very often happens that we are
indebted
to the
casual circumstance of a person living to a great age,
PERSONS.
casual circumstance of a person living to a great age,
PERSONS.
Caulfield - Portraits, Memoirs, of Characters and Memorable Persons
Portraits, memoirs, and characters, of remarkable persons, from
the revolution in 1688 to the end of the reign of George II. Collected
from the most authentic accounts extant. By James Caulfield.
Caulfield, James, 1764-1826. London, T. H. Whitely, 1819-20.
http://hdl. handle. net/2027/yale. 39002004920444
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YALE LIBRARY
UNIVERSITY
WlI^IilAM AI. 1I>1« IIJ) GK .
PORTRAITS, MEMOIRS,
REMARKABLE PERSONS,
REVOLUTION in 1688
END OF THE REIGN OF GEORGE II.
COLLECTED FROM THE MOST AUTHENTIC ACCOUNTS EXTANT.
JAMES CAULFIELD. IN FOUR VOLUMES.
VOL. I.
LONDON:
PUBLISHED BY H. R. YOUNG, 56, PATERNOSTER-ROW ; AND
T. H. WHITELY, J 03, NEWGATE-STREET.
1819.
v. LEWIS, PRINTER, FINCH-LANB, CORNHILL, LONDON.
ADVERTISEMENT.
1 HERE are no description of persons who
excite public curiosity more than those who have been ushered into notice by circum
stances of peculiar notoriety,
such as have not been restrained by the laws of their country, or influenced by the common obligations of society. Men, whose daring
enterprise and deep cunning might, properly cultivated, and differently directed, have ren dered them the brightest ornaments of the age
in which they lived ; and Whitney, Jack Shep- pafd, or Turpin, (common thieves) instead of the ignominious fate which attended them, ihight have emulated the extolled deeds of
a Marlborough or a Wellington; and, like thetii, have enjoyed similar honours. As might Bamfylde Moore Carew, in negociation and
VOL. I.
a
particularly
vi
ADVERTISEMENT.
equalled or excelled Lord Castlereagh or Mr. George Canning ; and why
contrivance, have
and ability, as a counsellor, have vied with any
not
George
Barrington, for ingenuity
pleader who has
himself at the bar. Of another description of
advocate or
persons, James Bick the mimic trumpeter,
Grinner, stage, have been formidable rivals in repute with Mathews
celebrated Oxford might, if exhibited on a public
and Isaac the
distinguished
and Grimaldi.
different are the multitude who are noticed only as instances of the deviation of nature, such as giants, dwarfs, strong men, personal deformity, &c. In like manner are
distinguished those persons who have lived to
an
extraordinary
Very
age; others, as empirics and quacks, buffoons, prize-fighters, and ad
serve but to' fill up the class of
venturers,
Remarkable Characters; and if
eccentricity of manners characterises another description
ADVERTISEMENT. VU
of persons, that very eccentricity entitles them to a place in the present work.
The period in which many of the persons lived who are commemorated in this under
taking, is perhaps the most eventful in the annals of British history. England witnessed the ascent to its throne of two different families, in the short space of twenty-six years. The revolution of 1688 gave to the country, as its king, William Prince of Orange, after wards William IIL and, on the demise of Queen Anne, the succession was vested in the house of Brunswick, by the accessiou of George I. Party-strife ran so high on this
event taking place, that it ultimately ended
open rebellion. And, men of the most exalted rank, and of the highest consideration
in the country, were, with numbers of infe rior note, alike made examples of; and the axe and the gibbet became as much in re-.
a2
in
viii
ADVERTISEMENT.
quest as when the strife for sovereignty, existed between the contending houses of York and Lancaster.
It is an extraordinary circumstance, that among the many collected lives of highway men, and other notorious offenders, that what ever embellishments by plates, which have hitherto accompanied the accounts, they have
been given from the invention of
invariably
the artist, without the least, regard to
the personal resemblance of the party described
iu the narrative. In Johnson's highwaymen, &c. (now an uncommon
though pensive
embellished with numerous and. ex plates, there is not. one through out the work that is a faithful representation
of the person, even in the article of dress, much less of their physiognomy and general
character. Mull'd Sack, the cess, Whitney, Jonathan Wild,
German Prin Jack Sheppard,
history qf book,)
ADVERTISEMENT. ix
and Sarah Malcolm's transactions, are delineated entirely by scenic views of their robberies and
subsequent
The only cause that can be assigned for this palpable error, is the uncommon rarity of the true prints. That of MuU'd Sack, in particular, has been sold at a public auction for upwards of forty guineas ; Whitney, copied
in this collection, is considered to be unique ;
William Joy, the English samson; Jonathan
Wild, with the ticket to his funeral ; Turpin in
his cave ; Old Harry, with his raree-show ;
Guy, founder of Guy's Hospital, writing his will ; and many others, interspersed throughout
the work, are likewise taken from originals of the greatest scarcity and value ; and not a life or character is recorded, but is accompanied by a portrait of unquestioned authenticity.
JAMES CAULFIELD
executions.
CONTENTS.
REIGX OF WILLIAM
Aldridge, William, an aged Wheelwright Atkins, William, an eccentric Gout-doctor
Baskerville, Thomas, a whimsical Enthusiast
III.
Pag*
Bigg, John, the Dinton Hermit
Brown, Thomas, a Facetious Writer
D'Urfey, Thomas, a Humorous Poet Fenwick, Sir John, executed for High -treason Gale, John, a singular Deaf and Dumb Man Hermon, Philip, a visionary Quaker
. Johnston, Sir John, executed for stealing an Heiress
Joy, William, the English Samson . Radcliffe, John, an extraordinary Physician Rymer, Thomas, a Critic and Compiler Tryon, Thomas, a singular Enthusiast
.
.
.
.
Whitney, James, an extraordinary Highwayman K£IGN OF QUEEN ANNE.
JEsop of Eton, a rhyming Cobler
Biek, James, a Mimic Trumpeter . Britton, Thomas, a Musical Small Coal-man Burgess, Daniel,. a Pulpit Buffoon
Dennis, John, a sour and severe Critic
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
, 1 . 3 . 6 . 9
. 12 . 16 . 19
. 25
. 28
¦ 31 . 37 . 44 . 50
. 54 57
. 73 . 75 . 77 . 82
. 86
.
.
XU CONTENTS.
Evans, Henry, an aged Welshman . Fletcher, Andrew, a turbulent Republican - Defoe, Daniel, a Political Writer and Novelist Granny, a drunken half-blind Woman Hardman, John, a singular Corn-cutter
.
Page . 91
. 94 . 99 . 1 03 . 106
. 109 . 112 . 116 . 118 . 120
. 129 . 132 . 134 . 1 37
, 141 . 147 . 149 . 153 . 163
Harry, an Old Raree-show-man
Hart, Nicholas, a Great Sleeper
Isaac, the Oxford Grinner
Keiling, John, an extraordinary Street Musician King Edward, Abel Roper's Man . Poro, James, an extraordinary Twin
.
.
. Yorkshire Nan, Prince George's Cap Woman
.
. .
Read, Sir William, a Quack Oculist
Roper, Abel, a Political Bookseller
Sacheverel, Henry, a Seditious Preacher
Scrimshaw, Jane, an aged Pauper
"futchin, John, a Seditious Writer
Valerius, John, born without arms
White, Jeremiah, humorous chaplain to Oliver Cromwell
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
.
MEMOIRS
REMARKABLE
WiilUum
It [WILLIAM III. very often happens that we are indebted to the
casual circumstance of a person living to a great age,
PERSONS.
mtfvUfQt,
personal
perpetuity of their likenesses being handed down to
deformity, size, or other chances, for the
posterity.
in whose character there appears noithing more parti cular than of his living to the very advanced age of 1 14- years. He was by profession a wheelwright, and
resided at Acton, in Middlesex, and was buried there November 21st, 1698.
The portrait from which this print was engraved, was painted two years before his death, and was in the possession of his great grandson, Mr. Thomas
VOL. I. B
Such was the case with 5filham Aldridge,
2 MEMOIRS OF [william hi.
Aldridge, vestry-clerk of Acton parish, where the family have been established upwards of a century. The portrait has the appearance of a hale man of
sixty, rather than that of 112, which was his age at the period it was painted. He was buried under a
tomb in the cemetery, the inscription upon gives his age one year older.
which
WILI. ? ^
'Gout Doctor. )
A. T'KI]? ^S,
WILLIAM III. ] REMArRKABLE PERSONS.
^Killtam nt^im, THE GOUT DOCTOR.
Of all thej diseases incident to the, human frame the Gout, (to those who are afflicted ; with itj) is the most vexatious, painful, and tormenting in the cata logue of evils attendiant on man; and no complaint has created more quacks, fo tamper with, and poison the constitutiiQja with- sovereign remedies, than this.
Among the, first-rate of . tjies^ eiliimrics . naay rank William Atki|! ,s,. "whose renovating elixir restored pristine youth, and vigour to the patient, however old or decayed,^' and -whose vivifying drops inf^i/Uibly cured imbecility in men, and barrenness, in 'women ; he resided in the Qld Bailey, and was, (in his own conceit) the Solomon ofthe day ; his bills exceeded all others, in extravagant assertions and impudence ;
to, declare he had raised a woman from a fit of the dead palsy, and . rendered her
capable of walking immediately.
This wonderful great man was short in stature, fat,
and waddled as he walked ; he always wore a white B2
he even had the audacity
4 ll^EMdllft* OF
[VfrtLLiA'»i ill.
three-tailed wig, nicely combed and frizzed upon each cheek. He generally carried a cane, but a hat never. He was represented oh the top of his own bills sitting in an arm-chair, holding a bottle between his finger and thumb, surrounded with rotten teeth, nippers, pills, packets, and gally-pots.
Atkins boasted of his humility in using a hackney- coach instead of keeping one of his own; but what would he have said, dr thought, had he lived in the
pf^sent rimes, to see that carriages and eqliipaige ar6 as 'e'sseiritial in the tfade of a quack-doctb'r as the distribution of their hand-bills in every street ihrdughout the metropolis ; ri^y, most of these gentry that are successful, have their country-seats and parks; and, in 'tWir tables and company, vie with the first nobility, and people of rank and fashion ; Gilead House, the Seat of Dr. Soloinon, near Liver pool, has beefn dediiied important ehoilgh tb fa's
'ehgra\red Eriglahd.
ahd published, to adoi'h the Beauties bif
Somie of Atkihs's medicines %ere coihpbSed thirty different ingrediehts! what hope retliaitied fbr an individual assailed by so many enettiies united?
A fei^ years since flourished, near Leicester-sqUare, a
German quack, Dr. Delalina, who prtjtended
of
to
WILLIAM III. ] REMARKABLE PERSONS. 5
eradicate the gout from any person, however aged or infirm, in six visits. —The well-known French remedy has been found, by sad experience, not only to eradi cate the gout, but likewise the lives of most persons who have been desperate enough to venture on that fatal remedy.
MEMOIRS OF [WILLIAM iii.
This whimsical enthusiast, who affected manners and habits peculiarly his own, was born and resided at a place called Bayworth, in the parish of Sunning- well,' near Abingdon. — In his younger days he was
considered a person of learning and curious research, and was author of a journal of his own travels through a great part of England^ in the years 1677 and 1678, still existing in manuscript. — He was well known to the Oxford Students, who, from his dry, droll, and formal appearance, gave him tbe nickname of the King of Jerusalem, he being of a religious turn, and constantly speaking of that heavenly city ; a pretention to inherit which, he founded on what he Styled his regeneration or second birth, in the year 1666, as may be gathered from his own poetic lines, inserted under his portrait :—
As shadows fly , so houres dye.
very often happens that we are indebted to the
casual circumstance of a person living to a great age,
PERSONS.
mtfvUfQt,
personal
perpetuity of their likenesses being handed down to
deformity, size, or other chances, for the
posterity.
in whose character there appears noithing more parti cular than of his living to the very advanced age of 1 14- years. He was by profession a wheelwright, and
resided at Acton, in Middlesex, and was buried there November 21st, 1698.
The portrait from which this print was engraved, was painted two years before his death, and was in the possession of his great grandson, Mr. Thomas
VOL. I. B
Such was the case with 5filham Aldridge,
2 MEMOIRS OF [william hi.
Aldridge, vestry-clerk of Acton parish, where the family have been established upwards of a century. The portrait has the appearance of a hale man of
sixty, rather than that of 112, which was his age at the period it was painted. He was buried under a
tomb in the cemetery, the inscription upon gives his age one year older.
which
WILI. ? ^
'Gout Doctor. )
A. T'KI]? ^S,
WILLIAM III. ] REMArRKABLE PERSONS.
^Killtam nt^im, THE GOUT DOCTOR.
Of all thej diseases incident to the, human frame the Gout, (to those who are afflicted ; with itj) is the most vexatious, painful, and tormenting in the cata logue of evils attendiant on man; and no complaint has created more quacks, fo tamper with, and poison the constitutiiQja with- sovereign remedies, than this.
Among the, first-rate of . tjies^ eiliimrics . naay rank William Atki|! ,s,. "whose renovating elixir restored pristine youth, and vigour to the patient, however old or decayed,^' and -whose vivifying drops inf^i/Uibly cured imbecility in men, and barrenness, in 'women ; he resided in the Qld Bailey, and was, (in his own conceit) the Solomon ofthe day ; his bills exceeded all others, in extravagant assertions and impudence ;
to, declare he had raised a woman from a fit of the dead palsy, and . rendered her
capable of walking immediately.
This wonderful great man was short in stature, fat,
and waddled as he walked ; he always wore a white B2
he even had the audacity
4 ll^EMdllft* OF
[VfrtLLiA'»i ill.
three-tailed wig, nicely combed and frizzed upon each cheek. He generally carried a cane, but a hat never. He was represented oh the top of his own bills sitting in an arm-chair, holding a bottle between his finger and thumb, surrounded with rotten teeth, nippers, pills, packets, and gally-pots.
Atkins boasted of his humility in using a hackney- coach instead of keeping one of his own; but what would he have said, dr thought, had he lived in the
pf^sent rimes, to see that carriages and eqliipaige ar6 as 'e'sseiritial in the tfade of a quack-doctb'r as the distribution of their hand-bills in every street ihrdughout the metropolis ; ri^y, most of these gentry that are successful, have their country-seats and parks; and, in 'tWir tables and company, vie with the first nobility, and people of rank and fashion ; Gilead House, the Seat of Dr. Soloinon, near Liver pool, has beefn dediiied important ehoilgh tb fa's
'ehgra\red Eriglahd.
ahd published, to adoi'h the Beauties bif
Somie of Atkihs's medicines %ere coihpbSed thirty different ingrediehts! what hope retliaitied fbr an individual assailed by so many enettiies united?
A fei^ years since flourished, near Leicester-sqUare, a
German quack, Dr. Delalina, who prtjtended
of
to
WILLIAM III. ] REMARKABLE PERSONS. 5
eradicate the gout from any person, however aged or infirm, in six visits. —The well-known French remedy has been found, by sad experience, not only to eradi cate the gout, but likewise the lives of most persons who have been desperate enough to venture on that fatal remedy.
MEMOIRS OF [WILLIAM iii.
This whimsical enthusiast, who affected manners and habits peculiarly his own, was born and resided at a place called Bayworth, in the parish of Sunning- well,' near Abingdon. — In his younger days he was
considered a person of learning and curious research, and was author of a journal of his own travels through a great part of England^ in the years 1677 and 1678, still existing in manuscript. — He was well known to the Oxford Students, who, from his dry, droll, and formal appearance, gave him tbe nickname of the King of Jerusalem, he being of a religious turn, and constantly speaking of that heavenly city ; a pretention to inherit which, he founded on what he Styled his regeneration or second birth, in the year 1666, as may be gathered from his own poetic lines, inserted under his portrait :—
As shadows fly , so houres dye.
And ddyes do span the age ofman ; In Month o/ August twenty'nine, Ifirst began my Mourning time,
Thousand six hundred and ninety-nine.
'
. \
THOMAS
BASKERVILLE
WILLIAM III. ] REMARKABLE PERSONS. 7
Yet I drudge on as said before,
Ther's Time, when Time shall be no more,
A second BiaiH /
January Eleventh day.
In that circle Fifty-two Weeks,
. Thousand Six hundred Sixty-six
had
say,
A ray ofLight I
Enter my heart with heat and joy, Saying these words unto me then
King of Jerusalem.
The number of Sectaries that sprung up at the period Baskerville lived, without question bewildered a brain naturally not very strong ; Fox the Quaker, Naylor the blasphemer, Venner the Fifth Monarchy- man, Muggleton, and a whole tribe of Schismatic pre tenders to new-born lights, had each their several followers ; to one party or other it may naturally be imagined Baskerville inclined ; or he might probably feel inspired ; similar with Swendenbourg of latter days, to convey disciples to the new Jerusalem, by a path unknown to any other than himself.
His portrait, which exhibits a meagre, long, and mortified countenance, was engraved when he was in his 70th year. Over his monogram BM is inscribed two lines, doubtless of his own editing :—
Once I was alive, and had flesh to thrive, But now I am a skellitan. at 70.
I
saw that day,
8 MEMOIRS OF [WILLIAM III.
He affected most of the singularities which natu rally adhere to reclusive and habitual retirement, and lived to a very advanced age, dying aboi^t the year 1705.
Many of his MSS. went with the Harleian collec tion to the Brirish Museum.
WILLIAM in] REMARKABLE PERSONS.
THE DINTON HERMIT.
Many men from necessity, not choice, have as sumed singular habits, and manners, which have, from time immemorial, amused and instructed mankind: such a being was John Bigg. — Disappointed (no doubt) in his prospects through life, he became sulky^ and adopted a way of life he thought peculiarly his own ; in that, however,- he was mistaken ; as others, previous to his time, had taken the same course ; wit ness the hermits of La Trappe, Roger Crabb, of Uxbridge, who lived on three-farthings per day, and
other singular humourists, among whom may be remembered, of late days, Simon Eady the pauper of St. Giles's, with Mathews the Dulwich Hermit, found some few years back murdered in his cave. All that is left as a memorial of Bigg; is the following: — John Bigg, the Dinton Hermit, baptized 22d of April, 1629, buried 4th of April, 1696. Brojvne Willis gives the particulars of this 'man out of a lette? written
VOL. I. c
10 MEMOIRS OF [william ni.
to him by Thomas Hearne, dated Oxon, Feb. 12,
1712. He was formerly clerk to Simon Mayne, of Dinton, one of the judges who passed sentence on
King Charles I. He lived Dinton (county Bucks,) in a cave, had been, a man of tolerable wealth, was looked upon as a pretty good scholar, and of no con temptible parts. Upon the restoration he grew melan
choly, betook . himself to a recluse life, and. lived by charity, but never asked for; any thing but leather, which he would immediately nail to his cloathes. He kept three bottles, that hung; to his girdle, viz. for strong and small beer, and milk: his,shoes are. still
preserved ; they are very large, and made up of about a thousand patches of leather ; one of them is in the Bodlean Repository, the other in the collection of Sir John Vanhatten, of Dinton, who had his cave dug up some years since, in hopes of discovering something
relative to him, but without success. . The print of him is done from a picture in the possession of Scroop
Bernard, Esq. of Nether Winchendon, Bucks. <
time since it was reported the celebrated Margravine of Anspach proffered to any person who would lead a
recluse life, five hundred pounds annuity for life ; after period of seven years (during which rime they were to have no converse, or see mankind, and suffer
, Some
a
if,
WILLIAM ni. ] REMARKABLE PERSONS. 11
their hair and nails to grow untouched) they survived, but it does not appear any one was desperate enough in circumstances to undergo the ordeal. — It has befen
said a man endured this kind of life four years, but gave it up in despair.
c2
12
MEMOIRS OF
[william in.
-Thomas (commonly called Tori, ),,B. kp,tv,N; was the son of a considerable farmer of Shiffnall, in Shrop shire, and educated at Newport-school; in that county ; frpm. s whence he was removed to Christ-church, in
Oxford, where he soon distinguished himself by his uncommon- attainments in literature. He had great
parts and quickness of apprehension, ,nor does it appear that he was wanting in application^; for we are told, that he was very well skillfid in the Latin, Greek, French, Italian, and Spani^ languages, even before he was sent to Oxford. The irregularities of liis life did not suffer him, however^ tb continue long
at the university, but when obliged to quit he took advantage of remittance sent by his indulgent father, and thinking he had sufficiency of wit and learning, left Oxford for the capital, in hopes of making his fortune some way or other there. This scheme did not answer, and he was very soon in danger of starving upon which he made interest to be school
master of Kingston-upon-Thames, in which pursuit he succeeded. But this was profession very unsuit-
a
;
a
^
it,
THOMAS BROITK^ .
REMARKABLE PERSONS. 13
able to a man of his turn, and a situation that must needs have been extremely disagreeable to him ; and therefore we cannot wonder that he soon quitted this school, and returned again to London, where, finding his old companions more delighted with his humour than ready to relieve his necessities, he had recourse to his pen, and became an author, and partly a libel ler, by profession . He wrote a great variety of pieces, under the names of dialogues, letters, poems, &c. in all which he discovered no small erudition, and a vast and exuberant vein of humour ; for he was in his writings, as in his conversation, always lively and facetious. In the mean-time he made no other advan tage of these productions than what he derived from the booksellers ; for though they raised his reputation, and made his company sought after, yet, as he possessed less of the gentleman than wits usually do,
and more of the scholar, so he was not apt to choose his acquaintance by interest, but was more solicitous
recommended to the ingenious who might admire, than to the great who might relieve him. An anonymoifts author, who has given the world some account of Mr. Brown, says, that though a good- natured man, he had one pernicious quality, which was, rather to lose his friend than his joke. He had
WILLIAM iii. J
to be
14 MEMOIRS OF
[william hi.
a particular genius for satire, and dealt it but liberally
whenever he could find occasion. He is famed for
being the author of a libel, fixed one Sunday morning
on the doors of Westminster-abbey ; and of many others, agaiiist the clergy and quality. He used to
treat religion very lightly, and would often say, that he understood the world better than to have the impu tation of righteousness laid to his charge ; yet, upon
the approach of death, his heart misgave him, and he began to express sentiments of remorse for his past life.
Towards the latter end of Brown's life, we are informed by Mr. Jacob that he was in favor with the Earl of Dorset, who invited him to dinner on a Christmas-day, with Dryden, and some other men of genius ; when Brown, to his agreeable surprise, found a bank-note of 60l. under his plate ; and Dryden
at the same time was presented with another of 100/.
Brown died in 1704, and was interred
of Westminster-abbey, near the remains of Mrs. Behn, with whom he wae intimate in his life-time;
His whole works were printed in 1707, consisting of dialogues, essays, declamations, satires, letters from
the dead to the living, translations, amusements, &c; in 4, vols. ; there are several other editions ofhis works.
in the clbister
WILLIAM III. ] REMARKABLE PERSONS. 15
but all have become scarce, and have not been re printed for many years ; indeed, the indelicacy of many of his pieces preclude the likelihood of their ever appearing collectively before the public in a new edition ; his remains, in 2 vols, are very rare to be
met with, and abound with as much ribaldry and
as his other productions. Tom Brown thought it the. pinnacle of excellence to be thought " a merry fellow," and therefore laid out his powers upon small jests or gross buffoonery, so that his per formances have little intrinsic value, and were read
only while they were recommended by the novelty of the event that occasioned them. What sense or knowledge his works contain is disgraced by the garb in which it is exhibited. The Rev. Mr. Noble says,
he died in great poverty.
obscenity
16
MEMOIRS OF
[william hi.
¦. J
Thomas D'Urpey. , E^q. was originally intended
to have beeh-broaght up to the bar^ btit po^essing too
much wit to confine himself to •that ; dfy stbdy, and
too. little, to make a shining character in any other,
experienced ail the varied- fortunes of men who have
not great abilities, and whb trust entirely to their pens
for theif support and appearance through life. Very
little more is known of D'Urfey's origin and family
than, that he was a native of Devonshire. His plays,
which are numerous, were in their day 4cted with
considerable applause, but the low wit and humour
with which they abound, would not suit the taste of the present enlightened generation. He was, besides,
author of many small Poems, the chief "of which are collected in his most celebrated work of " Wit and Mirth, or Pills to purge Melancholy," in
6 vols. 12mo. which have now become
scarce. He has been compared to Colley Cibber,
but their wit^ and humour were
Oibber's writings keeping their reputation to the
extremely
widely different,
THOMAS D'URFEY.
REMARKABLE PERSONS. 17
present day, and are as much read as ever.
was admitted to great familiarity with King Charles the Second, and that merry monarch would often lean on his shoulder,
frequently amused and entertained Queen Anne, singing catches and glees ; yet, with all his gaiety and high acquaintance, poor Tom was always in straitened circumstances ; as a Tory he was very much caressed and beloved by his party, yet he was esteemed and respected by the Whigs.
The Author of the prologue to D'Urfey's last play thus speaks of him :—
" Though Tom the poet writ with ease and pleasure, " The comic Tom abounds in other treasure. "
Addison was well acquainted with him, and often pleaded successfully for his friend, when he became aged and in decayed circumstances ; — in one of his
papers he remarks, " He has made the world merry, and I hope they will make him easy, as long as he stays among us. This," adds he, " I will take upon me to say, they cannot do a kindness to a more cheer ful, honest, good-natured man. " D'Urfey died at a good old age, February ^6, 1723, and was buried in the cemetery of St. James's Church, Westminster.
VOL. I. D
WILLIAM III. J
andhumatunewithhim; hehas by
D'Urfey
18 MEMOIRS OF [william iij.
D'Urfey and Bello, a musician, had high words at Epsom, and swords were resorted to, but with great
caution. A brother wit maliciously compared this rencounter with that mentioned in Sir Philip Sidney's Arcadia, between Clinias and Dametas.
I sing of a duel in Epsom befel
'Twixt fa sol la D'Urfey and sol la mi Bell :
But why do I mention the scribbling brother?
For naming the one, you may guess at the other. Betwixt them there happened a terrible clutter.
Bell set up the loud pipes, and D'Urfey did splutter.
" Draw Bell, wert thou Dragon, I'd spoil thy soft notes :" " Thy squalling, said t'other, for I'll cut thy throat. "
With a scratch on the finger the duel's dispatch'd ;
Thy Clinias (O Sidney) was never so match'd.
WILLIAM III. ]
REMARKABLE PERSONS. 19
Sir John Fenwick, of Fenwick Castle, in the county of Northumberland, Bart, a man of consider able abilities, but- of; a profligate and restless dispo sition, commanded a regiment in
the service of William III. when Prince of Orange, in 1676. He was apprehended^ in. Kent, when on his way to France, upon suspicion of being engaged in a plot to
assassinate the; king. ' Oh his. being taken into cus tody, he (wrotea letter to his lady, setting forth his
miatbrtune, andgiviing himself for dead, unless; power ful applications) could be made for him, or that some of ;the jury co«M be hired: to starve out the rest; and
to that he ftdded, this or nothing can save my life. This letter was taken from the person to whom' he hadigi^ren it: at his first examination, before the lords-
jtis,|iees, he denied every thing', till he was shewed thi$M>letter; and then he was confounded. In his private treaty with the Duke ! of Devonshire, he desired an assurance of life, upon his promise to tell all he knew; but the king refused that, and would have it left to himself to judge of the truth and the
D2
20 MEMOIRS OF [william ni.
importance of the discoveries he should make. So he, resolving to cast himself on the king's mercy, sent him a paper, in which, after a bare account of the consultations among the Jacobites (in which he took care to charge none of his own party,) he said, that King James, and those who were emplbyed by him, had assured them, that both the Earls of Shrewsbury and Marlborough, the Lord Godolphin, and Admiral Russell, were reconciled to him, and were now in his interests, and acting for him. This was a discovery that could signify nothing, but to give the king a
jealousy of those persons ; for he did not offer the
or of
least shadow or circumstance, either of proof, presumption, to support this accusation. The king, not being satisfied herewith, sent an order for bringing him to a trial, unless he made other discoveries. He desired to be further examined by the lords-justices, to whom he, being upon oath, told some more parti culars, but he took care to name none of his own side, but those against whom evidence was already brought, or who were safe and beyond sea ; some few others he named, in matters of less consequence, that did not amount to high-treason ; he owned a thread of negociations that had passed between them and King James, or the court of France ; he said the Earl of
WILLIAM III. ] REMARKABLE PERSONS. 21
Aylesbury had gone over to France, and had been admitted to a private audience with the French king,
where he had proposed the sending over an army of 30,000 men ; and had undertaken that a great body of gentlemen and horses should be brought to join them; it appeared, by his discoveries, that the Jacobites in England were much divided. Some were called com pounders, and others non-compounders. The first sort desired securities from King James, for the pre servation of the religion and liberties of England ; whereas, the second sort were for trusting him upon discretion, without asking any terms, putting all in his power, and relying entirely on his honor and generosity. These seemed, indeed, to act more suitably to the great principle upon which they all insisted, that kings have their power from God, and are accountable only to him for the exercise of it. Dr. Lloyd, the deprived Bishop of Norwich, was the only eminent clergyman who joined in this; and, therefore, all that party had, upon Sancro/t's death, recommended him to King James, to have his nomina tion for Canterbury. Fenwick put all this in writing, upon assurance that he should not be forced to wit ness any part of it. When that was sent to the king, all appearing to be so trifling, and no^other proof being
22 MEMOIRS OF [william hi.
offered for any part of except his own word, which
he had stipulated should not be made use of, his
majesty sent an order to bring him to his trial. But
as the king was slow in sending this order, so the
Duke of Devonshire, who had been in the secret
management of the matter, was for some time in the country. The lords-justices delayed the matter till
he came to town and then the king's coming was so near, that was respited till he came over. By these delays Fenwick gained his main design, which was to practice upon the witnesses.
His lady began with Porter he was offered, that
he would go beyond sea, he should have good sum in hand, and an annuity secured to him for his life; he listened so far to the proposition, that he drew those who were in treaty with him, together with the lady herself, who carried the sum that he was to receive, to meeting, where he had provided wit nesses who should over^hear all that passed, and should, upon signal,
the money which was done, and prosecution upon
was ordered. The fact was fully proved, and «be persons concerned in were censured and punished so Porter was no more to be dealt with. — Goodman was the other witness First, they gathered matter to
come in and seize them with
;
it
:
it
if
;
aa
it
;
a
a
;
it,
WILLIAM III. J REMARKABLE PERSONS. 23
defame him, in which his wicked course of life fur nished them very copiously ; but they trusted not to this method, but betook themselves to another, in which they prevailed more effectually ; they per
suaded him to go out of England ; and, by this means, when the last orders were given for Fenwick's trial, there were not two witnesses against him. So, by the course of law, he must have been acquitted ; the
whole was upon this kept entire for the session of Par liament. The king sent to the House of Commons the two papers that Fenwick had sent him ; Fenwick was brought before the house ; but he refused to give
any farther account of the matter contained in them, and they were rejected as false and scandalous, made
to create jealousies; and ordered a bill of attainder to be brought against him, which met with great opposition in both houses, in every step that was made. In conclusion, the bill passed by a small majority of only seven in the House of Lords: The royal assent was soon given to and Fenwick then
made all possible applications to the king for reprieve: and, as main ground for that, and as an article of merit, related how he had saved the king's
life, two years before but as this fact could not be proved, so could confer no obligation on the king, since he had given him no warning of his danger
only
it
a ;
;a
it,
MEMOIRS OF [william hi. and, according to his own story, had trusted the con
spirators'
24
words very easily, when they promised to pursue their design no farther, which he had no reason to do. Fenwick, seeing no hope was left, prepared himself to die; he desired the assistance of one of the deprived bishops, which was not granted, but he was attended by Bishop Burnet. He was beheaded on Tower-hill, January 23, 1697, aged 52 ; and was buried near the altar, in the church of St. Martin's in the Fields, London, with his three sons. Sir
John, though a very profligate character, and an indif ferent husband, was yet so tenderly beloved by his lady, that no stratagem was omitted by her to save him that love could invent, or duty practice. She even erected a monument, in York Cathedral, to per petuate his memory. She was Lady Mary, eldest daughter of Charles Howard, Earl of Carlisle. Hap pily their only daughter, Jane, as well as all their sons, died very young. He died very composed, and left a paper in writing, wherein he did not deny the facts that had been sworn against him, but com plained of the injustice of the procedure, and left his thanks to those who had voted against the bill. He owned his loyalty to King James, and to the Prince of Wales after him. But mentioned the design of assassinating King WiUiam in terms full of horror.
lOHN.
the revolution in 1688 to the end of the reign of George II. Collected
from the most authentic accounts extant. By James Caulfield.
Caulfield, James, 1764-1826. London, T. H. Whitely, 1819-20.
http://hdl. handle. net/2027/yale. 39002004920444
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YALE LIBRARY
UNIVERSITY
WlI^IilAM AI. 1I>1« IIJ) GK .
PORTRAITS, MEMOIRS,
REMARKABLE PERSONS,
REVOLUTION in 1688
END OF THE REIGN OF GEORGE II.
COLLECTED FROM THE MOST AUTHENTIC ACCOUNTS EXTANT.
JAMES CAULFIELD. IN FOUR VOLUMES.
VOL. I.
LONDON:
PUBLISHED BY H. R. YOUNG, 56, PATERNOSTER-ROW ; AND
T. H. WHITELY, J 03, NEWGATE-STREET.
1819.
v. LEWIS, PRINTER, FINCH-LANB, CORNHILL, LONDON.
ADVERTISEMENT.
1 HERE are no description of persons who
excite public curiosity more than those who have been ushered into notice by circum
stances of peculiar notoriety,
such as have not been restrained by the laws of their country, or influenced by the common obligations of society. Men, whose daring
enterprise and deep cunning might, properly cultivated, and differently directed, have ren dered them the brightest ornaments of the age
in which they lived ; and Whitney, Jack Shep- pafd, or Turpin, (common thieves) instead of the ignominious fate which attended them, ihight have emulated the extolled deeds of
a Marlborough or a Wellington; and, like thetii, have enjoyed similar honours. As might Bamfylde Moore Carew, in negociation and
VOL. I.
a
particularly
vi
ADVERTISEMENT.
equalled or excelled Lord Castlereagh or Mr. George Canning ; and why
contrivance, have
and ability, as a counsellor, have vied with any
not
George
Barrington, for ingenuity
pleader who has
himself at the bar. Of another description of
advocate or
persons, James Bick the mimic trumpeter,
Grinner, stage, have been formidable rivals in repute with Mathews
celebrated Oxford might, if exhibited on a public
and Isaac the
distinguished
and Grimaldi.
different are the multitude who are noticed only as instances of the deviation of nature, such as giants, dwarfs, strong men, personal deformity, &c. In like manner are
distinguished those persons who have lived to
an
extraordinary
Very
age; others, as empirics and quacks, buffoons, prize-fighters, and ad
serve but to' fill up the class of
venturers,
Remarkable Characters; and if
eccentricity of manners characterises another description
ADVERTISEMENT. VU
of persons, that very eccentricity entitles them to a place in the present work.
The period in which many of the persons lived who are commemorated in this under
taking, is perhaps the most eventful in the annals of British history. England witnessed the ascent to its throne of two different families, in the short space of twenty-six years. The revolution of 1688 gave to the country, as its king, William Prince of Orange, after wards William IIL and, on the demise of Queen Anne, the succession was vested in the house of Brunswick, by the accessiou of George I. Party-strife ran so high on this
event taking place, that it ultimately ended
open rebellion. And, men of the most exalted rank, and of the highest consideration
in the country, were, with numbers of infe rior note, alike made examples of; and the axe and the gibbet became as much in re-.
a2
in
viii
ADVERTISEMENT.
quest as when the strife for sovereignty, existed between the contending houses of York and Lancaster.
It is an extraordinary circumstance, that among the many collected lives of highway men, and other notorious offenders, that what ever embellishments by plates, which have hitherto accompanied the accounts, they have
been given from the invention of
invariably
the artist, without the least, regard to
the personal resemblance of the party described
iu the narrative. In Johnson's highwaymen, &c. (now an uncommon
though pensive
embellished with numerous and. ex plates, there is not. one through out the work that is a faithful representation
of the person, even in the article of dress, much less of their physiognomy and general
character. Mull'd Sack, the cess, Whitney, Jonathan Wild,
German Prin Jack Sheppard,
history qf book,)
ADVERTISEMENT. ix
and Sarah Malcolm's transactions, are delineated entirely by scenic views of their robberies and
subsequent
The only cause that can be assigned for this palpable error, is the uncommon rarity of the true prints. That of MuU'd Sack, in particular, has been sold at a public auction for upwards of forty guineas ; Whitney, copied
in this collection, is considered to be unique ;
William Joy, the English samson; Jonathan
Wild, with the ticket to his funeral ; Turpin in
his cave ; Old Harry, with his raree-show ;
Guy, founder of Guy's Hospital, writing his will ; and many others, interspersed throughout
the work, are likewise taken from originals of the greatest scarcity and value ; and not a life or character is recorded, but is accompanied by a portrait of unquestioned authenticity.
JAMES CAULFIELD
executions.
CONTENTS.
REIGX OF WILLIAM
Aldridge, William, an aged Wheelwright Atkins, William, an eccentric Gout-doctor
Baskerville, Thomas, a whimsical Enthusiast
III.
Pag*
Bigg, John, the Dinton Hermit
Brown, Thomas, a Facetious Writer
D'Urfey, Thomas, a Humorous Poet Fenwick, Sir John, executed for High -treason Gale, John, a singular Deaf and Dumb Man Hermon, Philip, a visionary Quaker
. Johnston, Sir John, executed for stealing an Heiress
Joy, William, the English Samson . Radcliffe, John, an extraordinary Physician Rymer, Thomas, a Critic and Compiler Tryon, Thomas, a singular Enthusiast
.
.
.
.
Whitney, James, an extraordinary Highwayman K£IGN OF QUEEN ANNE.
JEsop of Eton, a rhyming Cobler
Biek, James, a Mimic Trumpeter . Britton, Thomas, a Musical Small Coal-man Burgess, Daniel,. a Pulpit Buffoon
Dennis, John, a sour and severe Critic
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
, 1 . 3 . 6 . 9
. 12 . 16 . 19
. 25
. 28
¦ 31 . 37 . 44 . 50
. 54 57
. 73 . 75 . 77 . 82
. 86
.
.
XU CONTENTS.
Evans, Henry, an aged Welshman . Fletcher, Andrew, a turbulent Republican - Defoe, Daniel, a Political Writer and Novelist Granny, a drunken half-blind Woman Hardman, John, a singular Corn-cutter
.
Page . 91
. 94 . 99 . 1 03 . 106
. 109 . 112 . 116 . 118 . 120
. 129 . 132 . 134 . 1 37
, 141 . 147 . 149 . 153 . 163
Harry, an Old Raree-show-man
Hart, Nicholas, a Great Sleeper
Isaac, the Oxford Grinner
Keiling, John, an extraordinary Street Musician King Edward, Abel Roper's Man . Poro, James, an extraordinary Twin
.
.
. Yorkshire Nan, Prince George's Cap Woman
.
. .
Read, Sir William, a Quack Oculist
Roper, Abel, a Political Bookseller
Sacheverel, Henry, a Seditious Preacher
Scrimshaw, Jane, an aged Pauper
"futchin, John, a Seditious Writer
Valerius, John, born without arms
White, Jeremiah, humorous chaplain to Oliver Cromwell
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
.
MEMOIRS
REMARKABLE
WiilUum
It [WILLIAM III. very often happens that we are indebted to the
casual circumstance of a person living to a great age,
PERSONS.
mtfvUfQt,
personal
perpetuity of their likenesses being handed down to
deformity, size, or other chances, for the
posterity.
in whose character there appears noithing more parti cular than of his living to the very advanced age of 1 14- years. He was by profession a wheelwright, and
resided at Acton, in Middlesex, and was buried there November 21st, 1698.
The portrait from which this print was engraved, was painted two years before his death, and was in the possession of his great grandson, Mr. Thomas
VOL. I. B
Such was the case with 5filham Aldridge,
2 MEMOIRS OF [william hi.
Aldridge, vestry-clerk of Acton parish, where the family have been established upwards of a century. The portrait has the appearance of a hale man of
sixty, rather than that of 112, which was his age at the period it was painted. He was buried under a
tomb in the cemetery, the inscription upon gives his age one year older.
which
WILI. ? ^
'Gout Doctor. )
A. T'KI]? ^S,
WILLIAM III. ] REMArRKABLE PERSONS.
^Killtam nt^im, THE GOUT DOCTOR.
Of all thej diseases incident to the, human frame the Gout, (to those who are afflicted ; with itj) is the most vexatious, painful, and tormenting in the cata logue of evils attendiant on man; and no complaint has created more quacks, fo tamper with, and poison the constitutiiQja with- sovereign remedies, than this.
Among the, first-rate of . tjies^ eiliimrics . naay rank William Atki|! ,s,. "whose renovating elixir restored pristine youth, and vigour to the patient, however old or decayed,^' and -whose vivifying drops inf^i/Uibly cured imbecility in men, and barrenness, in 'women ; he resided in the Qld Bailey, and was, (in his own conceit) the Solomon ofthe day ; his bills exceeded all others, in extravagant assertions and impudence ;
to, declare he had raised a woman from a fit of the dead palsy, and . rendered her
capable of walking immediately.
This wonderful great man was short in stature, fat,
and waddled as he walked ; he always wore a white B2
he even had the audacity
4 ll^EMdllft* OF
[VfrtLLiA'»i ill.
three-tailed wig, nicely combed and frizzed upon each cheek. He generally carried a cane, but a hat never. He was represented oh the top of his own bills sitting in an arm-chair, holding a bottle between his finger and thumb, surrounded with rotten teeth, nippers, pills, packets, and gally-pots.
Atkins boasted of his humility in using a hackney- coach instead of keeping one of his own; but what would he have said, dr thought, had he lived in the
pf^sent rimes, to see that carriages and eqliipaige ar6 as 'e'sseiritial in the tfade of a quack-doctb'r as the distribution of their hand-bills in every street ihrdughout the metropolis ; ri^y, most of these gentry that are successful, have their country-seats and parks; and, in 'tWir tables and company, vie with the first nobility, and people of rank and fashion ; Gilead House, the Seat of Dr. Soloinon, near Liver pool, has beefn dediiied important ehoilgh tb fa's
'ehgra\red Eriglahd.
ahd published, to adoi'h the Beauties bif
Somie of Atkihs's medicines %ere coihpbSed thirty different ingrediehts! what hope retliaitied fbr an individual assailed by so many enettiies united?
A fei^ years since flourished, near Leicester-sqUare, a
German quack, Dr. Delalina, who prtjtended
of
to
WILLIAM III. ] REMARKABLE PERSONS. 5
eradicate the gout from any person, however aged or infirm, in six visits. —The well-known French remedy has been found, by sad experience, not only to eradi cate the gout, but likewise the lives of most persons who have been desperate enough to venture on that fatal remedy.
MEMOIRS OF [WILLIAM iii.
This whimsical enthusiast, who affected manners and habits peculiarly his own, was born and resided at a place called Bayworth, in the parish of Sunning- well,' near Abingdon. — In his younger days he was
considered a person of learning and curious research, and was author of a journal of his own travels through a great part of England^ in the years 1677 and 1678, still existing in manuscript. — He was well known to the Oxford Students, who, from his dry, droll, and formal appearance, gave him tbe nickname of the King of Jerusalem, he being of a religious turn, and constantly speaking of that heavenly city ; a pretention to inherit which, he founded on what he Styled his regeneration or second birth, in the year 1666, as may be gathered from his own poetic lines, inserted under his portrait :—
As shadows fly , so houres dye.
very often happens that we are indebted to the
casual circumstance of a person living to a great age,
PERSONS.
mtfvUfQt,
personal
perpetuity of their likenesses being handed down to
deformity, size, or other chances, for the
posterity.
in whose character there appears noithing more parti cular than of his living to the very advanced age of 1 14- years. He was by profession a wheelwright, and
resided at Acton, in Middlesex, and was buried there November 21st, 1698.
The portrait from which this print was engraved, was painted two years before his death, and was in the possession of his great grandson, Mr. Thomas
VOL. I. B
Such was the case with 5filham Aldridge,
2 MEMOIRS OF [william hi.
Aldridge, vestry-clerk of Acton parish, where the family have been established upwards of a century. The portrait has the appearance of a hale man of
sixty, rather than that of 112, which was his age at the period it was painted. He was buried under a
tomb in the cemetery, the inscription upon gives his age one year older.
which
WILI. ? ^
'Gout Doctor. )
A. T'KI]? ^S,
WILLIAM III. ] REMArRKABLE PERSONS.
^Killtam nt^im, THE GOUT DOCTOR.
Of all thej diseases incident to the, human frame the Gout, (to those who are afflicted ; with itj) is the most vexatious, painful, and tormenting in the cata logue of evils attendiant on man; and no complaint has created more quacks, fo tamper with, and poison the constitutiiQja with- sovereign remedies, than this.
Among the, first-rate of . tjies^ eiliimrics . naay rank William Atki|! ,s,. "whose renovating elixir restored pristine youth, and vigour to the patient, however old or decayed,^' and -whose vivifying drops inf^i/Uibly cured imbecility in men, and barrenness, in 'women ; he resided in the Qld Bailey, and was, (in his own conceit) the Solomon ofthe day ; his bills exceeded all others, in extravagant assertions and impudence ;
to, declare he had raised a woman from a fit of the dead palsy, and . rendered her
capable of walking immediately.
This wonderful great man was short in stature, fat,
and waddled as he walked ; he always wore a white B2
he even had the audacity
4 ll^EMdllft* OF
[VfrtLLiA'»i ill.
three-tailed wig, nicely combed and frizzed upon each cheek. He generally carried a cane, but a hat never. He was represented oh the top of his own bills sitting in an arm-chair, holding a bottle between his finger and thumb, surrounded with rotten teeth, nippers, pills, packets, and gally-pots.
Atkins boasted of his humility in using a hackney- coach instead of keeping one of his own; but what would he have said, dr thought, had he lived in the
pf^sent rimes, to see that carriages and eqliipaige ar6 as 'e'sseiritial in the tfade of a quack-doctb'r as the distribution of their hand-bills in every street ihrdughout the metropolis ; ri^y, most of these gentry that are successful, have their country-seats and parks; and, in 'tWir tables and company, vie with the first nobility, and people of rank and fashion ; Gilead House, the Seat of Dr. Soloinon, near Liver pool, has beefn dediiied important ehoilgh tb fa's
'ehgra\red Eriglahd.
ahd published, to adoi'h the Beauties bif
Somie of Atkihs's medicines %ere coihpbSed thirty different ingrediehts! what hope retliaitied fbr an individual assailed by so many enettiies united?
A fei^ years since flourished, near Leicester-sqUare, a
German quack, Dr. Delalina, who prtjtended
of
to
WILLIAM III. ] REMARKABLE PERSONS. 5
eradicate the gout from any person, however aged or infirm, in six visits. —The well-known French remedy has been found, by sad experience, not only to eradi cate the gout, but likewise the lives of most persons who have been desperate enough to venture on that fatal remedy.
MEMOIRS OF [WILLIAM iii.
This whimsical enthusiast, who affected manners and habits peculiarly his own, was born and resided at a place called Bayworth, in the parish of Sunning- well,' near Abingdon. — In his younger days he was
considered a person of learning and curious research, and was author of a journal of his own travels through a great part of England^ in the years 1677 and 1678, still existing in manuscript. — He was well known to the Oxford Students, who, from his dry, droll, and formal appearance, gave him tbe nickname of the King of Jerusalem, he being of a religious turn, and constantly speaking of that heavenly city ; a pretention to inherit which, he founded on what he Styled his regeneration or second birth, in the year 1666, as may be gathered from his own poetic lines, inserted under his portrait :—
As shadows fly , so houres dye.
And ddyes do span the age ofman ; In Month o/ August twenty'nine, Ifirst began my Mourning time,
Thousand six hundred and ninety-nine.
'
. \
THOMAS
BASKERVILLE
WILLIAM III. ] REMARKABLE PERSONS. 7
Yet I drudge on as said before,
Ther's Time, when Time shall be no more,
A second BiaiH /
January Eleventh day.
In that circle Fifty-two Weeks,
. Thousand Six hundred Sixty-six
had
say,
A ray ofLight I
Enter my heart with heat and joy, Saying these words unto me then
King of Jerusalem.
The number of Sectaries that sprung up at the period Baskerville lived, without question bewildered a brain naturally not very strong ; Fox the Quaker, Naylor the blasphemer, Venner the Fifth Monarchy- man, Muggleton, and a whole tribe of Schismatic pre tenders to new-born lights, had each their several followers ; to one party or other it may naturally be imagined Baskerville inclined ; or he might probably feel inspired ; similar with Swendenbourg of latter days, to convey disciples to the new Jerusalem, by a path unknown to any other than himself.
His portrait, which exhibits a meagre, long, and mortified countenance, was engraved when he was in his 70th year. Over his monogram BM is inscribed two lines, doubtless of his own editing :—
Once I was alive, and had flesh to thrive, But now I am a skellitan. at 70.
I
saw that day,
8 MEMOIRS OF [WILLIAM III.
He affected most of the singularities which natu rally adhere to reclusive and habitual retirement, and lived to a very advanced age, dying aboi^t the year 1705.
Many of his MSS. went with the Harleian collec tion to the Brirish Museum.
WILLIAM in] REMARKABLE PERSONS.
THE DINTON HERMIT.
Many men from necessity, not choice, have as sumed singular habits, and manners, which have, from time immemorial, amused and instructed mankind: such a being was John Bigg. — Disappointed (no doubt) in his prospects through life, he became sulky^ and adopted a way of life he thought peculiarly his own ; in that, however,- he was mistaken ; as others, previous to his time, had taken the same course ; wit ness the hermits of La Trappe, Roger Crabb, of Uxbridge, who lived on three-farthings per day, and
other singular humourists, among whom may be remembered, of late days, Simon Eady the pauper of St. Giles's, with Mathews the Dulwich Hermit, found some few years back murdered in his cave. All that is left as a memorial of Bigg; is the following: — John Bigg, the Dinton Hermit, baptized 22d of April, 1629, buried 4th of April, 1696. Brojvne Willis gives the particulars of this 'man out of a lette? written
VOL. I. c
10 MEMOIRS OF [william ni.
to him by Thomas Hearne, dated Oxon, Feb. 12,
1712. He was formerly clerk to Simon Mayne, of Dinton, one of the judges who passed sentence on
King Charles I. He lived Dinton (county Bucks,) in a cave, had been, a man of tolerable wealth, was looked upon as a pretty good scholar, and of no con temptible parts. Upon the restoration he grew melan
choly, betook . himself to a recluse life, and. lived by charity, but never asked for; any thing but leather, which he would immediately nail to his cloathes. He kept three bottles, that hung; to his girdle, viz. for strong and small beer, and milk: his,shoes are. still
preserved ; they are very large, and made up of about a thousand patches of leather ; one of them is in the Bodlean Repository, the other in the collection of Sir John Vanhatten, of Dinton, who had his cave dug up some years since, in hopes of discovering something
relative to him, but without success. . The print of him is done from a picture in the possession of Scroop
Bernard, Esq. of Nether Winchendon, Bucks. <
time since it was reported the celebrated Margravine of Anspach proffered to any person who would lead a
recluse life, five hundred pounds annuity for life ; after period of seven years (during which rime they were to have no converse, or see mankind, and suffer
, Some
a
if,
WILLIAM ni. ] REMARKABLE PERSONS. 11
their hair and nails to grow untouched) they survived, but it does not appear any one was desperate enough in circumstances to undergo the ordeal. — It has befen
said a man endured this kind of life four years, but gave it up in despair.
c2
12
MEMOIRS OF
[william in.
-Thomas (commonly called Tori, ),,B. kp,tv,N; was the son of a considerable farmer of Shiffnall, in Shrop shire, and educated at Newport-school; in that county ; frpm. s whence he was removed to Christ-church, in
Oxford, where he soon distinguished himself by his uncommon- attainments in literature. He had great
parts and quickness of apprehension, ,nor does it appear that he was wanting in application^; for we are told, that he was very well skillfid in the Latin, Greek, French, Italian, and Spani^ languages, even before he was sent to Oxford. The irregularities of liis life did not suffer him, however^ tb continue long
at the university, but when obliged to quit he took advantage of remittance sent by his indulgent father, and thinking he had sufficiency of wit and learning, left Oxford for the capital, in hopes of making his fortune some way or other there. This scheme did not answer, and he was very soon in danger of starving upon which he made interest to be school
master of Kingston-upon-Thames, in which pursuit he succeeded. But this was profession very unsuit-
a
;
a
^
it,
THOMAS BROITK^ .
REMARKABLE PERSONS. 13
able to a man of his turn, and a situation that must needs have been extremely disagreeable to him ; and therefore we cannot wonder that he soon quitted this school, and returned again to London, where, finding his old companions more delighted with his humour than ready to relieve his necessities, he had recourse to his pen, and became an author, and partly a libel ler, by profession . He wrote a great variety of pieces, under the names of dialogues, letters, poems, &c. in all which he discovered no small erudition, and a vast and exuberant vein of humour ; for he was in his writings, as in his conversation, always lively and facetious. In the mean-time he made no other advan tage of these productions than what he derived from the booksellers ; for though they raised his reputation, and made his company sought after, yet, as he possessed less of the gentleman than wits usually do,
and more of the scholar, so he was not apt to choose his acquaintance by interest, but was more solicitous
recommended to the ingenious who might admire, than to the great who might relieve him. An anonymoifts author, who has given the world some account of Mr. Brown, says, that though a good- natured man, he had one pernicious quality, which was, rather to lose his friend than his joke. He had
WILLIAM iii. J
to be
14 MEMOIRS OF
[william hi.
a particular genius for satire, and dealt it but liberally
whenever he could find occasion. He is famed for
being the author of a libel, fixed one Sunday morning
on the doors of Westminster-abbey ; and of many others, agaiiist the clergy and quality. He used to
treat religion very lightly, and would often say, that he understood the world better than to have the impu tation of righteousness laid to his charge ; yet, upon
the approach of death, his heart misgave him, and he began to express sentiments of remorse for his past life.
Towards the latter end of Brown's life, we are informed by Mr. Jacob that he was in favor with the Earl of Dorset, who invited him to dinner on a Christmas-day, with Dryden, and some other men of genius ; when Brown, to his agreeable surprise, found a bank-note of 60l. under his plate ; and Dryden
at the same time was presented with another of 100/.
Brown died in 1704, and was interred
of Westminster-abbey, near the remains of Mrs. Behn, with whom he wae intimate in his life-time;
His whole works were printed in 1707, consisting of dialogues, essays, declamations, satires, letters from
the dead to the living, translations, amusements, &c; in 4, vols. ; there are several other editions ofhis works.
in the clbister
WILLIAM III. ] REMARKABLE PERSONS. 15
but all have become scarce, and have not been re printed for many years ; indeed, the indelicacy of many of his pieces preclude the likelihood of their ever appearing collectively before the public in a new edition ; his remains, in 2 vols, are very rare to be
met with, and abound with as much ribaldry and
as his other productions. Tom Brown thought it the. pinnacle of excellence to be thought " a merry fellow," and therefore laid out his powers upon small jests or gross buffoonery, so that his per formances have little intrinsic value, and were read
only while they were recommended by the novelty of the event that occasioned them. What sense or knowledge his works contain is disgraced by the garb in which it is exhibited. The Rev. Mr. Noble says,
he died in great poverty.
obscenity
16
MEMOIRS OF
[william hi.
¦. J
Thomas D'Urpey. , E^q. was originally intended
to have beeh-broaght up to the bar^ btit po^essing too
much wit to confine himself to •that ; dfy stbdy, and
too. little, to make a shining character in any other,
experienced ail the varied- fortunes of men who have
not great abilities, and whb trust entirely to their pens
for theif support and appearance through life. Very
little more is known of D'Urfey's origin and family
than, that he was a native of Devonshire. His plays,
which are numerous, were in their day 4cted with
considerable applause, but the low wit and humour
with which they abound, would not suit the taste of the present enlightened generation. He was, besides,
author of many small Poems, the chief "of which are collected in his most celebrated work of " Wit and Mirth, or Pills to purge Melancholy," in
6 vols. 12mo. which have now become
scarce. He has been compared to Colley Cibber,
but their wit^ and humour were
Oibber's writings keeping their reputation to the
extremely
widely different,
THOMAS D'URFEY.
REMARKABLE PERSONS. 17
present day, and are as much read as ever.
was admitted to great familiarity with King Charles the Second, and that merry monarch would often lean on his shoulder,
frequently amused and entertained Queen Anne, singing catches and glees ; yet, with all his gaiety and high acquaintance, poor Tom was always in straitened circumstances ; as a Tory he was very much caressed and beloved by his party, yet he was esteemed and respected by the Whigs.
The Author of the prologue to D'Urfey's last play thus speaks of him :—
" Though Tom the poet writ with ease and pleasure, " The comic Tom abounds in other treasure. "
Addison was well acquainted with him, and often pleaded successfully for his friend, when he became aged and in decayed circumstances ; — in one of his
papers he remarks, " He has made the world merry, and I hope they will make him easy, as long as he stays among us. This," adds he, " I will take upon me to say, they cannot do a kindness to a more cheer ful, honest, good-natured man. " D'Urfey died at a good old age, February ^6, 1723, and was buried in the cemetery of St. James's Church, Westminster.
VOL. I. D
WILLIAM III. J
andhumatunewithhim; hehas by
D'Urfey
18 MEMOIRS OF [william iij.
D'Urfey and Bello, a musician, had high words at Epsom, and swords were resorted to, but with great
caution. A brother wit maliciously compared this rencounter with that mentioned in Sir Philip Sidney's Arcadia, between Clinias and Dametas.
I sing of a duel in Epsom befel
'Twixt fa sol la D'Urfey and sol la mi Bell :
But why do I mention the scribbling brother?
For naming the one, you may guess at the other. Betwixt them there happened a terrible clutter.
Bell set up the loud pipes, and D'Urfey did splutter.
" Draw Bell, wert thou Dragon, I'd spoil thy soft notes :" " Thy squalling, said t'other, for I'll cut thy throat. "
With a scratch on the finger the duel's dispatch'd ;
Thy Clinias (O Sidney) was never so match'd.
WILLIAM III. ]
REMARKABLE PERSONS. 19
Sir John Fenwick, of Fenwick Castle, in the county of Northumberland, Bart, a man of consider able abilities, but- of; a profligate and restless dispo sition, commanded a regiment in
the service of William III. when Prince of Orange, in 1676. He was apprehended^ in. Kent, when on his way to France, upon suspicion of being engaged in a plot to
assassinate the; king. ' Oh his. being taken into cus tody, he (wrotea letter to his lady, setting forth his
miatbrtune, andgiviing himself for dead, unless; power ful applications) could be made for him, or that some of ;the jury co«M be hired: to starve out the rest; and
to that he ftdded, this or nothing can save my life. This letter was taken from the person to whom' he hadigi^ren it: at his first examination, before the lords-
jtis,|iees, he denied every thing', till he was shewed thi$M>letter; and then he was confounded. In his private treaty with the Duke ! of Devonshire, he desired an assurance of life, upon his promise to tell all he knew; but the king refused that, and would have it left to himself to judge of the truth and the
D2
20 MEMOIRS OF [william ni.
importance of the discoveries he should make. So he, resolving to cast himself on the king's mercy, sent him a paper, in which, after a bare account of the consultations among the Jacobites (in which he took care to charge none of his own party,) he said, that King James, and those who were emplbyed by him, had assured them, that both the Earls of Shrewsbury and Marlborough, the Lord Godolphin, and Admiral Russell, were reconciled to him, and were now in his interests, and acting for him. This was a discovery that could signify nothing, but to give the king a
jealousy of those persons ; for he did not offer the
or of
least shadow or circumstance, either of proof, presumption, to support this accusation. The king, not being satisfied herewith, sent an order for bringing him to a trial, unless he made other discoveries. He desired to be further examined by the lords-justices, to whom he, being upon oath, told some more parti culars, but he took care to name none of his own side, but those against whom evidence was already brought, or who were safe and beyond sea ; some few others he named, in matters of less consequence, that did not amount to high-treason ; he owned a thread of negociations that had passed between them and King James, or the court of France ; he said the Earl of
WILLIAM III. ] REMARKABLE PERSONS. 21
Aylesbury had gone over to France, and had been admitted to a private audience with the French king,
where he had proposed the sending over an army of 30,000 men ; and had undertaken that a great body of gentlemen and horses should be brought to join them; it appeared, by his discoveries, that the Jacobites in England were much divided. Some were called com pounders, and others non-compounders. The first sort desired securities from King James, for the pre servation of the religion and liberties of England ; whereas, the second sort were for trusting him upon discretion, without asking any terms, putting all in his power, and relying entirely on his honor and generosity. These seemed, indeed, to act more suitably to the great principle upon which they all insisted, that kings have their power from God, and are accountable only to him for the exercise of it. Dr. Lloyd, the deprived Bishop of Norwich, was the only eminent clergyman who joined in this; and, therefore, all that party had, upon Sancro/t's death, recommended him to King James, to have his nomina tion for Canterbury. Fenwick put all this in writing, upon assurance that he should not be forced to wit ness any part of it. When that was sent to the king, all appearing to be so trifling, and no^other proof being
22 MEMOIRS OF [william hi.
offered for any part of except his own word, which
he had stipulated should not be made use of, his
majesty sent an order to bring him to his trial. But
as the king was slow in sending this order, so the
Duke of Devonshire, who had been in the secret
management of the matter, was for some time in the country. The lords-justices delayed the matter till
he came to town and then the king's coming was so near, that was respited till he came over. By these delays Fenwick gained his main design, which was to practice upon the witnesses.
His lady began with Porter he was offered, that
he would go beyond sea, he should have good sum in hand, and an annuity secured to him for his life; he listened so far to the proposition, that he drew those who were in treaty with him, together with the lady herself, who carried the sum that he was to receive, to meeting, where he had provided wit nesses who should over^hear all that passed, and should, upon signal,
the money which was done, and prosecution upon
was ordered. The fact was fully proved, and «be persons concerned in were censured and punished so Porter was no more to be dealt with. — Goodman was the other witness First, they gathered matter to
come in and seize them with
;
it
:
it
if
;
aa
it
;
a
a
;
it,
WILLIAM III. J REMARKABLE PERSONS. 23
defame him, in which his wicked course of life fur nished them very copiously ; but they trusted not to this method, but betook themselves to another, in which they prevailed more effectually ; they per
suaded him to go out of England ; and, by this means, when the last orders were given for Fenwick's trial, there were not two witnesses against him. So, by the course of law, he must have been acquitted ; the
whole was upon this kept entire for the session of Par liament. The king sent to the House of Commons the two papers that Fenwick had sent him ; Fenwick was brought before the house ; but he refused to give
any farther account of the matter contained in them, and they were rejected as false and scandalous, made
to create jealousies; and ordered a bill of attainder to be brought against him, which met with great opposition in both houses, in every step that was made. In conclusion, the bill passed by a small majority of only seven in the House of Lords: The royal assent was soon given to and Fenwick then
made all possible applications to the king for reprieve: and, as main ground for that, and as an article of merit, related how he had saved the king's
life, two years before but as this fact could not be proved, so could confer no obligation on the king, since he had given him no warning of his danger
only
it
a ;
;a
it,
MEMOIRS OF [william hi. and, according to his own story, had trusted the con
spirators'
24
words very easily, when they promised to pursue their design no farther, which he had no reason to do. Fenwick, seeing no hope was left, prepared himself to die; he desired the assistance of one of the deprived bishops, which was not granted, but he was attended by Bishop Burnet. He was beheaded on Tower-hill, January 23, 1697, aged 52 ; and was buried near the altar, in the church of St. Martin's in the Fields, London, with his three sons. Sir
John, though a very profligate character, and an indif ferent husband, was yet so tenderly beloved by his lady, that no stratagem was omitted by her to save him that love could invent, or duty practice. She even erected a monument, in York Cathedral, to per petuate his memory. She was Lady Mary, eldest daughter of Charles Howard, Earl of Carlisle. Hap pily their only daughter, Jane, as well as all their sons, died very young. He died very composed, and left a paper in writing, wherein he did not deny the facts that had been sworn against him, but com plained of the injustice of the procedure, and left his thanks to those who had voted against the bill. He owned his loyalty to King James, and to the Prince of Wales after him. But mentioned the design of assassinating King WiUiam in terms full of horror.
lOHN.
