Sleep has not
oppressed
you; night has not covered you with its shadows.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v5
The work of Tassiu is singularly correct, as is shown by the fact, that the Irish coast is delineated with a care and an accuracy, which is wanting in English IMaps, which were published centuries later.
9 Before the time of St.
Brendan, however, a beautiful Irish legend or tradition, known as " The Land of Youth," had fired the warm Celtic imagination.
It was supposed to have extended out in the Atlantic Ocean, and its inhabitants were thought tobeexemptfromoldageanditsnumerousinfirmities.
Thelandabounded in all manner of delights ;'° and, all along the western and northern coasts of Ireland, a variety of traditions prevailed, respecting the existence of that far distant region.
"
In the early Irish schools, it is probable, their philosophic masters taught or speculated on tlie doctrine of the world being a globe,'^ and for such an opinion, they miyht quote from the great St. Augustine himself. '^ This Fathfef speaks of four parts of the world,''' in his day; but, it may be questioned, if he alludes to so many continents, and not rather to the cardinal points, east, west, north, and south. Of the earth's actual extent and shape, little then appearstohavebeenknown,withanygreatapproachtoaccuracy yet,some
;
vague and dreamy conception of remote territories existed, in Ireland, but mythic inventions were superadded to any real evidence, that had been obtained, regarding those unexplored lands. The old pagan philosophers seem to have held an opinion, about the sphericity of the earth ; and Plato first applied the term Antipodes to those men, supposed to have been living, at the extreme diameter. However, Lactantius ridicules this notion, in a re- markable passage of his writings. '^ During the early ages of Christianity, the people of the Eastern Hemisphere had no knowledge concerning the races, even then existing in the Western Hemispliere. The aboriginal inhabitants of North America probably belonged to different nations of the old world. '^ It is generally thought, that the great majority of the early colonists crossed
colonies from Iberia and from Ireland had '* He says, " quatuov tempora, et quatuor settled in Atlantis, before it had dis- partes orbis terrse. "—Sermones 197. Da
appeared.
^ lie reigned from a. d. i6ioto 1643. See
an account of his reign, in L—P. Anquetil's " Histoire de France," Blanche des Valois, pp. 450 to 507.
Temporibus.
'^ lie say s: " Quid illi qui esse contraries
vestigiis nostris Antipodes puiantriuni aliquid loquuntur? Aut est quisquam tam ineptus qui credat esse homines quorum vestigia sunt superiora quam capita, aut ibi quae apud
* These facts are stated, by \V. Frazer,
M. D. , in a paper read before the Royal nos jacent universa penderc? frugcs et Dublin Society, January 20th, 1879. Dr. arbores deorsum versus crescere ? pluvias et
. Frnzer believes, that there was actually a small island, at one period, corresponding with the marking on Tassiu's map of Hy Urazil. 'Se. Q Freemati's Journal of January 2ist, 1879.
"• Poetic allusion is made to it, by the author of " The Monks of Kilcrea and other Ballads and Poems," by * * * . See Gleeman's Tale, Canto ii. , sect, xvii. , xviii. , xix. , XX. ])p. 78 to 85.
,
"See Mr. and Mrs. Hall's "Ireland:
nives et grandincs sursum versus c. idere in- terram, ct miratur aliquis hortos pensilesiu- ter septem mira narrare cum )ihilos()pl)i et
? ''
agios, ct maria. ct monies pcnsilcs faciunt —Lactantius, " Dc Falsa Sapientia rhiloso- phorum'" cnp. 24.
"^ The fullest information regarding the various aboriginal Tribes of North America will be found in a magnificent work, pub- lished by authority of the United States Government, and intituled: "Historical
its Scenery, Character, &c. ,'' vol. iii. , p. and . Statistical Information, respecting the
439.
'"^ At Ic. Tst, this science was taught, in the
eighth century, when St. Virgilius, Bishop of Snlzburgh flourished.
History, Condition and l'ro. specls of the
Indian Tribes of the United Stales, &c. by ,
Henry K. . Schoolcraft. LI. . D. , illustrated by
S. Fast man, Cajit. , U. S. A. Six large 410 '' . See '• Dc Civitatc Dei," lib xvi. , vuls. , with coloured plates, Philadelphia,
cap. ix. 1S51 to 1857.
May 1 6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 409
over from Eastern Asia through Bhering's Straits, at a very remote era. '7 They musthavearrived,atdifferentperiods; but,hitherto,theresearchesofhistorians and ethnologists have thrown very little light, on their origin and descent. '^ OtheraccountsbringthosesettlersfromEasternEuropeorWesternAsia. Itis stated, that one Eluli flourished in Tyre, about that time, when Romulus had finished his building of Rome, B. C. 753. '^ It is asserted, tliat Eluli was forced by King Sennacherib to quit the country, and that he sailed with an expedi- tion due west, through the Straits of Gibraltar, and that never was he heard of afterwards. Some have imagined, tliat he drifted onwards to the American Continent, that he landed there, and that he was one of the first colonizers
from abroad. We may well relegate to the department of romance, the ad- ventures of voyagers, who passed beyond the seas to a golden mountain, on which a city built of gold had been erected. -" This was inhabited by Angels, while Enoch and Elias served God there, in a church, fashioned with gold. Those travellers believed, they had only spent three years, in this holy city; but, when they returned to their own country, it was discovered, that three centuries and seven generations had passed away, since the adventurers left.
In the age of our saint, there lived a holy man, named Barind,^' Barintus, or Barrindus,^^ who, with some other religious Irishmen, had wandered far over the Atlantic Ocean, and had returned to Ireland, early in the si. xth century, with an account of a distant and beautiful land, tliat had been discovered. TheLegendofSt. Ikendan'sVoyagemakeshimagrandsonofKingNeil, and a near relation to St. Brendan ]iimself. ''3 In the townland Anglicized Barrow,^4 parish of Ardfert, there are the ruins of a very old church, known as Teampul Bariiin. The name of Barrow is Bariiin, in Irish, which is iden- tical with that of Baruintl, Latinized Barinthus. It is possible, this holy man may have given name to that locality, where some church vestiges rise on the mainland shore, and nenr to the Island of Fenit. The walls are now almost level with the ground, except portions of the east and west gables, which re- main about three feet high, with small portions of side-walls adjoining the gables. ^5 The church was built of the rough limestone found in that locality;
'7 However, without presuming to deter- -° From aTract preserved in St. Matthieu's mine tliis question of origin, Hubert Howe Church, " ultra Britanniam in finibus terra;,"
Bancroft, in his very learned work, " The
Native Races of the Pacific States of North
America," states regarding them: "They
are tracked with equal certainty from Scan-
tiinavia, from Ireland, from Iceland, from
Greenland, across Bering Strait, across the
northern Pacific, the southern Pacific, from
tlie Polynesian Islands, from Australia, from
Africa. Venturesome Carthagians were Thomas Wright, for the Percy Society, thrown upon the eastern shore ; Japanese
junks on the western. " —Vol. i. , Wild Tribes, chap, i. . Ethnological Introduction, p. 17, London, 1875, ^vo.
'^ A very fine descriptive work, with 400 beautiful engravings, after original sketches by the author, is George Catlin's "Letters and notes on the Manners, Customs, and Condition of the North American Indians," in two 8vo volumes. London, Third Edi- tion, 1842.
'5 Varro has placed this event in the sixth Olympiad, about 3301 years from the Crea- lion of the World, according to the compu- tatioh of the Rev. Fathers Catrou and J^ouille, in their Roman History, vol. i. , Book i. , p. 23.
vol. xiv. , pp, I, 35.
^- See a further account of him, in Colgan's
we have such an account ; as also, in God- frid de Viterbe's " Great Chronicle," Part the Second.
"^^ The old English Metrical Life of St. Brandan, calls him "Barint, another abbot," while the Prose Life styles him "a holy abbot that hyght Beryne. "—"St. Brandan A Mediceval Legend of the Sea," edited by
:
" Acta Sanctorum Hibernioe," Martii x. xii. De Egressione Familise S. Brendani, pp. 721 to 725.
^3 ggg Miss Mary Frances Cusack's " History of the Kingdom of Kerry," chap, iii. , p. 47.
-• In the barony of Trughanacmy. It is shown, on the "Ordnance Survey Town- land Mnps for the County of Kerry," sheets 20, 28.
^^ The accompanying engraving, by Mrs. Millard, of Barrow old church, is from a ])hotograph, taken by Mr. Daly of Tralee, and kindly procured for the writer, by Rev. Denis O'Donoghue, P. P. The drawing on
4IO LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[May 1 6.
it is very little hammered, except the door jambs, of which one dressed stone remains, /// situ. There are no vestiges of any windows—but some red sand- stones are scattered about, which are well chiselled, and these may have be- longed to the windows. The church was about 50 feet long, and 26 feet broad exteriorly ; the walls were 3 feet in thickness, and they were built with lime mortar. There are traces of an ancient burial-ground convenient to the ruins. However, it does not appear to have been used for many generations past. About this time, St. Brendan was distinguished for his great virtues and wonderful abstemiousness. While engaged in religious services, at a place, called in Latin Saltus Virtutum^ or Saliiis Virtiitum Bre/idani^ it chanced, that Father Barintus ^^ came to him one evening.
the Lwood was executed, by William F. Wakcman.
*7 According to Colgan, he is called like- wise. ThernocusandMothcrnocus. Hepro- mised to treat more fully al)i>iit him, at the
Ruins of Kilbarrind, County of Kerry.
rogated him, in various ways; but, Barindus only answered in tears, prostra- ting himself upon the earth, and continuing to pray for a long time. Aware of wliat different wonders his guest miglit be able to relate, regarding what he had seen on the ocean ; Brendan raised him from the eartli, and embraced him, asking why his presence should cause sorrow, and not joy, to all the brethren, since his arrival was expected rather for their consolation, (^n being earnestly requested, in the name of God, to begin his narrative, Barintus thus commtnced : " My dear son, Mernoc,^^ procurator for the poor of Christ, and, wishing to lead a solitary life, fled from me. He found an island, which was most delightful, near a mountain of stone. ''^ After a long time
'* Ho is called a "cognitus," or relation
of St. Brendan ; but, as Father John 2nd of July, at the iSth of August, and Coljjan obsci vcs, this relationship was on the at the 3rd of October. See ibiJ. , n. 3, mother's side. . See "Acta Sanctorum P- 725-
Ilibcrnice. " Martii xxii. De Egrcssionc Familix . S. Brcndani, cap. i. , p. 721, and n. 2, pp. 724. 725.
-" The text is "juxta montem lapidis," and here there are various readings, in dilTcrcnt Manuscripts.
Our saint inter-
411
had elapsed, I learned that he had many monks there with him, and that God hadmanifestedwonderfulmiracles,inhisregard. Wherefore,Iwent10visit my dear son, and when I had made a three days' journey, he met me, with . his brethren. For, God had revealed to him my arrival ; and, when we had sailed to that dehghtful Island, the monks came like a swarm of bees from their different cells, to greet us in procession. Their dwellings were apart, but their intercourse was universally founded on Faith, Hope and Charity. One church and one refectory served them, for God's work. No richer food was given to them, than apples, nuts, roots and other herbs. Then, after Complins, the monks retired to their several cells, where they passed the night, until earlycock-crowinginthemorning,oruntilthebellsounded. Whilemyself and my dear son Mernoc were travelling over that Island, he brought me to the sea-shore, facing the west, where a small vessel lay. He then said to me 'Father, let us go on board this ship, and sail away from the eastern point for that Island, which is called the Land of Promise of the Saints, and which God has in reserve for our successors of a later time. ' We went on board, accordingly, but no sooner had we set sail, than a thick fog enveloped us on every side, so that we could scarcely see the prow or poop of our vessel. However, an hour having passed over, a glorious light surrounded us, and land soon appeared. We disembarked, and began to explore the country, but we found it a region without bounds. It was great," said Barind, " full of grass and fruit ; for a fortnight we journeyed there ; every plant hung with flowers, every tree with fruit ; the very stones were precious. On the fifteenth day, we came to a river, flowing from east to west. ^9 We knew not what to do, we wished to reach the opposite shore, and yet we waited the will of heaven. Suddenly, a being in human form, but all radiant, appeared before us. Salu- ting us by name, he said : ' Courage, worthy brethren. The Lord has revealed for you the land that He is about to give to His saints. The river that you see divides it in twain, but you cannot touch the farther shore ; return now whenceyecame. ' Whenheended,weaskedhisname,andwhencehewas.
' Why ask who I am, and whence I come, and not question me as to this island? Such as you see it now has it remained, since the beginning of the world. Do you feel any want of eating, drinking, or clothing ? You have been a year in this country without feeling corporeal want.
Sleep has not oppressed you; night has not covered you with its shadows. Here an eter- nal day shines, darkness is unknown, and Christ is our light. '3° On hearing these words, we were affected even to tears, and after a short rest, we con- tinued our journey homewards, while that man accompanied us, until we came to the shore, where our bark lay. Then,goiiig on board, that man was removed from our sight, and we came back to the aforesaid region of dark- ness, and to the Island of Delights. Those monks greatly rejoiced, on again beholding the adventurers arrive, for long they had lamented their absence. The brethren thereupon cried out : ' Why, O fathers, liave you left your sheep straying in this wood without a pastor ? We have often known our Abbot to leave us, for some unknown place, and there to remain for a week or two, or at most a month,' When I heard them lament, in this manner," addedBarind,"Iendeavouredtoconsolethem,bysaying:' Donot,brethren, think about anything, except for good. Doubtless, your mode of living is
=9 Other accounts reverse this course, for et en Poesie Romanes," publiees par A. in one narrative, we read, " invenimus Jubinal.
fluvium vergentem ad orientalem plagam aboccasu,"&c.
^i
The old English Prose Life has it : "We have been in the Londe of Byheest, to-fore the gates of Paradyse, where as is
3° See " S. Brandaine's Legende Latine,
avec une Traduction, inedite en Prose ever daye, and never night. "
:
May i6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
412 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [May i6.
before the gate of Paradise. Here and very near you is that wonderful Island, which is called the Land of Promise of the Saints, where there is no night, but perpetual day,^' and Abbot Mernoc goes to it, for the Angels of God guard it. Know you not, from the very scent of our garments, tliat we have been in the Lord's Paradise ? ' Immediately, the monks cried out * Father, we know
:
that you have been in God's Paradise, for frequently has it been proved to
us, from the odour of our Abbot's garments, which for nearly forty days has
gratified our sense of smelling. ' Then Barind added, as he spoke to them :
'There I remained two weeks, with my dear little son, and without taking
foodordrink yet,ourbodilyhealthwassotrulypreserved,thatbyothers, ;
we were supposed to have been well nourished. ' Having continued there for forty days, and having received the benediction of Abbot Mernoc and of his monks, I proceeded with my companions to my little cell, to which I am now about to return on to-morrow. "
Hearing the foregoing account from the mouth of Barind, Brendan and all his monks prostrated themselves on the ground, offering praise to God, and saying: " The Lord is just, in all his ways, and holy, in all his works, who hath revealed to his own elect so many and such great miracles, and he is to receive blessings for his gifts, who hath this day refreshed us with spiritual food. " Having thus spoken, Brendan added : " Let us now go for bodily refreshment, and observe the new commandment. "^^ That holy monk's wonderful recital powerfully urged St. Brendan to take his voyage from Ireland, in quest of the Promised Land. The ])ious Barind related, also, that when he had sailed to the distant Island, full of joy and mirlh, and called Paradise, the half-year he was there slipped by, seemingly in a few moments. 33 In Brendan's monastery, Barintus spent that night,34 and having received there a blessing from the monks, the holy visitor returned to his own cell. 35
The storied traditions of Ireland must have awakened Brendan's ima- gination. 3^ Believing that land lay afar off, beyond the traces of the setting sun, and anticipating to find there unregenerated souls, he re- solving upon seeking and bearing to them the evangel of peace, with the love of a true Christian, and with the fervour of Apostolic zeal. 3'/ He had long made it his prayer, that he might behold with his bodily eyes that Paradise, whence Adam had beeu expelled. 3^ As in persons of a lively temperament, and especially of good disposition, to achieve still more for God's glory, his
3' By this is meant, washing the feet of a nevvly-arrived guest, before his meal, as was a universal custom, in the early Irish monas- tcrics.
^s jj^ ^ speech, at Rochdale Reform Asso- ciation, delivered December iSth, 1879, the realistic John Bright, alluding to a book published by the Hon. Charles Sumner,
33 Sec Rev. . S. Baring-Gould's " Curious Senator for the State of Massachusetts, and
Myths of the Middle Ages," P'irst Scries. The Tcrrestial Paradise, pp. 256, 257. Strangely, it is there said, the monk "sailed due east Irom Ireland. "
3^ In the " Navigatio Sancti Brendani," it is stated, that Barinthus, having jiassed the night at St. Brendan's Monastciy, "re- turned to his own little cell, or church. " The Rev. Mr. O'Donoghue would infer, that this cell was WiA far di. -. taiil from Aid-
35 Sec Most Rev. Patrick F. Moran's " Acta Sancti Brendani," Navigatio Sancti Brendani, cap. i. , pp. 85 to 89.
iniituled " Prophetic Voices," states, "even when America was unknown, imagination — the imagination of genius and of poetry pictured the discovery of a country, the grnndeur and vastness of which, perhaps, at that lime scarcely anybody couUl dream of. "
37 See Miss Mary Frances Cusack's " History of the King<lom of Kerry," chap, iii. . p. 47.
"^ . See Blackwood's " Edinburgh Maga- zinc," vol. xx. xix. . No. ccxlviii. , June. 1836. The Anglo-Norman Trouvcres, p. 808.
'9 This is the number mentioned, in the Book of Litanies, ascribed to St. /Fngus the Culdee.
and, therefore, it may may have been
fcrt ;
the site or vicinity of ihe old church, at Barrow, on the sea-shore.
—
May i6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
4t3
dreams of the Promised Land soon ripened into a bold and resolute purpose. Choosing fourteen or sixty ^9 as other accounts state of his disciples, among whom was the young Macutus—one well loved of God and an elect of Heaven from his infancy 4°—the holy Abbot confided to them his project, for going in search of the Land of Promise to tlie Saints. Taking them apart into their oratory, tlie venerable Abbot addressed them, in these words: "My dearly beloved comrades, from you I seek counsel and aid ; for, my heart and thoughts are wound into an irrepressible and earnest desire, if it be the will of God, to seek the Land of Promise of the Saints, which Father Barintus spoke about. What is your opinion or what counsel do you give me? " Having a devoted reverence for their holy superior's will, they all cry out, as if with one accord : " Father, thy resolution is also ours. Have we not left our parents ? Have we not disregarded our inheritance ? Have we not delivered our very bodies to your care ? So we are ready to go with you to death or to life. Only one thing remains, that we conform to God's will. " Wherefore, to learn this, St. Brendan and those who were with him, resolved to fost for forty
days, only breaking this period every third day to take food. After that time had elapsed, Brendan assembled his monks, and he left them in care of a
^^//^/r^^^'<^,j^
"V/]'! -,/.
St. Brendan's Cloghan, North Blasket Island, County Kerry.
superior,whowasafterwardshissuccessoroverthatmonastery. Asthead- venture was one of great daring, and as the responsibility of undertaking it. should be referred to himself alone, so he desired to prepare for it, by seek- ing the requisite information. Accordingly, St. Brandon sailed over to the Islands of Aran,*' making inquiries as he went along the bays and islands, along the western and southern shores of Ireland. In Aran, he held com-
*° The author of the Navigatio Sancti
Brendani remarks, also, that he spent his
life in God's praises. Then reference is
made to the story of his first and latest
miracles, which the reader might find, in the Aren. See *' Topographia Hibernica," venerable Acts of that saint, which existed, Dist. ii. , cap. vi. "Opera, "edited by James
it seems, before the Legend of St. Brendan's voyage had been written.
^^ According to Giraldus Cambrensis, he is said to have consecrated the Island of
414
work, at the 2lst of March, Art. i.
^3 The accompanymg illustration, from a sketch by George Du Noyer, was drawn on the wood, by William F. \Vakeman ; it was
cngraved, by Mrs. Millard.
^ We can have little doubt, but this was
the former name, for the present Brandon Mountain,
*s Such a description well answers for the larger craft built in Ireland for distant voyages on sea.
** Of these monks, it is related that they
" Lift the mast and spread the sail, And full of faith before the gale They bound ; the cast winds softly
blow
As westward on their course they go, And soon around nought meets their
eye
But outspread sea and outstretched
sky. "
Norman Trouveres, p. 808.
*• Now a town of considerable impor-
tance, opening from Dingle Bay.
^^ When our saint hoisted sail, the atmos-
pheric surroundings of Brandon Mountain must have been in a favouring condition, ac- cording to the imaginings of l)enis Florence MacCarthy ; and, as brightly it arose on "the poet's warm thought," he thus de- scribes it :
" Sweetly the morn lay on tarn and hill.
Gladly the waves played in its golden light.
And the proud top of the majestic hill
Shone in the azure air—serene and bright. "
—
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [May i6.
munication with, and got valuable information from, the venerable Abbot Enda,42 ^yj^}^ whom he remained, for three days and tliree nights. After making diligent inquiries, St. Brandon returned to Kerry, having received the blessingofSt. Endaandofhismonks. Then,Brendansetoutforthemost distant part of his native district, in whicli his parents lived ; but, he did not wish to visit them—probably because he felt, tliey might be unwilling to hear of his meditated enterprise. Whether he retired to the remote Blasket Islands, then or atsonie other juncture, seems now to be unknown ; but, the probabi- lity is, he lived there for a time, in that Cloghan,t3 which yet bears his name, and which even, at present, is in tolerably good preservation. The holy Abbot Brendan, meditating on his project, went up to the summit of a moun- tain, which extended into the ocean, and which was afterwards known by the Latinized name Brendani Sedes. '*'* There, he had pitched a tent, where he foundaninletandoutletforoneship. Then,havingprocuredironimplements, themonkscommencedbuildingavessel,destinedfortheirpurpose. Itwas very light, but solid, with a deck supported by posts ; they covered it with well-tanned ox hides, and carefully pitched the seams. -is Two similar cover- ings were kept in reserve. The provisions and utensils, necessary to pro- vide for human want, were put on board of their bark. Having supervised all these arrangements, the holy Abbot gave his final orders for departure. Having selected the monks and regulated the number destined for his voyage, they took provisions to last for several days. Finally, they erected and solidly planted their masts, and made sound the sail and rest of their rigging. In the name of God, at last, their vessel is launched out into the deep, where a wide waste of waters extended before them, towards the west. 4^
It is probable, St. Brendan took his departure for the Land of Promise from near that majestic headland and from that bay bearing his name. Both lie about seven miles northwards from Dingle. -*? There is no mountain through- out Limerick County supposed to approach in height St. Brendan's Hill in KeiTy,-*^ or which commands such an extensive view of the Shannon, or of its entrance to the ocean. Hence, it is thought to have been con- founded with that Knock Patrick, which is mentioned in the writings of an ancient writer called Necham. t9 About the year 545, or, as some say, earlier, St. Brandon set out on his wonderful transatlantic voyage
F. Dimock, M. A. , vol. v. , p. 83. —lilackwood's "Edinburgh Magazine," *^ See his Life, in the Third Volume of this vol. xxxix. , No. ccxlvii. The Anglo-
— The Voyage, stanza i.
" Voyage of St. Brendan," Part iii.
—:—
May 1 6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
of discovery. s° The holy Abbot had ordered his brethren, in the name of the Fatlier, Son, and Holy Ghost, to embark. As he remained alone on the bank, and blessed the spot of their departure, three brothers came from the monastery, and fell at his feet, saying : " Father, permit us to follow thee whither thou goest, or else we are resolved to die here of hunger and thirst. " Seeing them thus pressing and offering violence, the saint bade them enter, saying: "Brethren, your will be done;" and he added: "This one has adopted a happy resolution, for God has prepared a place suitable for his soul ; but. He has reserved a terrible judgment for the other two. s' St. Brendan is stated, to have been accompanied on his voyage to seek the Pro- mised Land, by St. Malo,5^ who had been baptized by him, who had been his disciple at Llancarvan,53 and who left Aleth, in France, for that purpose. S4 This holy disciple of our saint dwelt, also, in the Island of Jersey. ss The foregoing account seems to defer the celebrated voyage ofBrendan for the Promised Land, to a later period than is generally introduced, in the order of his Acts, and to after he had sojourned, in Greater and Lesser Britain. When St. Brendan and his mates had embarked, they unfurled the sail and began their voyage, steering towards the summer solstice. The wind was fovourable, and they had merely to hold the sail. After a fortnight, the wind fell, and they took their i)addles, till their strength was spent. Brendan encouraged them, saying : " Fear not, for God watches over us, and He guides our bark ; ship the oars and rest the helm ; trim the sails and let her float ; God will do what He will with His servants and with His bark. "5^ Thus, trusting to the direction of Pro-
vidence, they cared not from what quarter the wind blew, and they were even ignorant of the course which their vessel held. 57.
As when the mariners of Columbus,s^ bound on a like voyage of discovery, many centuries subsequent, gave way to anxiety, hope and fear, under favouring winds, transient clouds and showers ;S9 so the dis- ciples of their resolute master, Brendan, must have felt nervous and uneasy,
« Most geographers who write of Ireland, from Cambden's time to the present, men- tion Knock Patrick, in the county of Lime- rick, to be the highest mountain in Ireland, but from no other authority than the follow- ing verses of old Necham, cited by Camb- den :
" P'luminibus magnis Isetatur Hibernia Sineus,
Inter Connatiam Momoniamque fluit
Transit per muros Limerici Knock Patrick ilium,
Oceani clausum sub ditione vidit. "
See Smith's " Natural and Civil History of Kerry," chap, vii. , and n, (u), p. 194.
5° See the Rev. Dr. Lanigan's " Ecclesi- astical History of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap. X. , sect, vii. , and n. 103, pp. 29, 34.
5' In the Prose Life of St. Brandon, edited by Thomas Wright for the Percy Society, we read, that when twelve monks entered " into the shyppe, there came other two of his monkes, and prayed hym that they myght sayle with hym. "—Vol. xiv,, pp. 37» 38.
S' See his Life, at the 15th of Novem- ber.
53 See Archbishop Ussher's " Britan-
nicarum Ecclesiarum Antiquitates," cap. xiv. , p. 277.
54 An account of this voyage, in blank verse, will be found in Rev. John Adam's " St. Malo's Quest and other Poems.
In the early Irish schools, it is probable, their philosophic masters taught or speculated on tlie doctrine of the world being a globe,'^ and for such an opinion, they miyht quote from the great St. Augustine himself. '^ This Fathfef speaks of four parts of the world,''' in his day; but, it may be questioned, if he alludes to so many continents, and not rather to the cardinal points, east, west, north, and south. Of the earth's actual extent and shape, little then appearstohavebeenknown,withanygreatapproachtoaccuracy yet,some
;
vague and dreamy conception of remote territories existed, in Ireland, but mythic inventions were superadded to any real evidence, that had been obtained, regarding those unexplored lands. The old pagan philosophers seem to have held an opinion, about the sphericity of the earth ; and Plato first applied the term Antipodes to those men, supposed to have been living, at the extreme diameter. However, Lactantius ridicules this notion, in a re- markable passage of his writings. '^ During the early ages of Christianity, the people of the Eastern Hemisphere had no knowledge concerning the races, even then existing in the Western Hemispliere. The aboriginal inhabitants of North America probably belonged to different nations of the old world. '^ It is generally thought, that the great majority of the early colonists crossed
colonies from Iberia and from Ireland had '* He says, " quatuov tempora, et quatuor settled in Atlantis, before it had dis- partes orbis terrse. "—Sermones 197. Da
appeared.
^ lie reigned from a. d. i6ioto 1643. See
an account of his reign, in L—P. Anquetil's " Histoire de France," Blanche des Valois, pp. 450 to 507.
Temporibus.
'^ lie say s: " Quid illi qui esse contraries
vestigiis nostris Antipodes puiantriuni aliquid loquuntur? Aut est quisquam tam ineptus qui credat esse homines quorum vestigia sunt superiora quam capita, aut ibi quae apud
* These facts are stated, by \V. Frazer,
M. D. , in a paper read before the Royal nos jacent universa penderc? frugcs et Dublin Society, January 20th, 1879. Dr. arbores deorsum versus crescere ? pluvias et
. Frnzer believes, that there was actually a small island, at one period, corresponding with the marking on Tassiu's map of Hy Urazil. 'Se. Q Freemati's Journal of January 2ist, 1879.
"• Poetic allusion is made to it, by the author of " The Monks of Kilcrea and other Ballads and Poems," by * * * . See Gleeman's Tale, Canto ii. , sect, xvii. , xviii. , xix. , XX. ])p. 78 to 85.
,
"See Mr. and Mrs. Hall's "Ireland:
nives et grandincs sursum versus c. idere in- terram, ct miratur aliquis hortos pensilesiu- ter septem mira narrare cum )ihilos()pl)i et
? ''
agios, ct maria. ct monies pcnsilcs faciunt —Lactantius, " Dc Falsa Sapientia rhiloso- phorum'" cnp. 24.
"^ The fullest information regarding the various aboriginal Tribes of North America will be found in a magnificent work, pub- lished by authority of the United States Government, and intituled: "Historical
its Scenery, Character, &c. ,'' vol. iii. , p. and . Statistical Information, respecting the
439.
'"^ At Ic. Tst, this science was taught, in the
eighth century, when St. Virgilius, Bishop of Snlzburgh flourished.
History, Condition and l'ro. specls of the
Indian Tribes of the United Stales, &c. by ,
Henry K. . Schoolcraft. LI. . D. , illustrated by
S. Fast man, Cajit. , U. S. A. Six large 410 '' . See '• Dc Civitatc Dei," lib xvi. , vuls. , with coloured plates, Philadelphia,
cap. ix. 1S51 to 1857.
May 1 6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 409
over from Eastern Asia through Bhering's Straits, at a very remote era. '7 They musthavearrived,atdifferentperiods; but,hitherto,theresearchesofhistorians and ethnologists have thrown very little light, on their origin and descent. '^ OtheraccountsbringthosesettlersfromEasternEuropeorWesternAsia. Itis stated, that one Eluli flourished in Tyre, about that time, when Romulus had finished his building of Rome, B. C. 753. '^ It is asserted, tliat Eluli was forced by King Sennacherib to quit the country, and that he sailed with an expedi- tion due west, through the Straits of Gibraltar, and that never was he heard of afterwards. Some have imagined, tliat he drifted onwards to the American Continent, that he landed there, and that he was one of the first colonizers
from abroad. We may well relegate to the department of romance, the ad- ventures of voyagers, who passed beyond the seas to a golden mountain, on which a city built of gold had been erected. -" This was inhabited by Angels, while Enoch and Elias served God there, in a church, fashioned with gold. Those travellers believed, they had only spent three years, in this holy city; but, when they returned to their own country, it was discovered, that three centuries and seven generations had passed away, since the adventurers left.
In the age of our saint, there lived a holy man, named Barind,^' Barintus, or Barrindus,^^ who, with some other religious Irishmen, had wandered far over the Atlantic Ocean, and had returned to Ireland, early in the si. xth century, with an account of a distant and beautiful land, tliat had been discovered. TheLegendofSt. Ikendan'sVoyagemakeshimagrandsonofKingNeil, and a near relation to St. Brendan ]iimself. ''3 In the townland Anglicized Barrow,^4 parish of Ardfert, there are the ruins of a very old church, known as Teampul Bariiin. The name of Barrow is Bariiin, in Irish, which is iden- tical with that of Baruintl, Latinized Barinthus. It is possible, this holy man may have given name to that locality, where some church vestiges rise on the mainland shore, and nenr to the Island of Fenit. The walls are now almost level with the ground, except portions of the east and west gables, which re- main about three feet high, with small portions of side-walls adjoining the gables. ^5 The church was built of the rough limestone found in that locality;
'7 However, without presuming to deter- -° From aTract preserved in St. Matthieu's mine tliis question of origin, Hubert Howe Church, " ultra Britanniam in finibus terra;,"
Bancroft, in his very learned work, " The
Native Races of the Pacific States of North
America," states regarding them: "They
are tracked with equal certainty from Scan-
tiinavia, from Ireland, from Iceland, from
Greenland, across Bering Strait, across the
northern Pacific, the southern Pacific, from
tlie Polynesian Islands, from Australia, from
Africa. Venturesome Carthagians were Thomas Wright, for the Percy Society, thrown upon the eastern shore ; Japanese
junks on the western. " —Vol. i. , Wild Tribes, chap, i. . Ethnological Introduction, p. 17, London, 1875, ^vo.
'^ A very fine descriptive work, with 400 beautiful engravings, after original sketches by the author, is George Catlin's "Letters and notes on the Manners, Customs, and Condition of the North American Indians," in two 8vo volumes. London, Third Edi- tion, 1842.
'5 Varro has placed this event in the sixth Olympiad, about 3301 years from the Crea- lion of the World, according to the compu- tatioh of the Rev. Fathers Catrou and J^ouille, in their Roman History, vol. i. , Book i. , p. 23.
vol. xiv. , pp, I, 35.
^- See a further account of him, in Colgan's
we have such an account ; as also, in God- frid de Viterbe's " Great Chronicle," Part the Second.
"^^ The old English Metrical Life of St. Brandan, calls him "Barint, another abbot," while the Prose Life styles him "a holy abbot that hyght Beryne. "—"St. Brandan A Mediceval Legend of the Sea," edited by
:
" Acta Sanctorum Hibernioe," Martii x. xii. De Egressione Familise S. Brendani, pp. 721 to 725.
^3 ggg Miss Mary Frances Cusack's " History of the Kingdom of Kerry," chap, iii. , p. 47.
-• In the barony of Trughanacmy. It is shown, on the "Ordnance Survey Town- land Mnps for the County of Kerry," sheets 20, 28.
^^ The accompanying engraving, by Mrs. Millard, of Barrow old church, is from a ])hotograph, taken by Mr. Daly of Tralee, and kindly procured for the writer, by Rev. Denis O'Donoghue, P. P. The drawing on
4IO LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[May 1 6.
it is very little hammered, except the door jambs, of which one dressed stone remains, /// situ. There are no vestiges of any windows—but some red sand- stones are scattered about, which are well chiselled, and these may have be- longed to the windows. The church was about 50 feet long, and 26 feet broad exteriorly ; the walls were 3 feet in thickness, and they were built with lime mortar. There are traces of an ancient burial-ground convenient to the ruins. However, it does not appear to have been used for many generations past. About this time, St. Brendan was distinguished for his great virtues and wonderful abstemiousness. While engaged in religious services, at a place, called in Latin Saltus Virtutum^ or Saliiis Virtiitum Bre/idani^ it chanced, that Father Barintus ^^ came to him one evening.
the Lwood was executed, by William F. Wakcman.
*7 According to Colgan, he is called like- wise. ThernocusandMothcrnocus. Hepro- mised to treat more fully al)i>iit him, at the
Ruins of Kilbarrind, County of Kerry.
rogated him, in various ways; but, Barindus only answered in tears, prostra- ting himself upon the earth, and continuing to pray for a long time. Aware of wliat different wonders his guest miglit be able to relate, regarding what he had seen on the ocean ; Brendan raised him from the eartli, and embraced him, asking why his presence should cause sorrow, and not joy, to all the brethren, since his arrival was expected rather for their consolation, (^n being earnestly requested, in the name of God, to begin his narrative, Barintus thus commtnced : " My dear son, Mernoc,^^ procurator for the poor of Christ, and, wishing to lead a solitary life, fled from me. He found an island, which was most delightful, near a mountain of stone. ''^ After a long time
'* Ho is called a "cognitus," or relation
of St. Brendan ; but, as Father John 2nd of July, at the iSth of August, and Coljjan obsci vcs, this relationship was on the at the 3rd of October. See ibiJ. , n. 3, mother's side. . See "Acta Sanctorum P- 725-
Ilibcrnice. " Martii xxii. De Egrcssionc Familix . S. Brcndani, cap. i. , p. 721, and n. 2, pp. 724. 725.
-" The text is "juxta montem lapidis," and here there are various readings, in dilTcrcnt Manuscripts.
Our saint inter-
411
had elapsed, I learned that he had many monks there with him, and that God hadmanifestedwonderfulmiracles,inhisregard. Wherefore,Iwent10visit my dear son, and when I had made a three days' journey, he met me, with . his brethren. For, God had revealed to him my arrival ; and, when we had sailed to that dehghtful Island, the monks came like a swarm of bees from their different cells, to greet us in procession. Their dwellings were apart, but their intercourse was universally founded on Faith, Hope and Charity. One church and one refectory served them, for God's work. No richer food was given to them, than apples, nuts, roots and other herbs. Then, after Complins, the monks retired to their several cells, where they passed the night, until earlycock-crowinginthemorning,oruntilthebellsounded. Whilemyself and my dear son Mernoc were travelling over that Island, he brought me to the sea-shore, facing the west, where a small vessel lay. He then said to me 'Father, let us go on board this ship, and sail away from the eastern point for that Island, which is called the Land of Promise of the Saints, and which God has in reserve for our successors of a later time. ' We went on board, accordingly, but no sooner had we set sail, than a thick fog enveloped us on every side, so that we could scarcely see the prow or poop of our vessel. However, an hour having passed over, a glorious light surrounded us, and land soon appeared. We disembarked, and began to explore the country, but we found it a region without bounds. It was great," said Barind, " full of grass and fruit ; for a fortnight we journeyed there ; every plant hung with flowers, every tree with fruit ; the very stones were precious. On the fifteenth day, we came to a river, flowing from east to west. ^9 We knew not what to do, we wished to reach the opposite shore, and yet we waited the will of heaven. Suddenly, a being in human form, but all radiant, appeared before us. Salu- ting us by name, he said : ' Courage, worthy brethren. The Lord has revealed for you the land that He is about to give to His saints. The river that you see divides it in twain, but you cannot touch the farther shore ; return now whenceyecame. ' Whenheended,weaskedhisname,andwhencehewas.
' Why ask who I am, and whence I come, and not question me as to this island? Such as you see it now has it remained, since the beginning of the world. Do you feel any want of eating, drinking, or clothing ? You have been a year in this country without feeling corporeal want.
Sleep has not oppressed you; night has not covered you with its shadows. Here an eter- nal day shines, darkness is unknown, and Christ is our light. '3° On hearing these words, we were affected even to tears, and after a short rest, we con- tinued our journey homewards, while that man accompanied us, until we came to the shore, where our bark lay. Then,goiiig on board, that man was removed from our sight, and we came back to the aforesaid region of dark- ness, and to the Island of Delights. Those monks greatly rejoiced, on again beholding the adventurers arrive, for long they had lamented their absence. The brethren thereupon cried out : ' Why, O fathers, liave you left your sheep straying in this wood without a pastor ? We have often known our Abbot to leave us, for some unknown place, and there to remain for a week or two, or at most a month,' When I heard them lament, in this manner," addedBarind,"Iendeavouredtoconsolethem,bysaying:' Donot,brethren, think about anything, except for good. Doubtless, your mode of living is
=9 Other accounts reverse this course, for et en Poesie Romanes," publiees par A. in one narrative, we read, " invenimus Jubinal.
fluvium vergentem ad orientalem plagam aboccasu,"&c.
^i
The old English Prose Life has it : "We have been in the Londe of Byheest, to-fore the gates of Paradyse, where as is
3° See " S. Brandaine's Legende Latine,
avec une Traduction, inedite en Prose ever daye, and never night. "
:
May i6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
412 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [May i6.
before the gate of Paradise. Here and very near you is that wonderful Island, which is called the Land of Promise of the Saints, where there is no night, but perpetual day,^' and Abbot Mernoc goes to it, for the Angels of God guard it. Know you not, from the very scent of our garments, tliat we have been in the Lord's Paradise ? ' Immediately, the monks cried out * Father, we know
:
that you have been in God's Paradise, for frequently has it been proved to
us, from the odour of our Abbot's garments, which for nearly forty days has
gratified our sense of smelling. ' Then Barind added, as he spoke to them :
'There I remained two weeks, with my dear little son, and without taking
foodordrink yet,ourbodilyhealthwassotrulypreserved,thatbyothers, ;
we were supposed to have been well nourished. ' Having continued there for forty days, and having received the benediction of Abbot Mernoc and of his monks, I proceeded with my companions to my little cell, to which I am now about to return on to-morrow. "
Hearing the foregoing account from the mouth of Barind, Brendan and all his monks prostrated themselves on the ground, offering praise to God, and saying: " The Lord is just, in all his ways, and holy, in all his works, who hath revealed to his own elect so many and such great miracles, and he is to receive blessings for his gifts, who hath this day refreshed us with spiritual food. " Having thus spoken, Brendan added : " Let us now go for bodily refreshment, and observe the new commandment. "^^ That holy monk's wonderful recital powerfully urged St. Brendan to take his voyage from Ireland, in quest of the Promised Land. The ])ious Barind related, also, that when he had sailed to the distant Island, full of joy and mirlh, and called Paradise, the half-year he was there slipped by, seemingly in a few moments. 33 In Brendan's monastery, Barintus spent that night,34 and having received there a blessing from the monks, the holy visitor returned to his own cell. 35
The storied traditions of Ireland must have awakened Brendan's ima- gination. 3^ Believing that land lay afar off, beyond the traces of the setting sun, and anticipating to find there unregenerated souls, he re- solving upon seeking and bearing to them the evangel of peace, with the love of a true Christian, and with the fervour of Apostolic zeal. 3'/ He had long made it his prayer, that he might behold with his bodily eyes that Paradise, whence Adam had beeu expelled. 3^ As in persons of a lively temperament, and especially of good disposition, to achieve still more for God's glory, his
3' By this is meant, washing the feet of a nevvly-arrived guest, before his meal, as was a universal custom, in the early Irish monas- tcrics.
^s jj^ ^ speech, at Rochdale Reform Asso- ciation, delivered December iSth, 1879, the realistic John Bright, alluding to a book published by the Hon. Charles Sumner,
33 Sec Rev. . S. Baring-Gould's " Curious Senator for the State of Massachusetts, and
Myths of the Middle Ages," P'irst Scries. The Tcrrestial Paradise, pp. 256, 257. Strangely, it is there said, the monk "sailed due east Irom Ireland. "
3^ In the " Navigatio Sancti Brendani," it is stated, that Barinthus, having jiassed the night at St. Brendan's Monastciy, "re- turned to his own little cell, or church. " The Rev. Mr. O'Donoghue would infer, that this cell was WiA far di. -. taiil from Aid-
35 Sec Most Rev. Patrick F. Moran's " Acta Sancti Brendani," Navigatio Sancti Brendani, cap. i. , pp. 85 to 89.
iniituled " Prophetic Voices," states, "even when America was unknown, imagination — the imagination of genius and of poetry pictured the discovery of a country, the grnndeur and vastness of which, perhaps, at that lime scarcely anybody couUl dream of. "
37 See Miss Mary Frances Cusack's " History of the King<lom of Kerry," chap, iii. . p. 47.
"^ . See Blackwood's " Edinburgh Maga- zinc," vol. xx. xix. . No. ccxlviii. , June. 1836. The Anglo-Norman Trouvcres, p. 808.
'9 This is the number mentioned, in the Book of Litanies, ascribed to St. /Fngus the Culdee.
and, therefore, it may may have been
fcrt ;
the site or vicinity of ihe old church, at Barrow, on the sea-shore.
—
May i6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
4t3
dreams of the Promised Land soon ripened into a bold and resolute purpose. Choosing fourteen or sixty ^9 as other accounts state of his disciples, among whom was the young Macutus—one well loved of God and an elect of Heaven from his infancy 4°—the holy Abbot confided to them his project, for going in search of the Land of Promise to tlie Saints. Taking them apart into their oratory, tlie venerable Abbot addressed them, in these words: "My dearly beloved comrades, from you I seek counsel and aid ; for, my heart and thoughts are wound into an irrepressible and earnest desire, if it be the will of God, to seek the Land of Promise of the Saints, which Father Barintus spoke about. What is your opinion or what counsel do you give me? " Having a devoted reverence for their holy superior's will, they all cry out, as if with one accord : " Father, thy resolution is also ours. Have we not left our parents ? Have we not disregarded our inheritance ? Have we not delivered our very bodies to your care ? So we are ready to go with you to death or to life. Only one thing remains, that we conform to God's will. " Wherefore, to learn this, St. Brendan and those who were with him, resolved to fost for forty
days, only breaking this period every third day to take food. After that time had elapsed, Brendan assembled his monks, and he left them in care of a
^^//^/r^^^'<^,j^
"V/]'! -,/.
St. Brendan's Cloghan, North Blasket Island, County Kerry.
superior,whowasafterwardshissuccessoroverthatmonastery. Asthead- venture was one of great daring, and as the responsibility of undertaking it. should be referred to himself alone, so he desired to prepare for it, by seek- ing the requisite information. Accordingly, St. Brandon sailed over to the Islands of Aran,*' making inquiries as he went along the bays and islands, along the western and southern shores of Ireland. In Aran, he held com-
*° The author of the Navigatio Sancti
Brendani remarks, also, that he spent his
life in God's praises. Then reference is
made to the story of his first and latest
miracles, which the reader might find, in the Aren. See *' Topographia Hibernica," venerable Acts of that saint, which existed, Dist. ii. , cap. vi. "Opera, "edited by James
it seems, before the Legend of St. Brendan's voyage had been written.
^^ According to Giraldus Cambrensis, he is said to have consecrated the Island of
414
work, at the 2lst of March, Art. i.
^3 The accompanymg illustration, from a sketch by George Du Noyer, was drawn on the wood, by William F. \Vakeman ; it was
cngraved, by Mrs. Millard.
^ We can have little doubt, but this was
the former name, for the present Brandon Mountain,
*s Such a description well answers for the larger craft built in Ireland for distant voyages on sea.
** Of these monks, it is related that they
" Lift the mast and spread the sail, And full of faith before the gale They bound ; the cast winds softly
blow
As westward on their course they go, And soon around nought meets their
eye
But outspread sea and outstretched
sky. "
Norman Trouveres, p. 808.
*• Now a town of considerable impor-
tance, opening from Dingle Bay.
^^ When our saint hoisted sail, the atmos-
pheric surroundings of Brandon Mountain must have been in a favouring condition, ac- cording to the imaginings of l)enis Florence MacCarthy ; and, as brightly it arose on "the poet's warm thought," he thus de- scribes it :
" Sweetly the morn lay on tarn and hill.
Gladly the waves played in its golden light.
And the proud top of the majestic hill
Shone in the azure air—serene and bright. "
—
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [May i6.
munication with, and got valuable information from, the venerable Abbot Enda,42 ^yj^}^ whom he remained, for three days and tliree nights. After making diligent inquiries, St. Brandon returned to Kerry, having received the blessingofSt. Endaandofhismonks. Then,Brendansetoutforthemost distant part of his native district, in whicli his parents lived ; but, he did not wish to visit them—probably because he felt, tliey might be unwilling to hear of his meditated enterprise. Whether he retired to the remote Blasket Islands, then or atsonie other juncture, seems now to be unknown ; but, the probabi- lity is, he lived there for a time, in that Cloghan,t3 which yet bears his name, and which even, at present, is in tolerably good preservation. The holy Abbot Brendan, meditating on his project, went up to the summit of a moun- tain, which extended into the ocean, and which was afterwards known by the Latinized name Brendani Sedes. '*'* There, he had pitched a tent, where he foundaninletandoutletforoneship. Then,havingprocuredironimplements, themonkscommencedbuildingavessel,destinedfortheirpurpose. Itwas very light, but solid, with a deck supported by posts ; they covered it with well-tanned ox hides, and carefully pitched the seams. -is Two similar cover- ings were kept in reserve. The provisions and utensils, necessary to pro- vide for human want, were put on board of their bark. Having supervised all these arrangements, the holy Abbot gave his final orders for departure. Having selected the monks and regulated the number destined for his voyage, they took provisions to last for several days. Finally, they erected and solidly planted their masts, and made sound the sail and rest of their rigging. In the name of God, at last, their vessel is launched out into the deep, where a wide waste of waters extended before them, towards the west. 4^
It is probable, St. Brendan took his departure for the Land of Promise from near that majestic headland and from that bay bearing his name. Both lie about seven miles northwards from Dingle. -*? There is no mountain through- out Limerick County supposed to approach in height St. Brendan's Hill in KeiTy,-*^ or which commands such an extensive view of the Shannon, or of its entrance to the ocean. Hence, it is thought to have been con- founded with that Knock Patrick, which is mentioned in the writings of an ancient writer called Necham. t9 About the year 545, or, as some say, earlier, St. Brandon set out on his wonderful transatlantic voyage
F. Dimock, M. A. , vol. v. , p. 83. —lilackwood's "Edinburgh Magazine," *^ See his Life, in the Third Volume of this vol. xxxix. , No. ccxlvii. The Anglo-
— The Voyage, stanza i.
" Voyage of St. Brendan," Part iii.
—:—
May 1 6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
of discovery. s° The holy Abbot had ordered his brethren, in the name of the Fatlier, Son, and Holy Ghost, to embark. As he remained alone on the bank, and blessed the spot of their departure, three brothers came from the monastery, and fell at his feet, saying : " Father, permit us to follow thee whither thou goest, or else we are resolved to die here of hunger and thirst. " Seeing them thus pressing and offering violence, the saint bade them enter, saying: "Brethren, your will be done;" and he added: "This one has adopted a happy resolution, for God has prepared a place suitable for his soul ; but. He has reserved a terrible judgment for the other two. s' St. Brendan is stated, to have been accompanied on his voyage to seek the Pro- mised Land, by St. Malo,5^ who had been baptized by him, who had been his disciple at Llancarvan,53 and who left Aleth, in France, for that purpose. S4 This holy disciple of our saint dwelt, also, in the Island of Jersey. ss The foregoing account seems to defer the celebrated voyage ofBrendan for the Promised Land, to a later period than is generally introduced, in the order of his Acts, and to after he had sojourned, in Greater and Lesser Britain. When St. Brendan and his mates had embarked, they unfurled the sail and began their voyage, steering towards the summer solstice. The wind was fovourable, and they had merely to hold the sail. After a fortnight, the wind fell, and they took their i)addles, till their strength was spent. Brendan encouraged them, saying : " Fear not, for God watches over us, and He guides our bark ; ship the oars and rest the helm ; trim the sails and let her float ; God will do what He will with His servants and with His bark. "5^ Thus, trusting to the direction of Pro-
vidence, they cared not from what quarter the wind blew, and they were even ignorant of the course which their vessel held. 57.
As when the mariners of Columbus,s^ bound on a like voyage of discovery, many centuries subsequent, gave way to anxiety, hope and fear, under favouring winds, transient clouds and showers ;S9 so the dis- ciples of their resolute master, Brendan, must have felt nervous and uneasy,
« Most geographers who write of Ireland, from Cambden's time to the present, men- tion Knock Patrick, in the county of Lime- rick, to be the highest mountain in Ireland, but from no other authority than the follow- ing verses of old Necham, cited by Camb- den :
" P'luminibus magnis Isetatur Hibernia Sineus,
Inter Connatiam Momoniamque fluit
Transit per muros Limerici Knock Patrick ilium,
Oceani clausum sub ditione vidit. "
See Smith's " Natural and Civil History of Kerry," chap, vii. , and n, (u), p. 194.
5° See the Rev. Dr. Lanigan's " Ecclesi- astical History of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap. X. , sect, vii. , and n. 103, pp. 29, 34.
5' In the Prose Life of St. Brandon, edited by Thomas Wright for the Percy Society, we read, that when twelve monks entered " into the shyppe, there came other two of his monkes, and prayed hym that they myght sayle with hym. "—Vol. xiv,, pp. 37» 38.
S' See his Life, at the 15th of Novem- ber.
53 See Archbishop Ussher's " Britan-
nicarum Ecclesiarum Antiquitates," cap. xiv. , p. 277.
54 An account of this voyage, in blank verse, will be found in Rev. John Adam's " St. Malo's Quest and other Poems.
