1891
_All rights reserved_
PREFACE
The main purpose which I have had in view in writing this book has been
to present an account of Greek philosophy which, within strict limits
of brevity, shall be at once authentic and interesting--_authentic_, as
being based on the original works themselves, and not on any secondary
sources; _interesting_, as presenting to the ordinary English reader,
in language freed as far as possible from technicality and
abstruseness, the great thoughts of the greatest men of antiquity on
questions of permanent significance and value.
_All rights reserved_
PREFACE
The main purpose which I have had in view in writing this book has been
to present an account of Greek philosophy which, within strict limits
of brevity, shall be at once authentic and interesting--_authentic_, as
being based on the original works themselves, and not on any secondary
sources; _interesting_, as presenting to the ordinary English reader,
in language freed as far as possible from technicality and
abstruseness, the great thoughts of the greatest men of antiquity on
questions of permanent significance and value.
A Short History of Greek Philosophy by J. Marshall
Project Gutenberg's A Short History of Greek Philosophy, by John Marshall
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www. gutenberg. org
Title: A Short History of Greek Philosophy
Author: John Marshall
Release Date: February 1, 2007 [EBook #20500]
Language: English
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GREEK PHILOSOPHY ***
Produced by Al Haines
A SHORT HISTORY
OF
GREEK PHILOSOPHY
BY
JOHN MARSHALL
M. A. OXON. , LL. D. EDIN.
RECTOR OF THE ROYAL HIGH SCHOOL, EDINBURGH
FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF CLASSICAL LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY
IN THE YORKSHIRE COLLEGE, LEEDS
LONDON
PERCIVAL AND CO.
1891
_All rights reserved_
PREFACE
The main purpose which I have had in view in writing this book has been
to present an account of Greek philosophy which, within strict limits
of brevity, shall be at once authentic and interesting--_authentic_, as
being based on the original works themselves, and not on any secondary
sources; _interesting_, as presenting to the ordinary English reader,
in language freed as far as possible from technicality and
abstruseness, the great thoughts of the greatest men of antiquity on
questions of permanent significance and value. There has been no
attempt to shirk the really philosophic problems which these men tried
in their day to solve; but I have endeavoured to show, by a sympathetic
treatment of them, that these problems were no mere wars of words, but
that in fact the philosophers of twenty-four centuries ago were dealing
with exactly similar difficulties as to the bases of belief and of
right action as, under different forms, beset thoughtful men and women
to-day.
In the general treatment of the subject, I have followed in the main
the order, and drawn chiefly on the selection of passages, in Ritter
and Preller's _Historia Philosophiae Graecae_. It is hoped that in
this way the little book may be found useful at the universities, as a
running commentary on that excellent work; and the better to aid
students in the use of it for that purpose, the corresponding sections
in Ritter and Preller are indicated by the figures in the margin.
In the sections on Plato, and occasionally elsewhere, I have drawn to
some extent, by the kind permission of the Delegates of the Clarendon
Press and his own, on Professor Jowett's great commentary and
translation.
JOHN MARSHALL.
Transcriber's notes:
The passage numbers in the Ritter-Preller book mentioned in the second
paragraph above are indicated in this book with square brackets, e. g.
"[10]". In the original book they were formatted as sidenotes. In
this e-book they are embedded in the text approximately where they
appear in the original book, unless they are at the start of a
paragraph, in which case they appear immediately before that paragraph.
Page numbers are indicated with curly brackets, e. g. "{5}". They are
embedded into the text where page breaks occurred in the original book.
In the original book, pages had headings that varied with the material
being discussed on that pair of pages. In this e-book, those headings
have been collected into an "introductory" paragraph at the beginning
of each chapter.
The original book uses several Greek words. These words, the chapters
they are used in, and their transliterations are as follows:
Chapter I (pages 3, 4, 12) - "arche" - alpha (with the soft-breathing
mark), rho, chi, eta; "phloios" - phi, lambda, omicron, iota, omicron,
final sigma.
Chapter III (page 28) - "soma" - sigma, omega, mu, alpha; "sema" -
sigma, eta, mu, alpha.
Chapter IV (page 33, 34 - "doxa" - delta, omicron, xi, alpha; "Peri" -
PI, epsilon, rho, iota; "Phueos" - PHI, upsilon, sigma, epsilon, omega,
final sigma.
Chapter V (page 48) - "logos" - lambda, omicron, gamma, omicron, final
sigma; "hule" - upsilon with rough breathing mark, lambda, eta.
CONTENTS
CHAP.
I. --THE SCHOOL OF MILETUS--
I. Thales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
II. Anaximander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
II. --THE SCHOOL OF MILETUS (_concluded_)--
III. Anaximenes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
IV. Heraclitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
III. --PYTHAGORAS AND THE PYTHAGOREANS . . . . . . . . . 22
IV. --THE ELEATICS--
I. Xenophanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
II. Parmenides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
V. --THE ELEATICS (_concluded_)--
III. Zeno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
IV. Melissus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
VI. --THE ATOMISTS--
I. Anaxagoras .
1891
_All rights reserved_
PREFACE
The main purpose which I have had in view in writing this book has been
to present an account of Greek philosophy which, within strict limits
of brevity, shall be at once authentic and interesting--_authentic_, as
being based on the original works themselves, and not on any secondary
sources; _interesting_, as presenting to the ordinary English reader,
in language freed as far as possible from technicality and
abstruseness, the great thoughts of the greatest men of antiquity on
questions of permanent significance and value. There has been no
attempt to shirk the really philosophic problems which these men tried
in their day to solve; but I have endeavoured to show, by a sympathetic
treatment of them, that these problems were no mere wars of words, but
that in fact the philosophers of twenty-four centuries ago were dealing
with exactly similar difficulties as to the bases of belief and of
right action as, under different forms, beset thoughtful men and women
to-day.
In the general treatment of the subject, I have followed in the main
the order, and drawn chiefly on the selection of passages, in Ritter
and Preller's _Historia Philosophiae Graecae_. It is hoped that in
this way the little book may be found useful at the universities, as a
running commentary on that excellent work; and the better to aid
students in the use of it for that purpose, the corresponding sections
in Ritter and Preller are indicated by the figures in the margin.
In the sections on Plato, and occasionally elsewhere, I have drawn to
some extent, by the kind permission of the Delegates of the Clarendon
Press and his own, on Professor Jowett's great commentary and
translation.
JOHN MARSHALL.
Transcriber's notes:
The passage numbers in the Ritter-Preller book mentioned in the second
paragraph above are indicated in this book with square brackets, e. g.
"[10]". In the original book they were formatted as sidenotes. In
this e-book they are embedded in the text approximately where they
appear in the original book, unless they are at the start of a
paragraph, in which case they appear immediately before that paragraph.
Page numbers are indicated with curly brackets, e. g. "{5}". They are
embedded into the text where page breaks occurred in the original book.
In the original book, pages had headings that varied with the material
being discussed on that pair of pages. In this e-book, those headings
have been collected into an "introductory" paragraph at the beginning
of each chapter.
The original book uses several Greek words. These words, the chapters
they are used in, and their transliterations are as follows:
Chapter I (pages 3, 4, 12) - "arche" - alpha (with the soft-breathing
mark), rho, chi, eta; "phloios" - phi, lambda, omicron, iota, omicron,
final sigma.
Chapter III (page 28) - "soma" - sigma, omega, mu, alpha; "sema" -
sigma, eta, mu, alpha.
Chapter IV (page 33, 34 - "doxa" - delta, omicron, xi, alpha; "Peri" -
PI, epsilon, rho, iota; "Phueos" - PHI, upsilon, sigma, epsilon, omega,
final sigma.
Chapter V (page 48) - "logos" - lambda, omicron, gamma, omicron, final
sigma; "hule" - upsilon with rough breathing mark, lambda, eta.
CONTENTS
CHAP.
I. --THE SCHOOL OF MILETUS--
I. Thales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
II. Anaximander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
II. --THE SCHOOL OF MILETUS (_concluded_)--
III. Anaximenes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
IV. Heraclitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
III. --PYTHAGORAS AND THE PYTHAGOREANS . . . . . . . . . 22
IV. --THE ELEATICS--
I. Xenophanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
II. Parmenides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
V. --THE ELEATICS (_concluded_)--
III. Zeno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
IV. Melissus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
VI. --THE ATOMISTS--
I. Anaxagoras . . . . . . . . . . . .
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www. gutenberg. org
Title: A Short History of Greek Philosophy
Author: John Marshall
Release Date: February 1, 2007 [EBook #20500]
Language: English
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GREEK PHILOSOPHY ***
Produced by Al Haines
A SHORT HISTORY
OF
GREEK PHILOSOPHY
BY
JOHN MARSHALL
M. A. OXON. , LL. D. EDIN.
RECTOR OF THE ROYAL HIGH SCHOOL, EDINBURGH
FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF CLASSICAL LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY
IN THE YORKSHIRE COLLEGE, LEEDS
LONDON
PERCIVAL AND CO.
1891
_All rights reserved_
PREFACE
The main purpose which I have had in view in writing this book has been
to present an account of Greek philosophy which, within strict limits
of brevity, shall be at once authentic and interesting--_authentic_, as
being based on the original works themselves, and not on any secondary
sources; _interesting_, as presenting to the ordinary English reader,
in language freed as far as possible from technicality and
abstruseness, the great thoughts of the greatest men of antiquity on
questions of permanent significance and value. There has been no
attempt to shirk the really philosophic problems which these men tried
in their day to solve; but I have endeavoured to show, by a sympathetic
treatment of them, that these problems were no mere wars of words, but
that in fact the philosophers of twenty-four centuries ago were dealing
with exactly similar difficulties as to the bases of belief and of
right action as, under different forms, beset thoughtful men and women
to-day.
In the general treatment of the subject, I have followed in the main
the order, and drawn chiefly on the selection of passages, in Ritter
and Preller's _Historia Philosophiae Graecae_. It is hoped that in
this way the little book may be found useful at the universities, as a
running commentary on that excellent work; and the better to aid
students in the use of it for that purpose, the corresponding sections
in Ritter and Preller are indicated by the figures in the margin.
In the sections on Plato, and occasionally elsewhere, I have drawn to
some extent, by the kind permission of the Delegates of the Clarendon
Press and his own, on Professor Jowett's great commentary and
translation.
JOHN MARSHALL.
Transcriber's notes:
The passage numbers in the Ritter-Preller book mentioned in the second
paragraph above are indicated in this book with square brackets, e. g.
"[10]". In the original book they were formatted as sidenotes. In
this e-book they are embedded in the text approximately where they
appear in the original book, unless they are at the start of a
paragraph, in which case they appear immediately before that paragraph.
Page numbers are indicated with curly brackets, e. g. "{5}". They are
embedded into the text where page breaks occurred in the original book.
In the original book, pages had headings that varied with the material
being discussed on that pair of pages. In this e-book, those headings
have been collected into an "introductory" paragraph at the beginning
of each chapter.
The original book uses several Greek words. These words, the chapters
they are used in, and their transliterations are as follows:
Chapter I (pages 3, 4, 12) - "arche" - alpha (with the soft-breathing
mark), rho, chi, eta; "phloios" - phi, lambda, omicron, iota, omicron,
final sigma.
Chapter III (page 28) - "soma" - sigma, omega, mu, alpha; "sema" -
sigma, eta, mu, alpha.
Chapter IV (page 33, 34 - "doxa" - delta, omicron, xi, alpha; "Peri" -
PI, epsilon, rho, iota; "Phueos" - PHI, upsilon, sigma, epsilon, omega,
final sigma.
Chapter V (page 48) - "logos" - lambda, omicron, gamma, omicron, final
sigma; "hule" - upsilon with rough breathing mark, lambda, eta.
CONTENTS
CHAP.
I. --THE SCHOOL OF MILETUS--
I. Thales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
II. Anaximander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
II. --THE SCHOOL OF MILETUS (_concluded_)--
III. Anaximenes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
IV. Heraclitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
III. --PYTHAGORAS AND THE PYTHAGOREANS . . . . . . . . . 22
IV. --THE ELEATICS--
I. Xenophanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
II. Parmenides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
V. --THE ELEATICS (_concluded_)--
III. Zeno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
IV. Melissus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
VI. --THE ATOMISTS--
I. Anaxagoras .
1891
_All rights reserved_
PREFACE
The main purpose which I have had in view in writing this book has been
to present an account of Greek philosophy which, within strict limits
of brevity, shall be at once authentic and interesting--_authentic_, as
being based on the original works themselves, and not on any secondary
sources; _interesting_, as presenting to the ordinary English reader,
in language freed as far as possible from technicality and
abstruseness, the great thoughts of the greatest men of antiquity on
questions of permanent significance and value. There has been no
attempt to shirk the really philosophic problems which these men tried
in their day to solve; but I have endeavoured to show, by a sympathetic
treatment of them, that these problems were no mere wars of words, but
that in fact the philosophers of twenty-four centuries ago were dealing
with exactly similar difficulties as to the bases of belief and of
right action as, under different forms, beset thoughtful men and women
to-day.
In the general treatment of the subject, I have followed in the main
the order, and drawn chiefly on the selection of passages, in Ritter
and Preller's _Historia Philosophiae Graecae_. It is hoped that in
this way the little book may be found useful at the universities, as a
running commentary on that excellent work; and the better to aid
students in the use of it for that purpose, the corresponding sections
in Ritter and Preller are indicated by the figures in the margin.
In the sections on Plato, and occasionally elsewhere, I have drawn to
some extent, by the kind permission of the Delegates of the Clarendon
Press and his own, on Professor Jowett's great commentary and
translation.
JOHN MARSHALL.
Transcriber's notes:
The passage numbers in the Ritter-Preller book mentioned in the second
paragraph above are indicated in this book with square brackets, e. g.
"[10]". In the original book they were formatted as sidenotes. In
this e-book they are embedded in the text approximately where they
appear in the original book, unless they are at the start of a
paragraph, in which case they appear immediately before that paragraph.
Page numbers are indicated with curly brackets, e. g. "{5}". They are
embedded into the text where page breaks occurred in the original book.
In the original book, pages had headings that varied with the material
being discussed on that pair of pages. In this e-book, those headings
have been collected into an "introductory" paragraph at the beginning
of each chapter.
The original book uses several Greek words. These words, the chapters
they are used in, and their transliterations are as follows:
Chapter I (pages 3, 4, 12) - "arche" - alpha (with the soft-breathing
mark), rho, chi, eta; "phloios" - phi, lambda, omicron, iota, omicron,
final sigma.
Chapter III (page 28) - "soma" - sigma, omega, mu, alpha; "sema" -
sigma, eta, mu, alpha.
Chapter IV (page 33, 34 - "doxa" - delta, omicron, xi, alpha; "Peri" -
PI, epsilon, rho, iota; "Phueos" - PHI, upsilon, sigma, epsilon, omega,
final sigma.
Chapter V (page 48) - "logos" - lambda, omicron, gamma, omicron, final
sigma; "hule" - upsilon with rough breathing mark, lambda, eta.
CONTENTS
CHAP.
I. --THE SCHOOL OF MILETUS--
I. Thales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
II. Anaximander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
II. --THE SCHOOL OF MILETUS (_concluded_)--
III. Anaximenes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
IV. Heraclitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
III. --PYTHAGORAS AND THE PYTHAGOREANS . . . . . . . . . 22
IV. --THE ELEATICS--
I. Xenophanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
II. Parmenides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
V. --THE ELEATICS (_concluded_)--
III. Zeno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
IV. Melissus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
VI. --THE ATOMISTS--
I. Anaxagoras . . . . . . . . . . . .
