In hac
victoria
Caesar
erat Casar, (i.
erat Casar, (i.
Latin - Casserly - Complete System of Latin Prosody
A Catachresis words too far doth strain : 5
Rather from such abuse of speech refrain.
Hyperbole soars too high or creeps too low : 6
Exceeds the truth, things wonderful to show.
By Metalepsis, in one word combined, 7
More Tropes than one you easily may find.
An Allegory tropes continues still, 8
Which with new graces every sentence fill.
/
Tropes improperly accounted so.
Antonomasia proper names imparts 9
From kindred, country, epithets, or arts.
EXAMPLES.
4. Fairly done, (i. e. scandalously done. ) Good Boy,
(i. e. Bad Boy. ) ' 5. The Man, (i. e. Chief) of the Flock.
He threatens, (i. e. promises) a favour. 6. He runs
swifter than the wind, (i. e. very swiftly. ) 7. Euphrates,
(i. e. Mesopotamia, i. e. its Inhabitants) moves War. 8.
Venus grows cold without Ceres and Bacchus, i. e. (Love
grows cold without Bread and Wine. ) 9. There goes
Irus, (i. e. a poor Man. ) Macides (i. e. Achilles) con-
quered. The Carthaginian, (i. e. Hannibal) won the
Field. Cytherea, (i. e. Venus worshipped in the Island
so called. ) The Philosopher, (i. e. Aristotle) asserted so.
The Poet , (i. e. Virgil) sings of JEneas.
TERMS ENGLISHED.
4. Dissimulation. 5. Abuse. 6. Excess. 7. Partici-
pation. 8. Speaking otherwise. 9. For a name.
12
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? 124 ARS RH"ETORICA.
Si plus quam dicis signes, Litotes vocabis. 10
A sonitu voces Onomatopoeia flngit. 11
Antiphrasis voces tibi per contraria signat. 12
Dat Ckarientismus pro duris mollia verba. 13
Asteismus jocus urbanus, seu scomma facetum est. 14
Est inimica viri Biasyrmus abusio vivi. 15
Insultans hosti illudit Sarcasmus amare. 16
Si quid proverbi fertur Parosmia dicta est. 17
EXEMPLA.
10. Non laudo tua munera nee sperno, (i. e. vitupero
ea tamen accipio). 11. Tinnitus seris ; rugitus leonum.
12. Lucus, a luceo, significat opacum nemus. 13. Ad
bona verba precor : ne sasvi, magna Sacerdos. 14. Qui
Bavium non odit, amet tua carmina Msevi : atque idem
jungat vulpes, & mulgeat hircos. 15. In strepitu can-
tas : digna sed argutos interstrepere anser olores. 16.
Satia te sanguine, Cyre. 17. Lupum auribus teneo.
DERIVATIONES.
10. a Uxbg, tenuis. 11. ab dvojuotTOTToUa, nomen facio.
12. ab dpTKpg&'Qoj, per contrarium loquor. 13. a x a Q t6V -
x^o^a/, jocor. 14. ab dgelog, urbanus. 15. a diaovgco,
convitior. 16. a rro^xd^w, irrideo. 17. a naqoifii6it,o(x(xv 9
proverbialiter loquor.
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? ART OF RHETORIC. 125
Litotes doth more sense than words include, 10
And often by two negatives hath stood.
Onomatopoeia coins words from sound, 11
By which alone the meaning may be found.
Antiphrasis makes words to disagree 12
From sense ; if rightly they derived be.
Charientismus , when it speaks, doth choose 13
The softer for the harsher words to use.
Asteismus loves to jest with strokes of wit, 14
And slily with the point of satire hit.
A Diasyrmus must ill nature show, 15
And ne'er omits t' insult a living foe.
Sarcasmus with a biting jeer doth kill, 16
And every word with strongest venom fill.
Parcemia by a Proverb tries to teach 17
A short, instructing, and a nervous speech.
EXAMPLES.
10. I neither praise your Gifts, nor despise them, (i. e.
I dispraise your Gifts, yet I accept them. ) 11. The
tinkling of brass ; the roaring of lions. 12. Lucus, from
Lux, Light, signifies a dark shady Grove. 13. Be not
so angry : Heaven send better News. 14. Who hates
not Bavius, let him love Maevius' verses ; and he that
loves either, let him yoke foxes and milk the He-goats.
15. You cackle like a Goose among the tuneful Swans.
16. Now Cyrus, glut yourself with Blood. 17. I know
not what to do.
TERMS ENGLISHED.
10. Lessening. 11. Feigning a name. 12. Contrary
Word. 13. Softening. 14. Civility. 15. Detraction.
16; Bitter Taunt. 17. A Proverb.
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? 126 ARS RHETORICA.
JEnigma obscuris tecta est sententia verbis. 18
Figure Dictionis in eodem Sono.
Dat varium sensum voci Antanaclasis eidem. 19
Atque Ploce repetit proprium ; communiter hocce. 20
Diversis membris frontem dat Anaphora eandem. 21
Complures clausus concludit Epistropke eodem. 22
Symploce eas jungit, complexa utramque figuram. 23
Incipit et voce exit Epanalepsis eadem. 24
Est Anadiplosis cum quae postrema prions 25
Vox est, hsec membri fit dictio prima sequentis.
EXEMPLA
18. Armido Nilotis, (i. e. Papyrus Nili) yrofext Jiliolas
Cadmi, (i. e. Graecas literas inventas ab illo. ) 19. Quis
neget iEnese natum de stirpe Neronem ? Sustulit hie
matrem, sustulit ille patrem ! 20.
In hac victoria Caesar
erat Casar, (i. e. mitissimus victor. ) 21. Pax coronat
vitam : pax profert copiam. 22. Nascimur dolore, degi-
mus vi tarn dolore, finimus dolore. 23. Quis legem tulit?
Rullus. Quis majorem populi partem suffragiis privavit?
Rullus. Quis comitiis prasfuit? Idem Rullus. 24. Multa
super Priamo rogitans, super Hectore multa. 25. Hie
tamen vivit : Vivit ? imo vero etiam in senatum venit.
DERIVATIONES.
18 ab aivLiib), obscure loquor. 19. ab tivTava-Adw,
refringo. 20. a nXixt>> t necto. 21. ab tivayiQco, refero.
22. ab snisoicpcj, converto. 23. a ovjUTjlexio, connecto.
24. nbtni, & (jiPaXctfiB&na, repeto. 25. ab tivadrnXdw,
reduplico.
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? ART OF RHETORIC. 127
Mnigma in dark words the sense conceals ; 18
But, that once known, a riddling speech reveals.
Figures of Words of the same sound.
Antanaclasis in one sound contains 19
More meanings, which the various sense explains*
By Ploce one a proper name repeats ; 20
Yet as a common noun the latter treats.
Anaphora gives more sentences one head ; 21
As readily appear to those that read.
Epistrophe more sentences doth close 22
With the same words, whether in verse or prose.
Symploce joins these figures both together, 23
And from both jbin'd makes up itself another.
Epanalepsis words doth recommend, 24
The same at the beginning and the end.
Anadiplosis ends the former line 25
With what the next does for its first design.
EXAMPLES.
18. Nilotis's Quill brought forth the Daughters of
Cadmus, (i. e. a Pen made of a Reed growing by the side
of the River Nile wrote the Greek Letters invented by
Cadmus. ) 19. Who can deny that Nero is descended from
jEneas ? The former took off (i. e. killed) his mother ;
the latter took off (i. e. affectionately removed from dan-
ger) his father. 20. In that Victory Caesar was Coesar,
(i. e. a most serene Conqueror. ) 21. Peace crowns our
Life ; Peace does our Plenty breed. 22. We are born in
Sorrow; pass our time in Sorrow ; end our days in Sor-
row. 23. Who proposed the law ? Rullus. WJw deprived
the majority of the people of their right of suffrage ? Rullus.
Who presided at the comitia ? The same identical Rullus .
24. Many ^ questions anxiously asking about Priam, about
Hector, many. 25. And yet this man is permitted to
live : -- to live ? Yea, and even to come into the senate !
TEEMS ENGLISHED.
18. A Riddle. 19. A Reciprocation. 20. Continua-
tion. 21. Rehearsal. 22. A turning to. 23. A Com-
plication. 24. Repetition. 25. Reduplication.
12*
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? 128 ARS RHETORICA.
Prima velut mediis, mediis ita Epanados ima 26
Consona dat repetens. Exemplo disce figuram.
Ejusdem fit Epizeuxis repetitio vocis. 27
Continua serie est repetita gradatio Climax. 28
Estque Polyptoton vario si dictio casu. 29
Figure Dictionis similis Soni.
Fonte ab eodem derivata Paragmenon aptat. 30
Voce parum mutata, alludit significatum.
Paranomasia : ut " amentis non gestus amantis. " 31
Fine sono similes conjungit Homoioteleuton. 32
Inque Parechesi repetita est Syllaba vocum. 33
EXEMPLA.
26. Crudelis tu quoque mater ; crudelis muter magis,
an puer improbus tile ? Improbus ille puer, crudelis tu
quoque mater. 27. Ah ! Cory don, Corydon* Bella,
horrida bella. 28. Quod libet, id licet, his ; at quod
licet, id satis audent ; quodque audent , faciunt ; faciunt
quodcunque molestum est. 29. Arma armis ; pedi pes;
virovir. 30. Pieridum studio studiose teneris. 31. Amentis
non gestus amantis ; ut supra. 32. Si vis incolumen, si
vis te reddere sanum, curas tolle graves, irasci crede pro-
fanum. 33. O fortunatam natam.
DERIVATIONES.
26. ab inl, & &vodog, ascensus. 27. ab imfrtiyvviH,
conjungo. 28. a xtivut, acclino. 29. a nolvg, varius, &
mwaig, casus. 30. a nnQikyM, derivo. 31. a. naga, juxta,
& bvofioc. nomen. 32. ab 6uolu)c % similiter, & liltviop^
finitum. 33. a n<<^? /^? w, sono similis sum.
* In translating some of these figures, it is extremely difficult-- owiDg to
idiomatic phraseology, dissimilarity of sound, &c, &c, -- to give more than equi-
valent sense ; as in the present example, and many others farther on.
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? A. RT OF RHETORIC. 129
By Epanados a sentence shifts its place, 26
Takes first, and last, and also middle space.
An Epizeuxis twice a word repeats, 27
Whate'er the theme or subject be it treats.
A Climax by gradacion still ascends, 28
Until the sense with finished period ends.
A Polyptoton still the same word places, 29
If sense requires it, in two different cases.
Figures of Words of like Sound.
Paragmenon derived from one recites 30
More words; and in one sentence them unites.
Paronomasia to the sense alludes, 31
When words but little vary'd it includes.
Homoioteleuton makes the measure chime 32
With like sounds in the end of fetter'd rhyme.
A Parachesis syllable sets twice ; 33
But this, except to poets, is a vice.
EXAMPLES.
26. Whether the worst ? the Child accurst, or else the
cruel mother? The Mother worst, the Child accurst ;
as bad the one as t'other. 27. Ah ! poor, poor Swain !
Wars, horrid wars. 28. Folly breeds Laughter ; Laugh-
ter, Disdain ; Disdain makes Shame her Daughter. 29.
Foot to foot ; Hand to Hand ; Face to Face. 30. I write
friendly of Friendship to a Friend. 31. Friends are
turned fiends. 32. Chime and Rhyme, as above. 33.
