39, 43, 44-
was the granted by
king,
and Amand returned to erect a
basilica,
health.
was the granted by
king,
and Amand returned to erect a
basilica,
health.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v6
There, too, the favour of Heaven was copiously obtained, in holy visions ; and, as from early youth, virtue was conspicuous in all the dispositions, morals, anJ actions of our saint, so as years advanced, his perfection increased.
Humility, justice, truth, chastity and charity were fully manifested, in the life of this poor servant of Christ.
Those who came into his presence were moved to great reverence for him.
Wherefore, he received from the Almighty the gift of miracles, and not only did he heal the sick, and exorcise demons, but even he was known to have restored the dead to life.
In that retreat he had chosen, from being a tyro in Divine wisdom and philosophy, St.
Berthold became a master of the spiritual life, and various disciples were under his virtuous charge.
Among
fountains—called by their respective names—are consecrated in popular tra- dition ; while feverish and other patients were accustomed to resort to them, and to drink from their waters, in the hope of being restored to health. 18 In that place of retreat did St. Berthold prolong life, for about fifty-three years. He was an example to all, owing to his spirit of lowliness, abstinence, patience, poverty, obedience and conformity to the Divine will. At length, finding the time of his mortal pilgrimage about to close, he called Amand to him, and after he had declared where he wished to be interred, and when he had given other parting counsel, he cried out in a loud voice: "Into thy hands, Christ Jesus, I commend my spirit. " Soon after this, his soul was released from earthly chains. The date of this holy man's death has been assigned to the 16th of June, about the year 540, and in the seventy-third
named Oliva l6 and
embraced a life of strict seclusion in a wood not far removed. There, two
others,
two
holy virgins,
Libertas,
1 ? directed
by him,
ofhis 1? To this
age. day,
22 and
simon,23 while by Greven, in his Additions to Usuard,2* it is set down at the
14th of June. After Berthold's holy death, many pilgrims flocked to the place ofhisdeposition,andthesewerehealedfromvariousinfirmities. Dailywere such miracles repeated, and great wonders were wrought through his inter- cession. Some religious disciples are thought to have succeeded St. Ber-
a guardian. Rcmensis Ilistoria, a Flodoardo primum 14 This holy Archbishop's festival is at auetius digests, demum alinn ie accersilis the 1st of October. See his Life, at that plurinuim aucta et illustr. Tta, et ad nostrum
"
date, in Rev. Alban Butler's Lives of the hoc sacuium fideliter deducta," lib. ii. ,
Fathers,MartyrsandotherprincipalSaints," cap. xvi.
vol. x. October I. ' 9 According to Guilclmus Marlot, " Me-
'5 It is said he flourished, from A. D. 459 tropolis Remensis Historia," &c, lib. ii. ,
year
his festival has been
assigned by
the old
Gallic Breviaries,20 Marlot,21 by
by Saussay,
by
Father Fitz- Henry
to
16 We do not find her name, in any of the
Calendars.
'' If she had a feast, it does not now seem
xvi.
533.
cap.
As already shown.
"• In his "Metropolis R mensis His- toria. "
to be known.
18 See Guilelmus Marlot's "
ai In his " st| In his "
Gallicanum. *' Catal'ogus aliquorum Sancto-
Metropolis
Martyrologium
June 16. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
679
thald, in that place; but, it is questionable, as to whether they embraced the Columban Rule or otherwise, since many nouses of that order had been for- merly within the Archdiocese of Rheims. At length, it was resolved to establish a religious house in the place, where so many special favours had been received. Raynald, Count of Chateauportien, about the year 1045, founded there a church dedicated to St. Berthald, and to it was attached a collegeofsecularCanons. Fortheirmaintenance,heassignedalargetract of adjacent woodland, with various villages and the tithes of the tovvn. 2 s At a subsequent period, Roger, son of the preceding Raynald, added as an endowment the village of Remald-Curtis, with its appurtenances and tithes, together with jurisdiction over the inhabitants. 26 Under the invocation of Saints Bertaud and Amand was dedicated the ancient Chaumont-la-Piscine Abbey of the Premonstratensian Order, said to have been founded in the year 1140,byReginalddeRoset. Anotheraccountattributesafoundationhere to Henricus de Castello, Comes Portiensis, Calvimontis and Grandisprati, in 1 142, in favour of two hermits, named Rodulf and Guarnerius. However, it seems to be tolerably well demonstrated, that the Premonstratensians were
not introduced to Chaumont-Porcien until a. d. i 147. Afterwards, their house obtained great accessions, through the benevolence of Roger, Count of
Roset, in a. d. 12 19. In the year 1 248,^ the relics of St. Berthald, with those of other saints, viz. : Viventius 28 and Amandus, with the virgins Oliva and Libertas, were translated, and placed within new cases. 29 Father Daniel Papebroke remarks, that he could not well ascertain what relics of Amandus andofViventiushadbeenretainedatChaumont. 3° Wehaveanattestation of various miracles, that had been wrought in the church of St. Berthald, in favour of persons of all ages and of both sexes, who laboured under different infirmities, and especially of those affected with madness and mental imbeci- lity. This was drawn up by the Vicars-General of the diocese of Rheims, in that city, on the 19th of March, 1430. Until the sixteentli century, when
1
the Huguenots had raised disturbances in France^ the Abbey continued to
enjoy its privileges and possessions; but, in the year 1589, it was captured and pillaged by the Huguenots, who were soon afterwards expelled, and the placewasoccupiedbytheroyalsoldiers. Thereligioushadremovedmean- time to some distance from their former house, and they officiated in a chapel belonging to the monastery of St. Hubert. In 1623, the site of their Abbey was transferred to a pleasant valley, not far distant ; and, about the year 1634, their church was dedicated by Henry, Bishop of Tarsis. Various indul-
rum Hibernue. "
24 His work appeared, A. D. 15 15 and A. D.
jcai.
2s This statement rests on a Record of the
Lord Archbishop of Rheims, Rodulph, and dated a. d. HI I.
26 The Instrument containing this attested grant is dated 10S7, and in the twenty- eighth year of Philip, King of the Franks.
27 According to an ancient document, for- merly preserved in the Archives of the Premonstratensian Abbey, this translation took place on the Kalends of June, during that year, and it purports to be an instru- ment under the hand of Guido, Bishop of Soissons, who inspected the names of those holy persons, as set forth in schedules, and
Rheims, and his feast is assigned to the 7th
of September.
29 It is related, in F. J. Lietau's Life of St.
Berthald, and in the Twentieth Chapter, that this Translation took place in a secret
manner, on the Vigil of St. John the Baptist, and on the Octave of St. Berthald's feast,
The
3° See " Acta Sanctorum, tomus 111. , Junii xvi. De SS. Berthaldo et Amando Eremitis et Presbytens m Remensi Gallia;
Dioeccsi, sect, i. , pp. 98 to 100.
3 ' See an account of their proceedings in
Bossuefs " Abrege de
28 He was the ninth Archbishop of Completes, tome xi. Migne s edition.
on the statement of men deserving credit.
lest the people might prevent it. Archbishop gave permission, while Father Nicolas Bugnet and the Religious were en- gaged in the Translation.
Histoirede France, liv. xvii. , col. 325 to col. ; 478. CLuvres
1
68o LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [June 16.
gences were obtained from the Sovereign Pontiffs 32 and Cardinals, on behalf of those who visited the shrine of our saint, and who complied with certain
prescribed pious conditions. 33 Even, at a comparatively late period, two remarkable miracles have been attributed to his intercession ;34 one of these
was wrought in favour of a pious woman, Anna de Bonnaire, widow of Guil- laume, belonging to a village called Harpy, who visited the church and sacred shrine of St. Berthald, where she performed a round of devotions and was freed from a chronic headache ; another miracle was experienced by Charles de Sein, from a village called Scrincurt, who was released from a phrenesis and an aberration of mind, while assisting there during the Holy Sacrifice of Mass. 35 Nodoubt,theresidenceofSt. Berthald,andthesubsequentfounda- tion of the Premonstratensian Abbey, formed the origin 36 of the actual town of Chaumont-Porcien, at present the chief seat of a Canton, in the depart- mentofArdennes. ALitanycompiledinhonourofSt. Berthaldwaswont to be recited, and it admirably sets forth his various virtues and merits. 37 It also concludes with a Prayer to the Almighty, that his devout clients might be able to follow sincerely the bright examples of their venerable patron, who was so distinguished for his humility, love of privation, and spirit of penance, and that they might be aided through his powerful intercession.
Article III. —St. Amandus or Amand, Hermit, of Beaumont,
Champagne, France. [Sixth Century. '] From the preceding Article, we have been told, that this holy servant of God was a companion in exile of St. Berthold. An ancient Manuscript Life of St. Amandus had been extracted
1 when his Acts. This was from compiling
for ' and used the by
Bollandists,
a choral Codex,3 which is said to have been more than two hundred years
old, at that time. 4 The Petits Bollandistes 5 have a notice of St. Amand, the
priest and solitary, at this date. According to the old Latin Acts, St. Amandus
was a native of 6 while his were thus named his father Scotia, parents : being
GermanusandhismotherAmanda. HehadanotherbrothernamedLucius, and a sister called Proba. These children were of respectable parentage. Amand was a boy of remarkably good dispositions, and he was addicted to
the learning, provided for him by his religious parents. In his studies, great progresswassoonmade. GuidedbytheHolySpirit,hischiefobjectwasto become perfect in all virtues ; he was fond of assisting the necessitous, and of clothing the naked, while he made frequent visits to churches, where he dwelt long at prayers. Having a vocation thus acquired for the ecclesiastical
32AmongtliesewerePopeNicholasV. ,who Saints,"tomevii. , xvic JourdeJuin,p. 65. issued a decree of the fourth of the August 37 See the Bollandists' "Acta SattCtb- Nones, and in the fourth year of his PontiH- 111m," tomus iii. , Junii xvi. De SS. P. er- cate ; as also Pope Paul II. , on the sixth of
the March Pies, a. t>. 1466, and in the third
year ofhis Pontificate.
"See the Bollandists' "Acta Sancto-
rum," tomus iii. Junii xvi. De SS. Ber- Odin.
thaldo et Amando Eremitis et Presbyteris in 2 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. , Remensi (jalli. e Dioecesi, sect, ii. , pp. 100 Junii xvi. De SS. Berthaldo et Amando to 102.
34 These occurred in 1631, and are related
more in dead in that Life written F. by J.
Lietau.
35 Those miracles narrated were attested
before the magistrates at Scrincurt.
36 See " Les Petits Bollandistes Vies des
Eremitis et Presbyteris in Kemensi Gallue Dioecesi, sect, iv. , rip, 106 to 108.
thaldoet Amando Eremitis el Pres' yteris in Remensi Gallia Dioecesi, sect, iii. , pp. 102
to 106. — Article hi. '
Father Ca-imir
By
3 Besides the of St. it Legend Amanda*,
contained Antiphons, Responses and some good rythmical modulations.
4 InA. D. 1701, when the current volume had been issued.
June 16. ]
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 681
state,hewaspromotedtopriest'sorders; andthenceforth,hebegantocele- brate Mass daily, while in word and work he was most fervent in discharging all duties. After some time, he resolved on visiting Rome, together with his parents, brother and sister, and an attendance, consisting in all of eighteen persons of both sexes. Having crossed the sea, a wearisome and dangerous journey was before them. However, they surmounted all difficulties, and reached Rome. There they delayed for some time, visiting the shrines ot the Apostles and Martyrs. Afterwards, St. Amand resolved to return bare- footed to his native country. Having travelled through Italy and Upper Gaul, the pilgrim party sought the province of Rheims, at that time presided overbytheArchbishopSt. Remigius. ? Theseholypersonscametoaplace, known as the Beautiful Mount,8 now Beaumont, and a pleasant grove was spread around it. There, wearied with fatigue, the pilgrims lay down on the earth, and having no provisions with them, they fed on roots and herbs. As it was summer time, they experienced also a great thirst, so that they felt ready almost to expire through exhaustion. In this extremity, pained to behold the sufferings of his companions, and especially of his aged and feeble mother, St. Amand fell upon his knees, and besought the Creator of all things tosavethem. Then,fixinghisstaffintheground,acopiousfountainsprung up on the spot, so that his aged mother and his other companions were enabled to assuage their thirst from its water. The holy man considered this to be an indication from Heaven, that there he should chose to reside for the remainder of his life, far from the haunts of men, and surrounded on every sidebyadensewood. HesoughtthepresenceofClodovceus,Kingofthe Franks, who had been lately baptized by St. Remigius, and he asked for that portion of the royal domains to erect there a church. This permission
10 which was dedicated to St. Peter, Prince of the Apostles. Thither the people soon flocked to see and hear him, to praise the Saviour of men, and to drink from the fountain, so miraculously produced through his prayers. The sick, who came to drink or wash themselves in it, often returned home restored to has been offered,12 that it is not while Ber-
conjecture
in his time many miracles had been wrought there, the blind receiving the gift of sight, the lame that of walking, the sorrowful, that
of consolation, the possessed freedom from diabolic influences, as was then known to
many.
I"
By Father Daniel Papebroke.
' 3 Guilelmus Marlot considers 1 hat the pre- sent Amandus may have been confounded with a certain Altimundus or Antimundus, alluded to by Matthseus de Pres, in his Chronicle of the Moiini, and who lived very poor and humble in a hut, not far from Rheims. Hehadsomelearning,however, and he became a priest. But, this cannot be allowed ; for the latter was destined to carry on missionary work among the Monni, and according to Malbranq he was conse- crated bishop of Teruanen. See De
Morinis," lib. ii. , cap.
39, 43, 44-
was the granted by
king,
and Amand returned to erect a
basilica,
health. 11 A
unlikely,
Amand'3 made one to
thaldus made a — to separate pilgrimage
Jerusalem, Romeincompanywithhim whetherbeforeorafteris notclear
—and that they both lived as intimate friends and companions, in this part of France. This latter man died the lifetime of 1 * by whom he was
holy during
Remigius,
s See "Vies des Saints," tome vii. ,
xvie Jour de Juin, p. 65.
6 They state " Amandus Domini nostri
Jesu Chiisti Asceta, Natione Scot gena," &c.
7 Venerated at the 1st of O tober. He
died, A. D. 533.
8 In Latin it is denominated Pulcher-
Mons.
? The date for the baptism of Clovis by
St. Remi has been assigned to a. d. 496, by
in his '• Histoire Ecclesias- tique," tome vii. , liv. xxx. , sect, xlvi. , pp.
88, 89.
w This appears to have been the earliest
form of Christian churches erected. Many
pilgrims to Rome seem to have brought that
fashion of building into their respective countries, when they returned home.
" The author of the old legend states, that
L'Abbe
Fleury,
682 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [June 16.
buried at Beaumont, where he had lived. Soon after his death, the fame of those miracles wrought at his tomb was spread abroad, and great numbers flocked thither to partake of such preternatural favours. In course of time, the Archbishop of Rheims, finding that the church was too small for the accommodation of such a pressure of visitants, resolved on building there another of larger dimensions. The people seem to have contributed their aid, by bringing well chiselled and squared stones for the building, while these were loaded on waggons or carts drawn by oxen. 's Some of these were drawnfromacrosstheRiverAisne. 16 Tothatchurch,greatnumbersresorted in after time, to pray before the bodies of the saints resting there, and in the old Legend of St. Amand's Life, a remarkable miracle is recorded of a woman receiving punishment for what was deemed to be a desecration. *? Various possessions and immunities were obtained for that church, which was held in specialreverencebythepeople. Thewholeoftheforegoingstatement,asfur- nished by theLegend, cannot be deemed very satisfactory, while tradition issilent
regarding St. Amand's particular connexion with St. Berthald, as furnished in the preceding Article. The ecclesiastical foundation known as Beaumont afterwards seems to have been annexed to Chaumont-Porcien, whither a por- tion of St. Amand's relics was 18 while another of his sacred
but most unexpectedly
hujus Rem. nsisFcclesia; Ho»pitaleconstituit ad Eusceptionem peregrinorumvelpauperum, congruis ad id rebus deputatis, cum con- sensu Coepiscoporum Remensis Dio—eceseos, atque subscriptionibus eorumuem. '' "Ilis-
released. Full of compunction for her fault, she entered the church once mote, - and prayed again at the shrines of the saints there interred. She then resolved on making a
conveyed, part x
remains had been conveyed to the Hospital s of St. Mary, at Rheims, and which was built near to the grand cathedral. 20 There they have been
preserved in a silver shrine, by nuns professing the Regular Rule of St. Augustine.
Article IV. —St. Aitheachan, or Athcain, of Inbher Colpthai, Colpe, County of Meath. [Probably in the Sixth Century. '] A
' 4 Hence, as we know the date for this
holy prelate's death, St. Aniand must have departed this life early in the sixth cen-
tury.
** A large stone, which had been drawn in
the cart of a poor widow and her son, so weighted their vehicle, that its axle broke in the ford of the river. However, the stone Was drawn- by two doves to the shore, according to the legend, and it was after- ward set up in the church, where it was held in veneration by the people.
16 This takes its rise near Beaulieu, in the Department of the Meuse, and it runs in a N. W. direction through a small portion of the Department of the Marne into that of the Ardennes. It falls into the River Oise, a little above Compeigne. See "Gazetteer of the World," vol. i. , pp. 105, 106.
'? The legend relates, that having offered
her devotions in the church, and seeing a
peai-tree loaded with pears near the monas-
tery, a certain woman desired to take wiih
bei much of its fruit ;
her hand was fastened to the branch, nor
could she remove it, until invoking the
assistance of St. Amand, at length she was Remensis Historia, a Flodoardo primum
perpetual offering of a fertile farm she had
to the church. This she did according to
the old custom of transfer ; "tradidit manu
propria et ramo et gleba. " This custom
uUefy prevailed in Ire and —where we
believe it yet holds —to take a sod of earth
with a twig fixed in it, and hand it from the
former proprietorto thenew possessor of lar. d.
18
According to F. J. Lietau's French Life of St. berthald, it has been assumed that St. Amand's relics were here, before they had been removed to Rheims. Father I'ape- broke is of opinion, however, that they had been brought direct to Rheims from Beau- mont.
19 This was founded and nobly endowed by Archbishop Hincmar, who flourished in the middle of the ninth century, according to Fl doardus, who adds : "Canonicis quoque
Metropolis
auetius digesta, demum aliunde accersitis plurimum aucta et tllustrata, et ad nos rum hoc s. rculum fideliler de. iucta," lib. iii. , cap. xxix.
toria Remensis," lib. iii. , cap. \. 30 "
See Guilelmus Marlots
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. festivalinhonourofAitheachan,Colphtho,is setdownintheMartyrology
June 16. ]
683
of 1 at the 16th of The Tallagh, June.
with which this saint was
con- Lower Duleek, and county of Meath. It lies at the mouth of the River Boyne. Eithne, daughter of Concraidh, was his mother, it is further stated. Little seems to be known regarding the history of this saint, who flourished probably
in the sixth century. In the Martyrology of Donegal, 3 at this same date, his name appears as Athcain of Inbher Colpthai.
Article V. —St. Colman, Son of Roi, Abbot of Reachrainn, now Lambay Island, County of Dublin. {Probably in the Sixth Century. ~\ The name Colman mac Ro, Abbot of Rechraind, appears in the Martyrology
nected,
is further known as
Invercolp,
or
Colpe,
2 in the
barony
of
place,
1 at the 16th of The Rachraind here mentioned seems to be June.
Tallagh,
distinguishedfromRechreaorRechru,2 whichisthemodernRathlinonthe
maps, and it is called Raghery by the natives. This is a large Island, lying northofBallycastle,inthecountyofAntrim. Thepresentholymanisalso entered in the Mariyrologies of Marianus O'Gorman and of Maguire, at this same date, as Colman, son of Roi, of Reachrainn. Eithne, daughter of Concraidh, was his mother, and the mother of many other saints. It would seem, therefore, that the present saint must have been a brother to the one lastmentioned. Itmaybedoubtful,whetherthepresentReachrainnwasin the east of Bregia, now Lambay, off the coast of Dublin, or whether it is Rathlin orRahhareeIslandsoffthenortherncoastofAntrim. * Theformerappears most probable. It is supposed, that St. Columba was the first to build a church on Lambay Island, and that he dwelt there for a time. He then
The present saint is considered to have been that deacon, called Colman, placed by St. Columkille 5 over the church of Rachraind,6 in Eastern Breagh. 7 At present, it is known as the Island of Lambay. In former times, so early as the days of Pliny and ofPtolemy,it issaidtohavebornethenameofLimnusorLimni. 8 ThisIsland is in the parish of Portraine, and barony of Nethercross, lying off the east coast, in the county of Dublin. ^ It contains 595a. and $r. of area, statute measure. Its substratum contains conglomerated rocks of different kinds, but chiefly argillaceous schist, including fragments of other rock and sand-
stone. In some places, the schist is greatly contorted, while limestone and
selected a disciple to take charge of it.
l
Article iv. — Edited by Rev. Dr.
pp. 225, 235 to 239.
4 See Dr. O'Donovan's
"
xxvii.
2 This was the site of an ancient church,
Annals of the Four Masters," vol. i. , n. (z), p. 366.
Kelly, p.
s See his Life, at the 9th of June, in the brother of Milesius was buriea. See previous pages of this volume, Art. i. ,
said to have been built over the spot, where
illustrations of that locality, in William R. Wilde's "Beauties of the Boyne, and its Tributary, the Blackwater," chap, x. , p. 263.
Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
chap. iv.
6 See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's " Life
of St. Columba," lib. ii. , cap. 41, and n. (b),
3
7 See
Colgan's
Thaumaturga. "
170 171.
Article v. — 1 Edited by Rev. Dr. i. , cap. lxv. , p. 403, and n. 66, p. 45. Also
Kelly, p. xxvii.
2 Thus denominated, in Adamnan's " Life
Quarta Appendix ad Acta S. Columba:, cap. x. , p. 489, ibid.
and n. (c), p. 29. - Rev. Dr. Reeves' edition.
See John D'Alton's "History of the
of St. Columba," lib. i. , cap. 5,
3 For an interesting account and engraved view of this Island the reader is referred to
9 It is shown, on the
"
Ordnance Survey
J.
B. " Tours in Ulster," chap, xii. , Doyle's
Townland Maps for the County of Dublin," sheet 9.
PP- 164, 165.
"
Trias
O'Donnell's or Quinta Vita S. Columba;, lib.
8
County of Dublin," p. 435.
684 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [June 16.
porphyry are abundant, alternating with and passing into greywacke. 10 Por- tions of the soil are very ferdle and capable of tillage, but the greater part is pasturage, on which herds and flocks graze. The botany of this Island is extremely interesting, and over it are small flowering wild plants in the sum- mer season. Its rocks are greatly frequented by sea-fowl, while its coasts
^SnnmJs'^
Lambay Island, County of Dublin.
abound in fish, especially crabs, oysters and lobsters. If the conjecture be correct, that the present St. Colman was identical with St. Columba's disciple, he must have lived here about the middle of the sixth century. How long
he survived does not to be known. The of
at the 16th of June, has an entry of the present St. Colman, son of Roi, and also of Reachrainn.
Article VI. —St. Lugh, supposed to have been a Monk of Ioxa.
fountains—called by their respective names—are consecrated in popular tra- dition ; while feverish and other patients were accustomed to resort to them, and to drink from their waters, in the hope of being restored to health. 18 In that place of retreat did St. Berthold prolong life, for about fifty-three years. He was an example to all, owing to his spirit of lowliness, abstinence, patience, poverty, obedience and conformity to the Divine will. At length, finding the time of his mortal pilgrimage about to close, he called Amand to him, and after he had declared where he wished to be interred, and when he had given other parting counsel, he cried out in a loud voice: "Into thy hands, Christ Jesus, I commend my spirit. " Soon after this, his soul was released from earthly chains. The date of this holy man's death has been assigned to the 16th of June, about the year 540, and in the seventy-third
named Oliva l6 and
embraced a life of strict seclusion in a wood not far removed. There, two
others,
two
holy virgins,
Libertas,
1 ? directed
by him,
ofhis 1? To this
age. day,
22 and
simon,23 while by Greven, in his Additions to Usuard,2* it is set down at the
14th of June. After Berthold's holy death, many pilgrims flocked to the place ofhisdeposition,andthesewerehealedfromvariousinfirmities. Dailywere such miracles repeated, and great wonders were wrought through his inter- cession. Some religious disciples are thought to have succeeded St. Ber-
a guardian. Rcmensis Ilistoria, a Flodoardo primum 14 This holy Archbishop's festival is at auetius digests, demum alinn ie accersilis the 1st of October. See his Life, at that plurinuim aucta et illustr. Tta, et ad nostrum
"
date, in Rev. Alban Butler's Lives of the hoc sacuium fideliter deducta," lib. ii. ,
Fathers,MartyrsandotherprincipalSaints," cap. xvi.
vol. x. October I. ' 9 According to Guilclmus Marlot, " Me-
'5 It is said he flourished, from A. D. 459 tropolis Remensis Historia," &c, lib. ii. ,
year
his festival has been
assigned by
the old
Gallic Breviaries,20 Marlot,21 by
by Saussay,
by
Father Fitz- Henry
to
16 We do not find her name, in any of the
Calendars.
'' If she had a feast, it does not now seem
xvi.
533.
cap.
As already shown.
"• In his "Metropolis R mensis His- toria. "
to be known.
18 See Guilelmus Marlot's "
ai In his " st| In his "
Gallicanum. *' Catal'ogus aliquorum Sancto-
Metropolis
Martyrologium
June 16. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
679
thald, in that place; but, it is questionable, as to whether they embraced the Columban Rule or otherwise, since many nouses of that order had been for- merly within the Archdiocese of Rheims. At length, it was resolved to establish a religious house in the place, where so many special favours had been received. Raynald, Count of Chateauportien, about the year 1045, founded there a church dedicated to St. Berthald, and to it was attached a collegeofsecularCanons. Fortheirmaintenance,heassignedalargetract of adjacent woodland, with various villages and the tithes of the tovvn. 2 s At a subsequent period, Roger, son of the preceding Raynald, added as an endowment the village of Remald-Curtis, with its appurtenances and tithes, together with jurisdiction over the inhabitants. 26 Under the invocation of Saints Bertaud and Amand was dedicated the ancient Chaumont-la-Piscine Abbey of the Premonstratensian Order, said to have been founded in the year 1140,byReginalddeRoset. Anotheraccountattributesafoundationhere to Henricus de Castello, Comes Portiensis, Calvimontis and Grandisprati, in 1 142, in favour of two hermits, named Rodulf and Guarnerius. However, it seems to be tolerably well demonstrated, that the Premonstratensians were
not introduced to Chaumont-Porcien until a. d. i 147. Afterwards, their house obtained great accessions, through the benevolence of Roger, Count of
Roset, in a. d. 12 19. In the year 1 248,^ the relics of St. Berthald, with those of other saints, viz. : Viventius 28 and Amandus, with the virgins Oliva and Libertas, were translated, and placed within new cases. 29 Father Daniel Papebroke remarks, that he could not well ascertain what relics of Amandus andofViventiushadbeenretainedatChaumont. 3° Wehaveanattestation of various miracles, that had been wrought in the church of St. Berthald, in favour of persons of all ages and of both sexes, who laboured under different infirmities, and especially of those affected with madness and mental imbeci- lity. This was drawn up by the Vicars-General of the diocese of Rheims, in that city, on the 19th of March, 1430. Until the sixteentli century, when
1
the Huguenots had raised disturbances in France^ the Abbey continued to
enjoy its privileges and possessions; but, in the year 1589, it was captured and pillaged by the Huguenots, who were soon afterwards expelled, and the placewasoccupiedbytheroyalsoldiers. Thereligioushadremovedmean- time to some distance from their former house, and they officiated in a chapel belonging to the monastery of St. Hubert. In 1623, the site of their Abbey was transferred to a pleasant valley, not far distant ; and, about the year 1634, their church was dedicated by Henry, Bishop of Tarsis. Various indul-
rum Hibernue. "
24 His work appeared, A. D. 15 15 and A. D.
jcai.
2s This statement rests on a Record of the
Lord Archbishop of Rheims, Rodulph, and dated a. d. HI I.
26 The Instrument containing this attested grant is dated 10S7, and in the twenty- eighth year of Philip, King of the Franks.
27 According to an ancient document, for- merly preserved in the Archives of the Premonstratensian Abbey, this translation took place on the Kalends of June, during that year, and it purports to be an instru- ment under the hand of Guido, Bishop of Soissons, who inspected the names of those holy persons, as set forth in schedules, and
Rheims, and his feast is assigned to the 7th
of September.
29 It is related, in F. J. Lietau's Life of St.
Berthald, and in the Twentieth Chapter, that this Translation took place in a secret
manner, on the Vigil of St. John the Baptist, and on the Octave of St. Berthald's feast,
The
3° See " Acta Sanctorum, tomus 111. , Junii xvi. De SS. Berthaldo et Amando Eremitis et Presbytens m Remensi Gallia;
Dioeccsi, sect, i. , pp. 98 to 100.
3 ' See an account of their proceedings in
Bossuefs " Abrege de
28 He was the ninth Archbishop of Completes, tome xi. Migne s edition.
on the statement of men deserving credit.
lest the people might prevent it. Archbishop gave permission, while Father Nicolas Bugnet and the Religious were en- gaged in the Translation.
Histoirede France, liv. xvii. , col. 325 to col. ; 478. CLuvres
1
68o LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [June 16.
gences were obtained from the Sovereign Pontiffs 32 and Cardinals, on behalf of those who visited the shrine of our saint, and who complied with certain
prescribed pious conditions. 33 Even, at a comparatively late period, two remarkable miracles have been attributed to his intercession ;34 one of these
was wrought in favour of a pious woman, Anna de Bonnaire, widow of Guil- laume, belonging to a village called Harpy, who visited the church and sacred shrine of St. Berthald, where she performed a round of devotions and was freed from a chronic headache ; another miracle was experienced by Charles de Sein, from a village called Scrincurt, who was released from a phrenesis and an aberration of mind, while assisting there during the Holy Sacrifice of Mass. 35 Nodoubt,theresidenceofSt. Berthald,andthesubsequentfounda- tion of the Premonstratensian Abbey, formed the origin 36 of the actual town of Chaumont-Porcien, at present the chief seat of a Canton, in the depart- mentofArdennes. ALitanycompiledinhonourofSt. Berthaldwaswont to be recited, and it admirably sets forth his various virtues and merits. 37 It also concludes with a Prayer to the Almighty, that his devout clients might be able to follow sincerely the bright examples of their venerable patron, who was so distinguished for his humility, love of privation, and spirit of penance, and that they might be aided through his powerful intercession.
Article III. —St. Amandus or Amand, Hermit, of Beaumont,
Champagne, France. [Sixth Century. '] From the preceding Article, we have been told, that this holy servant of God was a companion in exile of St. Berthold. An ancient Manuscript Life of St. Amandus had been extracted
1 when his Acts. This was from compiling
for ' and used the by
Bollandists,
a choral Codex,3 which is said to have been more than two hundred years
old, at that time. 4 The Petits Bollandistes 5 have a notice of St. Amand, the
priest and solitary, at this date. According to the old Latin Acts, St. Amandus
was a native of 6 while his were thus named his father Scotia, parents : being
GermanusandhismotherAmanda. HehadanotherbrothernamedLucius, and a sister called Proba. These children were of respectable parentage. Amand was a boy of remarkably good dispositions, and he was addicted to
the learning, provided for him by his religious parents. In his studies, great progresswassoonmade. GuidedbytheHolySpirit,hischiefobjectwasto become perfect in all virtues ; he was fond of assisting the necessitous, and of clothing the naked, while he made frequent visits to churches, where he dwelt long at prayers. Having a vocation thus acquired for the ecclesiastical
32AmongtliesewerePopeNicholasV. ,who Saints,"tomevii. , xvic JourdeJuin,p. 65. issued a decree of the fourth of the August 37 See the Bollandists' "Acta SattCtb- Nones, and in the fourth year of his PontiH- 111m," tomus iii. , Junii xvi. De SS. P. er- cate ; as also Pope Paul II. , on the sixth of
the March Pies, a. t>. 1466, and in the third
year ofhis Pontificate.
"See the Bollandists' "Acta Sancto-
rum," tomus iii. Junii xvi. De SS. Ber- Odin.
thaldo et Amando Eremitis et Presbyteris in 2 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. , Remensi (jalli. e Dioecesi, sect, ii. , pp. 100 Junii xvi. De SS. Berthaldo et Amando to 102.
34 These occurred in 1631, and are related
more in dead in that Life written F. by J.
Lietau.
35 Those miracles narrated were attested
before the magistrates at Scrincurt.
36 See " Les Petits Bollandistes Vies des
Eremitis et Presbyteris in Kemensi Gallue Dioecesi, sect, iv. , rip, 106 to 108.
thaldoet Amando Eremitis el Pres' yteris in Remensi Gallia Dioecesi, sect, iii. , pp. 102
to 106. — Article hi. '
Father Ca-imir
By
3 Besides the of St. it Legend Amanda*,
contained Antiphons, Responses and some good rythmical modulations.
4 InA. D. 1701, when the current volume had been issued.
June 16. ]
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 681
state,hewaspromotedtopriest'sorders; andthenceforth,hebegantocele- brate Mass daily, while in word and work he was most fervent in discharging all duties. After some time, he resolved on visiting Rome, together with his parents, brother and sister, and an attendance, consisting in all of eighteen persons of both sexes. Having crossed the sea, a wearisome and dangerous journey was before them. However, they surmounted all difficulties, and reached Rome. There they delayed for some time, visiting the shrines ot the Apostles and Martyrs. Afterwards, St. Amand resolved to return bare- footed to his native country. Having travelled through Italy and Upper Gaul, the pilgrim party sought the province of Rheims, at that time presided overbytheArchbishopSt. Remigius. ? Theseholypersonscametoaplace, known as the Beautiful Mount,8 now Beaumont, and a pleasant grove was spread around it. There, wearied with fatigue, the pilgrims lay down on the earth, and having no provisions with them, they fed on roots and herbs. As it was summer time, they experienced also a great thirst, so that they felt ready almost to expire through exhaustion. In this extremity, pained to behold the sufferings of his companions, and especially of his aged and feeble mother, St. Amand fell upon his knees, and besought the Creator of all things tosavethem. Then,fixinghisstaffintheground,acopiousfountainsprung up on the spot, so that his aged mother and his other companions were enabled to assuage their thirst from its water. The holy man considered this to be an indication from Heaven, that there he should chose to reside for the remainder of his life, far from the haunts of men, and surrounded on every sidebyadensewood. HesoughtthepresenceofClodovceus,Kingofthe Franks, who had been lately baptized by St. Remigius, and he asked for that portion of the royal domains to erect there a church. This permission
10 which was dedicated to St. Peter, Prince of the Apostles. Thither the people soon flocked to see and hear him, to praise the Saviour of men, and to drink from the fountain, so miraculously produced through his prayers. The sick, who came to drink or wash themselves in it, often returned home restored to has been offered,12 that it is not while Ber-
conjecture
in his time many miracles had been wrought there, the blind receiving the gift of sight, the lame that of walking, the sorrowful, that
of consolation, the possessed freedom from diabolic influences, as was then known to
many.
I"
By Father Daniel Papebroke.
' 3 Guilelmus Marlot considers 1 hat the pre- sent Amandus may have been confounded with a certain Altimundus or Antimundus, alluded to by Matthseus de Pres, in his Chronicle of the Moiini, and who lived very poor and humble in a hut, not far from Rheims. Hehadsomelearning,however, and he became a priest. But, this cannot be allowed ; for the latter was destined to carry on missionary work among the Monni, and according to Malbranq he was conse- crated bishop of Teruanen. See De
Morinis," lib. ii. , cap.
39, 43, 44-
was the granted by
king,
and Amand returned to erect a
basilica,
health. 11 A
unlikely,
Amand'3 made one to
thaldus made a — to separate pilgrimage
Jerusalem, Romeincompanywithhim whetherbeforeorafteris notclear
—and that they both lived as intimate friends and companions, in this part of France. This latter man died the lifetime of 1 * by whom he was
holy during
Remigius,
s See "Vies des Saints," tome vii. ,
xvie Jour de Juin, p. 65.
6 They state " Amandus Domini nostri
Jesu Chiisti Asceta, Natione Scot gena," &c.
7 Venerated at the 1st of O tober. He
died, A. D. 533.
8 In Latin it is denominated Pulcher-
Mons.
? The date for the baptism of Clovis by
St. Remi has been assigned to a. d. 496, by
in his '• Histoire Ecclesias- tique," tome vii. , liv. xxx. , sect, xlvi. , pp.
88, 89.
w This appears to have been the earliest
form of Christian churches erected. Many
pilgrims to Rome seem to have brought that
fashion of building into their respective countries, when they returned home.
" The author of the old legend states, that
L'Abbe
Fleury,
682 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [June 16.
buried at Beaumont, where he had lived. Soon after his death, the fame of those miracles wrought at his tomb was spread abroad, and great numbers flocked thither to partake of such preternatural favours. In course of time, the Archbishop of Rheims, finding that the church was too small for the accommodation of such a pressure of visitants, resolved on building there another of larger dimensions. The people seem to have contributed their aid, by bringing well chiselled and squared stones for the building, while these were loaded on waggons or carts drawn by oxen. 's Some of these were drawnfromacrosstheRiverAisne. 16 Tothatchurch,greatnumbersresorted in after time, to pray before the bodies of the saints resting there, and in the old Legend of St. Amand's Life, a remarkable miracle is recorded of a woman receiving punishment for what was deemed to be a desecration. *? Various possessions and immunities were obtained for that church, which was held in specialreverencebythepeople. Thewholeoftheforegoingstatement,asfur- nished by theLegend, cannot be deemed very satisfactory, while tradition issilent
regarding St. Amand's particular connexion with St. Berthald, as furnished in the preceding Article. The ecclesiastical foundation known as Beaumont afterwards seems to have been annexed to Chaumont-Porcien, whither a por- tion of St. Amand's relics was 18 while another of his sacred
but most unexpectedly
hujus Rem. nsisFcclesia; Ho»pitaleconstituit ad Eusceptionem peregrinorumvelpauperum, congruis ad id rebus deputatis, cum con- sensu Coepiscoporum Remensis Dio—eceseos, atque subscriptionibus eorumuem. '' "Ilis-
released. Full of compunction for her fault, she entered the church once mote, - and prayed again at the shrines of the saints there interred. She then resolved on making a
conveyed, part x
remains had been conveyed to the Hospital s of St. Mary, at Rheims, and which was built near to the grand cathedral. 20 There they have been
preserved in a silver shrine, by nuns professing the Regular Rule of St. Augustine.
Article IV. —St. Aitheachan, or Athcain, of Inbher Colpthai, Colpe, County of Meath. [Probably in the Sixth Century. '] A
' 4 Hence, as we know the date for this
holy prelate's death, St. Aniand must have departed this life early in the sixth cen-
tury.
** A large stone, which had been drawn in
the cart of a poor widow and her son, so weighted their vehicle, that its axle broke in the ford of the river. However, the stone Was drawn- by two doves to the shore, according to the legend, and it was after- ward set up in the church, where it was held in veneration by the people.
16 This takes its rise near Beaulieu, in the Department of the Meuse, and it runs in a N. W. direction through a small portion of the Department of the Marne into that of the Ardennes. It falls into the River Oise, a little above Compeigne. See "Gazetteer of the World," vol. i. , pp. 105, 106.
'? The legend relates, that having offered
her devotions in the church, and seeing a
peai-tree loaded with pears near the monas-
tery, a certain woman desired to take wiih
bei much of its fruit ;
her hand was fastened to the branch, nor
could she remove it, until invoking the
assistance of St. Amand, at length she was Remensis Historia, a Flodoardo primum
perpetual offering of a fertile farm she had
to the church. This she did according to
the old custom of transfer ; "tradidit manu
propria et ramo et gleba. " This custom
uUefy prevailed in Ire and —where we
believe it yet holds —to take a sod of earth
with a twig fixed in it, and hand it from the
former proprietorto thenew possessor of lar. d.
18
According to F. J. Lietau's French Life of St. berthald, it has been assumed that St. Amand's relics were here, before they had been removed to Rheims. Father I'ape- broke is of opinion, however, that they had been brought direct to Rheims from Beau- mont.
19 This was founded and nobly endowed by Archbishop Hincmar, who flourished in the middle of the ninth century, according to Fl doardus, who adds : "Canonicis quoque
Metropolis
auetius digesta, demum aliunde accersitis plurimum aucta et tllustrata, et ad nos rum hoc s. rculum fideliler de. iucta," lib. iii. , cap. xxix.
toria Remensis," lib. iii. , cap. \. 30 "
See Guilelmus Marlots
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. festivalinhonourofAitheachan,Colphtho,is setdownintheMartyrology
June 16. ]
683
of 1 at the 16th of The Tallagh, June.
with which this saint was
con- Lower Duleek, and county of Meath. It lies at the mouth of the River Boyne. Eithne, daughter of Concraidh, was his mother, it is further stated. Little seems to be known regarding the history of this saint, who flourished probably
in the sixth century. In the Martyrology of Donegal, 3 at this same date, his name appears as Athcain of Inbher Colpthai.
Article V. —St. Colman, Son of Roi, Abbot of Reachrainn, now Lambay Island, County of Dublin. {Probably in the Sixth Century. ~\ The name Colman mac Ro, Abbot of Rechraind, appears in the Martyrology
nected,
is further known as
Invercolp,
or
Colpe,
2 in the
barony
of
place,
1 at the 16th of The Rachraind here mentioned seems to be June.
Tallagh,
distinguishedfromRechreaorRechru,2 whichisthemodernRathlinonthe
maps, and it is called Raghery by the natives. This is a large Island, lying northofBallycastle,inthecountyofAntrim. Thepresentholymanisalso entered in the Mariyrologies of Marianus O'Gorman and of Maguire, at this same date, as Colman, son of Roi, of Reachrainn. Eithne, daughter of Concraidh, was his mother, and the mother of many other saints. It would seem, therefore, that the present saint must have been a brother to the one lastmentioned. Itmaybedoubtful,whetherthepresentReachrainnwasin the east of Bregia, now Lambay, off the coast of Dublin, or whether it is Rathlin orRahhareeIslandsoffthenortherncoastofAntrim. * Theformerappears most probable. It is supposed, that St. Columba was the first to build a church on Lambay Island, and that he dwelt there for a time. He then
The present saint is considered to have been that deacon, called Colman, placed by St. Columkille 5 over the church of Rachraind,6 in Eastern Breagh. 7 At present, it is known as the Island of Lambay. In former times, so early as the days of Pliny and ofPtolemy,it issaidtohavebornethenameofLimnusorLimni. 8 ThisIsland is in the parish of Portraine, and barony of Nethercross, lying off the east coast, in the county of Dublin. ^ It contains 595a. and $r. of area, statute measure. Its substratum contains conglomerated rocks of different kinds, but chiefly argillaceous schist, including fragments of other rock and sand-
stone. In some places, the schist is greatly contorted, while limestone and
selected a disciple to take charge of it.
l
Article iv. — Edited by Rev. Dr.
pp. 225, 235 to 239.
4 See Dr. O'Donovan's
"
xxvii.
2 This was the site of an ancient church,
Annals of the Four Masters," vol. i. , n. (z), p. 366.
Kelly, p.
s See his Life, at the 9th of June, in the brother of Milesius was buriea. See previous pages of this volume, Art. i. ,
said to have been built over the spot, where
illustrations of that locality, in William R. Wilde's "Beauties of the Boyne, and its Tributary, the Blackwater," chap, x. , p. 263.
Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
chap. iv.
6 See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's " Life
of St. Columba," lib. ii. , cap. 41, and n. (b),
3
7 See
Colgan's
Thaumaturga. "
170 171.
Article v. — 1 Edited by Rev. Dr. i. , cap. lxv. , p. 403, and n. 66, p. 45. Also
Kelly, p. xxvii.
2 Thus denominated, in Adamnan's " Life
Quarta Appendix ad Acta S. Columba:, cap. x. , p. 489, ibid.
and n. (c), p. 29. - Rev. Dr. Reeves' edition.
See John D'Alton's "History of the
of St. Columba," lib. i. , cap. 5,
3 For an interesting account and engraved view of this Island the reader is referred to
9 It is shown, on the
"
Ordnance Survey
J.
B. " Tours in Ulster," chap, xii. , Doyle's
Townland Maps for the County of Dublin," sheet 9.
PP- 164, 165.
"
Trias
O'Donnell's or Quinta Vita S. Columba;, lib.
8
County of Dublin," p. 435.
684 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [June 16.
porphyry are abundant, alternating with and passing into greywacke. 10 Por- tions of the soil are very ferdle and capable of tillage, but the greater part is pasturage, on which herds and flocks graze. The botany of this Island is extremely interesting, and over it are small flowering wild plants in the sum- mer season. Its rocks are greatly frequented by sea-fowl, while its coasts
^SnnmJs'^
Lambay Island, County of Dublin.
abound in fish, especially crabs, oysters and lobsters. If the conjecture be correct, that the present St. Colman was identical with St. Columba's disciple, he must have lived here about the middle of the sixth century. How long
he survived does not to be known. The of
at the 16th of June, has an entry of the present St. Colman, son of Roi, and also of Reachrainn.
Article VI. —St. Lugh, supposed to have been a Monk of Ioxa.
