See "
Cambrensis
Eversus," Gr.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v4
,
cap. 55.
" See his Life, at the 21st of November.
'* bert.
'» According to Malbranq and Menard, m "
,
Jonas was mistaken, as regards Sige-
, »,
April i. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
century. '" But, this appears to have been too early a date, for their arrival
^'
in that country," since in St. Ricarius'
it is stated, that St. Caidoc and his companion St. P'ricor entered France, during the reign of King Dagobert 1. ^5 This did not commence, before a. d.
622. He was a most potent and religious prince, anxious in every way to aid those worthy of his patronage, and especially the servants of Christ. He was husband to the ill-fated Brunechilde. The two Irishmen entered
Ponthieu =* in district,
——
were in
and both missionaries appear to have attained the same ecclesiastical rank,"' while they are not spoken of as monks. Hence, it may be inferred, that over thirty years, after the arrival of St Columbanus in France, must be allowed
for the migration of St. Caidoc and of St. Fricor, into that country.
The chief object of these holy men was to spread a knowledge of Christ's
Gospel, among people, living in that part of the country, bordering the Somme, and then known by the name Morini. Our missionaries were ill-used,'^ and
ignominiously treated, at first, by this rude nation,'' and they were almost compelled to leave, when a certain young nobleman,3° called Ricarius,^' who lived at Centule, came to their aid. '' He brought them to his house, for
protection; and,havingrepelledtheinsolenceoftheirpersecutors,hetreated those holy pilgrims with the greatest kindness and courtesy. 33 In return for such protection, the strangers announced to him lessons of Divine wisdom,
. which he received, with all humility and attention. The result was, being moved with compunction for foUies of his past life, Ricarius burst into tears, and afterwards made a confession of his sins. In fine, this generous man divided his property among the poor ; only reserving a portion of it, for a religious foundation. He erected the monastery of Centule, it is said, in the year 625,34 or as other accounts have it, in the year 627. Then he re- nounced the world and its allurements, in the retirement of this house. 35
"The date given, for this event, by eos expellere. "—Surius, "De Probatis
Malbranque, is A. D. 591, apparently relying
Sanctorum Vitis," tomus ii. , xxvi. Aprilis. Vita S. Richarii.
"
on the Chronicon. "
of a
quoted
" Richariecse
authority
" For various weighty reasons, adduced by Dr. Lanigan, it is much more probable, that they did not proceed to France, as companions of Columbanus. See " Eccle- siastical History of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap. xvi. , sect, v. , n. 31, p. 443.
" Of Centule.
Les
'' This is published by Surius, at the 26th of April.
* Saussay has it " S. Richario turn adhuc adoloscente. "
3' See Malbranq, "DeMorinis," lib. ii. ,
chap. 55.
» It is much more probable, that they
were not disciples of Columbanus, and that it was just after their landing in France, as Fleury says, that they fell in with Richarius. See " Histoire Ecclesiastique," tome viii. , liv. xxxvii. , sect, xxviii. , p. 269.
^ See Dr. " Ecclesiastical His- Lanigan's
tory of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, xvi. , sect, v. , p. 442.
'<AccordingtotheAbbeFleury. AtA. D. 627, Mabillon says, that it was founded, not
' Sumamed Flaccus.
'5 See an account of this prince, in "His- toire de France," par L. P. Anquetil, Pre- miSre Race dite des sect,
PP- 52. 53-
* " Ad pagum Pontivum," according to
Saussay, and we are told, it lay near the maritime parts of Gaul.
"7
Saussay, in his Appendix to the long before Dagobert acquired the kingdom
Picardy
others have it that
they
Belgium
Merovingiens, v. ,
Martyrology of the French Saints, states, that they were priests.
"•
In the Life of St. Ricarius, it is related : "Sed a rusticis, et popularibus illius loci propter insolentiam morum non sunt sus- cepti, nee digno eorum sanctitate honore tractati : sed magnis injuriis afflictos, et opprobriis castigates, a finibus suis caeperunt
of Neustria, after the death of his father Clotharius II. , in 628.
35 The Life of this saint, Richarius, will be found in Surius' " De Probatis Sanctorum Vitis," vol. ii. , at xxvi. Aprilis, his festival. See, also, the Rev. Alban Butler's "Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and other principal Saints," vol. iv. , at the 26th of April.
Life,'3 written by Albin, or Alcuin,'*
»» See Le Comte de Montalembert's Moines de I'Occident," tome ii. , liv. , ix. , chap, v. , sect, v. , p. 607.
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April i.
CHAPTER II.
THE JOURNEY OF RICHARIUS TO ROME, IN COMPANY WITH ST. CAIDOC—ASSUMING THE MONASTIC HABIT, RICHARIUS RECEIVES DIRECTION AND ADVICE FROM THE IRISH MISSIONARIES—THEIR DEATH AND HONOURS PAID TO THEIR MEMORY—MARTYR- OLOGIES COMMEMORATING THEM—CONCLUSION.
RICHARIUS is said to have proceeded towards Rome, in company with St. Caidoc' On their return, the latter embraced a monastic life, in Centule Monastery,overwliichRichariuspresidedasAbbot. But,theSuperior,not- withstanding, received the instruction of his first teachers, as from Caidoc and Fricor he had already learned many useful lessons, regarding the monastic state. St. Caidoc, with his companion Fricor, who changed his name to Adrien, after the conversion of Richarius, and protected by his in- fluence, preached the Gospel with considerable success, among the Morini.
St. Caidoc died, about the year 640, and he was buried in Centule
Monastery. Thetomb,placedoverhisremains,beingdefacedthroughthe effects of time, St. Angilbert, who was Abbot of Centule, in the rejgn of
Charlemagne, had it restored. ' An epitaph was inscribed upon it, in golden letters,3andintheLatinlanguage. * St. FricoralsobecameamonkatCen- tule, and he was there buried. According to Mabillon's arrangement, these transactions are placed, under a. d. 627. 5 The date for this saint's death, as likewise, for that of his companion, Caidoc, is assigned by the English Martyrology,* to about a. d. 640. The sacred remains of both saints were preserved, at Ponthieu, and they were held, by the faithful, in great vene- ration. ? The names of St. Caidoc, or Caidan, as also of St. Fricor, or Adrien, are placed at the ist day of April, in the English Martyrology of John Wilson ; while by Dempster,* and by Philip Ferrarius,' they are noticed, at the same date. Father Stephen White '° commemorates both St. Adrian and St. Cadoch, on the ist of April, at Ponthieu. In the Anonymous Catalogue, as published by O'SuUevan Beare," at the ist of April, both those
Chapter ii. —' to xxxi. Martii. Vitae Sanctorum According Saussay's niae,"
Gallic Martyrology. Adriani et Caidoci, p. 799.
'"'
See, xxxi. Martii.
Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae," Vitse SS. Adriani et Caidoci,
It is remarked hiy Colgan, that Demspter was the rather unsafe guide, followed by the
English Martyrology and by Ferrarius, and
p. 797-
3 See the second Appendix to Hugh
he preferred to place those festivals, at the " *'
Menard's Martyrologium Benedictinum. —" * The following were the metrical lines :
31st of March : quam in aliam nobis aeque
incertam cum citati diflferre, pra:sertim
videantur sequuti fidem Dempsterii ; qui Sanctis ad placitum natales, uti et patriam his, nempe novam Scotiam assigiiat ; in au—a nee pedem unquam posuisse leguntur. ' Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae," xxxi. Martii, n. i, p. 799. Although Dempster may be a doubtful authority, yet as he has been followed by Ferrarius and the English Martjrrology, in assigning the 1st of April, as the day of these saints' festivals, I have preferred their arrangement, to the more arbitrary one of Colgan.
"
Mole sub hac tegitur Cadiocus jure Sacerdos,
Scotia quem genuit, Gallica terra tegit,
Hie Domini Christi, gaudens praecepta secutus ;
Contempsit patrias, mente beatus opes. Hinc sibi concrevit, centeni Copia fruc-
tus ;
Et meruit aetherei prasmia larga soli.
Hinc Anoilbertus, fretus pietate magistri, Et tumulo carmen condidit et tumu-
lum. "
5 See "Annales Ordinis S. Benedict! ,"
tomus i. , lib.
"
i. , lib. iv. , cap. xii. , p. 56.
xi. , sect. Ix. , p. 336. Written by John Wilson.
See O'Sullevnn Beare's
Historiae
'
' See •' Colgan's
Acta SiUictorum Hiber-
» In Catalogo Generali.
"See " iv. , p. 41.
Apologia pro
Hibemia,"
cap.
" Catholicas Iberniae Compendium," tomus
April i. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
saints are set down as Sadoc " and Adrianus. Henry Fitzsimon has them— as bishops—at this same date's In addition, Colgan appears to have in- tended treating about St. Cadoc and Adrian, at the ist of April. '* Such arrangement we prefer adopting, for a reason, so far as we are aware, that there is no contradictory statement, calculated to disprove this latter date, for the festival of these holypersons, who laboured so zealously to serve their fellow- beings, and whose merits were so well appreciated by the people, for whom theyprayedandwatched. Theirmissionwaspeace,andtheirmostardent desires were manifested, by bringing into the pale of Christ's Church scattered flocks, straying from the paths of duty, or moving in the by-places of darkness anderror. Thatmenmightbecomfortedandenriched,byspiritualblessings, was their object ; while the communications of the Holy Ghost to his elect were revealed to happy souls, desirous to obtain heavenly treasures, through the shepherds who guided them to sweet pastures.
Article H. —St. Ceallach, or Kellachus, Archbishop of Armagh, County OF Ar-Magh. \Ninth Century^ The Bollandists have observed, that at the ist of April, in the Martyrologies of Marianus O'Gorman and of Donegal,acertainKellachus,thesonofSoerguss,wascommemorated. He
'
asserts, that his name is not to be found among the Prelates of that see, as -hewasonlyasuffraganBishopofSt. Malbrigid. ' Thelatterissaidtohave occupied the see of Armagh, for a long time, both before and after the exercise of episcopal functions, by the present holy man, who is thought to have died,
a. d. 898,* or as some say, 903. 5 There is, likewise, a Ceallach,* Deacon of Gleann-da-locha, in Leinster, adds the O'Clerys' Calendar. Whosoever of these two saints is called Ceallach, son of Connmach, must have been in-
"
Patrick of the fort of Macha loves," &c. This is still known as the great fortress, on a most commanding site, about two miles west of where the city of Armagh is built,
and it remained, during many centuries, the chief seat of the kings of Ulster. The fortress and its circumvallations were planned,' by the heroine, Macha Mongrua, or Macha of the Red Hair, the daughter of Aedh Ruadh. ' In Irish traditional history, she was a famous queen, who flourished seven
is called an anchoret, as also an Archbishop of Armagh ; although Colgan
tended in this stanza, which is in the Poem,' beginning with,
** a for Cadoc. Evidently misprint
Sancto- mantle muin, 'neck,") and (eo, "pin,"
'* They are so set down, in his "Catalogus
" The Vita S. Richarii, Mart. Anglic,
and Surius, are cited, in reference to Saints
Adrianus and Caidocus, Epis. , in Henry the plan of the fort with the neclc pin of her
Fitz->imon's " rum Hibemiae. "
Actuum Sanctorum
ordini Mensium—et Dicrum. "
MS.
hence its name ; while she compelled the sons of Uithorb to worlc at its erection.
See " Cambrensis Eversus," Gr. itianus
Catalogus aliquorum
Article ii. 'See "Acta Sanctorum,"
tomusi. , Aprilisi. Amongthepretermitted saints, p. 2.
•See "Trias Thaumaturga," Septima Appendix ad Acta S. Patricii, pars, iii. , p. 296.
' His Life has been given, at the 22nd of February, the day for his feast.
* According to Dr. O'Donovan's " Annals of the Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 558, 559.
i. , pp. 442, 443. »RedHughandhiscousinsDithorbaand
Kimlioath, by agreement ruled Erin in turn, each for seven years ; and at the end of his third reign of seven years. Red Hugh was drowned at the waterfall, thence called Eas Aedha-Ruaidh, " As-a-roe. " Uilhorba and Kimboath having each reigned seven years alter this, Macha claimed to reign as her father's successor. . She was relused, but
quae
habentur,
by
Lucius, edited by Rev. Matthew Kelly, vol.
5 See Harris' Ware, vol. i. , "Arch- fought a iiattle, in which she defeated both
bishops of Armagh," p. 47.
* This saint is venerated, at the 7th of
October.
her antagonists. Uitliorba was soon afier- wards slain, and Macha toolt Kimboath as her husband and gave him the sovereignty.
' This metrical eflimon Cuimin of Coin- deire is said to have composed,
' that Macha drew Legend says, Queen
6 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April i. centuriesbeforetheChristianera. TheLatinformofthenamegiventoher
" an Avam. " " The large earthen mounds still encircle the hill, which is now corruptly called"TheNavan. " Incourseoftime,theadjoiningcitytookfromitthe nameArdMacha,"theheightofMacha,"nowArmagh. Acorrectdrawing
palace was Emania, from the Irish, an Eamam,^° pronounced,
Fort of Emania, near Armagh.
of this very remarkable fort is here presented. " The upper portion repre-
sents a low mound, on a hill, and partly fenced with stone. The compart-
ment below, and the intervening space, formed a circumvallation, anciently formed of stone, and in point of fact, it was a huge cashel, with its defences. The lowest portion, at present under tillage, seems to have constituted an outward line of defence, although owing to the changes of time, its exact character cannot now be defined. 's In the Martyrology of Donegal, we read, that a St. Ceallach obtained from God, to be blind, deaf and lame ;'< yet, we cannot state, that he was identical, with the present holy man. Colgan mentions a St. Keallach, Abbot of Hy, at the ist of April ;'5 but, it
After his death she ruled Erin for seven years. See "The Irish Penny Magazine," vol. i. , No. 2. Ancient Irish Biography, pp. lo, II.
'°
Sometimes called Eamain-Macha.
" See a notice of this locality, by William Allingham, in a paper "On the Names of Places in Ireland," published in Frazer's
" The was drawn on the original
ful works in bronze, enamel, glass, stone and iron have been discovered, a collection of which now forms the Museum of the
College of S. Columba, Rathfarnham, County Dublin. —
'' Thus Cuimin says :
" Ceallach, son of Connmach, loved
The religion which tormented his body, Blindness, deafness, lameness
Which was a severe re-
quest. "
'S See "Trias Thaumaturga," Quinta Appendix ad Acta S. Columbse, cap. iii. , sect, v. , p. 502.
Magazine.
spot, by W. J. P. Malcernan, Esq. , and transferred to the wood, by William F. Wakeman. It
granted him,
was engraved by Mrs. Millard.
'3
1 have been informed, by Mr. Wake- man, that at the Navan Rath, most wonder-
April i. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
is clear, that he was a distinct personage. '* He died a. d. 8io, recte 815,
according to Dr. O'Donovan's " Annals of the Four Masters. " ' The
Martyrology of Donegal,'' at this day, records the name of Ceallach, successor to St Patrick.
Article III. —St. Aedhan Laech, of Cill-Aedhain, probably in THE County of Down. A saint is, in the highest sense, a true benefactor to the cause of humanity, although we may little discover about the particulars of his life. At this
their great work. '
I St of
place was within the county of Down, if saintwasconnectedwithCill-Aedhain,*plundereda. d. 1149. ' Theexisting name and situation of Cill Aedhain do not appear to have been identified, until the late Dr. O'Donovan offered that solution, but the denomination is rendered Aedhan's Cell.
April,
laech,
supposed,
Aidan
i. e. Tamlachtain Bairci. ' It is — that this
—
seemsto thathewasa" Martyrology, imply,
the BoUandists have " Aidanus Lsech " in entered,
date,
In the Martyrology of Tallagh,* we have inserted, at the
soldier,"
Tamlaght Boirche. ' If such be the case, his locality must be sought, among
the mountains of Moume, in or near the parishes of Kilkeel,' barony of Moume, or of Kilbrony,' barony of Upper Iveagh, and county of Down. Perhaps, it might be identical with KiIlowen,'° in Kilbrony parish. In the
-townland of Lisnacree," at the south-west edge of the parish of Kilkeel, is
thegraveyardofTamlachtchapel. " Onthisday,wefindAedhan,ofCill
Aedb;iin, in Ulster, registered in the Martyrology of Donegal, '3 as having been venerated.
*See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's "Life of St. Columba," Additional Notes, O. Cbronicon Hyense, p. 388.
5 By the Cinell-Conaill, Cinel-E^ghain,
ii. , pp.
' The word XAet is thus rendered, in
O'Reilly's "Irish-English Dictionary," sub. voce.
' This denomination is not found, it may be observed, on the Ordnance Survey Maps for Down.
' This extensive parish is marked, on the "Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Down, Sheets 48, 49, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57. The townland itself and town
' See vol. i. , pp. 422, 423.
and Airghialla, while under the leadership of the son of Niall 0"Loughlin, when they invaded Ulidia. See Dr. O'Donovan's " Annals of the Four vol.
'" Edited
by
Drs. Todd and
Reeves, pp.
Masters," 1088, 1089, and n. (o). Ibid.
92. 93-
Article hi. —" See "AcU Sanctorum,"
tomus i. , Aprilis i. Among the pretermitted saints, p. 3.
•
Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xx. In
the Franciscan copy, which now can be
safely read, from the version of it, in the fine
folio volume, so lately copied and collated
by Joseph O'Longan and Professor
O'Looney, from the original Manuscripts, we find at the Kalends of April Aem&n
Laech, i. e. Camliccain baijichi. The are noted, on Sheets 55, 56.
County of Down," Sheets 51, 52, 54, 55. The townland of Kilbrony is on Sheets 51, 54, while the denomination of Upper Kil- brony is on Sheets 51, 52.
"• The denomination of the Killoweii Mountains is found, on the "Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County of
Down," Sheets 54, 55.
"See "Ordnance Survey Townland
Maps for the County of Down," Sheet 55. " See Rev. William Reeves' " Ecclesias- tical Antiquities of Down, Connor and Dro- more. " Appendix K, p. 207, and Calendar
LL, p. 377.
" Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
92. 93-
" The » This
Book of Lcinster, sometime called the nance Survey Townland Maps for the
volume, as published, is intituled
:
Book of Glendalough, a Collection of Pieces (Prose and Verse) in the Irish Language, compiled in part, about the middle of the Twelfth Century : now for the first time published from the original Manuscript in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, by the Royal Irish Academy," with Introduc- tion, Analysis of Contenu, and Index, by Robert Atkinson, . M. A. , LL. D. , Professor of Sanscrit and Comparative Grammar, in the University of Dublin, and Secretary of Council of the Royal Irish Academy. Dublin, 1880. "
'
It m. iy be rendered Tamlacht, of the Mourne Mountains.
* So identified, by Dr. O'Donovan.
parish
as seems not
unlikely
the
present
The wording of this saint's festival, in the Tallagh
or" * in layman,"
is noticed, on the " Ord-
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April i. ArticleIV. —St. Tuan,ofTamlacht,CountyofDown. TheBol-
incorrectly placed by
" Tuanus Alius Carilli," in their collection,' at this date, and
landists
they quote as authority, the Irish Calendar next mentioned. The Martyr- ology of Tallagh,'^ at the ist of April, inserts the name of Tuan, son of Cairill. 3 This saint is said to have been called Ruanus,'* by Giraldus Cam- brensis ; yet, we do not find any warrant for such an assertion, although, indeed, that writer has an account of a Ruanus,^ who is reported to have survived a great pestilence, which devastated Ireland, a. m. 2820. * The in- credible statement is made, that he survived to the time of St. Patrick, who baptized him, and that he lived to be 1,500 years old, when he died. ' This is one of the many fables, with which Giraldus Cambrensis was pleased to
record,
overload his writings. According to the Martyrology of Donegal,^ Tuan, son of Coirell, of Tamlachta, in Boirche, had veneration paid him, at this date. The previous identification serves, for this particular locality.
Article V. —Reputed Festival of St. Celsus, Archbishop of Armagh. According to Marianus O'Gorman and the Annals of the —Four Masters, the decease of St. Celsus is placed, at the Kalends of April the present day. However, the Roman Martyrology and the BoUandists" notice him, at the 6th of the present month.
Article VI. —The Sons of Geran, or Goran. Who these holy
persons were has not been known, nor can it be ascertained, at what
particular time they flourished. In the published Martyrology of Tallagh,' the entry, Mic or "sons of" Gerain, at the ist of April, will be found, although
the scribe. The BoUandists '' notice them, as " Filii Gorani," at this date, and on the same authority. On this day was celebrated a festival, in honour of The Sons of Gerdn, as we find recorded, in the
Martyrology of Donegal. 3
ArticleVII. —St. Gobban. TheBoUandists' have
anoticeof
merely
this holy man, at the present date. His record is found, in the Martyrology of Tallagh," at the ist of April, as Gobbani Sci. Nothing has been ascer-
tained, regarding his locality. There is a Kilgobban, in Kilgobban parish,^
•"
Article IV. — See Acta Sanctorum," 'See Giraldus Cambrensis' "Opera,"
tomus i. , Aprilis i. Among the pretermitted vol. v. Edited by James F. Dimock, M. A.
cap. 55.
" See his Life, at the 21st of November.
'* bert.
'» According to Malbranq and Menard, m "
,
Jonas was mistaken, as regards Sige-
, »,
April i. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
century. '" But, this appears to have been too early a date, for their arrival
^'
in that country," since in St. Ricarius'
it is stated, that St. Caidoc and his companion St. P'ricor entered France, during the reign of King Dagobert 1. ^5 This did not commence, before a. d.
622. He was a most potent and religious prince, anxious in every way to aid those worthy of his patronage, and especially the servants of Christ. He was husband to the ill-fated Brunechilde. The two Irishmen entered
Ponthieu =* in district,
——
were in
and both missionaries appear to have attained the same ecclesiastical rank,"' while they are not spoken of as monks. Hence, it may be inferred, that over thirty years, after the arrival of St Columbanus in France, must be allowed
for the migration of St. Caidoc and of St. Fricor, into that country.
The chief object of these holy men was to spread a knowledge of Christ's
Gospel, among people, living in that part of the country, bordering the Somme, and then known by the name Morini. Our missionaries were ill-used,'^ and
ignominiously treated, at first, by this rude nation,'' and they were almost compelled to leave, when a certain young nobleman,3° called Ricarius,^' who lived at Centule, came to their aid. '' He brought them to his house, for
protection; and,havingrepelledtheinsolenceoftheirpersecutors,hetreated those holy pilgrims with the greatest kindness and courtesy. 33 In return for such protection, the strangers announced to him lessons of Divine wisdom,
. which he received, with all humility and attention. The result was, being moved with compunction for foUies of his past life, Ricarius burst into tears, and afterwards made a confession of his sins. In fine, this generous man divided his property among the poor ; only reserving a portion of it, for a religious foundation. He erected the monastery of Centule, it is said, in the year 625,34 or as other accounts have it, in the year 627. Then he re- nounced the world and its allurements, in the retirement of this house. 35
"The date given, for this event, by eos expellere. "—Surius, "De Probatis
Malbranque, is A. D. 591, apparently relying
Sanctorum Vitis," tomus ii. , xxvi. Aprilis. Vita S. Richarii.
"
on the Chronicon. "
of a
quoted
" Richariecse
authority
" For various weighty reasons, adduced by Dr. Lanigan, it is much more probable, that they did not proceed to France, as companions of Columbanus. See " Eccle- siastical History of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap. xvi. , sect, v. , n. 31, p. 443.
" Of Centule.
Les
'' This is published by Surius, at the 26th of April.
* Saussay has it " S. Richario turn adhuc adoloscente. "
3' See Malbranq, "DeMorinis," lib. ii. ,
chap. 55.
» It is much more probable, that they
were not disciples of Columbanus, and that it was just after their landing in France, as Fleury says, that they fell in with Richarius. See " Histoire Ecclesiastique," tome viii. , liv. xxxvii. , sect, xxviii. , p. 269.
^ See Dr. " Ecclesiastical His- Lanigan's
tory of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, xvi. , sect, v. , p. 442.
'<AccordingtotheAbbeFleury. AtA. D. 627, Mabillon says, that it was founded, not
' Sumamed Flaccus.
'5 See an account of this prince, in "His- toire de France," par L. P. Anquetil, Pre- miSre Race dite des sect,
PP- 52. 53-
* " Ad pagum Pontivum," according to
Saussay, and we are told, it lay near the maritime parts of Gaul.
"7
Saussay, in his Appendix to the long before Dagobert acquired the kingdom
Picardy
others have it that
they
Belgium
Merovingiens, v. ,
Martyrology of the French Saints, states, that they were priests.
"•
In the Life of St. Ricarius, it is related : "Sed a rusticis, et popularibus illius loci propter insolentiam morum non sunt sus- cepti, nee digno eorum sanctitate honore tractati : sed magnis injuriis afflictos, et opprobriis castigates, a finibus suis caeperunt
of Neustria, after the death of his father Clotharius II. , in 628.
35 The Life of this saint, Richarius, will be found in Surius' " De Probatis Sanctorum Vitis," vol. ii. , at xxvi. Aprilis, his festival. See, also, the Rev. Alban Butler's "Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and other principal Saints," vol. iv. , at the 26th of April.
Life,'3 written by Albin, or Alcuin,'*
»» See Le Comte de Montalembert's Moines de I'Occident," tome ii. , liv. , ix. , chap, v. , sect, v. , p. 607.
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April i.
CHAPTER II.
THE JOURNEY OF RICHARIUS TO ROME, IN COMPANY WITH ST. CAIDOC—ASSUMING THE MONASTIC HABIT, RICHARIUS RECEIVES DIRECTION AND ADVICE FROM THE IRISH MISSIONARIES—THEIR DEATH AND HONOURS PAID TO THEIR MEMORY—MARTYR- OLOGIES COMMEMORATING THEM—CONCLUSION.
RICHARIUS is said to have proceeded towards Rome, in company with St. Caidoc' On their return, the latter embraced a monastic life, in Centule Monastery,overwliichRichariuspresidedasAbbot. But,theSuperior,not- withstanding, received the instruction of his first teachers, as from Caidoc and Fricor he had already learned many useful lessons, regarding the monastic state. St. Caidoc, with his companion Fricor, who changed his name to Adrien, after the conversion of Richarius, and protected by his in- fluence, preached the Gospel with considerable success, among the Morini.
St. Caidoc died, about the year 640, and he was buried in Centule
Monastery. Thetomb,placedoverhisremains,beingdefacedthroughthe effects of time, St. Angilbert, who was Abbot of Centule, in the rejgn of
Charlemagne, had it restored. ' An epitaph was inscribed upon it, in golden letters,3andintheLatinlanguage. * St. FricoralsobecameamonkatCen- tule, and he was there buried. According to Mabillon's arrangement, these transactions are placed, under a. d. 627. 5 The date for this saint's death, as likewise, for that of his companion, Caidoc, is assigned by the English Martyrology,* to about a. d. 640. The sacred remains of both saints were preserved, at Ponthieu, and they were held, by the faithful, in great vene- ration. ? The names of St. Caidoc, or Caidan, as also of St. Fricor, or Adrien, are placed at the ist day of April, in the English Martyrology of John Wilson ; while by Dempster,* and by Philip Ferrarius,' they are noticed, at the same date. Father Stephen White '° commemorates both St. Adrian and St. Cadoch, on the ist of April, at Ponthieu. In the Anonymous Catalogue, as published by O'SuUevan Beare," at the ist of April, both those
Chapter ii. —' to xxxi. Martii. Vitae Sanctorum According Saussay's niae,"
Gallic Martyrology. Adriani et Caidoci, p. 799.
'"'
See, xxxi. Martii.
Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae," Vitse SS. Adriani et Caidoci,
It is remarked hiy Colgan, that Demspter was the rather unsafe guide, followed by the
English Martyrology and by Ferrarius, and
p. 797-
3 See the second Appendix to Hugh
he preferred to place those festivals, at the " *'
Menard's Martyrologium Benedictinum. —" * The following were the metrical lines :
31st of March : quam in aliam nobis aeque
incertam cum citati diflferre, pra:sertim
videantur sequuti fidem Dempsterii ; qui Sanctis ad placitum natales, uti et patriam his, nempe novam Scotiam assigiiat ; in au—a nee pedem unquam posuisse leguntur. ' Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae," xxxi. Martii, n. i, p. 799. Although Dempster may be a doubtful authority, yet as he has been followed by Ferrarius and the English Martjrrology, in assigning the 1st of April, as the day of these saints' festivals, I have preferred their arrangement, to the more arbitrary one of Colgan.
"
Mole sub hac tegitur Cadiocus jure Sacerdos,
Scotia quem genuit, Gallica terra tegit,
Hie Domini Christi, gaudens praecepta secutus ;
Contempsit patrias, mente beatus opes. Hinc sibi concrevit, centeni Copia fruc-
tus ;
Et meruit aetherei prasmia larga soli.
Hinc Anoilbertus, fretus pietate magistri, Et tumulo carmen condidit et tumu-
lum. "
5 See "Annales Ordinis S. Benedict! ,"
tomus i. , lib.
"
i. , lib. iv. , cap. xii. , p. 56.
xi. , sect. Ix. , p. 336. Written by John Wilson.
See O'Sullevnn Beare's
Historiae
'
' See •' Colgan's
Acta SiUictorum Hiber-
» In Catalogo Generali.
"See " iv. , p. 41.
Apologia pro
Hibemia,"
cap.
" Catholicas Iberniae Compendium," tomus
April i. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
saints are set down as Sadoc " and Adrianus. Henry Fitzsimon has them— as bishops—at this same date's In addition, Colgan appears to have in- tended treating about St. Cadoc and Adrian, at the ist of April. '* Such arrangement we prefer adopting, for a reason, so far as we are aware, that there is no contradictory statement, calculated to disprove this latter date, for the festival of these holypersons, who laboured so zealously to serve their fellow- beings, and whose merits were so well appreciated by the people, for whom theyprayedandwatched. Theirmissionwaspeace,andtheirmostardent desires were manifested, by bringing into the pale of Christ's Church scattered flocks, straying from the paths of duty, or moving in the by-places of darkness anderror. Thatmenmightbecomfortedandenriched,byspiritualblessings, was their object ; while the communications of the Holy Ghost to his elect were revealed to happy souls, desirous to obtain heavenly treasures, through the shepherds who guided them to sweet pastures.
Article H. —St. Ceallach, or Kellachus, Archbishop of Armagh, County OF Ar-Magh. \Ninth Century^ The Bollandists have observed, that at the ist of April, in the Martyrologies of Marianus O'Gorman and of Donegal,acertainKellachus,thesonofSoerguss,wascommemorated. He
'
asserts, that his name is not to be found among the Prelates of that see, as -hewasonlyasuffraganBishopofSt. Malbrigid. ' Thelatterissaidtohave occupied the see of Armagh, for a long time, both before and after the exercise of episcopal functions, by the present holy man, who is thought to have died,
a. d. 898,* or as some say, 903. 5 There is, likewise, a Ceallach,* Deacon of Gleann-da-locha, in Leinster, adds the O'Clerys' Calendar. Whosoever of these two saints is called Ceallach, son of Connmach, must have been in-
"
Patrick of the fort of Macha loves," &c. This is still known as the great fortress, on a most commanding site, about two miles west of where the city of Armagh is built,
and it remained, during many centuries, the chief seat of the kings of Ulster. The fortress and its circumvallations were planned,' by the heroine, Macha Mongrua, or Macha of the Red Hair, the daughter of Aedh Ruadh. ' In Irish traditional history, she was a famous queen, who flourished seven
is called an anchoret, as also an Archbishop of Armagh ; although Colgan
tended in this stanza, which is in the Poem,' beginning with,
** a for Cadoc. Evidently misprint
Sancto- mantle muin, 'neck,") and (eo, "pin,"
'* They are so set down, in his "Catalogus
" The Vita S. Richarii, Mart. Anglic,
and Surius, are cited, in reference to Saints
Adrianus and Caidocus, Epis. , in Henry the plan of the fort with the neclc pin of her
Fitz->imon's " rum Hibemiae. "
Actuum Sanctorum
ordini Mensium—et Dicrum. "
MS.
hence its name ; while she compelled the sons of Uithorb to worlc at its erection.
See " Cambrensis Eversus," Gr. itianus
Catalogus aliquorum
Article ii. 'See "Acta Sanctorum,"
tomusi. , Aprilisi. Amongthepretermitted saints, p. 2.
•See "Trias Thaumaturga," Septima Appendix ad Acta S. Patricii, pars, iii. , p. 296.
' His Life has been given, at the 22nd of February, the day for his feast.
* According to Dr. O'Donovan's " Annals of the Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 558, 559.
i. , pp. 442, 443. »RedHughandhiscousinsDithorbaand
Kimlioath, by agreement ruled Erin in turn, each for seven years ; and at the end of his third reign of seven years. Red Hugh was drowned at the waterfall, thence called Eas Aedha-Ruaidh, " As-a-roe. " Uilhorba and Kimboath having each reigned seven years alter this, Macha claimed to reign as her father's successor. . She was relused, but
quae
habentur,
by
Lucius, edited by Rev. Matthew Kelly, vol.
5 See Harris' Ware, vol. i. , "Arch- fought a iiattle, in which she defeated both
bishops of Armagh," p. 47.
* This saint is venerated, at the 7th of
October.
her antagonists. Uitliorba was soon afier- wards slain, and Macha toolt Kimboath as her husband and gave him the sovereignty.
' This metrical eflimon Cuimin of Coin- deire is said to have composed,
' that Macha drew Legend says, Queen
6 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April i. centuriesbeforetheChristianera. TheLatinformofthenamegiventoher
" an Avam. " " The large earthen mounds still encircle the hill, which is now corruptly called"TheNavan. " Incourseoftime,theadjoiningcitytookfromitthe nameArdMacha,"theheightofMacha,"nowArmagh. Acorrectdrawing
palace was Emania, from the Irish, an Eamam,^° pronounced,
Fort of Emania, near Armagh.
of this very remarkable fort is here presented. " The upper portion repre-
sents a low mound, on a hill, and partly fenced with stone. The compart-
ment below, and the intervening space, formed a circumvallation, anciently formed of stone, and in point of fact, it was a huge cashel, with its defences. The lowest portion, at present under tillage, seems to have constituted an outward line of defence, although owing to the changes of time, its exact character cannot now be defined. 's In the Martyrology of Donegal, we read, that a St. Ceallach obtained from God, to be blind, deaf and lame ;'< yet, we cannot state, that he was identical, with the present holy man. Colgan mentions a St. Keallach, Abbot of Hy, at the ist of April ;'5 but, it
After his death she ruled Erin for seven years. See "The Irish Penny Magazine," vol. i. , No. 2. Ancient Irish Biography, pp. lo, II.
'°
Sometimes called Eamain-Macha.
" See a notice of this locality, by William Allingham, in a paper "On the Names of Places in Ireland," published in Frazer's
" The was drawn on the original
ful works in bronze, enamel, glass, stone and iron have been discovered, a collection of which now forms the Museum of the
College of S. Columba, Rathfarnham, County Dublin. —
'' Thus Cuimin says :
" Ceallach, son of Connmach, loved
The religion which tormented his body, Blindness, deafness, lameness
Which was a severe re-
quest. "
'S See "Trias Thaumaturga," Quinta Appendix ad Acta S. Columbse, cap. iii. , sect, v. , p. 502.
Magazine.
spot, by W. J. P. Malcernan, Esq. , and transferred to the wood, by William F. Wakeman. It
granted him,
was engraved by Mrs. Millard.
'3
1 have been informed, by Mr. Wake- man, that at the Navan Rath, most wonder-
April i. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
is clear, that he was a distinct personage. '* He died a. d. 8io, recte 815,
according to Dr. O'Donovan's " Annals of the Four Masters. " ' The
Martyrology of Donegal,'' at this day, records the name of Ceallach, successor to St Patrick.
Article III. —St. Aedhan Laech, of Cill-Aedhain, probably in THE County of Down. A saint is, in the highest sense, a true benefactor to the cause of humanity, although we may little discover about the particulars of his life. At this
their great work. '
I St of
place was within the county of Down, if saintwasconnectedwithCill-Aedhain,*plundereda. d. 1149. ' Theexisting name and situation of Cill Aedhain do not appear to have been identified, until the late Dr. O'Donovan offered that solution, but the denomination is rendered Aedhan's Cell.
April,
laech,
supposed,
Aidan
i. e. Tamlachtain Bairci. ' It is — that this
—
seemsto thathewasa" Martyrology, imply,
the BoUandists have " Aidanus Lsech " in entered,
date,
In the Martyrology of Tallagh,* we have inserted, at the
soldier,"
Tamlaght Boirche. ' If such be the case, his locality must be sought, among
the mountains of Moume, in or near the parishes of Kilkeel,' barony of Moume, or of Kilbrony,' barony of Upper Iveagh, and county of Down. Perhaps, it might be identical with KiIlowen,'° in Kilbrony parish. In the
-townland of Lisnacree," at the south-west edge of the parish of Kilkeel, is
thegraveyardofTamlachtchapel. " Onthisday,wefindAedhan,ofCill
Aedb;iin, in Ulster, registered in the Martyrology of Donegal, '3 as having been venerated.
*See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's "Life of St. Columba," Additional Notes, O. Cbronicon Hyense, p. 388.
5 By the Cinell-Conaill, Cinel-E^ghain,
ii. , pp.
' The word XAet is thus rendered, in
O'Reilly's "Irish-English Dictionary," sub. voce.
' This denomination is not found, it may be observed, on the Ordnance Survey Maps for Down.
' This extensive parish is marked, on the "Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Down, Sheets 48, 49, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57. The townland itself and town
' See vol. i. , pp. 422, 423.
and Airghialla, while under the leadership of the son of Niall 0"Loughlin, when they invaded Ulidia. See Dr. O'Donovan's " Annals of the Four vol.
'" Edited
by
Drs. Todd and
Reeves, pp.
Masters," 1088, 1089, and n. (o). Ibid.
92. 93-
Article hi. —" See "AcU Sanctorum,"
tomus i. , Aprilis i. Among the pretermitted saints, p. 3.
•
Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xx. In
the Franciscan copy, which now can be
safely read, from the version of it, in the fine
folio volume, so lately copied and collated
by Joseph O'Longan and Professor
O'Looney, from the original Manuscripts, we find at the Kalends of April Aem&n
Laech, i. e. Camliccain baijichi. The are noted, on Sheets 55, 56.
County of Down," Sheets 51, 52, 54, 55. The townland of Kilbrony is on Sheets 51, 54, while the denomination of Upper Kil- brony is on Sheets 51, 52.
"• The denomination of the Killoweii Mountains is found, on the "Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County of
Down," Sheets 54, 55.
"See "Ordnance Survey Townland
Maps for the County of Down," Sheet 55. " See Rev. William Reeves' " Ecclesias- tical Antiquities of Down, Connor and Dro- more. " Appendix K, p. 207, and Calendar
LL, p. 377.
" Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
92. 93-
" The » This
Book of Lcinster, sometime called the nance Survey Townland Maps for the
volume, as published, is intituled
:
Book of Glendalough, a Collection of Pieces (Prose and Verse) in the Irish Language, compiled in part, about the middle of the Twelfth Century : now for the first time published from the original Manuscript in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, by the Royal Irish Academy," with Introduc- tion, Analysis of Contenu, and Index, by Robert Atkinson, . M. A. , LL. D. , Professor of Sanscrit and Comparative Grammar, in the University of Dublin, and Secretary of Council of the Royal Irish Academy. Dublin, 1880. "
'
It m. iy be rendered Tamlacht, of the Mourne Mountains.
* So identified, by Dr. O'Donovan.
parish
as seems not
unlikely
the
present
The wording of this saint's festival, in the Tallagh
or" * in layman,"
is noticed, on the " Ord-
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April i. ArticleIV. —St. Tuan,ofTamlacht,CountyofDown. TheBol-
incorrectly placed by
" Tuanus Alius Carilli," in their collection,' at this date, and
landists
they quote as authority, the Irish Calendar next mentioned. The Martyr- ology of Tallagh,'^ at the ist of April, inserts the name of Tuan, son of Cairill. 3 This saint is said to have been called Ruanus,'* by Giraldus Cam- brensis ; yet, we do not find any warrant for such an assertion, although, indeed, that writer has an account of a Ruanus,^ who is reported to have survived a great pestilence, which devastated Ireland, a. m. 2820. * The in- credible statement is made, that he survived to the time of St. Patrick, who baptized him, and that he lived to be 1,500 years old, when he died. ' This is one of the many fables, with which Giraldus Cambrensis was pleased to
record,
overload his writings. According to the Martyrology of Donegal,^ Tuan, son of Coirell, of Tamlachta, in Boirche, had veneration paid him, at this date. The previous identification serves, for this particular locality.
Article V. —Reputed Festival of St. Celsus, Archbishop of Armagh. According to Marianus O'Gorman and the Annals of the —Four Masters, the decease of St. Celsus is placed, at the Kalends of April the present day. However, the Roman Martyrology and the BoUandists" notice him, at the 6th of the present month.
Article VI. —The Sons of Geran, or Goran. Who these holy
persons were has not been known, nor can it be ascertained, at what
particular time they flourished. In the published Martyrology of Tallagh,' the entry, Mic or "sons of" Gerain, at the ist of April, will be found, although
the scribe. The BoUandists '' notice them, as " Filii Gorani," at this date, and on the same authority. On this day was celebrated a festival, in honour of The Sons of Gerdn, as we find recorded, in the
Martyrology of Donegal. 3
ArticleVII. —St. Gobban. TheBoUandists' have
anoticeof
merely
this holy man, at the present date. His record is found, in the Martyrology of Tallagh," at the ist of April, as Gobbani Sci. Nothing has been ascer-
tained, regarding his locality. There is a Kilgobban, in Kilgobban parish,^
•"
Article IV. — See Acta Sanctorum," 'See Giraldus Cambrensis' "Opera,"
tomus i. , Aprilis i. Among the pretermitted vol. v. Edited by James F. Dimock, M. A.
