No More Learning

;
defects of diplomacy, 36; domestic govern-
ment, 37; legislation, 38, 54 sqq. ; ad-
ministration, 39; and the silk trade, 41;
financial difficulties, 42; religious policy,
43 sqq. ; and the Three Chapters con-
troversy, 47 sq. , 398; illtreats Pope
Vigilius, 48; last years, 50 sq. ; death,
51, 263; services to the Empire, 52; 57;
code of, 59 sqq. ; digest, 60; 62 sq. ,
65 sqq. , 118 sq. , 140; and Visigothic
Spain, 163 sq. ; 193, 195; organises the
inistration in Africa, and in Italy,
222 sqq. ; and the Church, 229, 246;
235 sq. , 239, 259; funeral, 264; 265 sq. ,
268; and the eastern trade route, 269;
273, 283, 300, 366, 395 sq. , 407, 411;
435, 691, 706
Justinian II (Rhinotmetus), Eastern Em-
peror, 405; succeeds to the throne, 406;
in Armenia, ib. ; defeated by Arabs, 407;
and the synodal Acts, ib. ; orders arrest
of Pope Sergius, 408; deposed, 409; 410;
restored, 411; married, ib. ; reconciled
with the Pope, 412; attempts vengeance
on Cherson, 412 sq. ; flight, 413; death,
414; 415; and Leo of Germanicea, 416;
688; and the Roman Church, 689; 690
Justinian, patrician, and the Persian war,
270, 274
Justinian, patrician, executed, 395
Justiniana Prima (Tauresium), birthplace
of Justinian, 2, 33, 40; 254, 407
Justus, Archbishop of Canterbury, mission-
ary to England, 518; made bishop of
Durobrivae (Rochester), 521; flight, 522;
return, ib. ; made archbishop of Canter-
bury, ib. ; death, 523
Jutes, the, attacked by Wulfhere, 553;
attacked by Ceadwalla, 560
Ka'ba, the, sanctuary of pagan Arabs, 304;
308, 311; Mahomet and, 325 sq.
Ka'b ibn Asad, chief of Kuraiza, treachery
of, 320
Kādisiya, battle of, 346 sqq.
Kåhina, the, prophetess, incites the Berbers,
370
Kairawān, 367; foundation of, 368, 370;
taken by Berbers, 369; freed, ib. ; seat
of government of the Maghrib, 376;
377; Arabs and Berbers contend for, 378;
388
Kais, the, tribe, supports Zubair faction,
360; feud with the Kalb, 363, 375
Kais, commander of Arab fleet, 397
Kalb, the, tribe, 339; supports the Umay-
yads, 360; feud with the Kais, 363, 375;
388
Kalbites, the, rule in Sicily, 388
Karbalā, Husain's party defeated at, 359
Karcha, Chosroes retreats over mountains
of, 274
Kardarigan, Persian general, commands at
the battle of Solochon, 277; drives back
Philippicus, 278; in Mesopotamia, 285
Karin, opposes Phocas, 285; Sahin at, 289;
Heraclius at, 293
Kawad, King of Persia, declares war, 7, 28;
death, 29
Keby (Cuby), St, at Jerusalem, 499
Kef (Sicca Veneria), Zubair reaches, 369
Kelts, the, in Armorican peninsula, 118;
418, 459; heathen religion of, ch. xv (A)
and (B) passim; and the tonsure, 520;
failure of, as missionaries, 534 sq. ; 633
Kent, and the mission of Augustine, 255,
516 sqq. ; Roman remains found in, 501;
decline of, 521; Eadbald king of, 522;
524, 530; independent of Northumbria,
543; 544; code for, 548; overrun by
Mercians, 557; Mul set over, 560; de-
velopment of, 561; absorbed in Mercia,
563 sq. ; rises against Mercia, 565; social
organisation in, 566 sqq. ; the witan in,
569; village system in, 572; 639
Kentigern (Mungo), St, Bishop of Glasgow


## p. 858 (#890) ############################################

858
Index
and of St Asaph, 499, 510; little known
of, 512
Kerkh, 429
Kemian, revolt in, 279
Kesteven, part of Mercia, 552; 554; nu-
cleated villages in, 572
Khadija, first wife of Mahomet, 305 sq. ;
converted, 307; death, 311
Khaffiin, Khalid at, 338
Khaibar, oasis, the Banu-n-Nadlr banished
to, 319; subdued by Mahomet, 323
Khalfun, Berber general, 384, 386
Khalid, admiral, captured, 412
Khalid al-Kasri, viceroy for Hisham, 363
Khalid ibn al-Walid, leads Meccan horse-
men at the battle of Uhud, 318; converted
to Islam, 323; commands the retreat from
Mu'ta, 324; in the Ridda war, 336 sq. ;
his campaign on the Euphrates, 338;
his conquest of Syria, 339 sqq. , 352, 396
Kharazan, 429
Kharijites (Harurites), 357; harass the
government, 361; present survival of,
361, 377; increase among the Berbers,
376; 378
Khazraj, the, at perpetual feud with the
Aus, 312; 314; and Abu Bakr's election,
333
Khilvud, 453
Khokand, 432
Khorasan, 279, 348, 364
Khuza'a, Bedouin tribe, 319, 324
Khuzistan (Elam), province, resists Sara-
cens, 347 sq.
Kidderminster, 558
Kiersy. See Quierzy
Kiev, 418 sq. , 426 sq. , 431, 481
Kilian, St, mission of, 128; 539
Kincardineshire, 512
King's Worthy, 572
Kinnasiin (Kalchis), resists Muslim attack,
'344
Kinross, county, 512
Kippax, 544 note
Kirkbampton, inscription at, 476
Kirkbride, inscription at, 475
Kirkby Thore, 475
Kirkcudbright, county, 511
Kirkdale in Yorkshire, 526 note, 529 note
Kirkintulloch, 476
Kirkmadrine, engraved stones at, 512
Kirkmaiden, 512
Kirknewton in Northumberland, 526 note
Kitharizon, fortress at, 33
Kitzingen, foundation of Boniface at, 537
Klagenfurt, 449
Klysma (Kulzum, Suez), importance of, 349
Knut, King of Denmark and England, 489,
636, 642
Kdnigsberg, 418
Komitas, ambassador to Baian, 268
Koran, the, chief authority for the life of
Mahomet, 302, 305 note; teaching in,
307 sqq. ; 314; legislation of, 315 sq. ;
318; cited, 322, 326; 407
Kosmaa, quaestor, 291
Kotrigur Huns, the, 34, 268
Kours, 277 note
Kreuzberg, the, pass over, 225
Kubrat, Bulgar khan, wins freedom, 451
Kuda'a, tribe, 339 sq.
Kufa, seat of Saracen government, 347;
348, 351; becomes the capital, 356; 359;
368
Kunimund, King of the Oepidae, slain by
Alboin, 195,268; 196
Kur, Biver, 297
Kuraish, the, inhabit Mecca, 304; trade
and customs, ib. ; Mahomet's branch of,
304 sq. ; 307, 310 sq. ; try to prevent
Muslim emigration, 313; 314; and Muslim
raids, 316 sqq. ; at war with the Muslims,
318 sqq. ; surrender to Mahomet, 324;
325
Kuraiza, Jewish clan, at the siege of
'Medina, 320
Kusaila, Berber chief, supports Dinar, 368;
victorious over Saracens, 369; defeated
and killed, ib. ■ 370
Kusistan, revolt in, 279
Labe. See Elbe
Labes, lawyer, 79
La Cava. See Florinda
La CM Antique, of Fustel de Coulanges,
cited, 461
La Conquista, 166 note
Lactarius, Mons. See Lettere
Ladoga, Lake, 427 sqq.
Ladoga, town, 429, 434
Lagny, monastery of, founded, 524
Lagoons, district of the, Lombards fail to
take, 215
Laibach, 446 sq.
Lakhm, the, subject to Persia, 303, 331,
339
Lakhmites, the, 331
Lancashire, 512, 544, 557
Lancaster, inscriptions at, 474 sq.
Landbooks, term explained, 558
Landen, estate of Pepin, 126
Land Tenure, of the Lombards, 197; of the
English (landbooks), 558, 646. See Bene-
fice, Feudalism, Villae
Landvaettir, guardian spirits of the land,
488
Lanercost Priory, 475
Langres, 109
Languedoc (Low), 581
Laodioea, burnt, 417
Laodicea, Bishop of. See Apollinarius
Laon, bishopric established at, 142; 696
Las Hurdes, 166
Lastingham, monastery of, founded, 529
and note
Latae (Latis), goddess, 476
Lateran, the. See Church of S. John
Lateran
Latium, 464
Laurentius, Archbishop of Canterbury, as


## p. 859 (#891) ############################################

Indea:
859
presbyter, sent by Augustine to Gregory,
516; consecrates St Augustine's, 519;
made archbishop of Canterbury, 521;
death, 522
Laurentius, count, 192
“Laws of Constantine, Theodosius and
Leo,” of fourth century, 58
Lazi (Lazes), tribe, under Roman influence,
7, 29 sq. , 34 sq. ; support Heraclius, 294
Lazica (Colchis), 28; attacked by Chosroes,
29; Persians evacuate, 30; defence of,
33; trade of, 41; Suania claimed to be a
part of,266; Heraclius in, 398; Maximus
imprisoned at, 403; betrayed to the
Arabs, 410; 412, 416
Leander, Archbishop of Seville, promotes
conversion of Hermenegild, 168, 259;
and of Recared, 171, 260; friend of
Gregory the Great, 239 sq. , 260
Lebanon Mts, 278, 398
Lech, River, 119, 607 sq.
Lectoure, 462
Lederata, fortified bridge at, 33
Ledstone, 544, 547
Leeds, 476, 544 note
Legislation, Roman, ch. III passim; of the
early Franks, 137 sq. ; of the Lombards,
203 sq. , 207 sq. ; of the Visigoths, 173 sq.
and notes, 178 and note, 180 sq. and notes;
of the English (Ine), 586, (Eadmund)
634; of Mahomet, 315; of Pepin, 592 sq. ;
of Charles the Great, 611, 616, ch. xxi. ;
Scandinavian, ch. xix passim; Teutonic,
673 sq. , and see Codex, Institutes, Laws,
Lex, Justinian I, Theodosius II, Salic,
Saxons, etc.
Leicester, made a bishopric, 557
Leicestershire, part of South Mercia, 552
Leintwardine, 572
Leiria, 166
Leitha, River, 609; boundary of the empire
of Charles the Great, 615
Lejre, heathen festival at, 489
Le Mans, Richar killed at, 115; 141; in-
scriptions at, 473 sq.
Le Mans, Bishop of. See Bertramn
Lemusi, the, 450, 453, 454 note
Leo I, Emperor of the East, 54; novella of,
57
Leo III, the Isaurian, Eastern Emperor,
and Gregory II, 231, 578; issues an edict
against images, 231, 578, 691; refuses to
recognise Theodosius III, 416; becomes
emperor, 417; taxes Italy, 695
Leo IV, Eastern Emperor, dies, 601
Leo V, Eastern Emperor, and Charles the
Great, 624
Leo I (the Great), Pope, 146; Tome of, 404,
688; and Prosper, 502; 689 sqq.
Leo II, Pope, consecrated, 405; confirms
Acts of Sixth General Council, ib.
Leo III, Pope, 615 sq. ; letter of Charles
the Great to, cited, 617; made Pope,
619,703; ill-treated by Romans, ib. ; takes
refuge with Charles the Great, ib. ; swears
his innocence, 620; crowns Charles em-
peror, 620 sqq. , 704 sqq. ; and the Filioque
clause, 624; 701
Leo, Archbishop of Ravenna, puts to death
Paulus Afiarta, 702; attempts to make
himself independent, ib.
Leo Diaconus, cited, 493
Leodegar (Léger), Bishop of Autun, opposes
Ebroin, 126 sq.
Leominster, monastery founded at, 553
Leon, forms an independent state, 165;
taken by Leovigild, 166
Leontia, wife of Phocas, letters of Gregory
the Great to, 251; coronation of, 282
Leontius, Eastern Emperor, in Armenia,
406; heads insurrection, 409; proclaimed
emperor, 410; deposed, ib. ; executed,
411
Leontius, Bishop of Bordeaux, splendid
houses of, 158
Leontius, eunuch, commands troops before
Edessa, 285
Leontius, Syrian minister of finance, killed,
288
Leontius, praefect, supports Heraclius, 287;
ambassador to the Persians, 290
Leovigild . . . ] King of the Visigoths,
made governor of Visigothic territory in
Spain, 164 sq. ; policy, 165; victories in
Spain, 166; sole king, ib. ; victories of,
167 sq. ; domestic troubles, 168; treat-
ment of Catholics, 168 sq. ; crushes revolt
of Hermenegild, 170, 259; destroys
Suevic kingdom, ib. ; death, 170; 171 sq. ;
reforms the legislation, 173; 175 sq. , 178,
187; buildings of time of, 193
Lepta, Arab attack on, 367
Leptis Magna, 224
Ler (Llyr), god of the sea, 477
Lerins, 147; abbot of, instructed to help
Augustine's mission, 254
Leth, family of (Lethings), 195, 200, 208
Lettere, Monte (Mons Lactarius), victory of
Narses on, 18
Letts, the, 418
Leutharis, chief of the Alemanni, invades
Italy, 18
Levi, the tribe of, 144
Ler Aquilia, 99
Lea: Baiuvariorum, 675
Lea: Cincia, 87
Lez Falcidia, 81 sq. , 87 sq.
Lez Gundobada, promulgated, 112
Lear Julia, 106
Lear Reccesvindiana, 178
Lear Ripuaria, fines for disobedience under,
661; 675
Lea Romana Burgundiorum, 57 sq.
Lea Romana Visigothorum, 57; described,
58; as affecting Jews, 174; abolished,
178
Ler Salica. See Salic Law
Liber contra Collatorem, of Prosper, cited,
502 sq.
Liber Historiae Francorum, 157


## p. 860 (#892) ############################################

860
Liber Judiciorum. See Forum Judicum
Liber Landavensis, cited, 497 note
Liber Pluscardensis, of Maurice Buchanan,
509
Liber Pontificalis, cited, 235, 496, 588 and
note, 695, 700 sq. , 706 note
Liberius, Pope, 689
Liberius, general of Justinian, victorious in
Spain, 163
Liberius, governor of Spain under Theodoric,
162
Libri Carolini, prepared by order of Charles
the Great, 616; cited, 617 sq.
Libri Sententiarum of Isidore of Seville, 192
Liburia (Terradi Lavoro), 228
Libya, 243
Lichfield, large extent of bishopric, 557;
erected into an archbishopric, 565
Lichfield, Bishops of. See Diuma, Higbert,
Iaruman, Trumhere
Lichtenwald (Rann-Lichtenwald), estates
of, 446 sqq.
Licinianus, Bishop of Carthagena, 192
Liége, 128
Life of Columba, by Adamnan, 513
Ligugé, abbey of, 147
Liguria, 15; Franks in, 18, 119; taken by
Rothari, 228
Ligurians, the, 459; heathen deities of,
460 sqq.
Lilius, adherent of Phocas, brings the heads
of Maurice and his sons to Constantinople,
282; ambassador to Persia, 284; im-
risoned, ib.
Lilla, Northumbrian thegn, saves the life
of Edwin, 522
Lilybaeum, municipal responsibilities trans-
ferred to the bishop at, 229
Limoges, native place of Eligius, 155
Limoges, Bishop of. See Ruricius
Limousin, the, conquered by Pepin, 593
Lincoln, perhaps early British see, 498;
Paulinus at, 523
Lincoln, Bishop of.
Lincolnshire, 523
See Adelfius
Lindfield, 572
Lindisfarne (Holy Island), monastery
founded at, 526, 545; 527 sqq. , 546;
Wilfrid at, 554; 555; made into a
bishopric, 556
Lindisfarne, Bishops of. See Aidan, Colman,
Finan, Tuda
Lindsey, seized by Raedwald of East Anglia,
522; Paulinus teaches in, 523; annexed
by Edwin, 543; included in Mercia, 545;
annexed by Oswy, 551; seized by Ecgfrith,
556 sq. ; restored to Mercia, 557; 569
Linlithgow, county, 511
Linz, 443
Lioba, helps in the work of Boniface, 538
Lippe, River, 611
Lippspringe, assembly held at, 611
Liris, River, 228; limit of papal domain,
590
Lisbon, taken by Remismund, 165
Indea:
Lithuanians, the, 418
Liudhard, Frankish bishop, goes to England.
515
Liutgardis, wife of Charles the Great, death
of, 704
Liutperga, daughter of Desiderius the Lon.
bard, marries Tassilo of Bavaria, 218
Liutpert, King of the Lombards, minoriº,
210; death, 211
Liutprand, King of the Lombards, makes
alliance with Charles Martel, 129, 2ll;
besieges Rome, 130,212, 580; proclaimed
king, 211; policy, ib. ; and Gregory II
212, 694 sq. ; extends territory, ib. ; and
Pope Zacharias, 214, 580, 695; concludes
peace with Rome, 214; death, ib. , 695;
215, 217, 228, 233, 590, 597, 698
Liuwa (Leuwa), brother of Athanagild, made
king of the Visigoths, 164; death, 166:
175
Liuwa II, King of the Visigoths, 173
Lives of the Irish Saints, cited, 503
Livingstone, David, 697
Llandaff, Bishops of. See Dubritius,
Oudoceus, Teilo
Lles ap Coel, 496
Lleu. See Lugus
Lludd, 474
Llyr. See Ler
Logrosan, 166 note
Lohe (Sleza), River, 435
Loides (Ledstone), chief town in the land
of Elmet, 544 and note
Loigaire, High King of Ireland, and St
Patrick, 503 sq. , 506
Loire, River, 109, 111; meet ºf
island in, 113; bounds kingdom of Clovis,
114; 116, 138; course straightened, 144;
limit of Visigothic kingdom, 159; bound-
ary between Gaul and Neustria, 582;
separates nationalities, 593
#. 164; Leovigild at, 167
Loki, 485
Lombards, the, 11; fail to aid the Goths,
16; settle in Pannonia and Noricum, 19,
30, 35; 34; 119; Dagobert and, liş;
Italy under, ch. VII passim, 579–591;
early history, 194; defeat the Gepids,
195, 268; help Narses, 195; invade Italy,
196; settlement of, in Italy, 197 sq. ;
renew the kingship, 199; pay tribute to
the Franks, 200; defeat imperial army,
205; growth of Catholicism among, 206;
Roman influence on, 207 sq. ; modifica-
tions of laws and government, 208; status
of the dukes, 209; grades of society, 210;
varying policy towards Rome, 211-219;
and the Franks, 216 sq. ; conquered by
Charles the Great, 220; 225sqq. ,233,235.
238 sq. ; Gregory the Great and, 243 sqq.
261; 283,300, 435 sq. ; and the Avars, 438,
444; 449, 539; 577; occupy Ravenna,
578, 691; 579; threaten Rome, 580: aid
malcontents against Pepin, 587; under
Desiderius, 591; hatred of Stephen III


## p. 861 (#893) ############################################

Indea:
861
for, 596; war of Charles the Great with,
597 sqq. ; under Frankish suzerainty,
602; 617 sq. , 623, 636, 642, 653, 660,
686, 692; territory in Italy held by, 693;
and the Papacy, 694 sq.
Lombardy, 429; allied with Francia, 596;
conquered by Charles the Great, 598 sqq.
Lomello, Count of. See Otto
London, to be a metropolitan see, 255 sq. ;
early British see, 498; 518; Mellitus
bishop of, 521; Mellitus driven from,
522; 536, 544; Wulfhere gains, 553
London, Bishops of. See Mellitus, Resti-
tutus, Wini
Longinus, praefect of Italy, 196
Longwood, inscription at, 473
Lorraine, 475
Lothaire, King of Kent, grants land to the
abbot of Reculver, 558 sq. ; amends
Aethelberht’s code, 561
Louis I, the Pious, Emperor, imposes
Benedictine rule on all monasteries, 149;
refuses to help Naples, 383; in infancy
made King of Aquitania, 600, 605; at the
surrender of Barcelona, 606; coronation
of, 621, 625; and the Eastern Emperor,
624; 626, 659; the Frankish state under,
662 sq. , 670, 679, 683 sq.
Louis II, the German, Emperor, defeats
the Saracens, 385 sq. ; death, 386; 660,
663
Louisiana, 53
Lovat, River, 427
Low Wall, inscription at, 475
Lucan, 459; cited, 463 sq.
Lucania, 228
Lucas of Tuy, cited, 182
Luce, Bay of, 512
Luceria, occupied by imperial army, 205, 394
Luchon, 460
Lucius Aelius Septimus Megas Abgarus IX,
King of Birtha, erroneously taken for a
king of Britain, 496, 510
Lugudunum (Lugdunum), name explained,
472
Lugus (Lug, Lleu), a god of the Kelts, 472,
477
Luguvallium, 472
Lul, Archbishop of Mainz, helps Boniface,
538; made archbishop, 541, 581; 542
Luna, 203
Lund, significance of, in place-names, 492
Luni, 599
Lupiones Sarmatae, 432
Lupus, Bishop of Troyes, visits sepulchre
of St Alban, 497; attempts to suppress
Pelagianism in Britain, 500
Lupus of Champagne, supports Brunhild,
122
Lusitania, partly under Visigothic rule, 159;
territory of Sueves in, 166; part seized
by Romanus, 168
Lutold, vassal prince of Znaim, 449
Luxeuil, 460
Luxeuil, monastery of,
St Columbanus
expelled from, 124, 148; Ebroin con-
fined in, 127; founded by St Columbanus,
147, 533
Luxovius, 460
Lycaonia, 39, 414
Lycia, 353, 393; Arabs in, 397
Lycus, River, 296
Lydney Park, inscriptions at, 474, 479
Lydus, John, cited, 43
Lyminge, Roman remains at, 501
Lyons, 109; metropolitan see, 145; church
built at, 157; 257; Gregory's address to
the bishop of, 258; concilium of the
Three Gauls at, 470; Wilfrid at, 554
Lyutitzi, 454; names of clans among, 454
note; religion of, 456
Mabon, origin of name, 475; 477
Macarius, Patriarch of Antioch, supports
the Patriarch Theodore, 404; deposed by
Sixth General Council, 404 sq.
Macedonia, Justinian a native of, 2;
castella in, 33; 437 note; the Dregovichi
in, 438; 440
Macedonius, Patriarch of Antioch, at the
trial of Maximus, 402
Macedonius, Bishop of Aquileia, and the
Three Chapters controversy, 48
Macha, hill, 507
Mac Oc, the, 478
Mada'in. See Ctesiphon
Madaura, a fortress of Justinian, 22
Ma‘ddites, the, ascendancy of, 129
Maegth, the, 549; 634
Maeotis, Palus. See Azov
Maestricht, made a bishopric, 534
Magdalona, 179
Magdeburg, fortress built at, 614
Magesaete. See Hecana
Maghrib, the, government of, 375 sqq.
Magnovald, Frankish noble, murdered by
Childebert II, 134
Mag Slecht, 478, 506
Maguelonne, fortifications destroyed, 129;
bishopric established at, 142; Arabs
expelled from, 582
Magyars, the, 428; makeraids on the Slavs,
429; 436
Mahdi, name explained, 379
Mahdiya, founded, 379
Mahomet (Muhammad), 129; ch. x passim;
authorities for life and teaching of, 302;
birth, 304 sq. ; parentage and early years,
305; marriage, ib. ; religious influences,
306 sq. ; first converts, 307; doctrine,
308 sq. ; opposed by the Meccans, 310 sqq. ;
is invited to Medina, 312; goes to Medina,
313; legislation, 314 sqq. ; domestic life,
316; at the battle of Badr, 317; at the
battle of Uhud, 318; persecutes the Jews,
319; defends Medina, 320 sq. ; makes a
treaty with the Meccans, 322; takes
Khaibar, 323; takes Mecca, 324; policy
towards heathen, 325; towards Jews and
Christians, 326; regulates the sacred


## p. 862 (#894) ############################################

862
Inder
Calendar, ib. ; death, 327, 332; 329,
331 sqq. , 339, 347, 354
Mahomet, commander of Arab fleet, 397
Mahomet, brother of ‘Abd-al-Malik, invades
Boman territory, 407
Mahra, 336
Maimin, Mardaite, killed, 412
Main, Biver, 128; Avars on, 436; 438,
452 sq. , 537
Maine, Roderick, Count of, 663
Maine, Sir Henry, cited, 53
Mainz (Moguntiacum), 475, 533; see of,
metropolitan, 581, 698; Charles the Great
at, 704
Mainz, Bishops and Archbishops of. See
Boniface, Gewilip, Lul, Sidonius
Mais, 211
Majorian, Emperor of the West, 163
Malaga, taken by imperialists, 19; bishop
of, and Gregory the Great, 260; taken by
Arabs, 372
Malalas, John, cited, 31
Malik, Arab leader, in Asia Minor, 396
Malmédy, monastery of, 148
Malmesbury, 519; Aldhelm at, 574
Malton, inscription at, 474
Mamelukes, the, 386
Man, Isle of, 477; customs in, 482; 511;
under Edwin of Deira, 543; 550
Manannan (Manawyddan), god of the Isle
of Man, 477
Maniach, counsellor to Dizabul, advises
appeal to Rome, 269
Maniakes, general, victorious in Sicily, 389
Manichaeans, the, persecuted, 44, 107 sq.
Manor, rise of the, 649 sqq.
Mansir, Caliph, and Pepin, 592
Mantua, resists Lombard attack, 196; re-
taken by imperialists, 200; occupied by
Lombards, 201; 588, 599
Manūf, battle near, 287
Manuel, general, takes Alexandria, 352
Maponi, Maponifanum, 475
Mapónos, Maponos, god, 474 sqq.
Marbod, Lom ruled by, 194, 639
Marca Winidorum (Winedorum), 443,449
Marcellus, jurist, 55
Marcianus (Martinus), cousin of Justin II,
sent to attack Nisibis, 272; superseded, ib.
Marcomanni, 194
Marco Polo, cited, 420
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, Emperor, 55,
65, 72
Mardaites, the, 361; invade Palestine, 397;
transferred to imperial territory, 406;
settled in Pamphylia, 410
Mardes, imperial army flees to, 272
Maris the Persian, Bishop of Hardascir,
letter of Ibas to, declared heretical, 689
Marius of Aventicum, historian, 117
Marj Rāhit, Umayyads victorious at, 360
Marj as-Suffar, 342
Market Weighton, 523
Marmora, Sea of, (Propontis), fortifications
of, 33; 288; Arabs in, 397; 411
Marmoutier, abbey of, 147
Marne, River, 115,459 sq. , 475,524,584
Maron, monastery of, 398
Marouzas, Persian general, defeated and
killed, 279
iage, Boman laws concerning, 70–75;
Lombard laws of, 207; of the clergy,
258, 408
Marriga (Riga), god, 474
Mars, 463 sq. , 473 sqq. , 483 sqq.
Marseilles, Frankish kings take, 118: 147:
trade of, 155 sq. ; Jewish colony at 155,
257; 464
Marseilles, Bishop of. See Serenus
Martin I, Pope, and the Frankish kings,
146; and the Monothelete controvers.
ib. , 401, 690; appointment, 401; ill-
treatment, ib. : banishment, 402, 690:
death, ib. ; 403
Martin, St, Bishop of Braga, converts the
Sueves to Catholicism, 166, 192
Martin, St, Bishop of Tours, Chlotar at
tomb of, 117; 129, 511
Martin, son of Heraclius, 391
Martina, second wife of Heraclius, 289:
and the war in Egypt, 351; unpopularity,
391; mutilated, 392
Martlesham, inscription at, 474
Martyropolis, siege of, 29; fortress of, 33;
277; battle of, 279; betrayed to the
Persians, ib. ; Chosroes II restores, 280;
294
Marw, Yezdegerd at, 348
Marwān, nephew of Maslama, military
successes of, 414
Marwān ibn al-Hakam, Caliph, made
secretary of state, 355; -
caliph, 360; conquers Egypt,361; death,
ib. , 406
Marwān II, Caliph, hopeless position of,
364; 377
Masar, Saracen leader, at Benevento, 384;
executed, 386
Maserfield, battle of, 527, 546
Maslama (Musailima), prophet of the Banā
Hanifa, defeated, 336
Maslama, son of ‘Abd-al-Malik, takes for-
tresses, 410; successes in Asia Minor,41i,
414 sq. ; commands expedition agains:
Constantinople, 416 sq.
Maslama ibn Mukhallad, governor-general
of Egypt, 368
Masona, Bishop of Mérida, 192
Matres Britannae, goddesses, mentioned on
one inscription, 476
Matres Ubelnae, 461
Matrona, goddess of the Marne spring, 450,
475, 477
Matunus, god, 474
Mauretania, forms a military district, 21;
22; 35; 224
Mauretania Caesariensis, independence of.
14; 224; is joined to Mauretania Sitifen-
sis to form Mauretania Prima, 227, 283
Mauretania Prima, formed, 227, 283


## p. 863 (#895) ############################################

Indea:
863
Mauretania Secunda, formed, 227, 283
Mauretania Sitifensis, brought under im-
perial rule, 13 sq. ; 224; is joined to
Mauretania Caesariensis to form Maure-
tania Prima, 227, 283
Mauretania Tingitana, independence of, 14;
forms part of Mauretania II, 283
Maurice, St. , 117
Maurice, Eastern Emperor, makes a treaty
with Recared, 172; engages Childebert
to drive out the Lombards, 199; 201,
227; refuses to help the Pope, 239;
sanctions choice of Gregory as Pope, 240;
differs from Gregory, 245 sq. , 253, 283;
247; deposed and murdered, 250; 251;
255, 273; early career, 275; made Caesar,
276; marriage, 277; accession, ib. ; policy,
ib. ; reduces soldiers' pay, 278; recalls
Philippicus, ib. ; reinstates Philippicus,
279; restores Chosroes II to his throne,
280; army revolts against, 281; flight,282;
death, ib. ; fate of his sons, ib. ; character,
282 sqq. ; reforms, 283 sq. ; religious
persecution, 284; members of family
slain, 282,284,286; 288, 405, 438 note, 451
“Mauricius,” cited, 420 sq. , 424, 429, 442,
453
Maurisio, Lombard duke, put to death by
Agilulf, 244
Maurus Bessus, patrician, in command at
siege of Cherson, 413; sent to kill
Tiberius, 414
Mausil (Mosul), captured, 348
Mausoleum of Hadrian, becomes the Castle
of Sant'Angelo, 240
Mawāli, the, 364
Maximus IV, Bishop of Salona, and Gregory
the Great, 254
Maximus, Archimandrite of Chrysopolis,
opposes Monotheletism, 400; 401; charges
against, 402; exile, 403; death, ib.
Maynooth, derivation of name, 474
Mayo, county, 506
Mazara, Saracen army lands at, 382
Meath, county, the Dessi in, 504; spread
of Christianity in, 506
Mebodes, Persian ambassador to Justin II,
267; second embassy, 274; at Solochon,
277 sq.
Mecca (Makka or Bakka), pre-Mahometan
sanctity of, 304; birthplace of Mahomet,
304 sq. ; Hanifs at, 306; 307; opposition
to Mahomet at, 310 sq. , 312; Mahomet
leaves, 313; Mahomet orders disciples
to pray towards, 314; 316 sqq. ; at war
with Medina, 317 sqq. ; taken by Ma-
homet, 324; 325, 327, 334; attacked by
Yazid, 360; Mus’ab holds out in, 361
Meccans, the, and the Hajj, 304; Mahomet
condemns the unbelief of, 308; oppose
Mahomet, 310 sq.
; 312; defeated at
Badr, 317; victorious at Uhud, 318; 319;
make the treaty of Hudaibiya, 322; sur-
render to Mahomet, 324; 325, 334
Mecklenburg,437 note, 438,444,454 and note
Medan, St, chapel dedicated to, 512
Medehamstede, Peada plans a monastery
at, 552; Wulfhere founds monastery at,
553
Medes, the, 437 mote
Media, 279, 298
Medina (Yathrib), (city and state), early
history, 312; citizens offer Mahomet a
home, ib. ; Mahomet emigrates to, 313;
legislation of Mahomet for, 314 sq. ;
poverty of Muslims at, 316; 317; over-
bearing acts of Mahomet in, 318; siege
of, 319 sqq. ; becomes headquarters of
Mahometanism, 321 sq. , 332; 325 sq. ;
death of Mahomet at, 327; 331, 334;
and the Ridda war, 335 sqq. ; 340, 343;
and the government of Syria, 344 sq. ;
346 sq. ; exposed position of, 349; 355;
declining importance of, 356; attacked
by Yazid, 360
Medina Sidonia (Asidona), taken by Leo-
vigild, 166; 185, 371 sq.
Medinese, the, invite Mahomet, 313; parties
among, 314; at the battle of Badr, 317;
defeated at Uhud, 318; after death of
Mahomet, 334
Mediterranean Sea, the, surrounded by
Roman territory, 19; 41; 58; 114, 163,
277; Chosroes advances towards, 289;
379; piracy in, 380 sq. ; 459, 577, 581,593
Medocius, god, 474
Mela, 459
Melanthias, suburb of Constantinople, over-
run by Avars, 295
Melitene, fort at, 33; Persians capture and
burn, 274; Persians take, 289; Arabs
take, 393; 396; Romans destroy, 406;
407, 410, 414
Mellitus, missionary to England, 518 sq. ;
made Bishop of London, 521; driven
away, 522, 546; made archbishop of
Canterbury, ib. ; 523
Melun, bishopric established at, 142
Membressa, battle near, 13
Memel, River, 427
Memphis, 290
Menander, cited, 35,267
Menas, Patriarch of Constantinople, letter
of, 398 sq. , 404
Menevia, Bishop of.
Meon, River, 553
Meonwaras, the, 553
Meran, 211
Mercia, beginnings of Christianity in,
528 sqq. ; under Penda, 543 sq. ; dimen-
sions of, 544 sq. ; importance of con-
solidation of, 547; part annexed by Oswy,
551; revolts from Oswy, 552; ascendancy
of, 553; Wilfrid in, 555 sq. , 559; five
dioceses for, 557; 560 sq. ; at height of
power, 562 sqq. ; separated from province
of Canterbury, 565; character of the
witan in, 569; moots in, 570; 573
Mercians, the North and South), 523, 543,
551, 557, 56
See David


## p. 864 (#896) ############################################

864
Indea:
Mercury, 463 sq. , 466,473, 483 sq.
Merewald, brother of Wulfhere of Mercia,
founds monasteries, 553
Mérida, Agila assassinated at, 163; supports
Hermenegild, 169; siege of, 185 sq. , 373;
Gothic architecture at, 193
Mérida, Bishops of. See Masona, Sunna
Merovingians, the, customs of, with regard
to inheritance, 116; 120 sq. ; decadence
of, 125 sqq. ; end of dynasty of, 131;
institutions in Gaul under, ch. v passim;
artistic tastes of, 155; and the Church,
256 sqq. ; 373, 575, 587, 593, 646, 655
660, 666, 677, 682; influence of Rome on,
702
Mersey, River, 476
Mesembria, 416
Meshko, father of Boleslav Khrobry, 455
Mesopotamia, 7; ravaged by Chosroes, 29;
magister militum appointed for, 32;
fortresses in, 33; Monophysites in,
44 sq. ; earthquakes in, 51; Roman law
in, 58; 276; policy of Maurice in, 284;
Persian invasion of, 285; Arabs in, 331;
conquered by Muslims, 344, 348, 353;
349
Mesopotamia, Duke of, 29
Messina, taken by Saracens, 382 sq. ; By-
zantines defeated off, 388
Messina, Strait of, Belisarius crosses, 15
Methodius, St, Slav apostle, 452
Metz, marriage of Brunhild at, 120; death
of Theodoric, King of Burgundy, at, 123;
rule of Arnulf in, 126; 127, 134; seat of
cloth manufacture, 155; 626
Metz, Bishops of. See Angilram, Arnulf,
Chrodegang
Meuse, River, 459
Mezamir, 453
Michael the Archangel, legend of, 240;
486
Michael II, Eastern Emperor, and Charles
the Great, 624
Michael, made archbishop of Ravenna by
Desiderius, 218; dismissed, ib.
Micheldever, 572
Middle Ages, the, and Roman Law, 53;
foundations of the history of, 329 sqq. ;
440; importance of greatmen in shaping,
595; 629, 638
Middle Angles, the, 545 sq.
Middle Anglia, 547, 552 sq. , 557, 559
Middleby, 476
Middlesex, 572
Mider, 477 -
Mihrān, Persian general, defeated, 346
Milan, taken by Romans, 15; retaken by
Goths, ib. ; depletion of, 23; rebuilt, 24;
taken by Alboin, 196; 200; Agilulf pro-
claimed king at, 201; Perctaritin, 204 sq. ;
Aistulf proclaimed king at, 215; 245,
254; synod held at, 404
Milan, Bishops and Archbishops of. See
Ambrose, Asterius, Constantius, Datius,
Honoratus, Vitalis
Milengi, the, in Morea, 438
Military system, the Byzantine, under
Justinian, 11, 32 sq. , 36, 226 sq. -
230 sq. ; under Heraclius and Constans,
395 sq. ; of the Merovingians, 141, 640;
of Pepin, 581, 669; of Charles the Great.
666 sq. , 669 sqq. ; of the Teutons,
641 sqq. , 648 sq. ; of the Lombards, 648
Miliucc, heathen master of St Patrick, 502.
506
Milton, John, 117 and note
Minden, bishopric founded at, 613
Mineo, Saracens at, 382
Minerva (Victoria), goddess, 462 sq. , 479
Mir (Miron), King of the Sueves, makes
war, 166; sues for peace, 168; driven
back to Galicia, 170; death, ib.
Miseno, Cape, 385
Misenum, Pope Martin at, 401
Misthia, taken by Arabs, 414
Modena, retaken by imperialists, 200; 228
Modestinus, jurist, work of, 55, 62
Modestus, general commanding in Jeru-
salem, 290
Modron (Matröna), goddess, 477
Moedoc of Ferns, St. , 499
Moenenn, Moinenn, Monenn, 505
Moesia, Huns invade, 31; placed under a
magister militum, 32; castella in, 33: 35:
Baduarius commands in, 268; Slav and
Avar raids in, 296; the Severyans in,
438
Mogons, god, 475
Mogounus, god, 474
Moguntiacum. See Mainz
Mohilev, 419
Molaton, 167
Moldau (Walth ahva, Vltava), River, 435
Monasticism, in Gaul, 147 sq. ; in England,
531, 558; and land holding, 647
Mondego (Munda), River, 168
Mongols, the, 428,437 note, 439 note, 443
Monkton, 558
Monkwearmouth. See Wearmouth
Monokarton, fortified by Philippieus, 277;
Roman forces in, 278
Monophysites, the, supported by the Em.
peror Anastasius, l; persecuted, 5 sq. ;
and Theodora,25,27; Justinian’s dealings
with, 44 sqq. , 398; and the Three
Chapters, 47; persecuted by Justin II,
265; protected by Tiberius II, 273; 285:
and Heraclius, 345, 349, 690; and the
Monothelete controversy, 398 sq. , 404,
688; 691
Monophysitism, spread of, 46; 691
Monothelete controversy, the, 146; 398-405,
690 sq.
Monovar, 164
Mons Bardone, 599
Monselice, resists Lombard attack, 196;
taken by Lombards, 201; 599
Montanists, the, persecuted, 44, 108
Montanus, Bishop of Toledo, 192
Mont-Dore, 460


## p. 865 (#897) ############################################

Index
865
Monte Cassino, rale given by St Benedict
to, 148; Batchis retires to, 215; abbot
of, ambassador to Aistulf, ib. , 582; 216 sq. ;
plundered by Saracens, 386 sq. ; Carlo-
man at, 583
Montenegro, 437
Monza, and Theodelinda, 202; her tomb at,
249
Moors, serve in imperial army, 11; 267
note; accept Islam, 365; invade Spain,
371; 565, 593; ravage the Balearic
Islands, 606
Mopsuestia, taken by Arabs, 410
Mopsuestia, Bishop of. See Theodore
Moralia, of Gregory the Great, 238 sq. , 260
Morea, the Milengi in, 438
Morocco, 377; kingdom of the Idrisids in,
379
M6r-rigu, Irish war-goddess, 477
■Moselle, Biver, 123, 158, 459
Moses, 144
Mount h, 512
Monnus, god, 474
Moyenmontier, monastery of, 148
Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, Caliph, 318,340;
captures Caesarea, 345; nominated gover-
nor of Syria, 346; takes Cyprus, 352,
393; in Armenia, 353, 393 sq. ; attacks
Constantinople, 354,397; death, ib. , 359;
356; opposes Ali, 357; proclaimed caliph,
358; administrative ability, ib. ; 360;
work of, 361; 367; and the raid on
Sicily, 380; renews war, 396
Mu'awiya II, Caliph, short reign and death,
360
Mu'awiya ibn Hudaij, governor of Africa,
367 sq. ; and the raid on Sicily, 380
Muerdea, 505
Mufarrij ibn Salim, forms an independent
state at Bari, 386
Mugillo, victory of Totila at, 16
Muhajir ibn Abi Umayya, 336
Muhajirun, the, 333, 358
Muirchu Maccu-Machtheni, cited, 503
Mu'izz, Fatimite ruler, founds Cairo, 379
Mukaukis, the, legend of, 350
Mukhtar, leader of the Shiite insurrection,
359, 361
Mul, under-king of Kent, killed, 560
Mummolus, general of King Guntram,
drives back the Lombards, 198
Munda, Biver. See Mondego
Mundus, general, quells the Nika Biot, 9
Mungo. See Kentigem
Munusa, Berber chief, revolt of, 376
Murcia, 163, 167
Musii al-Ash'ari, represents Ali at court of
arbitration, 357
Mus'ab, brother of Zubair, defeated, 361
Mus'ab ibn 'Umair, disciple of Mahomet,
sent to Medina, 312
Musa ibn Nusair, governor of Mauretania,
184; invades Spain, 185, 371 sq. ; pro-
claims the Caliph sovereign of Spain, 186;
recalled, 373; 380
C. MED. II. VOL. II.
Muslim Empire, the, 323, 327
Muslims, the, defeated by Charles Martel,
129; invading Spain, are defeated, 179;
intrigue with Jews, 181; invade Spanish
coast, 182; destroy Visigothio kingdom,
183sqq. ; 227; chs. x, n, and xnpassim;
as authorities for life of Mahomet, 302;
305; term explained, 309 note; leave
Mecca for Medina, 313; marauding raids
of, 316 sq. ; at the battle of Badr, 317;
at the battle of Uhud, 318; at the siege
of Medina, 320; at Mu'ta, 323 sq. ; at
Hunain, 325; importance of the Pilgrim-
age for unity among, 326; and the
Calendar, 327; 332; attack Borne, 385;
606; 690 sq. , 698
Musok, 453
Mu'ta, battle of, 323 sq. , 335, 339 sq.
Muthanna ibn Haritha, Arab chief, 338 sq. ;
defeats the Persians, 346
Mut'im ibn 'Adi, protects Mahomet, 311,
313 note
Mysia, 288
Mzab, 378
Mzhezh, proclaimed emperor, 395; executed,
ib. ; 398
Nab, Biver, boundary between Avars and
Bavarians, 436, 439
Nachcavan, 293
Naerum (Niartharum), 484
Nafusa Mts, 366
Nahanavarli, the, 485
Nahrawan, destruction of the secessionists
at, 357
Nahr Wan Canal, 298
Na'ila, Meccan goddess, 325
Naissus, 33
Najran, Arab Christians in, 303
Nakhla, raid of Muslims on Kuraish cara-
van at, 316
Nan6. See Anagni
Nantes, church built at, 157
Nantes, Bishop of. See Felix
Nantlleu, 472
Naples, seized by Belisarius, 15; taken by
Totila, 16; 23; becomes commercial
port, 24; siege of, 198; Duke of Bene-
vento attacks, 201, 244; Constat)s II
retreats to, 205, 394; exarch lands at,
212; dwatw of, 228; power of the bishop
in, 229; power of the dux in, 234; 235;
248; asks help of Saracens, 383; 385;
plundered by Saracens, 386; 443; in-
dependence of the Duke of, 693
Naples, Andreas, Duke of, seeks help of
Saracens, 383
Napoleon HI, Emperor of the French,
694
Narbonensis II, 145
Narbonne, captured by Ostrogoths, 114; held
by Arabs, 129, 374; 142; a metropolitan
see, 145; trade of, 155; colony of Jews
at, 156; 160; Gisalic defeated near, 161;
Amalaric defeated near, 162; 166 sq. ;
55


## p. 866 (#898) ############################################

866
Indea:
179, 182; Arabs abandon, 375; resists
Frankish attack, 582; taken by the
Franks, 593; Arab army reaches, 605
Narbonne, Bishops of. See Athelocus,
Argebald
Narni, captured, 212; surrendered by Ais-
tulf, 216, 590
Narses, the eunuch, success of, 11 sq. ;
sent to Italy, 15; successful against
Totila, 17; completes conquest of the
Goths in Italy, 18; 21; promoted by
Theodora, 26; and the Lombard con-
tingent, 195; saga of, explained, 196;
organises defence of the frontiers in Italy,
225; 226, 263
Narses, a general of the Emperor Maurice,
Gregory the Great writes to, 239; in
command on Persian frontier, 280; 283;
revolts against Phocas, 285; surrenders,
ib. ; burnt, ib.
Narses, governor of Constantina, 278
Natfraich, king of Munster, and St Patrick,
507
Navarre, invaded by sons of Clovis, 162;
175
Navia, River, 166
Naxos, Pope Martin at, 401
Nea Justinianopolis, founded, 407
Nechtansmere, Ecgfrith defeated and slain
at, 559
Nennius, unreliability of record of, 497
Neocorus, cited, 633
Nepi, Toto, Duke of, makes Constantine
pope, 696
Neptune, 485
Nero, Emperor, Chilperic compared to, 122
Nerses, Catholicus, supports Synod of
Chalcedon, 403
Nerthus, goddess, 484 sqq.
Nestor, Russian historian, cited, 481 sq.
Nestorians, the, punishment of, 108
Nestorius, Bishop of Constantinople, 688
Netherby, inscriptions at, 475 sq.
Nether Croy Farm, inscription at, 476
Netley, Boniface a monk at, 697
Netta-Segamonas, 473
Neuburg on the Danube, made a bishopric,
539
Neuchâtel, Lake of, Brunhild captured near,
123; 137
Neustria, Chilperic's successes in, 122; rule
of Fredegund in, 123; Chlotar II in, ib. ;
rule of Dagobert in, 125; 126; struggle
of Pepin and Berthar in, 127; forced to
acknowledge Charles Martel, 128; con-
ferred on Pepin, 130; 136, 206, 256;
synod held for, 540; 549, 592 sq. ; as-
signed by Pepin to Charles, 594 sq. ; and
Boniface, 698; assigned to Carloman,
701; Charles the Great in, 704
Neustrians, the, defeated by Charles Martel,
128
Nevers, bishopric created at, 142
Newcastle-on-Tyne, 476,529
Newington in Kent, inscription at, 475
Niall, father of Loigaire, 506
Nia-Sedhamain, 473
Nicaea, Justinian II at, 412; Anastasiusº
416
Nice, Arab pirates reach, 381
Nicephorus I, Eastern Emperor, and Char's
the Great, 624
Nicephorus, patrician, 395;
Sapor, 397; 413
Nicetas, commands expedition against Pº.
cas, 287; made comes ercubitorum, 289;
rescues holy relics at Jerusalem, 23;
291; abandons defence of Alexandra.
292
sent again:
Nicetius, Bishop of Trèves, castle of, 158
Nicolas, St, Slav worship of, 425
Nicolas I, Pope, supreme position of,685s.
Nicomedia, Heraclius at, 293; Justinian II
meets Pope Constantine at, 412; Leo st
417
Nicopolis, fort at, 33
Niduari, Niduarian Picts, name explained.
511; conversion of, 512
Niebuhr, B. G. , discovery of palimpsest ºf
61
Niemen, River, 419, 427
Nihâwand, battle of, 348
Nika Riot, the, causes, 8; incidents, 8 sq.
26, 38,273
Nikiou, Bonosus at, 287; 290; taken ºf
Saracens, 351
Nile, River, 35, 271, 287; the Persists
advance up, 290; ns cross, 351
Nimes, retaken from Franks, 114; amphº-
theatre burnt, 129; 142, 179, 259; origin
of, 460; inscription at, 474; Arabs ex-
pelled from, 582
Nimes, Hilderic, Count of, rebels agains
Wamba, 179
Nimis, Arnefrit of Friuli defeated and killed
at, 205
Nineveh, battle of, 298
Nini, River, 370
Ninian (Nynias), St, Bishop of Candis
Casa (Whithern), 499, 505, 510: life and
work of, 511 sq.
Nisan, 520
Nisibis, threatened, 7; Persian ambassadº
stopped at, 267; imperial army attacks.
272; 275; 277 note; 285
Nith, River, 511
Nivelle, abbey of, founded, 126
Njörd, Scandinavian god, 484 sq. , 492
Nobadae, 35
Nodons (Nodens), god, 474, 479
Nogent-sur-Marne, 115
Nordalbingia, robbed of inhabitants, 613;
614
Nordgau, the, resigned by Odilo, 131. 5s
Norfolk, 639
Noricum, outside Roman Empire, is
Lombards settle in, 19, 195, 225; St See
rinus in, 534
Norman Conquest, the, 551, 647, 651
Normandy, 466


## p. 867 (#899) ############################################

Indea:
867
Normans, the, and the conquest of Sicily,
383, 387 sq. ; serve in Byzantine army,
389; invited to Sicily, 390; 485, 488
Norns, the, 486 sq.
Nortabtrezi, the, 437 mote
Northamptonshire, Roman remains found
in, 501; 528, 545, 551
Northmen, Norsemen, the, 429, 433, 457,
568, 645
North Sea, the, 194, 545; boundary of
empire of Charles the Great, 615
Northumberland, ancient inscriptions in,
474 sq.
Northumbria, 515; conversion of, 522 sqq. ;
and the missionaries from Iona, 526, 545;
sends missionaries to Mercia, 528; Agil-
bert in, 530; 543; renews struggle for
supremacy, 545; 546; 548; increase and
decline of, 552, 559; ecclesiastical struggle
in, 553 sq. ; 556; decline of, 562, 564;
565; Bede pleads for church reform in, 574
Northumbrians, the, 491
Norway, heathenism in, ch. xv (c) passim;
512; land law in, 634; 652
Norwegians, the, 485, 490 sq.
Notitia Galliarum, cited, 142
Notker the Stammerer, Monk of St Gall,
cited, 609, 625 sq. , 680
Nottinghamshire, 557
Nova Justiniana. See Justiniana Prima
Novara, Ansprand defeated near, 210; ac-
knowledges Frankish dominion, 606
Novellae, of Justinian, 4, 38, 43, 62
Noyon, made a bishopric, 534
Noyon, Bishop of. See Eligius
Nuada, 474, 477
Nubia, Christian missions to, 46
Nubians, the, ‘Abdallāh makes a treaty
with, 352
Nudd, 474, 477
Numa Pompilius, 464
Numidia, revolt of Aures in, 13; again
included in the Empire, 14; forms a
military district, 21; fortresses in, 22;
cities founded in, 24; 35; 224; survival
of Donatism in, 252; 402
Numidia, Bishop of. See Paul
Nunna, under-king of Sussex, 560
Nuremberg, 438
Nursia, 148; taken by Lombards, 198
Nutshall (Nutsall, Netley, or Nursling? ),
Winfrid educated at, 536
Nymphius, River, Romans routed at, 277
note; 278 sq.
Nymphs, the, goddesses, 476
Nyons, 142
Obodrites (Obodritzi), the, 438, 444, 454;
clan names among, 454 note; allied with
the Franks, 614; reject Christianity, ib.
Obsequium, 396, 411; theme of, 415 sq.
Ochsenfurt, foundation of Boniface at, 537
Octavum, fort at, 33
Oder (Odra), River, 430; the Slavs reach,
435; Avars near, 436 sqq.
Oderzo, destroyed by Rothari, 203; razed
to the ground, 205
Odessa, 418
Odin (Wodan), 456, ch. xv (c) passim;
characteristics of, 482 sqq. , 543 sqq.
Odinsharg, 492
Odovacar, 195, 226, 688, 692, 705
Oengus, Martyrology of, cited, 505
Offa, King of Mercia, and Charlemagne,
563; reign of, 563 sq. ; makes the Dyke,
564; obtains a separate archbishopric for
Mercia, 565; death, ib. ; institutes Peter's
Pence, ib. ; 569 sq. , 574
Offa's Dyke, erected, 564
Ogier. See Autchar
Ogma, 477
Ohrdruff, foundation of Boniface at, 537
Oise, River, 115
Oka, River, 426
Olaf, St, King of Norway, qualities of Thor
attributed to, 482
Olaf, an early king of South Norway, legend
of, 487
Olban, count. See Julian
Old Carlisle, inscription at, 475
Old Germania, Old Germany, expansion of
the Slavs in, 435; of the Avars in,
436 sq. ; 454
Old Penrith, 475
Old Servian State, the, 440; described, 441
Old Wall, inscription at, 475
Oligitum (possibly modern Olite), fortress,
built by Swinthila, 175
Olite, 175
Olmund, son of Witiza, driven from Spain,
182 sq. ; helped by Arabs, 183 sq. ; re-
established at Seville, 186
Olympius, chamberlain and exarch, joins
papal party, 401
Olympius, praetorian praefect,
ambassador to Persians, 290
Omar (‘Umar) ibn al-Khattāb, Caliph, con-
verted by Mahomet's teaching, 311; 316;
and the treaty of Hudaibiya, 322; 325,
332; procures election of Abū Bakr, 333;
becomes caliph, 342; and the government
of Syria, 344 sq. ; nominates a successor,
346; and the government of Egypt, 352;
death, 354; austerity of rule, 355; work
of, 361; defects of fiscal system of, 362,
Sent as
376; 363 sq.
Omar II, Caliph, and the sale of land,
362 sq.
Omar, commander of the fleet, 417 º
Omignon, River, 127 2.
Omurtag, Bulgar khan, 443 f
Oporto (Portucale), victory of Leovigud at,
170 **
Oppas, Bishop of Seville (and Toledo), 182;
flees to Africa, 183; hel ºf Arab invasion
of Spain, 185; given of Toledo, 186
Orange (Arausio), takerſ by Theodoric, 117;
460; 484
Orbieu, River, bajºle fought at, 605
Orbigo, River, 1966
55–2
/
/




## p. 868 (#900) ############################################

868
Indear
Ordericus Vitalis, cited, 456
Orense, province, 167
Oretani, 167
Oriel, 507
Origen, cited, 496, 509
Origines sive Etymologiae, of Isidore of
Seville, 192
Orkney Islands, the, St Kentigern said to
have sent missionaries to, 512
Orleans, church council held at, 116; capital
ºnlºomi, ib. ; 117; trade of, 156;
4
Orleans, Bishop of. See Theodulf
Orleans, Fifth Council of, on the election
and consecration of bishops, 143
Ormizd, King of Persia, accession, 275;
refuses to give up Dara, ib. ; severity of,
results in a revolt, 279; dethroned, 280;
assassinated, ib.
Orosius, Paulus, 192
Orospeda Mts, 167
Orvieto, occupied by Lombards, 202
Osimo, Liutprand at, 212
Oskol, River, 426
Osrhoene, 33; Monophysites in, 44
Osric, King of Deira, slain, 525
Ossero, burnt by Saracens, 384
Osset, Castle of. See San Juan de Alfarache
Osterabtrezi, the, 437 note
Ostia, the Saracens at, 385
Ostrogoths, the, in Italy, 6, 9, 11; neutral
in African war, 12; at war with the
Empire, 15 sq. ; crushed, 17 sq. ; laws
for, 57 sq. ; 113; help Visigoths, 114;
retain Provence, ib. , 118; 119, 138;
occupy Visigothic territory, 161 sq. ; 224;
579 sq. , 597; influence of Rome on, 702
Oswald, St, King of the Northumbrians,
victorious at Heavenfield, 525, 545;
invites missionaries from Iona, 526, 545;
and Aidan, 526 sq. , 545; slain at Maser-
field, 527, 546; his head preserved into
modern times, ib. ; 553
Oswestry, 546
Oswin, King of Deira, slain, 527, 529, 546
Oswy (Oswiu), King of Northumbria, marries
Eanfled, 527; reunites Bernicia and
Deira, ib. ; 528; 529, 546; defeats Penda,
547; thank-offering made by, 550; an-
nexes territory, 551; begins the conversion
of Mercia, ib. ; greatness and decline of,
552; 553; and the Synod of Whitby,
554; and Wilfrid, 555 sq. ; death, 556;
558
Otford, battle of, 564
Othman, Caliph, and the government of
Egypt, 352; murdered, 353, 356, 367,
394; elected caliph, 355; nepotism of,
ib. , 358; 3r"
Othman (“Utºãn) ibn ‘Affan, envoy of
Mahomet, at Mecca, 322
Othman, occupies Sisium, 412
Otranto, besieged by "otila, 16 sq. ; Liut-
prand of Benevento takes refuge at, 217
Otricoli, attacked by Lombards, 219
Ottar, a hero of the Edda, 485
Otto II, Emperor, defeated by Saraces,
388
Otto III, Emperor, visits the tomb of Char's
the Great, 625
Otto of Bamberg, Slav apostle, 454 sq. mºe
Otto, Count of Lomello, his account of the
visit of Otto III to the tomb of Charles
the Great, 625
Oudoceus, Bishop of Llandaff, 499
Oundle, monastery founded at, 530; Wilfº
at, 559; Wilfrid dies at, 562
Overborough, inscription at, 474
Oviedo, forms an independent state, 15.
178
Oxford, 546
Oxfordshire, 553, 564
Pacatiana, 39
Pachomius, St, founder of monachism ir
Upper Egypt, influence of, on Europes:
monks, 147
Pactum Ludovicianum, considered genuirº
588 mote
Pactum Pipini, 585 note
Paderborn, Diet held at (777), 604, Ell
(785) 605, 612; Charles the Great receives
the Pope at, 619, 704
Padarn, a pilgrim to Jerusalem, 499
Padua, resists Lombard attack, 196; taker
by Lombards, 201
Paganism, in Arabia, 303; in the Britis:
Isles, ch. xv (B); in Gaul, ch. xv. 1;
in Scandinavia, ch. xv (c); of the Saxºns
610 sq. , 613
Palastolum, 281
Palatine at Rome, the, 462
Palencia, forms an independent state, 155:
taken by Leovigild, 166
Palermo, taken by Saracens, 382; 383:
prosperity of, 389
Palestine, Monophysitesin, 44; earthquake
in, 51; 284; overrun by the Persians,
285,290; 303; Arab raid into, 340 sqq. ,
the Mardaites invade, 397; British pº
grims in, 499
Palladius, first bishop in Ireland, 50. 2 sq. ;
said to have visited Scotland, 506, 510
Palladius, Rutilius Taurus Aemiliams,
Historia Lausiaca of, cited, 499
Palmyra, fortress at, 33; 339
Pamber, 572
Pampeluna, seized by sons of Clovis, 182:
besieged and captured by Charles tº
Great, 604; its fortifications razed, 505
606
Pamphilus, demarch, suspected of treasoe,
286
Pamphylia, 39, 397
Pannonia, outside Roman Empire, is
Lombards in, 19, 35, 194, 225; Lombark
bring herds from, to Italy, 197; Ams
in, 203; Slav and Avar raids in. º.
Avars refuse territory in, 435; 436; Sas
transplanted to, 437; the Franksin, 6. 8


## p. 869 (#901) ############################################

Indea:
869
Pantaleo, praetorian praefect, and Gregory
the Great, 252
Pantellaria, island, taken by Arabs, 381
Papacy, the, and the Henotikon controversy,
1, 5 sq. ; and Justinian, 27, 44 sqq. ; and
the Three Chapters controversy, 47;
humiliation of, in struggle with Justinian,
48; and the Frankish Church, 145 sqq. ,
256; growth of the temporal power of,
231–5; beset by the barbarians, 242; and
the Franks, 258 sq. ; strong position
gained under Gregory the Great, 261;
and the conversion of England, 515; and
the Keltic missionaries, 533; and organ-
isation of missionary effort, 536; and the
church in Scotland, 545; replaces imperial
authority in Rome, 577 sqq. ; and Charles
the Great, 615; 617; ch. xx11 passim;
and the Eastern Emperors, 688–692; and
the Lombards, 692–696; and the Franks,
696; 706
Papal Book, the, cited, 620 sq.
Paphlagonia, Persian army in, 285; 395,
413
Papinian (Aemilius Papinianus), jurist,
work of, 55; 58, 61, 80
Pappua, Mt, Gelimer defeated near, 13
Parades, 166
Paradise Lost, 117
Paris, taken by Clovis, 111; made seat of
government, 115; capital of Childebert,
116, 119; Chilperic at, 121 sq. ; 134, 147,
§ 156 sq. , 163; Augustine at, 255;
2
Paris, Bishop of. See Eusebius
Parma, subjected to Lombards, 201; duke
of, taken prisoner, ib. ; 588, 599
Parrett, River, frontier of Wessex, 552;
564
Paschalis, primicerius notariorum, arranges
the attack on Leo III, 703
Passau, made a see, 538; sends missionaries
to the Avars, 609
Passau, Bishop of. See Wivilo
Passio S. Albani, 497
Pastoral Care of Gregory the Great, 260
Patrick, St (Patricius, 497), incident in life
of, 478; 499; visit to Ireland in boyhood,
502; legends of, 503; 504 sq. ; work
in Ireland, 506 sq.
Patzinaks, the, 423, 428, 443
Paul, St, appears to Constantine in a dream,
585
Paul I, Pope, writes to intercede with Pepin
for Lombard hostages, 217 sq. ; makes a
compact with the Lombards, 218; death,
ib. ; ambassador for Stephen II, 215, 582;
and the Donation of Constantine, 586 and
note; accession, 591, 696; death, ib. ;
694, 700
Paul, Patriarch of Antioch, 398
Paul II, Patriarch of Constantinople, ap-
pointed,392; and Pope Theodore,400 sq. ;
condemned by synod at Rome, 401, 404;
death, 402
Paul III, Patriarch of Constantinople, a
Trullan Council, 408
Paul, Bishop of Numidia, and the Dona-
tists, 253
Paul, Bishop of Thessalonica, deposed, 401
Paul, Monophysite leader, and Heraclius,
398
Paul, jurist, work of, 55, 58, 60
Paul, monk, encourages revolt of Leontius,
409
Paul the Deacon, cited, 241, 244, 443, 692;
History of the Lombards of, cited, 249 sq.
Paulinus, Bishop of York, missionary to
England, 518; made bishop of York,
522; converts Northumbria, 522 sq. ;
flight, 524, 544 sq. ; made bishop of
Rochester, 526; 545, 555
Pauli Sententiae, legal work, 55, 58
Paulus, Exarch of Ravenna, plots to murder
Gregory II, 695
Paulus, general, incites Septimania to re-
bellion, 179; 180
Paulus Afiarta, papal chamberlain, leads
Lombard party in Rome against Christo-
phorus, 218,696; put to death, 219, 702;
696
Paulus Emilius, Chronicle of, cited, 174
Pavia (Ticinum), siege of, 196; Cleph made
king by the Lombards at, 197; 200;
Edictus of Rothari confirmed at, 203;
Catholic church built at, 204; bishop of,
converted to Catholicism, ib.