No More Learning

The truth is,
that the King understood Continental politics thoroughly, and gave his
whole mind to them. To English business he attended less, and to Scotch
business least of all. ]

[Footnote 230: Impartial Account, 1695. ]

[Footnote 231: See his letters quoted in the Report of 1695, and in the
Memoirs of the Massacre of Glencoe. ]

[Footnote 232: Report of 1695. ]

[Footnote 233: Deposition of Ronald Macdonald in the Report of 1695;
Letters from the Mountains, May 17. 1773. I quote Mrs. Grant's authority
only for what she herself heard and saw. Her account of the massacre
was written apparently without the assistance of books, and is grossly
incorrect. Indeed she makes a mistake of two years as to the date. ]

[Footnote 234: I have taken the account of the Massacre of Glencoe
chiefly from the Report of 1695, and from the Gallienus Redivivus. An
unlearned, and indeed a learned, reader may be at a loss to guess why
the Jacobites should have selected so strange a title for a pamphlet on
the massacre of Glencoe. The explanation will be found in a letter of
the Emperor Gallienus, preserved by Trebellius Pollio in the Life of
Ingenuus. Ingenuus had raised a rebellion in Moesia. He was defeated and
killed. Gallienus ordered the whole province to be laid waste, and wrote
to one of his lieutenants in language to which that of the Master of
Stair bore but too much resemblance. "Non mihi satisfacies si tantum
armatos occideris, quos et fors belli interimere potuisset. Perimendus
est omnis sexus virilis. Occidendus est quicunque maledixit. Occidendus
est quicunque male voluit. Lacera. Occide. Concide. "]

[Footnote 235: What I have called the Whig version of the story is
given, as well as the Jacobite version, in the Paris Gazette of April 7.
1692. ]

[Footnote 236: I believe that the circumstances which give so peculiar a
character of atrocity to the Massacre of Glencoe were first published in
print by Charles Leslie in the Appendix to his answer to King. The date
of Leslie's answer is 1692. But it must be remembered that the date of
1692 was then used down to what we should call the 25th of March 1693.
Leslie's book contains some remarks on a sermon by Tillotson which
was not printed till November 1692. The Gallienus Redivivus speedily
followed. ]

[Footnote 237: Gallienus Redivivus. ]

[Footnote 238: Hickes on Burnet and Tillotson, 1695. ]

[Footnote 239: Report of 1695. ]

[Footnote 240: Gallienus Redivivus. ]

[Footnote 241: Report of 1695. ]

[Footnote 242: London Gazette, Mar. 7. 1691/2]

[Footnote 243: Burnet (ii. 93. ) says that the King was not at this time
informed of the intentions of the French Government. Ralph contradicts
Burnet with great asperity. But that Burnet was in the right is proved
beyond dispute, by William's correspondence with Heinsius. So late as
April 24/May 4 William wrote thus: "Je ne puis vous dissimuler que je
commence a apprehender une descente en Angleterre, quoique je n'aye pu
le croire d'abord: mais les avis sont si multiplies de tous les cotes,
et accompagnes de tant de particularites, qu'il n'est plus guere
possible d'en douter. " I quote from the French translation among the
Mackintosh MSS. ]

[Footnote 244: Burnet, ii. 95. and Onslow's note; Memoires de Saint
Simon; Memoires de Dangeau. ]

[Footnote 245: Life of James ii. 411, 412. ]

[Footnote 246: Memoires de Dangeau; Memoires de Saint Simon. Saint Simon
was on the terrace and, young as he was, observed this singular scene
with an eye which nothing escaped. ]

[Footnote 247: Memoires de Saint Simon; Burnet, ii. 95. ; Guardian No.
48. See the excellent letter of Lewis to the Archbishop of Rheims, which
is quoted by Voltaire in the Siecle de Louis XIV. ]

[Footnote 248: In the Nairne papers printed by Macpherson are two
memorials from James urging Lewis to invade England. Both were written
in January 1692. ]

[Footnote 249: London Gazette, Feb. 15. 1691/2]

[Footnote 250: Memoires de Berwick; Burnet, ii. 92. ; Life of James, ii.
478. 491. ]

[Footnote 251: History of the late Conspiracy, 1693. ]

[Footnote 252: Life of James, ii. 479. 524. Memorials furnished by
Ferguson to Holmes in the Nairne Papers. ]

[Footnote 253: Life of James, ii. 474. ]

[Footnote 254: See the Monthly Mercuries of the spring of 1692. ]

[Footnote 255: Narcissus Luttrell's Diary for April and May 1692; London
Gazette, May 9. and 12. ]

[Footnote 256: Sheridan MS. ; Life of James, ii. 492. ]

[Footnote 257: Life of James, ii. 488. ]

[Footnote 258: James told Sheridan that the Declaration was written by
Melfort. Sheridan MS. ]

[Footnote 259: A Letter to a Friend concerning a French Invasion to
restore the late King James to his Throne, and what may be expected from
him should he be successful in it, 1692; A second Letter to a Friend
concerning a French Invasion, in which the Declaration lately dispersed
under the Title of His Majesty's most gracious Declaration to all his
loving Subjects, commanding their Assistance against the P. of O.
and his Adherents, is entirely and exactly published according to
the dispersed Copies, with some short Observations upon it, 1692; The
Pretences of the French Invasion examined, 1692; Reflections on the late
King James's Declaration, 1692. The two Letters were written, I believe,
by Lloyd Bishop of Saint Asaph. Sheridan says, "The King's Declaration
pleas'd none, and was turn'd into ridicule burlesque lines in England. "
I do not believe that a defence of this unfortunate Declaration is to be
found in any Jacobite tract. A virulent Jacobite writer, in a reply to
Dr. Welwood, printed in 1693, says, "As for the Declaration that was
printed last year. . . I assure you that it was as much misliked by
many, almost all, of the King's friends, as it can be exposed by his
enemies. "]

[Footnote 260: Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, April 1692. ]

[Footnote 261: Sheridan MS. ; Memoires de Dangeau. ]

[Footnote 262: London Gazette, May 12. 16. 1692; Gazette de Paris, May
31. 1692. ]

[Footnote 263: London Gazette, April 28. 1692]

[Footnote 264: Ibid. May 2. 5. 12. 16. ]

[Footnote 265: London Gazette, May 16. 1692; Burchett. ]

[Footnote 266: Narcissus Luttrell's Diary; London Gazette, May 19.
1692. ]

[Footnote 267: Russell's Letter to Nottingham, May 20. 1692, in the
London Gazette of May 23. ; Particulars of Another Letter from the Fleet
published by authority; Burchett; Burnet, ii. 93. ; Life of James, ii.
493, 494. ; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary; Memoires de Berwick. See also the
contemporary ballad on the battle one of the best specimens of English
street poetry, and the Advice to a Painter, 1692. ]

[Footnote 268: See Delaval's Letter to Nottingham, dated Cherburg, May
22. , in the London Gazette of May 26. ]

[Footnote 269: London Gaz. , May 26. 1692; Burchett's Memoirs of
Transactions at Sea; Baden to the States General, May 24/June 3; Life of
James, ii. 494; Russell's Letters in the Commons' Journals of Nov. 28.
1692; An Account of the Great Victory, 1692; Monthly Mercuries for June
and July 1692; Paris Gazette, May 28/June 7; Van Almonde's despatch
to the States General, dated May 24/June 3. 1692. The French official
account will be found in the Monthly Mercury for July. A report drawn up
by Foucault, Intendant of the province of Normandy, will be found in M.
Capefigue's Louis XIV. ]

[Footnote 270: An Account of the late Great Victory, 1692; Monthly
Mercury for June; Baden to the States General, May 24/ June 3; Narcissus
Luttrell's Diary. ]

[Footnote 271: London Gazette, June 2. 1692; Monthly Mercury; Baden to
the States General, June 14/24. Narcissus Luttrell's Diary. ]

[Footnote 272: Narcissus Luttrell's Diary; Monthly Mercury. ]

[Footnote 273: London Gazette, June 9. ; Baden to the States General,
June 7/17]

[Footnote 274: Baden to the States General, June. 3/13]

[Footnote 275: Baden to the States General, May 24/June 3; Narcissus
Luttrell's Diary. ]

[Footnote 276: An Account of the late Great Victory, 1692; Narcissus
Luttrell's Diary. ]

[Footnote 277: Baden to the States General, June 7/17. 1692. ]

[Footnote 278: Narcissus Luttrell's Diary. ]

[Footnote 279: I give one short sentence as a specimen: "O fie that ever
it should be said that a clergyman have committed such durty actions! "]

[Footnote 280: Gutch, Collectanea Curiosa. ]

[Footnote 281: My account of this plot is chiefly taken from Sprat's
Relation of the late Wicked Contrivance of Stephen Blackhead and Robert
Young, 1692. There are very few better narratives in the language. ]

[Footnote 282: Baden to the States General, Feb. 14/24 1693. ]

[Footnote 283: Postman, April 13. and 20. 1700; Postboy, April 18. ;
Flying Post, April 20. ]

[Footnote 284: London Gazette, March 14. 1692. ]

[Footnote 285: The Swedes came, it is true, but not till the campaign
was over. London Gazette, Sept, 10 1691,]

[Footnote 286: William to Heinsius March 14/24. 1692. ]

[Footnote 287: William to Heinsius, Feb. 2/12 1692. ]

[Footnote 288: Ibid. Jan 12/22 1692. ]

[Footnote 289: Ibid. Jan. 19/29. 1692. ]

[Footnote 290: Burnet, ii. 82 83. ; Correspondence of William and
Heinsius, passim. ]

[Footnote 291: Memoires de Torcy. ]

[Footnote 292: William to Heinsius, Oct 28/Nov 8 1691. ]

[Footnote 293: Ibid. Jan. 19/29. 1692. ]

[Footnote 294: His letters to Heinsius are full of this subject. ]

[Footnote 295: See the Letters from Rome among the Nairne Papers. Those
in 1692 are from Lytcott; those in 1693 from Cardinal Howard; those in
1694 from Bishop Ellis; those in 1695 from Lord Perth. They all tell the
same story. ]

[Footnote 296: William's correspondence with Heinsius; London Gazette,
Feb. 4. 1691. In a pasquinade published in 1693, and entitled "La Foire
d'Ausbourg, Ballet Allegorique," the Elector of Saxony is introduced
saying,

"Moy, je diray naivement,
Qu'une jartiere d'Angleterre
Feroit tout Mon empressement;
Et je ne vois rien sur la terre
Ou je trouve plus d'agrement. "]

[Footnote 297: William's correspondence with Heinsius. There is a
curious account of Schoening in the Memoirs of Count Dohna. ]

[Footnote 298: Burnet, ii. 84. ]

[Footnote 299: Narcissus Luttrell's Diary. ]

[Footnote 300: Monthly Mercuries of January and April 1693; Burnet, ii.
84. In the Burnet MS. Hail. 6584, is a warm eulogy on the Elector of
Bavaria. When the MS. was written he was allied with England against
France. In the History, which was prepared for publication when he was
allied with France against England, the eulogy is omitted. ]

[Footnote 301: "Nec pluribus impar. "]

[Footnote 302: Memoires de Saint Simon; Dangeau; Racine's Letters, and
Narrative entitled Relation de ce qui s'est passe au Siege de Namur;
Monthly Mercury, May 1692. ]

[Footnote 303: Memoires de Saint Simon; Racine to Boileau, May 21.
1692.
]

[Footnote 304: Monthly Mercury for June; William to Heinsius May 26/
June 5 1692. ]

[Footnote 305: William to Heinsius, May 26/June 5 1692. ]

[Footnote 306: Monthly Mercuries of June and July 1692; London Gazettes
of June; Gazette de Paris; Memoires de Saint Simon; Journal de Dangeau;
William to Heinsius, May 30/June 9 June 2/12 June 11/21; Vernon's
Letters to Colt, printed in Tindal's History; Racine's Narrative, and
Letters to Boileau of June 15. and 24. ]

[Footnote 307: Memoires de Saint Simon. ]

[Footnote 308: London Gazette, May 30. 1692; Memoires de Saint Simon;
Journal de Dangeau; Boyer's History of William III. ]

[Footnote 309: Memoires de Saint Simon; Voltaire, Siecle de Louis XIV.
Voltaire speaks with a contempt which is probably just of the account
of this affair in the Causes Celebres. See also the Letters of Madame
de Sevigne during the months of January and February 1680. In several
English lampoons Luxemburg is nicknamed Aesop, from his deformity, and
called a wizard, in allusion to his dealings with La Voisin. In one
Jacobite allegory he is the necromancer Grandorsio. In Narcissus
Luttrell's Diary for June 1692 he is called a conjuror. I have seen two
or three English caricatures of Luxemburg's figure. ]

[Footnote 310: Memoires de Saint Simon; Memoires de Villars; Racine to
Boileau, May 21. 1692. ]

[Footnote 311: Narcissus Luttrell, April 28. 1692. ]

[Footnote 312: London Gazette Aug. 4. 8. 11. 1692; Gazette de Paris,
Aug. 9. 16. ; Voltaire, Siecle de Louis XIV. ; Burnet, ii. 97; Memoires
de Berwick; Dykvelt's Letter to the States General dated August 4. 1692.
See also the very interesting debate which took place in the House of
Commons on Nov. 21. 1692. An English translation of Luxemburg's very
elaborate and artful despatch will be found in the Monthly Mercury
for September 1692. The original has recently been printed in the new
edition of Dangeau. Lewis pronounced it the best despatch that he had
ever seen. The editor of the Monthly Mercury maintains that it was
manufactured at Paris. "To think otherwise," he says, "is mere folly;
as if Luxemburg could be at so much leisure to write such a long letter,
more like a pedant than a general, or rather the monitor of a school,
giving an account to his master how the rest of the boys behaved
themselves. " In the Monthly Mercury will be found also the French
official list of killed and wounded. Of all the accounts of the battle
that which seems to me the best is in the Memoirs of Feuquieres. It
is illustrated by a map. Feuquieres divides his praise and blame very
fairly between the generals. The traditions of the English mess tables
have been preserved by Sterne, who was brought up at the knees of
old soldiers of William. "'There was Cutts's' continued the Corporal,
clapping the forefinger of his right hand upon the thumb of his left,
and counting round his hand; 'there was Cutts's, Mackay's Angus's,
Graham's and Leven's, all cut to pieces; and so had the English
Lifeguards too, had it not been for some regiments on the right, who
marched up boldly to their relief, and received the enemy's fire in
their faces before any one of their own platoons discharged a musket.
They'll go to heaven for it,' added Trim. "]

[Footnote 313: Voltaire, Siecle de Louis XIV. ]

[Footnote 314: Langhorne, the chief lay agent of the Jesuits in England,
always, as he owned to Tillotson, selected tools on this principle.
Burnet, i. 230. ]

[Footnote 315: I have taken the history of Grandval's plot chiefly from
Grandval's own confession. I have not mentioned Madame de Maintenon,
because Grandval, in his confession, did not mention her. The accusation
brought against her rests solely on the authority of Dumont. See also
a True Account of the horrid Conspiracy against the Life of His most
Sacred Majesty William III. 1692; Reflections upon the late horrid
Conspiracy contrived by some of the French Court to murder His Majesty
in Flanders 1692: Burnet, ii. 92. ; Vernon's letters from the camp
to Colt, published by Tindal; the London Gazette, Aug, 11. The Paris
Gazette contains not one word on the subject,--a most significant
silence. ]

[Footnote 316: London Gazette, Oct. 20. 24. 1692. ]

[Footnote 317: See his report in Burchett. ]

[Footnote 318: London Gazette, July 28. 1692. See the resolutions of the
Council of War in Burchett. In a letter to Nottingham, dated July 10,
Russell says, "Six weeks will near conclude what we call summer. " Lords
Journals, Dec. 19. 1692. ]

[Footnote 319: Monthly Mercury, Aug. and Sept. 1692. ]

[Footnote 320: Evelyn's Diary, July 25. 1692; Burnet, ii. 94, 95. , and
Lord Dartmouth's Note. The history of the quarrel between Russell and
Nottingham will be best learned from the Parliamentary Journals and
Debates of the Session of 1692/3. ]

[Footnote 321: Commons' Journals, Nov. 19. 1692; Burnet, ii. 95. ;
Grey's Debates, Nov. 21. 1692; Paris Gazettes of August and September;
Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, Sept. ]

[Footnote 322: See Bart's Letters of Nobility, and the Paris Gazettes of
the autumn of 1692. ]

[Footnote 323: Memoires de Du Guay Trouin. ]

[Footnote 324: London Gazette, Aug. 11. 1692; Evelyn's Diary, Aug.
10. ; Monthly Mercury for September; A Full Account of the late dreadful
Earthquake at Port Royal in Jamaica, licensed Sept. 9. 1692. ]

[Footnote 325: Evelyn's Diary, June 25. Oct. 1. 1690; Narcissus
Luttrell's Diary, June 1692, May 1693; Monthly Mercury, April, May, and
June 1693; Tom Brown's Description of a Country Life, 1692. ]

[Footnote 326: Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, Nov. 1692. ]

[Footnote 327: See, for example, the London Gazette of Jan. 12. 1692]

[Footnote 328: Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, Dec. 1692. ]

[Footnote 329: Ibid. Jan. 1693. ]

[Footnote 330: Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, July 1692. ]

[Footnote 331: Evelyn's Diary, Nov. 20. 1692: Narcissus Luttrell's
Diary; London Gazette, Nov. 24. ; Hop to the Greffier of the States
General, Nov. 18/28]

[Footnote 332: London Gazette, Dec. 19. 1692. ]

[Footnote 333: Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, Dec. 1692. ]

[Footnote 334: Ibid. Nov. 1692. ]

[Footnote 335: Ibid. August 1692. ]

[Footnote 336: Hop to the Greffier of the States General, Dec 23/Jan
2 1693. The Dutch despatches of this year are filled with stories of
robberies. ]

[Footnote 337: Hop to the Greffier of the States General, Dec 23/Jan 2
1693; Historical Records of the Queen's Bays, published by authority;
Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, Nov. 15. ]

[Footnote 338: Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, Dee. 22. ]

[Footnote 339: Ibid. Dec. 1692; Hop, Jan. 3/13 Hop calls Whitney, "den
befaamsten roover in Engelandt. "]

[Footnote 340: London Gazette January 2. 1692/3. ]

[Footnote 341: Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, Jan. 1692/3. ]

[Footnote 342: Ibid. Dec. 1692. ]

[Footnote 343: Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, January and February; Hop Jan
31/Feb 10 and Feb 3/13 1693; Letter to Secretary Trenchard, 1694; New
Court Contrivances or more Sham Plots still, 1693. ]

[Footnote 344: Lords' and Commons' Journals, Nov. 4. , Jan. 1692. ]

[Footnote 345: Commons' Journals, Nov. 10 1692. ]

[Footnote 346: See the Lords' Journals from Nov. 7. to Nov. 18. 1692;
Burnet, ii. 102. Tindall's account of these proceedings was taken from
letters addressed by Warre, Under Secretary of State, to Colt, envoy at
Hanover. Letter to Mr. Secretary Trenchard, 1694. ]

[Footnote 347: Lords' Journals, Dec. 7. ; Tindal, from the Colt Papers;
Burnet, ii. 105. ]

[Footnote 348: Grey's Debates, Nov. 21. and 23. 1692. ]

[Footnote 349: Grey's Debates, Nov. 21. 1692; Colt Papers in Tindal. ]

[Footnote 350: Tindal, Colt Papers; Commons' Journals, Jan. 11. 1693. ]

[Footnote 351: Colt Papers in Tindal; Lords' Journals from Dec. 6. to
Dec. 19. 1692; inclusive,]

[Footnote 352: As to the proceedings of this day in the House of
Commons, see the Journals, Dec. 20, and the letter of Robert Wilmot,
M. P. for Derby, to his colleague Anchitel Grey, in Grey's Debates. ]

[Footnote 353: Commons' Journals, Jan. 4. 1692/3. ]

[Footnote 354: Colt Papers in Tindal; Commons' Journals, Dec. 16. 1692,
Jan. 11 1692; Burnet ii. 104. ]

[Footnote 355: The peculiar antipathy of the English nobles to the Dutch
favourites is mentioned in a highly interesting note written by Renaudot
in 1698, and preserved among the Archives of the French Foreign Office. ]

[Footnote 356: Colt Papers in Tindal; Lords' Journals, Nov. 28. and 29.
1692, Feb. 18. and 24. 1692/3. ]

[Footnote 357: Grey's Debates, Nov 18. 1692; Commons' Journals, Nov.
18. , Dec. 1. 1692. ]

[Footnote 358: See Cibber's Apology, and Mountford's Greenwich Park. ]

[Footnote 359: See Cibber's Apology, Tom Brown's Works, and indeed the
works of every man of wit and pleasure about town. ]

[Footnote 360: The chief source of information about this case is the
report of the trial, which will be found in Howell's Collection.