work and of his place in Polish literature.
Kasprowicz, Jan. 1860-1926
Critical sketch by Monica M. Gardner in S. R. 5:340-6.
D. '26. Review by Waclaw Borowy in S. R. 10:28-41.
Je. '31.
Kochanowski, Jan. 1530-84
In S. R. 9:224-6. Je. '30, Professor Krzyzanowski reviews
a Polish study of Kochanowski, with interesting original
comment.
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? 16 POLISH LITERATURE
Krasinski, Zygmunt. 1812-59
Gardner, Monica M. The anonymous poet of Poland,
Sigmund Krasinski. N. Y. Macmillan. 1920.
A sympathetic and understanding study of a great poet who was also
the most romantic figure of his time.
Malaczewski, Eugeniusz. 1895-1923
In S. R. 1:478-81. D. '22. Monica M. Gardner reviews
The Horse on the Hill, a book of short stories of great
distinction, written by a young Polish soldier during the
war period, on themes suggested by his experiences.
Mickiewicz, Adam. 1798-1855
Gardner, Monica M. Adam Mickiewicz, the national poet
of Poland. N. Y. Dutton. 1911.
This fine book is a good life of Poland's greatest poet, and a
competent study of his work, with many original translations included.
Perzynski, Wlodzimierz. 1878-1930
Sketch of his literary career by W. Borowy in S. R. 9:
726-8. Mr. '31.
Sienkiewicz, Henryk. 1846-1916
Gardner, Monica M. The patriot novelist of Poland,
Henryk Sienkiewicz. 291p. N. Y. Dutton. 1926.
Not a biographical study, but an account of the contents of his most
important novels. She has revealed the wonderful range and abundant
riches of his total achievement as a writer.
Skarga, Piotr. 1536-1612
A brief but illuminating review of the work of Skarga,
priest and prophet, is given by Mrs. Gardner in S. R.
5:462-3. D. '26.
Slowacki, Juljusz. 1809-49
Mitana, Tadeusz. Slowacki, man and artist. In Poland.
10:535. Ag. '29.
Wyspianski, Stanislaw. 1869-1907
Gardner, Monica M. The Polish rising in the dramas of
Wyspianski. In S. R. 9:361-74. D. '30.
Sketch by T. Zuk-Skarszewski, in Poland. 9:333-41. Je.
'28.
Zeromski, Stefan. 1864-1925
Zeromski and Reymont; an article by Professor Dyboski
in S. R. 4:552-61. Mr. '26.
"Poland'* two greatest writers of this generation in the field of the
novel. "
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? IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION 17
POLISH LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
TRANSLATION
COLLECTIONS
Benecke, Else C. M.
Tales by Polish authors. 198p. N. Y. Longmans, Green.
1915.
Benecke, Else C. M. and Busch, Marie
More tales by Polish authors. 288p. N. Y. Longmans,
Green. 1916.
Benecke, Else C. M. and Busch, Marie
-~ Selected Polish tales. (World's Classics) 348p. Lond. ,
N. Y. Oxford Press. 1925.
The contents of these three collections are indexed under the
individual authors.
Bowring, Sir John
Wybor Poezyi Polskiey. Specimens of the Polish poets
with notes and observations on the literature of Poland.
227p. Lond. The Author. 1827.
Manning, Clarence A. ed.
Slavonic literature. In Columbia University Course in
literature. Scandinavian and Slavonic literature. 1928.
Polish literature, p. 490-549.
Selver, Paul, tr.
Anthology of modern Slavonic literature in prose and
verse. 348p. Lond. Kegan-Paul; N. Y. Dutton. 1919.
Soboleski, Paul, ed.
Poets and poetry of Poland. Chic. Knight & Leonard.
1881. 2d ed. enlarged by 3 portraits, 1883.
Poets and poetry of Poland; a collection of Polish verse
including a short account of the history of Polish poetry
with 60 biographical sketches of Poland's poets and speci-
mens of their compositions, tr. into the English language;
ed. by Paul Soboleski. 3d ed.