The custom of
The extant orations of Lysias are contained in giving a bronze tripod as a prize to the choragus in
the collections of Aldus, H.
The extant orations of Lysias are contained in giving a bronze tripod as a prize to the choragus in
the collections of Aldus, H.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
490.
)
murder of Octavius, the chief of the embassy. Lysias was one of the most fertile writers of
[Leptings. ] He indeed immediately sent am- orations that Athens ever produced, for there were
bassadors to Rome to disclaim all participation in in antiquity no less than 425 orations which were
the deed, but did not offer to give up or punish the current under his name, though the ancient critics
assassin. Meanwhile, the young prince, Demetrius, were of opinion that only 230 of them were genuine
made his escape from Rome, where he had been de productions of Lysias. " (Dionys. Lys. 17º; Plut.
tained as a hostage and landed at Tripolis in Syria. 1. p. 836; Phot. l. c. p. 488; Cic. Brut. 16. )
The people immediately declared in his favour ; Of these orations 35 only are extant, and even
and Lysias, as well as the young Antiochus, was among these some are incomplete, and others are
seized by the populace, and given up to Demetrius, probably spurious. Of 53 others we possess only
who ordered them both to be put to death, B. C. a few fragments. Most of these orations, only one
162. (Joseph. Ant. xii. 10. § 1; 1 Macc. vii. ; of which (that against Eratosthenes, B. C. 403) he
2 Macc. xiv. 1, 2; Appian. Syr. 46, 47 ; Polyb. delivered himself in court, were composed after his
xxxi. 15, 19; Liv. Epit
. xlvi; Euseb. Arm. p. return from Thurii to Athens. There are, however,
166, fol. edit. )
some among them which probably belong to an
5. A native of Tarsus in Cilicia, called by Athe earlier period of his life, when Lysias treated his
næus an Epicurean philosopher, who raised himself art more from a theoretical point of view, and they
to the position of tyrant of his native city. (Athen. must therefore be regarded as rhetorical exercises.
v. p. 215. b. )
(E. H. B. ] But from the commencement of the speech against
LY'SIAS (Avoias), an Attic orator, was born Eratosthenes we must conclude that his real career
at Athens in B. C. 458 ; he was the son of Cepha- as a writer of orations began about B. C. 403.
lus, who was a native of Syracuse, and had taken Among the lost works of Lysias we may mention a
up his abode at Athens, on the invitation of Pericles. manual of rhetoric (Téxvn SnTopiań), probably one
(Dionys. Lys. 1; Plut. Vit. X. Orat. p. 835; of his early productions, which, however, is lost.
Phot. Bibl. Cod. 262, p. 488, &c. ; Suid. s. v. Av | How highly the orations of Lysias were valued in
p
olas; Lys. c. Eratosth. § 4; Cic. Brut. 16. ) When antiquity may be inferred from the great number
he was little more than fifteen years old, in B. C. 443, of persons that wrote commentaries upon them,
Lysias and his two (some say three) brothers joined such as Caecilius Calactinus, Zosimus of Gaza,
the Athenians who went as colonists to Thurii in Zeno of Cittium, Harpocration, Paullus Germinus,
Italy. He there completed his education under and others. All the works of these critics have
the instruction of two Syracusans, Tisias and Ni- perished. The only criticism of any importance
cias, and afterwards enjoyed great esteem among upon Lysias that has come down to us is that of
the Thurians, and even seems to have taken part Dionysius of Halicarnassus, in his ſlepe twv åpxalwv
in the administration of the young republic. From | ρητόρων υπομνηματισμοί, the των αρχαίων κρίσις,
a passage of Aristotle (ap. Cic. Brut. 12), we learn and in his account of Lysias, to which we may add
that he devoted some time to the teaching of the remarks of Photius. According to the judg-
rhetoric, though it is uncertain whether he entered ment of Dionysius, and the accidental remarks of
upon this profession while yet at Thurii, or others, which are borne out by a careful examina-
did not commence till after his return to Athens, tion of the orations still extant, the diction of
where we know that Isaeus was one of his pupils. Lysias is perfectly pure, and may be looked upon
(Plut. l. c. p. 839; Phot. Bibl. Cod. p. 490, a) as the best canon of the Attic idiom ; his language
În B. C. 411, when he had attained the age of forty- is natural and simple, but at the same time noble
seven, after the defeat of the Athenians in Sicily, and dignified (Dionys. Lys. 2, 3, Demosth. 13;
all persons, both in Sicily and in the south of Italy, Cic. Brut. 82 ; Quintil. xii. 10. $ 21, comp. ix. 4.
who were suspected of favouring the cause of the $ 17); it is always clear and lucid ; the copious-
Athenians, were exposed to persecutions; and ness of his style does not injure its precision ; nor
Lysias, together with 300 others, was expelled by can his rhetorical embellishments be considered as
the Spartan party from Thurii, as a partisan of the impairing the charming simplicity of his style.
Athenians. "He now returned to Athens ; but (Dionys. Lys. 4, &c. ) His delineations of cha-
there too great misfortunes awaited him, for during racter are always striking and true to life. (Dionys.
the rule of the Thirty Tyrants, after the battle of Lys. 7; Quintil. iii. 8. $ 51; Phot. I. c. p. 488. )
Aegospotami, he was looked upon as an enemy of! But what characterises his orations above those of
3 K
VOL. IL
## p. 866 (#882) ############################################
866
LYSICLES.
LYSIMACHE.
a
all other ancients, is the indescribable gracefulness | it appears, after the death of Pericles married As.
and elegance which pervade all of them, without in pasia By her he had a son, Poristes, and through
the least impairing their power and energy ; and her instructions, says Aeschines the disciple of
this gracefulness was considered as so peculiar a Socrates, he attained the highest importance. (Ap.
feature in all Lysias' productions, that Dionysius Plut. Per. c. 24 ; Schol. ad Plat. Mencr. p. 235 ;
thought it a fit criterion by which the genuine compare Harpocr. and Hesych. s. v. pobatans ;
works of Lysias might be distinguished from the Schol. ad Aristoph. Eq. I. c. ) (A. H. C. ]
spurious works that went by his name. (Dionys. 2. One of the commanders of the Athenian
Lys. 10, &c. , 3, Demosth. 13, Dinarch. 7; comp. army at the battle of Chaeroneia, B. C. 338, was
Cic. Brut. 9, 16 ; Quintil. ix. 4. $ 17, xii. 10. $ 24. ) subsequently condemned to death, upon the
The manner in which Lysias treats his subjects is accusation of the orator Lycurgus. (Diod. xvi.
equally deserving of high praise. (Dionys. Lys. 85, 88. ) The speech which Lycurgus delivered
15—19; Hermogen. De Form. Orat. ii. p. 490. ) against Lysicles is referred to by Harpocration
It is, therefore, no matter of surprise to hear that (s. rr. én anniw and Seuladera).
among
the many orations he wrote for others, two LYSI'CRATES (Avoikpatns), an Athenian,
only are said to have been unsuccessful. (Plut. whose name has become celebrated by means of his
I. c. p. 836. )
beautiful choragic monument.
The custom of
The extant orations of Lysias are contained in giving a bronze tripod as a prize to the choragus in
the collections of Aldus, H. Stephens, Reiske, the dramatic exhibitions, and of then dedicating
Dukas, Bekker, and Baiter and Sauppe. Among the tripod to some divinity, is described in the
the separate editions, we mention those of J. Tay- “ Dictionary of Antiquities," s. r. CHOREGIA.
lor (London, 1739, 4to. with a full critical appa- The most usual manner of dedicating the tripod
ratus and emendations by Markland), C. Foertsch was by placing it on the summit of a small building
(Leipzig, 1829, 8vo. ), J. Franz (Munich, 1831, erected for the express purpose of receiving it. The
8vo. , in which the orations are arranged in their choragic monument of Lysicrates is such an erec-
chronological order); compare J. Franz, Dissertatio tion. From a square base arises a circular build-
de Lysiu Oratore Attico Gruece scripta, Norimbergae, ing, consisting of six Corinthian columnis, connected
18:28, 8vo. ; L. Hoelscher, De Lysiae Oratoris Vita by a wall, and supporting a flat cupola of one piece
el Dictione, Berlin, 1837, 8vo. , and De Vita et of marble, from the centre of which rises a beautiful
Scriptis Lysiae Oratoris Commentatio, Berlin, 1837, flower-like ornament, which spreads out at the
8vo. ; Westermann, Gesch. der Griech. Beredtsam- summit so as to afford a base for the tripod, the
keit, SS 46, 47, and Beilage, iii. pp. 278—288. marks of which are still visible upon it. The de-
There are some other persons of the name of tails are of surpassing beauty, and can only be ap-
Lysias, who come under the head of literary cha- preciated from a good drawing. The best engraving,
racters. 1. Lysias of Tarsus, an epicurean philo- or rather set of engravings, of it are given by
sopher, who usurped the tyrannis in his native Mauch (Neue Systematische Darstellung d. Ar-
place on the occasion of his being raised to the chitektonischen Ordnungen, 3e Auflage, taf. 54—
priesthood of Heracles, and afterwards distinguished 57). The following is the inscription on the archi-
himself by his indulgence in luxuries and cruelty. trave:
(Athen. v. p. 215. ) 2. A person who is one of the
Λυσικράτης Λυσιτείδου Κικυννεύς έχορήγει,
interlocutors in Plutarch's treatise de Musica. 3.
'Ακαμαντίς παίδων ενίκα, Θέων ηύλει,
A sophist, who was, according to Taylor, the author
Λυσιάδης Αθηναίος εδίδασκε, Εύαίνετος ήρχε.
of the épWTIKá, which are attributed by some of
the ancients to the orator Lysias. (Taylor, Vit. (Böckh, Corp. Inscr. 221. ) The archonship of
Lys. p. 154. ) This sophist may be the one men-
.
Evaenetus was in Ol. cxi. 2, B. c. 335.
tioned by Demosthenes (c. Neaer. p. 351. [L. S. ] The building is vulgarly called the Lantern of
LY'SIAS, a sculptor of the time of Augustus, Demosthenes, who is said to have erected it with
for whom he executed a great and highly valued the object of studying in the seclusion of its in-
group, representing A pollo and Diana in a four-terior. Not only is this tradition unsupported by
horse chariot, which Augustus placed in the chapel any authority, and disproved by the inscription,
erected by him to the memory of his father, Octa- but it is clear that the interior
the building,
vius, on the Palatine hill. Pliny says that the which is not quite six feet in diameter, was not
group was of one piece of marble ; but similar applied to any use, and had, in fact, no entrance.
statements of his respecting other groups, which It is now open, having at some period been broken
are still extant, the Laocoon for instance, have into, probably in search of treasure. (Stuart and
been disproved by an examination of the works Rerett, Antiquities of Athens, vol. i. p. 139; Hirt,
themselves : we may therefore suspect his accuracy Geschichte d. Buukunst bei den Alten, vol. ii. p.
in this instance. (Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 5. 6. 4. § 10; 26. )
[P. S. ]
Meyer, Kunstgeschichte, vol. iii. pp. 38, 39. ) [P. S. ) LYSI'DICE (Avoidian), a daughter of Pelops,
LYSICLES (Avoikañs). 1. Possibly a son of married to Mestor, by whom she had a daughter,
Abronychus, was sent out by the Athenians, with Hippothoe (Apollod. ii. 4. § 5). Others call her
four colleagues, in command of twelve ships for the wife of Alcaeus, and mother of Amphitryon
raising money among their allies, B. C. 428. He (Paus. viii. 14. “ 2). A third account is given by
was attacked, in an expedition up the plain of the the scholiast on Pindar (Ol. vii. 49). A second
Maeander, by some Carians and Samians of Anaca, personage of the name is mentioned by Apollodorus
and fell with many of his men. (Thuc. iii. 19. ) (ii. 7. $ 8).
[L. S. )
Possibly this Lysicles is the same with Lysicles LYSI'DICUS, the father of C. Annius Cimber,
" the sheep dealer,” whom Aristophanes appears to the latter of whom Cicero calls Lysidicum ipsum,
allude to (Eq. 131) as Cleon's immediate prede- i. e. Avoidikov, “ quoniam omnia jura dissolvit. "
cessor on the demagogic throne, and in a subsequent (Cic. Phil. xi. 6. ) [CIMBER, Annies. )
passage (ib. 765) names in bad company, and who, LYSIMACHE (Avoguáxn), a daughter of
## p. 867 (#883) ############################################
LYSIMACHUS.
867
LYSIMACHU'S.
Abas, and the wife of Talaus (Apollod. i. 9. & 13 ; 1 ment to the important post of one of the owuato-
ADRASTUS). Another personage of the same name Púrakes, officers immediately about the person of
occurs in Apollodorus (iii. 12. $ 5). (L. S. ) Alexander. But though we find him early attain-
LYSIMA'CHIDES (Avoimaxions), a Greek ing this distinction, and he is frequently mentioned
writer, the author of a work on the Attic orators, as in close attendance on the king, he does not
addressed to Caecilius. He seems also to have seem to have been readily entrusted with any
written on other subjects connected with the Athe- separate command, or with the conduct of any
nians. (Ammon. de Diff. Voc. s. v. Oewpós ; llar- enterprise of importance, as was so often the case
pocrat. s. r. MaluartTipuv, Metayeitwicv; Voss. with Ptolemy, Perdiccas, Leonnatus, and others of
de Hist. Graec. p. 231, ed. Westermann. ) [C. P. M. ] the same officers. Hence it would appear that
LYSI'MACHUS (Avoiuaxos). 1. An Athe- Alexander deemed him more qualified for a soldier
nian, father of Aristeides the Just. (llerod. viii. than a general. (Arr. Anub. v. 13, 24, vi. 28, vii.
79; Thuc. i. 91; Plut. Arist. init. )
5, Ind. 18; Curt. viii. 1, § 46 ; but comp.
Aelian.
2. Son of Aristcides, and grandson of the pre- v. 11. xii. 16, who calls him otpatnyeiv ayadós. )
ceding, is spoken of as a man himself of an insigni- We are told by Q. Curtius that Lysimachus, when
ficant character, but who received a grant of lands bunting in Syria, had killed a lion of immense size
and money, as well as an allowance for his daily single-handed, though not without receiving severe
maintenance, by a decree of Alcibiades, in con- wounds in the contest ; and this circumstance that
sideration of his father's services. He left two writer regards as the origin of a fable gravely re-
children, a son, Aristeides, and a daughter named lated by Justin, Plutarch, Pliny, and other authors,
Polycrité, who also received a public allowance for that on account of some offence, Lysimachus had
her grandfather's sake. (Plut. Arist. 27 ; Dem. c. been shut up by order of Alexander in the same
Lept. § 95, p. 491, and Schol. ad loc. )
den with a lion; but though unarmed, had suc-
3. Son of Lysimachus, king of Thrace (see be- ceeded in destroying the animal, and was pardoned
low), by Arsinoë, daughter of Ptolemy Soter, by the king in consideration of his courage. (Curt.
After the death of his father (B. C. 281), he tied viii. 1. § 15; Plut.
murder of Octavius, the chief of the embassy. Lysias was one of the most fertile writers of
[Leptings. ] He indeed immediately sent am- orations that Athens ever produced, for there were
bassadors to Rome to disclaim all participation in in antiquity no less than 425 orations which were
the deed, but did not offer to give up or punish the current under his name, though the ancient critics
assassin. Meanwhile, the young prince, Demetrius, were of opinion that only 230 of them were genuine
made his escape from Rome, where he had been de productions of Lysias. " (Dionys. Lys. 17º; Plut.
tained as a hostage and landed at Tripolis in Syria. 1. p. 836; Phot. l. c. p. 488; Cic. Brut. 16. )
The people immediately declared in his favour ; Of these orations 35 only are extant, and even
and Lysias, as well as the young Antiochus, was among these some are incomplete, and others are
seized by the populace, and given up to Demetrius, probably spurious. Of 53 others we possess only
who ordered them both to be put to death, B. C. a few fragments. Most of these orations, only one
162. (Joseph. Ant. xii. 10. § 1; 1 Macc. vii. ; of which (that against Eratosthenes, B. C. 403) he
2 Macc. xiv. 1, 2; Appian. Syr. 46, 47 ; Polyb. delivered himself in court, were composed after his
xxxi. 15, 19; Liv. Epit
. xlvi; Euseb. Arm. p. return from Thurii to Athens. There are, however,
166, fol. edit. )
some among them which probably belong to an
5. A native of Tarsus in Cilicia, called by Athe earlier period of his life, when Lysias treated his
næus an Epicurean philosopher, who raised himself art more from a theoretical point of view, and they
to the position of tyrant of his native city. (Athen. must therefore be regarded as rhetorical exercises.
v. p. 215. b. )
(E. H. B. ] But from the commencement of the speech against
LY'SIAS (Avoias), an Attic orator, was born Eratosthenes we must conclude that his real career
at Athens in B. C. 458 ; he was the son of Cepha- as a writer of orations began about B. C. 403.
lus, who was a native of Syracuse, and had taken Among the lost works of Lysias we may mention a
up his abode at Athens, on the invitation of Pericles. manual of rhetoric (Téxvn SnTopiań), probably one
(Dionys. Lys. 1; Plut. Vit. X. Orat. p. 835; of his early productions, which, however, is lost.
Phot. Bibl. Cod. 262, p. 488, &c. ; Suid. s. v. Av | How highly the orations of Lysias were valued in
p
olas; Lys. c. Eratosth. § 4; Cic. Brut. 16. ) When antiquity may be inferred from the great number
he was little more than fifteen years old, in B. C. 443, of persons that wrote commentaries upon them,
Lysias and his two (some say three) brothers joined such as Caecilius Calactinus, Zosimus of Gaza,
the Athenians who went as colonists to Thurii in Zeno of Cittium, Harpocration, Paullus Germinus,
Italy. He there completed his education under and others. All the works of these critics have
the instruction of two Syracusans, Tisias and Ni- perished. The only criticism of any importance
cias, and afterwards enjoyed great esteem among upon Lysias that has come down to us is that of
the Thurians, and even seems to have taken part Dionysius of Halicarnassus, in his ſlepe twv åpxalwv
in the administration of the young republic. From | ρητόρων υπομνηματισμοί, the των αρχαίων κρίσις,
a passage of Aristotle (ap. Cic. Brut. 12), we learn and in his account of Lysias, to which we may add
that he devoted some time to the teaching of the remarks of Photius. According to the judg-
rhetoric, though it is uncertain whether he entered ment of Dionysius, and the accidental remarks of
upon this profession while yet at Thurii, or others, which are borne out by a careful examina-
did not commence till after his return to Athens, tion of the orations still extant, the diction of
where we know that Isaeus was one of his pupils. Lysias is perfectly pure, and may be looked upon
(Plut. l. c. p. 839; Phot. Bibl. Cod. p. 490, a) as the best canon of the Attic idiom ; his language
În B. C. 411, when he had attained the age of forty- is natural and simple, but at the same time noble
seven, after the defeat of the Athenians in Sicily, and dignified (Dionys. Lys. 2, 3, Demosth. 13;
all persons, both in Sicily and in the south of Italy, Cic. Brut. 82 ; Quintil. xii. 10. $ 21, comp. ix. 4.
who were suspected of favouring the cause of the $ 17); it is always clear and lucid ; the copious-
Athenians, were exposed to persecutions; and ness of his style does not injure its precision ; nor
Lysias, together with 300 others, was expelled by can his rhetorical embellishments be considered as
the Spartan party from Thurii, as a partisan of the impairing the charming simplicity of his style.
Athenians. "He now returned to Athens ; but (Dionys. Lys. 4, &c. ) His delineations of cha-
there too great misfortunes awaited him, for during racter are always striking and true to life. (Dionys.
the rule of the Thirty Tyrants, after the battle of Lys. 7; Quintil. iii. 8. $ 51; Phot. I. c. p. 488. )
Aegospotami, he was looked upon as an enemy of! But what characterises his orations above those of
3 K
VOL. IL
## p. 866 (#882) ############################################
866
LYSICLES.
LYSIMACHE.
a
all other ancients, is the indescribable gracefulness | it appears, after the death of Pericles married As.
and elegance which pervade all of them, without in pasia By her he had a son, Poristes, and through
the least impairing their power and energy ; and her instructions, says Aeschines the disciple of
this gracefulness was considered as so peculiar a Socrates, he attained the highest importance. (Ap.
feature in all Lysias' productions, that Dionysius Plut. Per. c. 24 ; Schol. ad Plat. Mencr. p. 235 ;
thought it a fit criterion by which the genuine compare Harpocr. and Hesych. s. v. pobatans ;
works of Lysias might be distinguished from the Schol. ad Aristoph. Eq. I. c. ) (A. H. C. ]
spurious works that went by his name. (Dionys. 2. One of the commanders of the Athenian
Lys. 10, &c. , 3, Demosth. 13, Dinarch. 7; comp. army at the battle of Chaeroneia, B. C. 338, was
Cic. Brut. 9, 16 ; Quintil. ix. 4. $ 17, xii. 10. $ 24. ) subsequently condemned to death, upon the
The manner in which Lysias treats his subjects is accusation of the orator Lycurgus. (Diod. xvi.
equally deserving of high praise. (Dionys. Lys. 85, 88. ) The speech which Lycurgus delivered
15—19; Hermogen. De Form. Orat. ii. p. 490. ) against Lysicles is referred to by Harpocration
It is, therefore, no matter of surprise to hear that (s. rr. én anniw and Seuladera).
among
the many orations he wrote for others, two LYSI'CRATES (Avoikpatns), an Athenian,
only are said to have been unsuccessful. (Plut. whose name has become celebrated by means of his
I. c. p. 836. )
beautiful choragic monument.
The custom of
The extant orations of Lysias are contained in giving a bronze tripod as a prize to the choragus in
the collections of Aldus, H. Stephens, Reiske, the dramatic exhibitions, and of then dedicating
Dukas, Bekker, and Baiter and Sauppe. Among the tripod to some divinity, is described in the
the separate editions, we mention those of J. Tay- “ Dictionary of Antiquities," s. r. CHOREGIA.
lor (London, 1739, 4to. with a full critical appa- The most usual manner of dedicating the tripod
ratus and emendations by Markland), C. Foertsch was by placing it on the summit of a small building
(Leipzig, 1829, 8vo. ), J. Franz (Munich, 1831, erected for the express purpose of receiving it. The
8vo. , in which the orations are arranged in their choragic monument of Lysicrates is such an erec-
chronological order); compare J. Franz, Dissertatio tion. From a square base arises a circular build-
de Lysiu Oratore Attico Gruece scripta, Norimbergae, ing, consisting of six Corinthian columnis, connected
18:28, 8vo. ; L. Hoelscher, De Lysiae Oratoris Vita by a wall, and supporting a flat cupola of one piece
el Dictione, Berlin, 1837, 8vo. , and De Vita et of marble, from the centre of which rises a beautiful
Scriptis Lysiae Oratoris Commentatio, Berlin, 1837, flower-like ornament, which spreads out at the
8vo. ; Westermann, Gesch. der Griech. Beredtsam- summit so as to afford a base for the tripod, the
keit, SS 46, 47, and Beilage, iii. pp. 278—288. marks of which are still visible upon it. The de-
There are some other persons of the name of tails are of surpassing beauty, and can only be ap-
Lysias, who come under the head of literary cha- preciated from a good drawing. The best engraving,
racters. 1. Lysias of Tarsus, an epicurean philo- or rather set of engravings, of it are given by
sopher, who usurped the tyrannis in his native Mauch (Neue Systematische Darstellung d. Ar-
place on the occasion of his being raised to the chitektonischen Ordnungen, 3e Auflage, taf. 54—
priesthood of Heracles, and afterwards distinguished 57). The following is the inscription on the archi-
himself by his indulgence in luxuries and cruelty. trave:
(Athen. v. p. 215. ) 2. A person who is one of the
Λυσικράτης Λυσιτείδου Κικυννεύς έχορήγει,
interlocutors in Plutarch's treatise de Musica. 3.
'Ακαμαντίς παίδων ενίκα, Θέων ηύλει,
A sophist, who was, according to Taylor, the author
Λυσιάδης Αθηναίος εδίδασκε, Εύαίνετος ήρχε.
of the épWTIKá, which are attributed by some of
the ancients to the orator Lysias. (Taylor, Vit. (Böckh, Corp. Inscr. 221. ) The archonship of
Lys. p. 154. ) This sophist may be the one men-
.
Evaenetus was in Ol. cxi. 2, B. c. 335.
tioned by Demosthenes (c. Neaer. p. 351. [L. S. ] The building is vulgarly called the Lantern of
LY'SIAS, a sculptor of the time of Augustus, Demosthenes, who is said to have erected it with
for whom he executed a great and highly valued the object of studying in the seclusion of its in-
group, representing A pollo and Diana in a four-terior. Not only is this tradition unsupported by
horse chariot, which Augustus placed in the chapel any authority, and disproved by the inscription,
erected by him to the memory of his father, Octa- but it is clear that the interior
the building,
vius, on the Palatine hill. Pliny says that the which is not quite six feet in diameter, was not
group was of one piece of marble ; but similar applied to any use, and had, in fact, no entrance.
statements of his respecting other groups, which It is now open, having at some period been broken
are still extant, the Laocoon for instance, have into, probably in search of treasure. (Stuart and
been disproved by an examination of the works Rerett, Antiquities of Athens, vol. i. p. 139; Hirt,
themselves : we may therefore suspect his accuracy Geschichte d. Buukunst bei den Alten, vol. ii. p.
in this instance. (Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 5. 6. 4. § 10; 26. )
[P. S. ]
Meyer, Kunstgeschichte, vol. iii. pp. 38, 39. ) [P. S. ) LYSI'DICE (Avoidian), a daughter of Pelops,
LYSICLES (Avoikañs). 1. Possibly a son of married to Mestor, by whom she had a daughter,
Abronychus, was sent out by the Athenians, with Hippothoe (Apollod. ii. 4. § 5). Others call her
four colleagues, in command of twelve ships for the wife of Alcaeus, and mother of Amphitryon
raising money among their allies, B. C. 428. He (Paus. viii. 14. “ 2). A third account is given by
was attacked, in an expedition up the plain of the the scholiast on Pindar (Ol. vii. 49). A second
Maeander, by some Carians and Samians of Anaca, personage of the name is mentioned by Apollodorus
and fell with many of his men. (Thuc. iii. 19. ) (ii. 7. $ 8).
[L. S. )
Possibly this Lysicles is the same with Lysicles LYSI'DICUS, the father of C. Annius Cimber,
" the sheep dealer,” whom Aristophanes appears to the latter of whom Cicero calls Lysidicum ipsum,
allude to (Eq. 131) as Cleon's immediate prede- i. e. Avoidikov, “ quoniam omnia jura dissolvit. "
cessor on the demagogic throne, and in a subsequent (Cic. Phil. xi. 6. ) [CIMBER, Annies. )
passage (ib. 765) names in bad company, and who, LYSIMACHE (Avoguáxn), a daughter of
## p. 867 (#883) ############################################
LYSIMACHUS.
867
LYSIMACHU'S.
Abas, and the wife of Talaus (Apollod. i. 9. & 13 ; 1 ment to the important post of one of the owuato-
ADRASTUS). Another personage of the same name Púrakes, officers immediately about the person of
occurs in Apollodorus (iii. 12. $ 5). (L. S. ) Alexander. But though we find him early attain-
LYSIMA'CHIDES (Avoimaxions), a Greek ing this distinction, and he is frequently mentioned
writer, the author of a work on the Attic orators, as in close attendance on the king, he does not
addressed to Caecilius. He seems also to have seem to have been readily entrusted with any
written on other subjects connected with the Athe- separate command, or with the conduct of any
nians. (Ammon. de Diff. Voc. s. v. Oewpós ; llar- enterprise of importance, as was so often the case
pocrat. s. r. MaluartTipuv, Metayeitwicv; Voss. with Ptolemy, Perdiccas, Leonnatus, and others of
de Hist. Graec. p. 231, ed. Westermann. ) [C. P. M. ] the same officers. Hence it would appear that
LYSI'MACHUS (Avoiuaxos). 1. An Athe- Alexander deemed him more qualified for a soldier
nian, father of Aristeides the Just. (llerod. viii. than a general. (Arr. Anub. v. 13, 24, vi. 28, vii.
79; Thuc. i. 91; Plut. Arist. init. )
5, Ind. 18; Curt. viii. 1, § 46 ; but comp.
Aelian.
2. Son of Aristcides, and grandson of the pre- v. 11. xii. 16, who calls him otpatnyeiv ayadós. )
ceding, is spoken of as a man himself of an insigni- We are told by Q. Curtius that Lysimachus, when
ficant character, but who received a grant of lands bunting in Syria, had killed a lion of immense size
and money, as well as an allowance for his daily single-handed, though not without receiving severe
maintenance, by a decree of Alcibiades, in con- wounds in the contest ; and this circumstance that
sideration of his father's services. He left two writer regards as the origin of a fable gravely re-
children, a son, Aristeides, and a daughter named lated by Justin, Plutarch, Pliny, and other authors,
Polycrité, who also received a public allowance for that on account of some offence, Lysimachus had
her grandfather's sake. (Plut. Arist. 27 ; Dem. c. been shut up by order of Alexander in the same
Lept. § 95, p. 491, and Schol. ad loc. )
den with a lion; but though unarmed, had suc-
3. Son of Lysimachus, king of Thrace (see be- ceeded in destroying the animal, and was pardoned
low), by Arsinoë, daughter of Ptolemy Soter, by the king in consideration of his courage. (Curt.
After the death of his father (B. C. 281), he tied viii. 1. § 15; Plut.
