No More Learning

, who, then the 20th year
Lancaster, his age, was
son
appointed lord lieutenant Ireland for ten years;
Dalkey with strong force the 13th November, 1401, but returned England A. D. 1403, leaving sir Stephen Scroope his deputy Ireland. 1404, James Butler, earl Ormond, was appointed lord justice; and 1405, Gerald Fitzgerald, earl Kildare, succeeded lord deputy; 1406, sir Stephen Scroope
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194 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1401.
Manus, son of Cuchonacht O'Reilly, the intended lord of Muintir Maolmordha (Cavan), died.
Conor, son of Donal, son of Niall Garv, son of Hugh, son of Donal Oge O'Donnell, went on a predatory excursion across the mountain eastward in Tirconnell, and he and Owen Roe Mac Sweeny fell by each other’s hands.
The sons of Flaherty O’Rourke being expelled from Brefney, went into Tirconnell, from whence they brought with them a party of the Tirconnel lians into Brefney, where they committed great
Butler the younger, earl of Ormond, was lord justice. In 1408,
on the second of August, Thomas, Duke of Lancaster, came again
to Ireland as lord lieutenant, and landed with a large force at Car lingford. In the same year, according toTaaffe and others, a great battle was fought on the plaims of Kilmainham, near Dublin, by the Irish under Art Mac Murrogh O'Cavenach, against the English forces commanded by the duke of Lancaster, in which the English were defeated with great slaughter, particularly at a ford on the Liffey, which was so heaped with dead bodies, that the river was reddened with the blood of the slain, and hence designated Ath cro, or the bloody ford; and the bridge erected there afterwards was known by the name of Bloody Bridge, in modern times Bar rack Bridge. In this battle the duke of Lancaster was severely wounded, and narrowly escaped with his life; he soon after re tired to England, leaving Thomas Butler, prior of Kilmainham,
son of the duke of Ormond, as lord deputy.
A. D. 1401.
1. The two Mac Williams here mentioned were styled Mac William Eighter and Mac William Oughter, two great branches of the Burkes of Connaught, the oneancestorsof the Burkes, earls of Clanrickard, the other of the Burkes, earls of Mayo, of whom ac counts have been given in the notes on North and South Con naught.
Ormond and Desies. In this article will be given the history and topography of the territories comprised in the present counties of Tipperary and Waterford, together with their chiefs and clans,
and the possessionsof each in ancient and moderntimes, collected from the topographies of O'Heerin, O'Brien, and O'Halloran, O'Flaherty's Ogygia, Keating, Ware, Giraldus Cambrensis, Cam den, O'Conor's Rerum Hib. Scrip. , Lanigan's Ecclesistical History, the Annals of the Four Masters and of Inisfallen, Lodge's and other Peerages, Mac Geoghegan's Ireland, Smith's History of Waterford, the Map of Ortelius, Surveys, and various other works.
Ormond, in Irish Oir Mumhan, Oir Mumha, or Urmhumha,
signifying East Munster, was one of the large divisions of ancient Munster, as explained in the note on Thomond, and the Kingdom of Munster, at A. D. 1364. Ancient Ormond extended from Gabh ran, now Gowran, in the county of Kilkenny, and westward to Cnamhchoill, or Cleathchoill, near the town of Tipperary, and from Bearman Eile, now Barnamelly, a parish in the county of Tippe rary, in which is situated the Devil's Bit Mountain, and from thence southward to Oilean-ui-Bhric, or O'Bric's Island, near Bonmahon, on the coast of Waterford, thus comprising the greater part of Tipperary, with parts of the counties of Kilkenny and Wa terford. The name of Ormond is still retained in the two baronies of Ormond, in Tipperary.
Desies, in Irish Deise, was an ancient territory comprising the greater part of Waterford, with a part of Tipperary, and got name from the tribe the Deisigh, called also Desii. These Desii, Desians, were descended from Fiacha Suidhe, son Feilimidh Reachtmar, who was monarch Ireland the second century. This Fiacha Suidhe was brother the celebrated Con
the Hundred Battles, monarch Ireland; hence the Desians,
plunder on O’Rourke, which they carried off into Tirconnell.
A. D. 140l.
Malachy O'Kelly, lord of Hy Maine, a man of great hospitality and humanity, and Thomas, son of sir Edmond Burke, that is Edmond Albanach, the son of William, lord of the English of Con naught, died, after having gained the victory of re pentance; two Mac Williams' were appointed after
his descendants, were branch the Heremonians; they pos
sessed Meath large territory, called from them Deise, Deise Teamrach, that Deise Tara, being situated near Tara, and the
name this ancient territory still retained
the two baronies Cormac, monarch Deise Meath,
Deece, Ireland
grandson
the county Meath. the reign the third century, Aongus, prince
Fiacha Suidhe, resenting the exclusion his own
branch from the monarchy, waged rebellion against king Cormac,
and with body forces broke into the palace Tara, wounded
Cormac, and killed his son Ceallach, 278; but Cormac,
having quelled the rebellion seven successive battles, drove Aongus and his accomplices into Munster, where they got settle
ments from Oilioll Olum, king Munster, who granted them the lands extending from the river Suir southward the sea, and from Lismore Cean Criadain, Creadan Head, thus comprising almost the whole the territory afterwards called Waterford, and they gave that country the name Deise, Nandesi, which was called Deisi Munster, distinguish from Deise Meath. The Desians becoming numerous and powerful Munster, Aongus, king Munster the fifth century, conferred them additional lands, and annexed their territory Magh Feimin, which extended north the river Suir, far Corca Eathrach, comprising the country called Machaire Caisil, the Plain Cashel, and dis tricts about Clonmel, forming the present barony Middlethird, with part Offa, Tipperary. The territory comprised this grant king Aongus was distinguished the name Deise Tuaisceart, North Desie, and the old territory, Waterford, was called Deise Deisceart, South Desie. The name Desie still retained the two baronies Decies, the county Waterford. The two principal families the Desians were the O’Felans, styled princes Desies, and the O'Brics,
The Menapians. According
his Map Ancient Ireland,
Ware, the Menapii were the inhabitants the territories now forming the counties Waterford and Wexford, chiefly located along the sea coasts. These Menapians were colony from Belgic Gaul, Northern Germany, according Camden, which coincides with the accounts our ancient annalists; for these Menapians from Belgium were the same the Firbolg, i. e. Viri Belgici, Belgian men our old writers, who state that Inver Slaine,
the Bay Slaney, from which the river Slaney Wexford de rives its name, was the chief landing place the first Firbolgs who arrived Ireland. Caesar, his commentaries, speaks the Menapians Belgic Gaul very valiant people, whose manner making war the Romans was, retiring with their valuable property, cattle, &c. into woods, morasses, and inacessi ble places, and thence making sudden assaults upon the Romans,
mode warfare precisely similar that adopted by the Irish clans against the English. Caesar, order subdue them, em ployed his army cutting down the woods, and wasting their villages; and the same plans were put into practice by king Richard II. Ireland, detailed note these Annals the year 1399. On Ptolemy's Map the city Menapia considered
that afterwards called Wexford, but others suppose have been Waterford.
The Coriondi, whom account has beengiven the note
chiefs Desies.
the Greek geographer Ptolemy,
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on Desmond, as some of the ancient inhabitants of Cork, are placed on Ptolemy's Map also in the territory afterwards called Tippe rary; and according to Ptolemy's Map, by Ware, the Udaei, or Ouodiai, also inhabited part of Tipperary, and appear to be the
same as the Clanna Deagha, or Ua Deghaidh of the Irish writers, called Degadii by Charles O'Conor; and these Degadians were
celebrated ancient tribes in Munster, who originally emigrated
from Ulster, and of whom an account has been given in the notes on Thomond and Desmond.
Cathal Roe Mac Rannall, chief of Muintir Eo of Malachy Mac Rannall.
bably preached the Gospel there before his time. St. Ailbe, of Emly, is celebrated as the patron saint of Munster; Declan of Ard more,and Ibar of Wexford, were also celebrated saints at the same time, in the fifth century, and these, together with Carthach of Lismore, Finbarr of Cork, and Brendan of Kerry, are the cele brated patron saints of Munster.
Danish Wars. -In the beginning of the ninth century, the Scandinavians or Danes, Swedes and Norwegians, invaded Ire land, and during the whole of the ninth and tenth centuries, made several expeditions hither, with powerful fleets and forces, and ravaged and laid waste the entire country, repeatedly plundering and burning abbeys, churches, colleges, cities, and towns, with all the violence of Pagan fury. The celebrated Danish king and warrior Regnar Lodbrog, who had overrun a great part of Eng land, also invaded Ireland with a powerful force, in the beginning of the ninth century, and fought many great battles with the Irish kings, asnarrated in the Danish chronicles of Snorro Sturleson, Saxo Grammaticus, and Torfeus, in Johnstone's Celto-Scandina vian and Celto-Normanic Antiquities, and in Turner's Anglo
REIGN OF HENRY IV. 195
Thomas Burke, namely, Ulic, son of Ricard Oge,
was made Mac William, and Walter, son of Tho
mas Burke was made another Mac William, but
yielded submission to Mac William of Clanricard, luis, was slain at Druim Chubra, by Geoffrey, son in seniority.
In the early ages, as already explained in the notes on Tho
mond and Desmond, the Heberians and Ithians alternately ruled
as kings of Munster. In the third century the Heberians, or race
of Heber, were divided into three great branches, namely, the
Eugenians, Dalcassians, and Clan Kian, and kings of the Euge
nian and Dalcassian race alternately ruled over Munster, from the
third to the eleventh century. The Dalcassians were kings of
Thomond, or the counties of Clare, Limerick, and part of Tippe
rary, and the head family of them were the O'Briens, kings of
Thomond. The Eugenians were kings of Desmond, or the counties
of Cork and Kerry, with parts of Tipperary and Waterford, and Saxons. It is said that Regnar remained a year at Dublin, and the head family of them were the MacCarthys, kings of Desmond.
The other branch of the Heberians, called Clan Kian, were chiefly
located in Ormond, and an account of them will be given in the
subsequent part of the present article. In the third century
Donal O’Malley, lord of Umalia (in Mayo), died at an advanced age.
i
amongst the Irish kings he had conquered, are mentioned Mel bric and Marstein, and three kings of Leinster. Amongst the battles fought by Regnar with the Irish kings, is mentioned one at Vedra Fiord or Waterford, and in the Epicedium, or Death song of Regnar Lodbrog, translated by Johnstone from the Danish, occurs the following passage respecting this great battle:—
Fiacha Muilleathan, a celebrated king of Munster, had his resi
dence at Rath Naoi, near Cashel, now called Knock-Raffan, and
this Fiacha granted to Cairbre Musc, son of the king of Meath, a
famous bard, as a reward for his poems, an extensive territory,
called from him Muscrith Tire, comprising the two present baro
nies of Ormond, in the county of Tipperary, The kings of Des
mond, of the Eugenian race, were also styled kings of Cashel, as
they chiefly resided there. The name of Cashel, in Irish, Caisiol,
or Caiseal, signifies a stone fortress or castle; or, according to
others, a rock; or, as stated in Cormac's Glossary, is derived
from Cios rent, and ail, a rock, signifying the rock of tribute,
as the people paid tribute there to the kings. The for
tress of the kings was situated on the great rock of Cashel, and
Corc, king of Munster, of the Eugenian race, in the fourth cen
tury, was the first who made Cashel a royal residence; and the
surrounding country was called Corca Eathrach, a territory which
was first possessed by the descendants of Amergin, oneof the sons
of Milesius, and extended from Tipraid-Farann, near the abbey of ster, but were defeated by Art, son of Cathal, king of Munster,
Holy Cross, to Dunandreas, and northward to Knockraffan; it was near Lough Lein, or the Lakes of Killarney. Felim, son of Crim
than, of the Eugenian race, a celebrated warrior, was about this period king of Cashel, and defeated the Danish forces in a great battle, and pursued them to their ships with great slaughter. Felim, having resigned the crown, becamea monk and died, A. D. 846. Olchobhar, bishop of Emly, of the Eugenian race, suc
ceeded Felim as king of Cashel, and assisted by Lorcan, king of Leinster, they collected their forces, and A. D. 848, fought a great battle with the Danes, according to the Annals of Inisfallen, at Sgiath Neachtain, in Desies, in which the foreigners were defeated, and twelve hundred of them slain, together with the princes Tomar and Eric, their chief commanders; and in two other battles, the same year, seventeen hundred of the Danish forces were slain by the Irish, under Olchobar. It has been stated by some writers that Olchohar himself was killed in one of those battles, but that account is erroneous, for he did not die till A. D. 850, as mentioned by Lanigan, and in Ware's Bishops of Emly. A. D. 831, the Dales and Norwegians landed a power ful force at Waterford, and proceeding to Lismore, plundered and burned its celebrated college, together with the churches and city. A. D. 833, Cork and Lismore were plundered and burned by the Danes. A. D. 842, Cork, Ferns, and Clonfert were plundered and burned, and their bishops slain by the Danes; and the abbey of
2C2
also called Machaire Chaisil or the plain of Cashel, and also Eogan acht Cashel. This Corc, before he became king of Munster, re sided some time in Albany or North Britain, where he married Mongfinna, daughter of Feredach, king of the Picts, and the princes descendedfrom this marriage were, as stated in O'Flaherty's Ogygia (vol. II. p. 304), progenitors of the great Stewarts or earls of Len nox and Marr in Scotland. Nathfrach, son of Corc, by Abinda, daughter of Aongus, prince of Corca Luighe, became king of Mun ster, and his son, Aongus, was the first Christian king of Munster.
St. Patrick, according to Lanigan and other authorities, pro ceeded on his mission to Munster, A. D. 445, and spent seven years in his conversion of the people of that province to the Chris tian faith. He converted Aongus, king of Munster, at Cashel, and a remarkable circumstance is mentioned as having occurred at the baptismal ceremony, the king's foot having beenaccidentally pierced by the iron point of St. Patrick's staff or crozier, on which he inadvertently leant, but the king patiently bore the pain, con sidering it a part of the ceremony. According to Usher, O'Fla herty, and others, the Christian faith was propagated to some ex tent in Munster by SS. Ailbe, Declan, and Ibar, as precursors of St. Patrick, but Lanigan doubts these accounts, and states that those saints, though contemporary with Saint Patrick, had not pro
“In heaps promiscuous were piled the enemy,
Glad was the kindred of the Falcon,
From the clamorous shouts they boded an approaching
feast
Marstein, Erin's king, whelmed by the iron sleet, Allayed the hunger of the Wolf and Eagle,
And the slain at Vedra’s Ford
Became the raven's booty. ”
Among the Scandinavians the wolf and raven were sacred to their great Deity Odin ; hence they are here mentioned by the Danish poet, and the figure of a raven was also the chief ensign borne on the Danish standards in battle.
A. D. 812, the Danes landed a powerful force in West Mun
196 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1401.
Mulruana, son of Cathal Roe Mac Rannall, was slain by the sons of the same Malachy, while they were in pursuit of prey.
Tir-da-glas, Tipperary, was also destroyed by the Danes. A. D. 845, the Danes, under Turgesius, ravaged and plundered Emly, Lorrha, and Tir-da-glas, Tipperary. 848, the Eugenians Cashel defeated the Danes battle Dun Maoltuile,
which five hundred the foreigners were slain.
853, Aulaf, Norwegian prince, together with his
brothers, Sitric and Ivar, landed Ireland with great force; Aulaf took possession Dublin, Ivar Limerick, and Sitric Waterford, and having enlarged and fortified those cities, they
Conor Anabaidh O'Kelly assumed the lordship of Hy Maine, after his father.
The Rock of Lough Key Roscommon), was
also high priests, the great family the Maccabees, Judas Macabeus and his brothers were the same time high priests and
Wexford, Limerick, and Cork, for period more than two hundred years, and even
slain. prince king
centuries, according the Annals Inisfallen and others, the Danes are mentioned having frequently landed their forces with
powerful fleets Loch-da-chaoch Desies, now the bay Waterford. 872, Ceanfaoladh, bishop Emly, the Eugenian race, who had succeeded Olchobar king Cashel, died. Cormac, son Cuillionain, generally called Cormac Mac Cuillionain, becamebishop Cashel, and king Munster;
the notes Thomond and Desmond. The Battle Roscrea. — great annual fair was ancient times held Roscrea, Tippe rary, which commenced the festival SS. Peter and Paul, and
continued fourteen days, attended merchants from all parts Ireland, and even from foreign countries. The Danes Limerick, whose chief that time was Tomar, together with those Wa terford, and also the Danes Connaught, formed the project attacking and plundering the people this fair, and seizing the immense quantities merchandize and treasure collected there. Olfin, chief the Danes Connaught, was their principal leader, and marched his men secretly possible detached parties through Galway towards the Shannon, and embarking their boats, crossed the river great numbers. On their landing Ormond, an alarm was communicated throughout the entire country lighting fires; and the Irish having collected their forces, and joined great numbers the people the fair, armed themselves expeditiously, and assailing the enemy every side, with deter mined bravery, the Danes were totally defeated, and four thousand
them, together with their general, Olfin, were slain.
and
appears paying commerce.
tioned that the Danes plundered and burned Lismore. 916, the Danes Waterford marched into Meath, and plundered the entire country; and the same year, according the Annals Ulster, Reginald, son Ivar, came with his ships Waterford.
941, according the Annals Innisfallen, the Danes were defeated Desies and Ferns, Ceallachan, king Cashel, and the men Munster, and two thousand the foreigners were
settled them colonies Danes and Norwegians the Irish kings partly gave them permission
them some tribute, and for the purpose carrying
The Danes afterwards also got possession Danish colonies continued under their own rulers the cities Dublin, Waterford,
down the Anglo-Norman invasion the twelfth century. king Tara. Accounts various great victories gained over the 859, Maolguala, son Dongaile, king Desmond, was Danes Ceallachan, king Cashel, Brian Boru, and his brother
killed with stones the Danes. During the ninth and tenth Mahon, the latter end the tenth century, have been given
Cork, and those kings, the chief
the same year the celebrated Murcheartach Mac Neill, Oileach, Ulster, having some contests with Ceallachan, Cashel, marched his forces Munster, and took Ceallachan prisoner, whom delivered into the hands Donogh Mac Floinn,
military leaders
large force the prince
the Jewish people. 914 the Danes landed Waterford, but were defeated with great slaughter Idrone; and the years 913 and 915 men
was the Eugenian race, and, according fallen, was born 837, and became king
the Annals Munster,
Inis
901. 906, Flann Sionna, monarch roll, king Leinster, having marched laid waste the country far Limerick;
Ireland, and Car army into Munster, but 907, Cor
mac Mac Cuillionain, having collected the Munster forces, and joined Lorcan, king Thomond, marched into Leinster and
defeated the army the monarch Flann Sionna,
great battle Fercall, King's 908, the the kings Meath, Ulster, Connaught,
the heath Moylena
county), and forced Flann
monarch Flann, aided
and Leinster, collected powerful army for the invasion Mun
ster, marched into Leinster, but Cormac Mac Cuillionain, having
collected the forces Munster and Ossory, both armies met and
fought tremendous battle Beallach Mughna, which the terford, was slain. 1000, Ivar, king the Danes Water Munster army was defeated and according the Annals ford, died and 1003, Reginald, son Ivar, succeeded Inisfallen, six thousand them, together with Cormac Mac king, and built the fortress called Reginald's Tower, still standing Cuillionain himself, and many princes and chiefs, were slain. The under the name Ring Tower. 1023, Sitric, king the battle Beallach Mughna was fought Tuesday, the 16th Dames Waterford, was killed the people Ossory.
August, 908, and the place now known Ballymoon, 1036, Reginald, son Ivar, king the Danes Waterford, was near Old Leighlin, the county Carlow; was also called killed Dublin, Sitric, king the Danes Dublin; and the battle Magh Ailbe Moyalbe, signifying the White A. D. 1038 Commanus, son Raban, king the Danes Water Plain. King Cormac's body being found amongst the slain, ford, was killed, and the city Waterford was burned Dermod was, according some accounts, buried Cashel, but Keat Mac Maol-na-mbo, king Leinster. 1038, the Danes ing says, the abbey Castledermott, Kildare. Cormac Dublin marched Waterford, which they plundered and burned; Mac Cuillionain was one of the most eminent of the Irish ec and 1089, the Danes Dublin, Waterford, and Wicklow, clesiastics, and highly extolled all our old annalists for with their combined forces, marched attack Cork, but were de his learning, wisdom, piety, munificence, and other virtues; feated the Irish with great slaughter. The Danes, having been and famous the author the celebrated Psalter Cashel, converted Christianity, Waterford was erected into bishop's
place the barony give him hostages.
which account given the present article. King see, 1096, and Malchus, Dame, who was Benedictine
monk, was appointed its first bishop. 1136 Melisa O'Han mire, the Danish bishop Waterford, died; and Tostius, another
Cormac his will bequeathed forty ounces gold, and the same silver various churches, with great number gold and silver chalices, silken vestments, ornamented mass-books, and
Dane, succeeded him.
The Anglo-Norman Invasion. —Waterford celebrated the
many other valuable articles, and directed his Psalter pre
served Cashel, for the information future ages. few years
after the death Cormac, Flaherty, bishop Inis Catha Lime
rick, became king Cashel; and remarkable circumstance
that, mentioned above, Olchobar and Ceannfaeladh were the
same time bishops Emly and kings Cashel, Munster; and ditions Ireland. A. 1169, the month May, Robert Cormac Mac Cuillionian was also both bishop Cashel and king Fitzstephen, Maurice Fitzgerald, David Barry, Hervey Monte
Munster; but similar instances are found the history other Marisco, Myler Fitzhenry, Maurice Prendergast, and other chiefs nations, amongst the Jews their temporal princes were often from Wales, being the first the Anglo-Normans who invaded
the Irish Annals are mentioned many Danish kings Water ford. 893, Patrick, son Ivar, king the Danes Wa
chief landing place the Anglo-Norman invaders, under Strong bow and his followers, invited over allies by Dermod Mac Mur rogh, king Leinster; and this city also remarkable the chief place where several kings England landed their expe
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wards Wexford, but the Danish and Irish inhabitants that town bravely resisted them various conflicts for the space three days, but being overcome they surrendered the town Mac Murrogh, who soon afterwards collecting powerful army three thousand men, marched, together with his English allies, into Os sory and other parts Leinster, and ravaged the country, which expedition account may found Hanmer's Chronicle, and Harris's Hibernica, written by Maurice Regan, who was
Tipperary and laid waste the country; out according Masters, and other authorities, Donal O’Brien, king the head the Dalcassians, aided battalions
the Four Thomond, Connaught,
REIGN OF HENRY IV.
taken by the sons of Fergal Mac Dermott, and many persons were slain and drowned about
Ireland, landed the bay Bannow, Bag-an-bun, the county
Wexford, near the bay Waterford, with force about five hundred men, knights and archers, according Hanmer, and
were joined five hundred the picked troops their Irish
ally, Dermod Mac Murrogh.
Their combined forces marched to Easter Monday, the 17th April, 1172, set sail for England,
secretary
Raymond
city, joined by the Irish, sallied out attack them, but were dred them, according the Annals Inisfallen. 1175, defeated chiefly stratagem the English, who collected to the English forces, commanded Raymond Gros, joined by
Mac Murrogh. 1170, the 1st May, Gros, and other Anglo-Norman chiefs, landed near
Dundonnel, Dundonalf, according others, Dun Dundrone, the county Wexford, about four miles from Waterford, near the river Suir, with force about one hundred and thirty knights and archers; and being joined other
under king Roderick O'Conor, marched oppose them, and great battle fought Thurles, totally defeated the English forces,
whom seventeen hundred were slain, and the few who sur vived fled dismay with the earl Waterford. After intel Anglo-Normans from Wexford, under Hervey Monte Ma ligence the victory Thurles reached the Irish Waterford, risco, they proceeded attack Waterford. The Danes that they attacked the English garrison that city and slew two hun
the rock doragh
197 care surrendered
and arrived the same day Port Finnain Wales. 1174, Raymond Gros landed Waterford, with large force from Wales, relieve Strongbow, then besieged the Irish that city, and succeeded rescuing him.
The Battle Thurles. —A. 1174, the English forces, joined
by some Danish allies from Dublin, and commanded earl Strongbow, Henry Monte Marisco, and others, marched into
and the guards who were on receiving bribe.
said, council parliament
synod bishops and clergy Cashel, which account may found Lanigan's Ecclesiastical History. King Henry, after remaining Ireland about six months, embarked Wexford on
Lismore, and also convened
gether agreat number cows, and having driven them onward with great shouts, and piercing them with their weapons, the affrighted and wounded cattle ran furiously against the approaching troops from Waterford, who were defeated with great loss, and amongst the slain was O'Ryan, prince Idrone. Seventy the princi pal citizens Waterford having been made prisoners the pur suit, their limbs were first broken the English, and they were then cast headlong from the rocks into the sea. this year,
the eve St. Bartholomew, the 23rd August, Richard de Clare, earl Pembroke, commonly called Strongbow, landed
near Waterford, with force about fifteen hundred men, knights, archers, and men-at-arms, and being joined the troops
Raymond Gros, they the next day attacked Waterford,
then governed two Danish princes, Reginald and Smorth,
who defended the city with their Danish forces, aided the Irish, under Malachy O'Felan, prince Desies; the English
were twice repulsed, but length took the city the 25th August. Amongst the prisoners were Reginald and Malachy O’Felan, whom they condemned death, but O’Felan's life was saved through the interference Dermod Mac Murrogh, who
some Irish allies, under Mac Gillpatrick, prince Ossory, fought
great battle defile near Cashel, with the troops Donal O’Brien, king Thomond, which, after great slaughter both
sides, the Irish were length defeated. the same year, ac cording Lanigan, king Henry sent Nicholas, abbot Malms bury, and William Fitz Adelm Ireland, with the Bull Pope Adrian IV. , and the Brief Pope Alexander III. , and meeting
bishops was convened Waterford, where these documents were publicly read, being the first time they were published Ireland, and conferring king Henry the kingdom Ireland.
1185, the 1st April, prince John, earl Morton, son king Henry II. , landed Waterford with fleet sixty ships, and large force archers and cavalry, whom four hundred were knights; was accompanied Ralph Glanville, chief justice England, and by Giraldus Cambrensis, his secre tary and tutor. Several Irish chiefs waited on him Waterford
him homage, but the Norman nobles treated them with
great insolence and derision, pulling their bushy beards and long
hair glibs. These insults and indignities were highly resented by the chiefs, who indignantly departed and roused their country
that day had come from Ferns with his daughter Eva, whom,
according his previous agreement, gave marriage
Strongbow, and day two after the ceremony was performed Lismore, Ardfinnan, Tibrad, and other places Tipperary and
Waterford, and king Dermod conferred his son-in-law the title heir presumptive the kingdom Leinster.
Waterford; and stated the Four Masters, having proceeded plunder Munster, his forces were defeated with great slaughter by the Irish, under Donal O’Brien, and according other ac
1171, king Henry II. , embarking Milford Haven,
landed Croch, now Crook, near Waterford, St. Luke's day,
the 18th October, with fleet, according Littleton and
others, four hundred sail, but other accounts say two hundred
and forty ships; had force consisting four thousand ca
valry men-at-arms, and five hundred knights, and was at cassians, under Donal O'Brien, king Thomond; and again tended Strongbow, William Fitz Adelm, Hugh Lacy,
Humphrey Bohun, and other lords and barons. The day after king Henry's arrival, Dermod Mac Carthy, king Desmond,
1192, the English having marched into Tipperary, and into Tho mond far Killaloe, were defeated with great slaughter by the
waited him Waterford, delivered him the keys the city
Cork and did him homage. Henry, the head his army, force, and soon after proceeded Dublin, and from thence through
marched Lismore, where remained two days and thence
proceeded Cashel, near which, the banks, the Suir,
Donal O'Brien, king Thomond, came meet him, and deliver
ing him the keys the city Linerick, did him homage,
Dermod Mac Carthy had done. Mac Gillpatrick, prince Os Waterford also celebrated the place landing and em sory, O'Felan, prince Desies, and other chiefs, submitted soon
after. From Cashel, Henry returned through Tipperary water ford, and shortly after proceeded Dublin, where remained during the winter, and entertained the Irish kings and princes who had submitted him style great magnificence.
February, 1172, Henry returned Waterford, and held,
barkation other kings England, and account the two expeditions king Richard II. Ireland, the years 1394 and
men make war the English, whom great numbers were slain various engagements. Prince John had castles erected
counts, almost his entire army was cut off various conflicts, consequence which was recalled from Ireland by his father. A. D. 1190, the English forces,under William Marshall, earl Pem
broke, were defeated with great loss near Thurles, by the Dal
Irish, under Donal O'Brien. 1210, the 8th June, king John landed Waterford, with large fleet and powerful
various parts Meath and Ulster. An account his progress Ireland has beengiven note these Annals, the year 1209. After remaining nearly three months, embarked for
England the latter end August.
1399, given note the present number the year 1399. 1689, the second September, king William III. embarked Waterford for England, and being again Ire
land, D. 1690, the siege Limerick, came Waterford,
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198 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1401.
Felim, son of Cathal Oge O'Conor, was taken prisoner by the son of O'Conor Don.
A conference was held between Niall Oge O'Neill
and embarked for England on the 5th of September. In 1690, king James II. , after the battle of the Boyne, on the 2nd of July, arrived at Waterford, from whence he set sail to France.
and Torlogh O'Donnell, at Caoluisge (near Bally
shannon), on which occasion they made peace with each other.
been the chiefs and clans of note. O'Heerin thus describes Cashel in commencing his topography of that territory:
“Our visit to Cashel of the kings,
“Let us henceforth record each hero,
About Cashel's plain of protecting ramparts:
A country of fruitful woods, the chief fortress; We are well acquainted with their history.
“Let us give the lead to the chief territory,
To Cashel of the smooth level plain,
Corca Athrach it was known by name,
And boldly over districts marched its batalions.
“There the lord of the land resides,
At Cashel of the brown-nut plains,
In comfort andjoy he holds his sway, A protector to the country of Cashel. ”
I. O’Donchadha, or O'Donoghoe, chief of Eoganacht of Cashel,
and some of them styled kings of Cashel, oneof whom is mentioned
in the annals of the Four Masters at the year 1038, as king pre sumptive of Cashel. These O'Donoghoes were of the Eugenian
race, and of the same descent as the Mac Carthys, kings of Des mond, and are thus designated by O'Heerin:
“Eoganacht of Cashel, it is the plain of Kian, O'Donoghoe is its lineal inheritor,
Its name in other times was Feimin,
Extending to the border of the brown-nut plain. ”
The ancient kings of Cashel or Munster, of the Eugenian race, were inaugurated on the Rock of Cashel, and those of the Dalcas sian race, or O'Briens, kings of Thomond, had their place of inau guration at Magh Adhair, situated in the townland of Toonagh, parish of Cloney, barony of Upper Tulla, in the county of Clare. II. O’Cearbhail, or O'Carroll, prince of Ely, who was the head of
the Clan Kian race, as the Mac Carthys were of the Eugenians, and the O'Briens of the Dalcassians. The territory of Ely, in Irish Eile, got its name from Eile, one of its kings in the fifth cen tury, and from being possessedby the O'Carrolls, was called Ely O'Carroll. It comprised the present barony of Lower Ormond, in
the county of Tipperary, with the barony of Clonlisk and part of Ballybrit, in the King's county, extending to Slieve Bloom Moun
tains, on the borders of the Queen's county. The part of Ely in the King's county belonged to the ancient province of Munster.
The O'Carrolls are thus designated by O'Heerin, who states that they ruled over eight subordinate chiefs:
“Lords to whom great men submit
Are the O'Carrolls of the plain of Birr ;
Princes of Ely as far as the lofty Slieve Bloom, The most hospitable land in Erin.
“Eight districts and eight chiefs are ruled
By the prince of Ely of the land of herds; Valiant in enforcing their tributes
Are the troops of the yellow-ringletted hair. ”
The O'Carrolls had their chief castle at Birr, now Parsonstown, in the King’s county, and many valiant chiefs of them are mentioned
in the course of these Annals. As princes and lords of Ely, they were very powerful from the twelfth to the sixteenth century, and many of them are mentioned in Lodge's Peerage, as connected by marriage alliances with the greatest families in Munster, as the O'Briens, earls of Thomond, the Fitzgeralds, earls of Desmond,
Amongst the ancient notices of Waterford, it may be mentioned, that A. D. 1497, in consequenceof the loyalty of the citizens of Waterford, against the mock princes and pretenders to the crown of England, namely, Lambert Simnel, and Perkin Warbeck, king
practised deeds, no evil
Henry VII. , granted, with other honours to the city, the motto Intacta manet Waterfordia, hence it is designated Urbs in tacta ; and in 1536, king Henry VIII. , sent by sir William Wyse to the citizens of Waterford a gilt sword, to be always bornebe fore the mayors, in remembrance of their renowned fidelity.
And the race of Corc who
The history of their tribes we shall unfold, Together with their sages and people.
Irish Chiefs and Clans of Ormond and Desies. —The following accounts of the chiefs and clans of Ormond and Desies, and the territories possessed by each in ancient and modern times, have been collected from the various works quoted at the commence ment of this article. In Desies the following were the chiefs and clans: I. O'Faolain, or O'Felan. The O'Felans were styled princes of Desies, and their descent from the Desians of Meath, a branch of the Heremonians, has been already given in the preceding part of this article. Many of the O'Felans, princes of Desies, are men tioned in the Four Masters and Annals of Innisfallen, from the eleventh to the thirteenth century. Malachy O'Felan was prince of Desies at the period of the Anglo-Norman invasion, and soon after they lost their possessionsand rank in the county of Water ford, and their territory was transferred to the Le Poers, and other Anglo-Norman settlers, but there are still several very respectable families of the O’Felans, or Phelans, some of whom have changed the name to Whelan, in the counties of Waterford, Tipperary, Kil kenny and Queen's county. The O’Felans, as princes of Desies, held an extensive territory, comprising the greater part of the pre sent county of Waterford, with part of Tipperary, as explained in the account of Desies at the beginning of this article. II. O’Bric was the other head chief of Desies, and of the same descent as O'Felan, The O'Brics were styled chiefs or lords of South Desies, an extensive territory in the southern part of Waterford, but in early times were expelled from that county by the Eugenians of Desmond. The territory of the O'Brics was also called Iath O'Neachach, as mentioned by O'Brien at the word Iath. The O'Felans and O’Brics are thus designated by O'Heerin:
“Two mild chiefs whom I do not conceal, Rule over the Desies, which I affirm,
O'Bric who enforced all tributes, And also the wise and fair O’Felan.
“In Moylacha of the fertile slopes
Rules O'Felan for the benefit of the tribe, Great is the territory allotted for them, Of which O’Felan took possession.
“Hy Neachach which is delightful, In the south of woody Inis Fail, O'Bric's selection along the waves, From Leac Logha to Liathdrum. ”
III. The O'Briens, a branch of the O'Briens of Thomond, had ex tensive possessions along the Cummeragh mountains, comprising the vallies between Dungarvan and the river Suir, as stated in O'Brien's Dictionary at the word Cumaraic, and are also placed on the Map of Ortelius. IV. The O'Crottys, a branch of the O'Briens, princes of Thomond, as stated in O'Brien's Dictionary at the word Crotach, possessedthe country about Lismore, and there are still many respectable families of the name in the county of Waterford. V. The Magraths were old and respectable families in the county of Waterford. There are several respectableancient Irish families of the O'Sheas, O'Ronaynes, O'Helys, O'Callaghans,
O'Coghlans, O'Mearas, &c. in the county of Waterford.
In Ormond, or the county of Tipperary, the following have and the Butlers, earls of Ormond. Some of these O'Carrolls were
o
Shortly after a contest arose between O'Donnell and Bryan, son of Henry O’Neill, for Bryan led a
distinguished officers in the service of Spain, and in modern times there are many very respectable families of the name in Tipperary and the King's county. III. O’Ceinneide, O'Cineide, or O'Ken nedy. The O'Kennedys are given by O'Heerin as chiefs of Gleann Omra, and several of them are mentioned in the Four Masters as lords of Ormond. They were of the Dalcassian race, and posses sed the barony of Upper Ormond, in the county of Tipperary, and, as lords of Ormond, were very powerful chiefs, and held their rank
force into Tirconnell, and attacked the fortress of O’Donnell, and slew the son of Niall Oge, son of
“The forest of Hy Rongally of the level plain Is possessed by the hospitable O'Shanahan,
The entire country about Evlinne
Is like the smooth plain of Maonmoy. ”
The O'Shanahans, in modern times, possessed the lands of Rath moyne, between Cashel and Templemore, and there are still several respectable families of the name in the counties of Tipperary, Limerick, and Waterford. One of the chief representatives of this ancient family is E. N. Shannon, Esq. , a literary gentleman, residing near Dublin. VII. O’Duibhraic, chief of Tuath Congaile or Dun Braine, is thus mentionedby O'Heerin:—
“The Clan Duibhraic of Dun Braine,
Chiefs of the country of Hy Congaile,
Their fortresses are about the beauteous Boruma, A tribe remarkable for their golden tresses. ”
VIII. O’Duibhibhir, O’Duibhir, or O'Dwyer, is given by O'Heerin as chief of Hy Aimhrith, or Aimrit, and thus designated:—
“Hy Aimrit, the land of hospitality, Is inherited by the tribe of O'Dwyer;
Above all others they obtained the country, They are the chief support at each battle ford. ”
The O'Dwyers were a branch of the Heremonians of Leinster, and chiefs of note in ancient times; they possessed an extensive territory in the present baronies of Kilnamanach, county of Tip
perary, and there are still several respectable families of the name in that county. Some of the O'Dwyers were commanders in the Irish brigade in the service of France. General O'Dwyer is men tioned by Mac Geoghegan as governor of Belgrade, and there was an admiral O'Dwyer in the Russian service. IX. O'Deagha or O'Dea, and O'Hoiliolla, aregiven by O'Heerin as chiefs of Sliabh
from the twelfth to the sixteenth century. thus mentioned by O'Heerin:
The O'Kennedys are
“O'Kennedy, who reddens his spears,
Rules over the smooth, extensive Glen Omra,
By his tribe is possessedthe brown plains gained by valour;
He obtained the land without opposition. ”
IV. O'Toirdhealbhaidh, or, as it is written in the Books of Leacan
and Ballymote, O'Urthaile, anglicised to O'Hurley. The O'Hur
leys are of the Dalcassian race, and are stated in O'Flaherty's Ogygia to be of the tribe of Hy Bloid, who possessedthe territory
called Triocha Hy Bloid, which comprised a great part of the ba ronies of Lower Ormond and Owney, in Tipperary; this tribe was also designated Clan Tail, a term which was applied to the Dalcas sians. The O'Hurleys are thus mentioned by O'Heerin:
“The territory of Hy Bloid of the silken standards, The chiefs of conflicts, the leaders of the battle hosts, The tribe of Clan Tail as far as the limpid streams, Along the extensive plain of the yews.
“O'Hurley of the tribe of Tail, Near to Killaloe of St. Flannan;
Delightful are its woods and productive its plains, From thence westward to the Shannon. ”
A branch of the O'Hurleys also settled in Limerick, in the barony of Owneybeg, where they are placed on the Map of Or telius, and they also had the parish of Knocklong, in the barony of Coshlea, county of Limerick, where the ruins of their chief castle still remain. Other branches of the O'Hurleys were settled in Galway, and had large possessionsin the baronies of Kilconnell, Killian, and Bally more, of which family were sir William and sir John Hurley, baronets. Of the O'Hurleys of Limerick was Dermod O'Hurley, a celebrated archbishop of Cashel, in the reign of Elizabeth. There are several respectable families of the name in the counties of Tipperary, Limerick, and Kerry. V. O' Eichtigearn, chief of Hy Cearnaidh, is thus men tionedby O'Heerin:—
“Over Hy Cearny of the valiant forces
Rules O'Eichtigearn of the land of tribes,
A joyful country is that of the upright man,
As far as the hospitable port of the Shannon. ”
VI. O'Seanchain or O'Shanahan, by some rendered to Shannon, by others erroneously anglicised Fox, from Siomach, which in Irish signifiesa fox, thus confounding them with the Sionach or Fox, lord of Teffia, in Westmeath. The O'Shanahans of Munster were descendedfrom Lorcan, king of Munster, and grandfather of Brian Boru ; hence they are a branch of the Dalcassians. They were in ancient times powerful chiefs, and in the great battle of Moin Mor, in Desmond, fought A. D. 1151, and of which an ac Count has beengiven in the note on Thomond, it is stated in the Four Masters, that amongst others, seven chiefs of the O’Shana hans were slain in that battle. The O'Shanahans were chiefs of th territory called Feadha Hy Rongaile, or the Woods of Hy
Rongaile, comprising the country about Eibhline, and as Slieve
Eibhline is stated in the old writers to be near Cashel, this terri
tory appearsto have been situated either in the barony of Mid
Ardach, now the barony of Slieveardagh, mentionedin the topographical poem:—
“Slieve Ardagh of the fair lands O'Dea inherits as his estate,
in Tipperary,
and thus
*hird, or of Eliogarty. The O'Shanahans are thus mentioned by O'Heerin:—
REIGN OF HENRY IV. 199
A host of the tribe from the head of the plain, And also O'Hoilioll from Binn Bracain. ”
X. O'Carthaidh or O'Carthy, chief of Muiscridh Iarthar Feimin,
is thus mentionedby O'Heerin
“The portion of O'Carthy by right
Is Muscry-Iarhar-Feimin,
Rath-na-m Brandubh is now its name, A designation generally known. ”
This territory, according to O'Halloran, was situated near Emly, in Tipperary. XI. O’Mearaidhe, or O'Meara, chief of Hy Fathaidh, Hy Niall, and Hy Eochaidh Finn. According to O'Brien, at the word Fiarach, the O’Mearas were chiefs of Hy Fiarach, called also Tuaim-ui-Mheara, in Tipperary. The O'Mearas had an extensive territory in the barony of Upper Or mond, county of Tipperary, and the name of their chief residence Tuaim-ui-Meara, is still retained in the town of Toomavara, in that district. They are thus designated by O'Heerin:—
“O’Meara, who is a goodly prince,
The chief of Hy Fahy, obtained extensive lands, And the Hy Nialls of the race of Eogan the Fair, All the lions whom I enumerate. ”
There are still several respectable families of the O'Mearas in Tipperary and Queen's county. XII. O’Meachair or O'Meaghar, by some rendered Maher, chief of Crioch-ui-Cairin, is thus men tioned by O'Heerin:—
“Powerfully they have peopled the country, The O'Meaghers of the land of Hy Kerrin, A tribe who inhabited Bearnan Eile,
Itis not improper to extol their fame. ”
:-
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200 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1401.
Niall Garv, son of Hugh, son of Donal Oge, and Malachy, the son of Flaherty O’Rourke, with many
The O'Meaghers were in ancient times powerful chiefs, and had the territory now forming the barony of Ikerrin, in the county of
others. O'Donnell with his sons, and the Muintir Duirnin, pursued Bryan on the same day, and
These O'Sullivans were a branch of the O'Sullivans, princes of Beara, in the county of Cork, of whom an account has been given in the note on Desmond, and the territory they possessedin Tippe rary, called the Eoganacht of Knock Graffan, was situated in the harony of Middlethird, between Cashel and Cahir, and name
Tipperary, and the place mentioned in the above verses as Bear
nan Eile is now called the Devil's Bit Mountain, in the parish of
Barnanely. There are very respectable families of the O’Meaghers
in the counties of Tipperary, Kilkenny, and Carlow. XIII. still retained the parish Knockgraffan, where the O'Sulli O'Flanagain or O'Flanagans, chiefs of Uachtar Tire, and of Kinel
Arga, are thus mentioned by O'Heerin:— “O'Flanagan obtained the country
Of Uachtar Tire, a rich and fertile land, Which always yields the choicest produce,
The plain is clad with a matchless verdant mantle.
“O'Flanagan of the mighty hand
Is chief of the entire of Kinel Arga,
He is of the race of Teige, the son of Kian the Sage, Of the noble hospitable stock of Oilioll. ”
vans had their principal seat, and which ancient mound moat, near the river Suir, which was early times residence the kings Munster; and Fiacha Muilleathan, celebrated
king Munster the third century, had his chieffortress that place. XIX. O’Fogarta, O’Fogarty, given O'Heerin
It appears from O'Brien, at the word Flanagan, that there were
two chiefs of these O'Flanagans, one of Kinel Arga, a district in
Ely O'Carroll, in the King's county, and the other of Uachtar
Tire, or the upper country, in the barony of Iffa and Offa, on the
borders of Tipperary and Waterford. XIV. O’Breislein or O’Bres
len, chief of Hy Athaidh Eile, is thus mentioned by O'Heerin:— O’Cullen, Collins, chief Eoganacht Aradh O'Caoilidhe
“Hy Athy of Ely, as far as the shore,
It was obtained by the force of battle, A fierce chief and brave in conflict
Is O'Breslen of the well-proportioned limbs. ”
This territory appears to have beena part of Ely O'Carroll, situ ated near the Shannon, and these O’Breslems were probably a
branch of the O’Breslens of Donegal, who were Brehons to the O'Donnells, princes of Tirconnell, and to the Mac Guires, princes of Fermanagh. XV. O'Cein, probably O'Kean, chief of Hy Fodh ladha, a district supposed to be on the borders of Tipperary and Waterford, is thus mentionedby O'Heerin:—
“Hy Foladha it is our duty to record, We treat of its blooming forest,
O'Kean from Machuin Meadhaidh, His fame shall spread over tribes. ”
XVI. O’Donnagain, or O'Donnegan, is given by O'Heerin as high prince of Aradh, and thus designated:–
“The high prince of Ara, who rules over the tribes, Is O'Donnegan of the hospitable countenance, The country has yielded plenty of produce,
To the prince of Ara in great abundance. ”
The O'Donnegans were of the race of the Clanna Deaga or Ear
nans of Ulster, and according to the Annals of Inisfallen, and
O'Brien at the word Muiscrith, were princes of Muiscrith Tire, now
Lower Ormond, in Tipperary; and, according to O'Halloran, had
Aradh Cliach, in Tipperary, now the barony of Owney and
Arra, as mentioned in the foregoing verse XVII. O’Donnga laidh, probably O'Donnelly or O'Dongally; and O'Fuirig, pro
bably O'Furrey, are also given by O'Heerin as chiefs of Muis crith Tire, and thus designated:—
“Over Muscry Tire of hospitality,
Rule two of the most noble chiefs, O'Dongally and also O'Fuirig,
They are of Ormond of the smooth fertile plain. ”
XVIII. O'Sulleabhain, or O'Suillivan, is given by O'Heerin as chief of Eoganacht Mor of Cnoc Raffan, and thus designated:—
“O'Sullivan, who delighted not in violence, Ruled over the great Eoganacht of Munster; About Knockraffan he obtained his lands, After the victory of conflicts and battles. ”
O'Keely, chief Aolmuighe, are thus mentioned
“O’Cullen who maintained good fame
Over the hospitable Eoganacht Ara; Over the land the fair Aolmoy,
Rules the powerful and hospitable O'Keely. ”
O'Heerin:
chief
Ele Deisceart
“South Ely Its clans are
south Ely, and thus designated:—
established tributes,
the race Eochy Baldearg,
affluence abounding hazel woods,
country
the land which O’Fogarty obtained. ”
The O’Fogartys were chiefs Eile-ui-Fhogartaidh, now the
barony
Thurles;
Ely,
the Q'Fogartys the county Tipperary. XX. O'Cuillein,
Eliogarty, Tipperary, and had their chief seats about was called South Ely, distinguish from North
Ely O'Carroll. There are several respectable families
The districts these chiefs appear have been the barony Owney and Arra, Tipperary. XXI. O’Duinechair, name anglicised O'Dinnahane and O'Dinan, given O'Heerin
chief Eoganacht Uaithne Ageamar, and thus designated:—
“Owney Agamar, green are
The Eoganacht the land
Delightful are the borders
Tipperary, according O'Brien and O'Halloran, afterwards
possessed Owney Tipperary, and Owneybeg Limerick, and
are placed there the Map Ortelius. These O'Ryans were clan note, branch the O'Ryans, princes Hy Drone,
Carlow, and there are several very respectable families the name
XXIV. Mac Ceoch Mac Keogh, chief Uaithne Tire, thus mentioned by O'Heerin:
The hereditary right
the extensive plain, the clan Dinnahane. ”
the counties Tipperary, Carlow, and Kilkenny. O'Meargdha O'Meargain, chief Eoganacht Rus Airgid, thus mentioned by O'Heerin:
“To O'Meargain belongs the land The fair Eoganacht Ross Argid,
portion,
lord peace and vulture war, Resides near the great Carn Mughaine. ”
“Over Owney Tire
rich produce,
his chosen place,
Dwell that wood opposite the foreigners. ”
This territory was situated ancient Owney, which comprised the present baronies Owney and Arra Tipperary, and Owney beg Limerick. The O'Loingsys, O'Lynches, tribe mentioned the foregoing verse, dwelling here opposite the foreigners, which
means that they were the neighbourhood the Danes, who pos
Rules Mac Keogh
The O'Loingsys, men lands,
hills, Cathbaidh;
O'Brien the word Uaithne, com Tipperary and Limerick, now the ba
This territory, according
prised part the counties
ronies Owney and Owneybeg. XXII.