)--From all that has been said, it would ap-
pear, that the ancient cities in general were accustom-
ed to have tutelary images, which they held peculiarly
?
pear, that the ancient cities in general were accustom-
ed to have tutelary images, which they held peculiarly
?
Charles - 1867 - Classical Dictionary
C.
1244), Evander, at the head of
a colony of Arcadians, is said to have left the city of
Pallantium, and to have fixed his settlement on this
hill, to which he gave the name of Pallatium, from his
native city in Arcadia. Dionysius (2, 2), Livy (1, 5),
Solinus (de cons. Urb. , lib. 2), Virgil (JSn. , 8, 51),
and other ancient writers, agree in giving this as a re-
ceived tradition, of the value of which, however, the
investigations of modern philologists have taught us
t: entertain no very exalted opinion. In one thing,
however, all writers, both ancient and modern, agree,
namely, that the original site of Rome was on the
Pilitine, whether we ascribe its foundation to Evander
of to Romulus. The steepness of the sides of the hill
would be its natural defence, and on one quarter it was
still farther strengthened by a swamp, which lay between
the hill an-i the Tiber, and which was afterward drained
and called the Vclabrum. In the course of time, dwell-
ings sprung up around the foot of the hill, but the Pala-
tine must still have remained the citadel of the growing
town, just as at Athens, that which was the iroXic be-
came eventually the dvrpoiroAtc. These suburbs were
enclosed by a line, probably a rude fortification, which
'he learning of Tacitus enabled him to trace, and which
he calls the pomarium of Romulus. (Ann. , 12, 24. )
It ran under three sides of the hill; the fourth was
occupied by the swamp before mentioned, where it
was neither needful nor possible to carry a wall. The
ancient city was comprised within this outline, or pos-
sibly only the citadel on the summit of the hill was
called by Roman antiquaries the "Square Rome"
{Roma Quadrata). (Ennius, ap. Fest. , s. t>. Quadrats
Roma. --Plot. , Vit. Rom. )--Varro, in the true spirit
of an etymologist, gives us our choice of several deri-
vations for thenameofPalatium: "It might be called,"
he says, " Palalium, because the companions of Evan-
der were palantcs" or "wanderers;" or "because the
inhabitants of Palanlcum, which is the Reatine terri-
tory, who were also the aborigines, settled there; or
because Palalia was the name of the wife of Latinus;
? ? or, finally, because tile bleating sheep (balantes) were
Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-26 09:14 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uva. x001045523 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? f AL
PA L
I Co/nod1. , 7, 5. )--Contiguous to the house o( Aogus-
tua was the famous tctr. p'e of the Palatine Apollo,
erected bv the emperor in fulfilment of a vow made to
that deity on the morning of the battle of Actium.
Ovid and Propertius describe it as a splendid structure
of white marble. (Or. , Trist. , 3, 1. --Proper! . , 2, 31. )
The portico more especially was an object of admira-
tion , it was adorned with columns of African marble,
and statues of the Danaides. Connected with the
temple was a magnificent library, filled with the works
of the best Greek and Latin authors. (Suet. , Vtt.
Aug-, 29. ) It contained, according to Pliny (34, 7),
a colossal statue of Apollo, in bronze, of Tuscan work-
manship, which was much esteemed. (Cramer's Ane.
Italy, vol. 1, p. 448, scqq. )--"The fail of the palace
of tho Ca;sars," observes a late writer, "like that of
almost every other monument of antiquity, was less
the work o' foreign barbarians than of the Romans
themselves. The Goths, in the fifth century, pillaged
it of its gold, its silver, its ivory, and most of its port-
able treasures. Genscric seized its bronze, and all
its remaining precious metals; and the shipload of
statues which the capricious Vandal sent to Africa,
was supposed to consist chiefly of the plunder of the
imperial palace. The troops of Belisarius lodged in
it; so also did the soldiers of Totila, during his second
occupation of Rome; but that is no proof of its de-
struction; on the contrary, the spoils of modern exca-
vations have proved how vast were the treasures of art
and magnificence, which had been spared or despised
hy their forbearance or ignorance; and, however the
interior splendour of the palace of the Cxsars might
suffer by these barbarian inmates, we know, at least,
that its immense exterior, its courts and corridors, and
wails, and roofs, and pavements, were in perfect pres-
ervation at a much Later period; for in the days of
Heraclius, the beginning of the seventh century, it
was still fit to receive a royal guest, and it appears to
have been entire in the eighth century, from the men-
tion made of it by Anastasius. In the long feudal
wars of the Roman nobles, during the barbarous ages,
its ruin began. It was attacked and fortified, taken
and retaken, and for a length of time was the central
fortress of the Frangipani family, who possessed a
rluin of redoubts around it, erected on the ruins of
Rome. Gut its final destruction was consummated
by the Farncse popes and princes, who laboriously de-
stroyed its ruins to build up their palaces and villas
with the materials; buried these magnificent halls be-
neath their wretched gardens, and erected upon them
the hideous summer-houses and grottoes, the deformity
of which still impeaches the taste of their architect,
Michael Angelo Buonarotti. --In the southern part of
the palace, about 150 years ago, a room full of Roman
coins was discovered, and a magnificent hall hung
with cloth of gold, which fell into dust as soon as the
air was admitted. About one hundred years ago, a
hall forty feet in length was discovered on the Palatine,
the walls of which were entirely covered with paint-
ings. They were taken off and sent to Naples, and
there were permitted to lie mouldering in damp cellars
until every vestige of the paintings had disappeared. "
(Home ir. the Nineteenth Century, vol. 1, p. 164, scqq. ,
Am. cd. )
Pales, the goddess who presided over cattle and
pastures among the ancient Romans. Her festival,
C4. . ed the Palilia, was celebrated on the 21st of April,
? ? mid was regarded as the day on which Rome had been
Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-26 09:14 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uva. x001045523 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? PAL
TALLADIUM.
gent'. e mode of treatment, and to ratify their promise
v. itu an oath, before the fugitives returned. --The Si-
cilian leader Ducetiua founded a city named Palicc in
the vicinity of the temple and lakes. It did not, how-
ever, flourish for any length of time, but was already in
ruins in the time of Diodorus. We are not acquaint-
ed with the causes of its overthrow. --The Sicilian
Palici, according to Creuzer, are mythic creations typ-
ifying some of the movements of the elements. Some
authorities make Jupiter, changed into a vulture, to
have been their father; while others mention Menanus
nr Amenanus, a deified stream (perhaps the stream of
the year), as their parent. (Clem. , Homil. , 6, 13. --
Crmzer, ad Cic. de N. D. , 3, 22. ) Vidcan, the god
of fire, was one of these subterranean genii. The
story of their birih and subsequent movements, when
stripped of its mythic character, is simply this: the
Palici denote the elements of fire and water in a state
of activity; engendered by the eternal power of na-
ture, but subjected, like it, to eternal vicissitudes,
they alternately escape from the bowels of the earth in
torrents of flame or water, and again, when their fury
is spent, plunge into its bosom. {Creuzer, Symbolik,
vol. 2, p. 229. --Guigniaut, vol. 3, p. 186. )
Pu. ii. ia, a festival celebrated by the Romans, in
honour of the goddess Pales. (Vid. Pales. )
PaunC'rus, I. the son of Iasius, a Trojan, and the
pilot of the vessel of . /Eneas. While the fleet was
sailing near Caprea, he yielded to sleep and fell into
the sea; a circumstance which Virgil has dignified,
by representing Morpheus as overpowering Palinurus,
who had been already exhausted by the fatigue of
watching. He floated in safety for three days, but, on
landing near Velia, he fell a victim to the ferocity of
the inhabitants, who (it seems) were wont to assail
? nd plunder the shipwrecked mariner. When /Eneas
visited the lower world, he assured Palinurus that,
though his bones had been deprived of sepulture, and
though he was thereby prevented from crossing the
Stygian Lake, there should yet be a monument dedica-
ted to his memory on the spot where he had been in-
hcmanly murdered. This eventually took place.
The I. ucani, being afflicted by a pestilence, were told
by the oracle that, in order to be relieved from it, they
must appease the manes of Palinurus. A tomb was
accordingly erected to his memory, and a neighbouring
promontory called after his name. {Virg. , JEn . , fj,
840, seqq. --Id. ib. , 6, 337, seqq. --Sen. , ad foe. )--II.
A promontory of Italy, on the western coast of Luca-
nia, just above tho I. bus Sinus. It was also called
Palinorum, and Palinuri Promontorium. Tradition
ascribed its name to Palinurus, the pilot of /Eneas.
yVirg. , Jin. , 6, 380. ) The modem appellation is
Capo di Palinuro. Orosius (4, 9) records a disastrous
shipwreck on the rocks of Palinurus, sustained by a
Roman fleet on its return from Attica, when 150 ves-
sels were lost. Augustus also encountered great peril
on this part of the coast, when, according to Appian,
many of his ships were dashed against this headland.
(Bell. Civ. , 6, 98. -- Cramer's Anc. Italy, vol. 2, p.
873. )
Palicoruh Staona, sulphureous pools in Sicily.
{rid. Palici. )
Palladium, a celebrated statue of Minerva, said to
have fallen from the skies, and on the preservation of
which depended the safety of the city of Troy. The
traditions respecting it were innumerable. According
? ? to Apollodorus, it was made by Minerva herself, and
Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-26 09:14 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uva. x001045523 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? f AL
rAl. l. ADH S.
lowed by Suidas, <<aya it was not Diomcde, but Aga-
memnon. The Argives, on the other hand main-
? ained that they had the true Palladium n theii :oun-
xty (Pausan. , 2, 23); while Pausaniaa \ u. self inaiata
that /Eneas carried off with him the . rue statue to
Italy ('. c). It was an established belief among the
Romans that their city contained the real Palladium,
and that it was preserved in the temple of Vesta. It
was regarded as the fated pledge of the continuance
>>f their empire, and not even the Pontifex Maximus
ivas allowed to behold it. (Ovid, Fast. , 6, 424, scqq. )
Hence on ancient gems we sometimes see Vesta rep-
resented with the Palladium. (Maffei, Gcmm. Ant. ,
n. 2, n. 76. ) Herodian relates (1,114), that when, in
the reign of Commodus, the temple of Vesta was
consumed, the Palladium was for the first time ex-
posed to public view, the Vestal Virgins having con-
veyed it through the Via Sacra lo the palace of the
emperor. This was the only instance of its having
been disturbed since the time when Metellus the Pon-
tifex rescued it from the flames on a similar occasion.
(Ovid, Fast. , I. c. ) In the reign of Elagabalua, how-
ever, that emperor, with daring impiety, caused the
sacred statue to be brought into his bedchamber, irpoc
ya/iov tu #e? . (Herodtan, 5, 6, 8. )--In order to ac-
count for the Romans having the Palladium among
them, it waa pretended that Diomede had, in obedience
to the will of heaven, restored it to . /Eneas when the
latter had reached Italy; and that . /Eneas being enga-
ged at the time in a sacrifice. -an individual named Nau-
tes had received the imsge, and hence the Nautian, not
the Julian, family had the performance of the rites of
Minerva. (Varro, ap. Serv. ad Virg. , Mn. , 2, 166. )
This story deserves to be claased with another, which
? tttcs, that the Ilienses were never deprived by the
Greeks of the statue of Minerva, but concealed it in a
cavern until the period of the Mithradatic war, when
it was discovered and sent to Rome by Fimbria.
(Serv. , I. e.
)--From all that has been said, it would ap-
pear, that the ancient cities in general were accustom-
ed to have tutelary images, which they held peculiarly
? acred, and with which their safety waa thought to be
intimately connected; and as Pallas or Minerva was
in an especial sense the "protectress of cities" (n-oXfoii-
X<K), it waa but natural that many places should con-
tend for the honour of having the true image of that
goddess contained within its walls. (Du Theil, Mem.
it VAcad. tics Inter. , &c, vol. 39, p. 238. --Hcyne,
Exeurs. , 9, ad /En. , 2. --Spanheim, ad Calltm. , H. in
Lav. Pall. , 39. )
Palladius, I. a sophist, a native of Methone, who
lived in the time of Constantino the Great. He wrote
Dissertations or Declamatory Essays, and also a work
on the Roman festivals. (Photius, cod. . 132, vol. 1,
p. 97, ed. Bekker. -- SehSU, Hist. Lit. Gr. , vol. 6, p.
312. )--II. An eastern prelate and ecclesiastical writer,
a native of Galatia, born about A. D. 368, and made
bishop of Hellcnopolis in Hithynia. He was ordain-
ed by Chrysoslom, to whose party he attached him-
self, and, on the banishment of Chrysostom, fell un-
der persecution, and, being obliged to withdraw from
hia see, retired to Italy, and took refuge at Rome.
Some time after, venturing to return to the East, he
was banished to Syene. Having regained his liberty,
he resigned the see of Hellcnopolis, and was appoint-
ed to the bishopric of Alexandrea. He is thought to
have died A. D. 431. He wrote the " I. ausiac History"
? ? about the year 421, which contains the lives of per-
Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-26 09:14 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uva. x001045523 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? PAL
PAL
What he states respecting the mode of preserving
fruits, &c, is taken from the Greek Geoponica, of
which he appears to have possessed a much more com-
plete copy than the abridgment which has come down
to us. --Of the fourteen books of his-work, the first
contains a general introduction; each of the twelve
following bears the name of one of the months of the
year, and treats of the labours proper to each season;
the fourteenth book is a poem, in elegiac measure, on
the grafting of trees. The style of Palladius is in-
correct and full of neologisms. In his poems he dis-
plays some talent by the variety which lie introduces
in describing the operation of grafting as suitable to
different kinds of trees. He is often, however, ob-
? cure, and too figurative. --Critics have not been able
to agree as to the period when this writer lived; some
placing him at the beginning of the second century,
others at the end of the fourth. Some suppose him to
be the same with tho relative of whom the poet Rutil-
ius speaks in his Itinerary (I, 20S), while others very
justly remark, in opposition to this, that the last-men-
tioned writer was a young Gaul, sent by his father to
the capita! of the empire, to study law there, whereas
Palladius had possessions in Italy and Sardinia: they
add, that the name of Palladius does not occur among
those of the prefects and other high magistrates du-
ring the first half of the fifth century, while the title
of Vir illustris, which the manuscripts give to our au-
thor, indicate that he was invested with some high
official dignity. Wemsdorff has attempted another
mode of ascertaining the age of Palladius. The four-
teenth book of his work being dedicated to a certain
Pasiphilis, he has endeavoured to discover the period
when this latter individual lived, whom Palladius styles
a wise man, and whose fidelity he praises {ornalus
fidti). Ammianus Marcellinus (29, 1), in speaking of
the conspiracy against Valens, which was discovered
in 371, relates, that the proconsul Eutropius, who was
among the accused, was saved by tho courage of the
philosopher Pasiphilus, from whom the torture could
wring no confession. These circumstances harmonize
in some degree, according to Wemsdorff, with the ep-
ithets bestowed by Palladius on his friend; and if this
is the same Pasiphilus who, in 395, was rector of a
province, as appears from a law of the Theodosian
tode 'L. 8. --Cod. Theod. , I. 2, tit. 1), we may sup-
pose that the fourteenth book of Palladius, where no
allusion is made to this official rank, was written be-
tween 371 and 395. {Scholl, Hitt. Lit. Rom, vol. 3,
p. 243, scqq. )
Pallanteum, an ancient town of Italy, in the vi-
cinity of Keate, in the territory of the Sabines. It
was said, in tradition, to have been founded by the
Arcadian Pclasgi united with the Aborigines. (Dion.
Hal. , 1, 14. ) From it, according to some, the Pala-
tine Mount at Rome is said to have derived its name.
{Varro, L. L. , 4. ) Holstcnius {ad Steph. Byz. , s. v. )
thinks it must have occupied the site of Palazzo, on
the hill called Fontt di Rieti. The real name of this
place was Palacium, as appears from a rare coin pub-
lished by Sestini from the Museo Fontana. {Classes
Gen. sea Mon. Vet. , p. 12. --Cramer's Ancient Italy,
vol. 1, p. 317. )
Pallantias, I. a name of Aurora, as being related
to the giant Pallas, whose cousin she was. Pallas was
son of Creiis {tov Kpeiov), Aurora was daughter of
Hyperion, and Hyperion and Creiis were brothers, off-
? ? spring of Ccelus and Terra. {Hesiod, Theog. , 134,
Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-26 09:14 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uva. x001045523 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? PALMYRA.
PALMYRA
Greeks was the "Tadmor in the wilderness" boilt
by Solomon: from which two things may be inferred;
first, that this monarch extended bis arms and his ter-
ritory thus far; and, secondly, that he must have had
tome adequate object for so doing, and for maintain-
ing an establishment and erecting a city, at incredible
pains and expense, on a spot so remote from the habita-
ble parts of his kingdom. The circumstance of Palmy-
ra's being situated in an oasis, sheltered by hills to the
wist and northwest, and supplied with wholesome wa-
fer, and also on a line leading from the coast of Syria
to the regions of Mesopotamia, Persia, and India,
must have pointed it out, in very early times, to the
caravans, as a convenient halling-place in the midst of
the desert. The Phoenicians, in all probability, were
acquainted with it at an early period, and may have
suggested to Solomon, with whom the King of Tyre
was in alliance, the idea of establishing an emporium
here. We read in the second book of Chronicles (8,
4), that Solomon "built Tadmor in the wilderness,
and all the store-cities which he built in Hamath. "
Hamath was a town and territory extending along the
banks of the Orontcs, and bordering on the Syrian
desert. After this, we read no more of Tadmor in
the Scriptures; but John of Antioch, probably from
some tradition, says that it was destroyed by Nebu-
chadnezzar. The first notice which we have of it in
Roman history is at the commencement of the wars
with the Parthians, when we find it mentioned as a
rich and powerful city, and permitted to maintain a
state of independence and neutrality between the con-
tending parties in this struggle. Marc Antony, indeed,
attempted to plunder it, but the inhabitants removed
their most valuable effects over the Euphrates, and de-
fended the passage of the river by their archers. The
? iretence he made use of, to give such conduct a colour
of justice, was, that they did not preserve a strict neu-
trality; but Appian says his real motive was to en-
rich his troops with the plunder of the Palmyrencs.
in the time of Pliny it was the intermediate emporium
of the trade with the East, a city of merchants and
factors, who carried on traffic with the Parthians on
:! . ie one hand, and the Romans on the other. The
produce of India found its way to the Roman world
through Palmyra. Pliny has very happily collected in
a few lines the most striking circumstances with re-
gard to this place, except that he takes no notice of
the buildings. "Palmyra is remarkable for situation,
a rich soil and pleasant streams; it is surrounded on
all sides by a vast sandy desert, which totally separates
it from the rest of the world, and has preserved its in-
dependence between the two great empires of Rome
and Parthia, whose first care when at war is to engage
it in their interest. " Palmyra afterward became alli-
ed to the empire as a free state, and was greatly fa-
voured by Hadrian and the Antonincs, under whom it
attained its greatest splendour. We find, from the in-
scriptions, that the Palmyrencs joined Alexander Scv-
erus in his expedition against the Persians. We do
not meet with the mention of the city again until
the reign of Gallienus, when it makes a principal fig-
ure in the history of those times, and in a few years
experienced the greatest vicissitudes of good and bad
fortune. After attaining to a widely-extended nway
siider Odenatus and his queen Zenobia, who survived
him, it fell at length, together with the latter, under
the power of Aurelian. (Vid. Odenatus, and Zeno-
? ? bia. ) A revolt, on his departure, compelled him to
Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-26 09:14 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uva. x001045523 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? PAM
PAH
l*icm as hardly repaying the toils and expense or the
journey, it must be recollected that he was already
satiated with the wonders of Egypt. Yet, taken as a
tout ensemble, he admits that they are more remarka-
ble by reason of their extent (being nearly a mile and
i half in length), than any which he had met with;
V*y have the advantage, too, of being less encumber-
ed with modern fabrics than almost any ancient ruins.
Exclusive of the Arab village of Tadmor, which oc-
cupies the peristyle court of the Temple of the Sun,
and the Turkish burying-place, there are no obstruc-
tions whatever to the antiquities. The temple itself
u disfigured, indeed, by modern works, but it is still
a most majestic object. The natives firmly believe,
Mr. Wood informs us, that the existing ruins were the
works of King Solomon. "All these mighty things,"
say they, "Solyman Ebn Daoud (Solomon the son of
David) did by the assistance of spirits. " King Solo-
Dion :j the Merlin of the East, and to the genii in his
service the Persians as well as the Arabs ascribe all
the magnificent remains of ancient art. From the
dates in the inscriptions, in which the era of Seleucus
is observed, with the Macedonian names of the months,
it appears that none of the existing monuments are
earlier than the birth of Christ; nor is there any in-
scription so late as the destruction of the city by
Aurelian, except one in Latin, which mentions Dio-
clesian. "As to the age of those ruinoua heaps,"
says Mr. Wood, "which belonged evidently to build-
ings of greater antiquity than those which are yet
partly standing, it is difficult even to guess; but if
we are allowed to form a judgment by comparing their
state with that of the monument of Iamblichus at Pal-
myra, we must conclude them extremely old; for
that building, erected 1750 years ago" (Mr. Wood
published! in 1753), " is the most perfect piece of an-
tiquity I ever saw. " (MansforaVs Scripture Gazet-
teer, p. 451, scqq. -- Modern Traveller, part 5, p. 10,
Pamisos, I. a river of Thessaly, now the Fanari,
falling into the Peneus to the east of Tricca. (He-
rod , 7, 132 )--II. Major, a river of Messenia, falling
into the Sinus Messcniacus at its head. It is now
the Pimatza. (Walpole, vol. 2, p. 3S. ) Pausanias
affirms, that the waters of this river were remarkably
pure, and abounded with various kinds of fish. He
adds, that it was navigable for ten stadia from the sea
(4, 34. --Compare Polyb. , 16, 16). --III. A torrent of
Messenia, falling into the Sinus Messeniacus near
Leuctrum, and forming part of the ancient boundary
oetween Laconia and Messenia. (Strab. , 361. )
Pamphila, a Grecian female, whom Photius makes
a native of Egypt, but who, according to Suidas, Dio-
genes Laertius (1, 24), and others, was born at Epi-
daurus in Argolis. She wrote several works, the con-
tents of which were chiefly historical. One of these
was entitled 'Entro/ial loroptuv (Historical Abridg-
ments). Another, which Photius has made known to
us, bore the name of ZvuuLKra ioropina vrouvTJfiara
(Historical Miscellany). It was a species of note or
? nemorandum book, in which this female regularly in-
serted, every day, whatever she heard most deserving
of being remembered, in the conversations between her
Husband Socratidas and the literary friends who visited
his house, and also whatever she had met with wor-
thy of being recorded, in the course of her historical
reading. She was united to Socratidas for thirteen
years, during all which time the compilation was being
? ? formed. The work, however, was without any syste-
Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-26 09:14 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uva. x001045523 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? PA M
<<pc>>k in Che highest terms of his piety and benevo-
lence :>>rorne states, that Pamphilus composed an
apology for Origen before Eusebius; but, at a later
)eriod, having discovered that the work which he had
taken for Pamphilus's was only the first book of Eu-
? cbius's apology for Origen, he denieil that Pamphilus
? 'rote anything except short letters to his friends.
The truth seems to be, that the first die books of the
"Apology for Origen" were composed by Eusebius
and Pamphilus jointly, and the sixth book by Euse-
bius alone, after the death of Pamphilus. Another
work, which Pamphilus effected in conjunction with
Eusebius, was an edition of the Septaagint, from the
text in Origen's Hexapla. This edition was gen-
erally used in the Eastern church. Montfaucon and
Fabricius have published "Contents of the Acts of
the Apostles" aa a work of Pamphilus; but this is in
all probabili'y the work of a later writer. Eusebius
wrote a " Life of Pamphilus," in three bocks, which
is now entirely lost, with the exception of a few frag-
ments, and even of these the genuineness is extremely
doubtful. We have, however, notices of him in the
"Ecclesiastical History" of Eusebius (7, 32), and in
the " De Viris Illustrious," and other works df Je-
ome. (I. aril tin's Credibility, pt. 2, c. 59 )
Pamphds, an early Athenian bard, and a disciple, as
was said, of Linus. Philostratus has preserved two
remarkable versos of his, which recall to mind the
symbol under which the Egyptians typified the Crea-
tor of the universe, or the author of animal life.
a colony of Arcadians, is said to have left the city of
Pallantium, and to have fixed his settlement on this
hill, to which he gave the name of Pallatium, from his
native city in Arcadia. Dionysius (2, 2), Livy (1, 5),
Solinus (de cons. Urb. , lib. 2), Virgil (JSn. , 8, 51),
and other ancient writers, agree in giving this as a re-
ceived tradition, of the value of which, however, the
investigations of modern philologists have taught us
t: entertain no very exalted opinion. In one thing,
however, all writers, both ancient and modern, agree,
namely, that the original site of Rome was on the
Pilitine, whether we ascribe its foundation to Evander
of to Romulus. The steepness of the sides of the hill
would be its natural defence, and on one quarter it was
still farther strengthened by a swamp, which lay between
the hill an-i the Tiber, and which was afterward drained
and called the Vclabrum. In the course of time, dwell-
ings sprung up around the foot of the hill, but the Pala-
tine must still have remained the citadel of the growing
town, just as at Athens, that which was the iroXic be-
came eventually the dvrpoiroAtc. These suburbs were
enclosed by a line, probably a rude fortification, which
'he learning of Tacitus enabled him to trace, and which
he calls the pomarium of Romulus. (Ann. , 12, 24. )
It ran under three sides of the hill; the fourth was
occupied by the swamp before mentioned, where it
was neither needful nor possible to carry a wall. The
ancient city was comprised within this outline, or pos-
sibly only the citadel on the summit of the hill was
called by Roman antiquaries the "Square Rome"
{Roma Quadrata). (Ennius, ap. Fest. , s. t>. Quadrats
Roma. --Plot. , Vit. Rom. )--Varro, in the true spirit
of an etymologist, gives us our choice of several deri-
vations for thenameofPalatium: "It might be called,"
he says, " Palalium, because the companions of Evan-
der were palantcs" or "wanderers;" or "because the
inhabitants of Palanlcum, which is the Reatine terri-
tory, who were also the aborigines, settled there; or
because Palalia was the name of the wife of Latinus;
? ? or, finally, because tile bleating sheep (balantes) were
Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-26 09:14 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uva. x001045523 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? f AL
PA L
I Co/nod1. , 7, 5. )--Contiguous to the house o( Aogus-
tua was the famous tctr. p'e of the Palatine Apollo,
erected bv the emperor in fulfilment of a vow made to
that deity on the morning of the battle of Actium.
Ovid and Propertius describe it as a splendid structure
of white marble. (Or. , Trist. , 3, 1. --Proper! . , 2, 31. )
The portico more especially was an object of admira-
tion , it was adorned with columns of African marble,
and statues of the Danaides. Connected with the
temple was a magnificent library, filled with the works
of the best Greek and Latin authors. (Suet. , Vtt.
Aug-, 29. ) It contained, according to Pliny (34, 7),
a colossal statue of Apollo, in bronze, of Tuscan work-
manship, which was much esteemed. (Cramer's Ane.
Italy, vol. 1, p. 448, scqq. )--"The fail of the palace
of tho Ca;sars," observes a late writer, "like that of
almost every other monument of antiquity, was less
the work o' foreign barbarians than of the Romans
themselves. The Goths, in the fifth century, pillaged
it of its gold, its silver, its ivory, and most of its port-
able treasures. Genscric seized its bronze, and all
its remaining precious metals; and the shipload of
statues which the capricious Vandal sent to Africa,
was supposed to consist chiefly of the plunder of the
imperial palace. The troops of Belisarius lodged in
it; so also did the soldiers of Totila, during his second
occupation of Rome; but that is no proof of its de-
struction; on the contrary, the spoils of modern exca-
vations have proved how vast were the treasures of art
and magnificence, which had been spared or despised
hy their forbearance or ignorance; and, however the
interior splendour of the palace of the Cxsars might
suffer by these barbarian inmates, we know, at least,
that its immense exterior, its courts and corridors, and
wails, and roofs, and pavements, were in perfect pres-
ervation at a much Later period; for in the days of
Heraclius, the beginning of the seventh century, it
was still fit to receive a royal guest, and it appears to
have been entire in the eighth century, from the men-
tion made of it by Anastasius. In the long feudal
wars of the Roman nobles, during the barbarous ages,
its ruin began. It was attacked and fortified, taken
and retaken, and for a length of time was the central
fortress of the Frangipani family, who possessed a
rluin of redoubts around it, erected on the ruins of
Rome. Gut its final destruction was consummated
by the Farncse popes and princes, who laboriously de-
stroyed its ruins to build up their palaces and villas
with the materials; buried these magnificent halls be-
neath their wretched gardens, and erected upon them
the hideous summer-houses and grottoes, the deformity
of which still impeaches the taste of their architect,
Michael Angelo Buonarotti. --In the southern part of
the palace, about 150 years ago, a room full of Roman
coins was discovered, and a magnificent hall hung
with cloth of gold, which fell into dust as soon as the
air was admitted. About one hundred years ago, a
hall forty feet in length was discovered on the Palatine,
the walls of which were entirely covered with paint-
ings. They were taken off and sent to Naples, and
there were permitted to lie mouldering in damp cellars
until every vestige of the paintings had disappeared. "
(Home ir. the Nineteenth Century, vol. 1, p. 164, scqq. ,
Am. cd. )
Pales, the goddess who presided over cattle and
pastures among the ancient Romans. Her festival,
C4. . ed the Palilia, was celebrated on the 21st of April,
? ? mid was regarded as the day on which Rome had been
Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-26 09:14 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uva. x001045523 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? PAL
TALLADIUM.
gent'. e mode of treatment, and to ratify their promise
v. itu an oath, before the fugitives returned. --The Si-
cilian leader Ducetiua founded a city named Palicc in
the vicinity of the temple and lakes. It did not, how-
ever, flourish for any length of time, but was already in
ruins in the time of Diodorus. We are not acquaint-
ed with the causes of its overthrow. --The Sicilian
Palici, according to Creuzer, are mythic creations typ-
ifying some of the movements of the elements. Some
authorities make Jupiter, changed into a vulture, to
have been their father; while others mention Menanus
nr Amenanus, a deified stream (perhaps the stream of
the year), as their parent. (Clem. , Homil. , 6, 13. --
Crmzer, ad Cic. de N. D. , 3, 22. ) Vidcan, the god
of fire, was one of these subterranean genii. The
story of their birih and subsequent movements, when
stripped of its mythic character, is simply this: the
Palici denote the elements of fire and water in a state
of activity; engendered by the eternal power of na-
ture, but subjected, like it, to eternal vicissitudes,
they alternately escape from the bowels of the earth in
torrents of flame or water, and again, when their fury
is spent, plunge into its bosom. {Creuzer, Symbolik,
vol. 2, p. 229. --Guigniaut, vol. 3, p. 186. )
Pu. ii. ia, a festival celebrated by the Romans, in
honour of the goddess Pales. (Vid. Pales. )
PaunC'rus, I. the son of Iasius, a Trojan, and the
pilot of the vessel of . /Eneas. While the fleet was
sailing near Caprea, he yielded to sleep and fell into
the sea; a circumstance which Virgil has dignified,
by representing Morpheus as overpowering Palinurus,
who had been already exhausted by the fatigue of
watching. He floated in safety for three days, but, on
landing near Velia, he fell a victim to the ferocity of
the inhabitants, who (it seems) were wont to assail
? nd plunder the shipwrecked mariner. When /Eneas
visited the lower world, he assured Palinurus that,
though his bones had been deprived of sepulture, and
though he was thereby prevented from crossing the
Stygian Lake, there should yet be a monument dedica-
ted to his memory on the spot where he had been in-
hcmanly murdered. This eventually took place.
The I. ucani, being afflicted by a pestilence, were told
by the oracle that, in order to be relieved from it, they
must appease the manes of Palinurus. A tomb was
accordingly erected to his memory, and a neighbouring
promontory called after his name. {Virg. , JEn . , fj,
840, seqq. --Id. ib. , 6, 337, seqq. --Sen. , ad foe. )--II.
A promontory of Italy, on the western coast of Luca-
nia, just above tho I. bus Sinus. It was also called
Palinorum, and Palinuri Promontorium. Tradition
ascribed its name to Palinurus, the pilot of /Eneas.
yVirg. , Jin. , 6, 380. ) The modem appellation is
Capo di Palinuro. Orosius (4, 9) records a disastrous
shipwreck on the rocks of Palinurus, sustained by a
Roman fleet on its return from Attica, when 150 ves-
sels were lost. Augustus also encountered great peril
on this part of the coast, when, according to Appian,
many of his ships were dashed against this headland.
(Bell. Civ. , 6, 98. -- Cramer's Anc. Italy, vol. 2, p.
873. )
Palicoruh Staona, sulphureous pools in Sicily.
{rid. Palici. )
Palladium, a celebrated statue of Minerva, said to
have fallen from the skies, and on the preservation of
which depended the safety of the city of Troy. The
traditions respecting it were innumerable. According
? ? to Apollodorus, it was made by Minerva herself, and
Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-26 09:14 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uva. x001045523 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? f AL
rAl. l. ADH S.
lowed by Suidas, <<aya it was not Diomcde, but Aga-
memnon. The Argives, on the other hand main-
? ained that they had the true Palladium n theii :oun-
xty (Pausan. , 2, 23); while Pausaniaa \ u. self inaiata
that /Eneas carried off with him the . rue statue to
Italy ('. c). It was an established belief among the
Romans that their city contained the real Palladium,
and that it was preserved in the temple of Vesta. It
was regarded as the fated pledge of the continuance
>>f their empire, and not even the Pontifex Maximus
ivas allowed to behold it. (Ovid, Fast. , 6, 424, scqq. )
Hence on ancient gems we sometimes see Vesta rep-
resented with the Palladium. (Maffei, Gcmm. Ant. ,
n. 2, n. 76. ) Herodian relates (1,114), that when, in
the reign of Commodus, the temple of Vesta was
consumed, the Palladium was for the first time ex-
posed to public view, the Vestal Virgins having con-
veyed it through the Via Sacra lo the palace of the
emperor. This was the only instance of its having
been disturbed since the time when Metellus the Pon-
tifex rescued it from the flames on a similar occasion.
(Ovid, Fast. , I. c. ) In the reign of Elagabalua, how-
ever, that emperor, with daring impiety, caused the
sacred statue to be brought into his bedchamber, irpoc
ya/iov tu #e? . (Herodtan, 5, 6, 8. )--In order to ac-
count for the Romans having the Palladium among
them, it waa pretended that Diomede had, in obedience
to the will of heaven, restored it to . /Eneas when the
latter had reached Italy; and that . /Eneas being enga-
ged at the time in a sacrifice. -an individual named Nau-
tes had received the imsge, and hence the Nautian, not
the Julian, family had the performance of the rites of
Minerva. (Varro, ap. Serv. ad Virg. , Mn. , 2, 166. )
This story deserves to be claased with another, which
? tttcs, that the Ilienses were never deprived by the
Greeks of the statue of Minerva, but concealed it in a
cavern until the period of the Mithradatic war, when
it was discovered and sent to Rome by Fimbria.
(Serv. , I. e.
)--From all that has been said, it would ap-
pear, that the ancient cities in general were accustom-
ed to have tutelary images, which they held peculiarly
? acred, and with which their safety waa thought to be
intimately connected; and as Pallas or Minerva was
in an especial sense the "protectress of cities" (n-oXfoii-
X<K), it waa but natural that many places should con-
tend for the honour of having the true image of that
goddess contained within its walls. (Du Theil, Mem.
it VAcad. tics Inter. , &c, vol. 39, p. 238. --Hcyne,
Exeurs. , 9, ad /En. , 2. --Spanheim, ad Calltm. , H. in
Lav. Pall. , 39. )
Palladius, I. a sophist, a native of Methone, who
lived in the time of Constantino the Great. He wrote
Dissertations or Declamatory Essays, and also a work
on the Roman festivals. (Photius, cod. . 132, vol. 1,
p. 97, ed. Bekker. -- SehSU, Hist. Lit. Gr. , vol. 6, p.
312. )--II. An eastern prelate and ecclesiastical writer,
a native of Galatia, born about A. D. 368, and made
bishop of Hellcnopolis in Hithynia. He was ordain-
ed by Chrysoslom, to whose party he attached him-
self, and, on the banishment of Chrysostom, fell un-
der persecution, and, being obliged to withdraw from
hia see, retired to Italy, and took refuge at Rome.
Some time after, venturing to return to the East, he
was banished to Syene. Having regained his liberty,
he resigned the see of Hellcnopolis, and was appoint-
ed to the bishopric of Alexandrea. He is thought to
have died A. D. 431. He wrote the " I. ausiac History"
? ? about the year 421, which contains the lives of per-
Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-26 09:14 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uva. x001045523 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? PAL
PAL
What he states respecting the mode of preserving
fruits, &c, is taken from the Greek Geoponica, of
which he appears to have possessed a much more com-
plete copy than the abridgment which has come down
to us. --Of the fourteen books of his-work, the first
contains a general introduction; each of the twelve
following bears the name of one of the months of the
year, and treats of the labours proper to each season;
the fourteenth book is a poem, in elegiac measure, on
the grafting of trees. The style of Palladius is in-
correct and full of neologisms. In his poems he dis-
plays some talent by the variety which lie introduces
in describing the operation of grafting as suitable to
different kinds of trees. He is often, however, ob-
? cure, and too figurative. --Critics have not been able
to agree as to the period when this writer lived; some
placing him at the beginning of the second century,
others at the end of the fourth. Some suppose him to
be the same with tho relative of whom the poet Rutil-
ius speaks in his Itinerary (I, 20S), while others very
justly remark, in opposition to this, that the last-men-
tioned writer was a young Gaul, sent by his father to
the capita! of the empire, to study law there, whereas
Palladius had possessions in Italy and Sardinia: they
add, that the name of Palladius does not occur among
those of the prefects and other high magistrates du-
ring the first half of the fifth century, while the title
of Vir illustris, which the manuscripts give to our au-
thor, indicate that he was invested with some high
official dignity. Wemsdorff has attempted another
mode of ascertaining the age of Palladius. The four-
teenth book of his work being dedicated to a certain
Pasiphilis, he has endeavoured to discover the period
when this latter individual lived, whom Palladius styles
a wise man, and whose fidelity he praises {ornalus
fidti). Ammianus Marcellinus (29, 1), in speaking of
the conspiracy against Valens, which was discovered
in 371, relates, that the proconsul Eutropius, who was
among the accused, was saved by tho courage of the
philosopher Pasiphilus, from whom the torture could
wring no confession. These circumstances harmonize
in some degree, according to Wemsdorff, with the ep-
ithets bestowed by Palladius on his friend; and if this
is the same Pasiphilus who, in 395, was rector of a
province, as appears from a law of the Theodosian
tode 'L. 8. --Cod. Theod. , I. 2, tit. 1), we may sup-
pose that the fourteenth book of Palladius, where no
allusion is made to this official rank, was written be-
tween 371 and 395. {Scholl, Hitt. Lit. Rom, vol. 3,
p. 243, scqq. )
Pallanteum, an ancient town of Italy, in the vi-
cinity of Keate, in the territory of the Sabines. It
was said, in tradition, to have been founded by the
Arcadian Pclasgi united with the Aborigines. (Dion.
Hal. , 1, 14. ) From it, according to some, the Pala-
tine Mount at Rome is said to have derived its name.
{Varro, L. L. , 4. ) Holstcnius {ad Steph. Byz. , s. v. )
thinks it must have occupied the site of Palazzo, on
the hill called Fontt di Rieti. The real name of this
place was Palacium, as appears from a rare coin pub-
lished by Sestini from the Museo Fontana. {Classes
Gen. sea Mon. Vet. , p. 12. --Cramer's Ancient Italy,
vol. 1, p. 317. )
Pallantias, I. a name of Aurora, as being related
to the giant Pallas, whose cousin she was. Pallas was
son of Creiis {tov Kpeiov), Aurora was daughter of
Hyperion, and Hyperion and Creiis were brothers, off-
? ? spring of Ccelus and Terra. {Hesiod, Theog. , 134,
Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-26 09:14 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uva. x001045523 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? PALMYRA.
PALMYRA
Greeks was the "Tadmor in the wilderness" boilt
by Solomon: from which two things may be inferred;
first, that this monarch extended bis arms and his ter-
ritory thus far; and, secondly, that he must have had
tome adequate object for so doing, and for maintain-
ing an establishment and erecting a city, at incredible
pains and expense, on a spot so remote from the habita-
ble parts of his kingdom. The circumstance of Palmy-
ra's being situated in an oasis, sheltered by hills to the
wist and northwest, and supplied with wholesome wa-
fer, and also on a line leading from the coast of Syria
to the regions of Mesopotamia, Persia, and India,
must have pointed it out, in very early times, to the
caravans, as a convenient halling-place in the midst of
the desert. The Phoenicians, in all probability, were
acquainted with it at an early period, and may have
suggested to Solomon, with whom the King of Tyre
was in alliance, the idea of establishing an emporium
here. We read in the second book of Chronicles (8,
4), that Solomon "built Tadmor in the wilderness,
and all the store-cities which he built in Hamath. "
Hamath was a town and territory extending along the
banks of the Orontcs, and bordering on the Syrian
desert. After this, we read no more of Tadmor in
the Scriptures; but John of Antioch, probably from
some tradition, says that it was destroyed by Nebu-
chadnezzar. The first notice which we have of it in
Roman history is at the commencement of the wars
with the Parthians, when we find it mentioned as a
rich and powerful city, and permitted to maintain a
state of independence and neutrality between the con-
tending parties in this struggle. Marc Antony, indeed,
attempted to plunder it, but the inhabitants removed
their most valuable effects over the Euphrates, and de-
fended the passage of the river by their archers. The
? iretence he made use of, to give such conduct a colour
of justice, was, that they did not preserve a strict neu-
trality; but Appian says his real motive was to en-
rich his troops with the plunder of the Palmyrencs.
in the time of Pliny it was the intermediate emporium
of the trade with the East, a city of merchants and
factors, who carried on traffic with the Parthians on
:! . ie one hand, and the Romans on the other. The
produce of India found its way to the Roman world
through Palmyra. Pliny has very happily collected in
a few lines the most striking circumstances with re-
gard to this place, except that he takes no notice of
the buildings. "Palmyra is remarkable for situation,
a rich soil and pleasant streams; it is surrounded on
all sides by a vast sandy desert, which totally separates
it from the rest of the world, and has preserved its in-
dependence between the two great empires of Rome
and Parthia, whose first care when at war is to engage
it in their interest. " Palmyra afterward became alli-
ed to the empire as a free state, and was greatly fa-
voured by Hadrian and the Antonincs, under whom it
attained its greatest splendour. We find, from the in-
scriptions, that the Palmyrencs joined Alexander Scv-
erus in his expedition against the Persians. We do
not meet with the mention of the city again until
the reign of Gallienus, when it makes a principal fig-
ure in the history of those times, and in a few years
experienced the greatest vicissitudes of good and bad
fortune. After attaining to a widely-extended nway
siider Odenatus and his queen Zenobia, who survived
him, it fell at length, together with the latter, under
the power of Aurelian. (Vid. Odenatus, and Zeno-
? ? bia. ) A revolt, on his departure, compelled him to
Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-26 09:14 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uva. x001045523 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? PAM
PAH
l*icm as hardly repaying the toils and expense or the
journey, it must be recollected that he was already
satiated with the wonders of Egypt. Yet, taken as a
tout ensemble, he admits that they are more remarka-
ble by reason of their extent (being nearly a mile and
i half in length), than any which he had met with;
V*y have the advantage, too, of being less encumber-
ed with modern fabrics than almost any ancient ruins.
Exclusive of the Arab village of Tadmor, which oc-
cupies the peristyle court of the Temple of the Sun,
and the Turkish burying-place, there are no obstruc-
tions whatever to the antiquities. The temple itself
u disfigured, indeed, by modern works, but it is still
a most majestic object. The natives firmly believe,
Mr. Wood informs us, that the existing ruins were the
works of King Solomon. "All these mighty things,"
say they, "Solyman Ebn Daoud (Solomon the son of
David) did by the assistance of spirits. " King Solo-
Dion :j the Merlin of the East, and to the genii in his
service the Persians as well as the Arabs ascribe all
the magnificent remains of ancient art. From the
dates in the inscriptions, in which the era of Seleucus
is observed, with the Macedonian names of the months,
it appears that none of the existing monuments are
earlier than the birth of Christ; nor is there any in-
scription so late as the destruction of the city by
Aurelian, except one in Latin, which mentions Dio-
clesian. "As to the age of those ruinoua heaps,"
says Mr. Wood, "which belonged evidently to build-
ings of greater antiquity than those which are yet
partly standing, it is difficult even to guess; but if
we are allowed to form a judgment by comparing their
state with that of the monument of Iamblichus at Pal-
myra, we must conclude them extremely old; for
that building, erected 1750 years ago" (Mr. Wood
published! in 1753), " is the most perfect piece of an-
tiquity I ever saw. " (MansforaVs Scripture Gazet-
teer, p. 451, scqq. -- Modern Traveller, part 5, p. 10,
Pamisos, I. a river of Thessaly, now the Fanari,
falling into the Peneus to the east of Tricca. (He-
rod , 7, 132 )--II. Major, a river of Messenia, falling
into the Sinus Messcniacus at its head. It is now
the Pimatza. (Walpole, vol. 2, p. 3S. ) Pausanias
affirms, that the waters of this river were remarkably
pure, and abounded with various kinds of fish. He
adds, that it was navigable for ten stadia from the sea
(4, 34. --Compare Polyb. , 16, 16). --III. A torrent of
Messenia, falling into the Sinus Messeniacus near
Leuctrum, and forming part of the ancient boundary
oetween Laconia and Messenia. (Strab. , 361. )
Pamphila, a Grecian female, whom Photius makes
a native of Egypt, but who, according to Suidas, Dio-
genes Laertius (1, 24), and others, was born at Epi-
daurus in Argolis. She wrote several works, the con-
tents of which were chiefly historical. One of these
was entitled 'Entro/ial loroptuv (Historical Abridg-
ments). Another, which Photius has made known to
us, bore the name of ZvuuLKra ioropina vrouvTJfiara
(Historical Miscellany). It was a species of note or
? nemorandum book, in which this female regularly in-
serted, every day, whatever she heard most deserving
of being remembered, in the conversations between her
Husband Socratidas and the literary friends who visited
his house, and also whatever she had met with wor-
thy of being recorded, in the course of her historical
reading. She was united to Socratidas for thirteen
years, during all which time the compilation was being
? ? formed. The work, however, was without any syste-
Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-26 09:14 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uva. x001045523 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? PA M
<<pc>>k in Che highest terms of his piety and benevo-
lence :>>rorne states, that Pamphilus composed an
apology for Origen before Eusebius; but, at a later
)eriod, having discovered that the work which he had
taken for Pamphilus's was only the first book of Eu-
? cbius's apology for Origen, he denieil that Pamphilus
? 'rote anything except short letters to his friends.
The truth seems to be, that the first die books of the
"Apology for Origen" were composed by Eusebius
and Pamphilus jointly, and the sixth book by Euse-
bius alone, after the death of Pamphilus. Another
work, which Pamphilus effected in conjunction with
Eusebius, was an edition of the Septaagint, from the
text in Origen's Hexapla. This edition was gen-
erally used in the Eastern church. Montfaucon and
Fabricius have published "Contents of the Acts of
the Apostles" aa a work of Pamphilus; but this is in
all probabili'y the work of a later writer. Eusebius
wrote a " Life of Pamphilus," in three bocks, which
is now entirely lost, with the exception of a few frag-
ments, and even of these the genuineness is extremely
doubtful. We have, however, notices of him in the
"Ecclesiastical History" of Eusebius (7, 32), and in
the " De Viris Illustrious," and other works df Je-
ome. (I. aril tin's Credibility, pt. 2, c. 59 )
Pamphds, an early Athenian bard, and a disciple, as
was said, of Linus. Philostratus has preserved two
remarkable versos of his, which recall to mind the
symbol under which the Egyptians typified the Crea-
tor of the universe, or the author of animal life.
