Particularly,
since many other Fragments of this book have come down to us,
wholly irreconcilable with this view of the subject; some
referring to avarice, others to the Salii; which, though they
might certainly be incidentally mentioned, imply too diversified
a subject to be definitely circumscribed within so limited an
outline, as Van Heusde conjectures.
since many other Fragments of this book have come down to us,
wholly irreconcilable with this view of the subject; some
referring to avarice, others to the Salii; which, though they
might certainly be incidentally mentioned, imply too diversified
a subject to be definitely circumscribed within so limited an
outline, as Van Heusde conjectures.
Satires
" Att.
,
xvi. , 12. But its primitive meaning is conveyed by its etymology,
"Mugitu moveo. " It refers to the noise made by those who move heavy
weights, that their efforts may be exerted in concert. Coupled with Fr.
10, its meaning is obvious here.
[1712] _Ogannis_, i. e. , obgannis. It is properly applied to a dog. Cf.
Juv. , vi. , 64, "Appula gannit. " Compare the Greek λαγνεύειν.
[1713] Cf. lib. iv. , Fr. 8.
[1714] Gerlach reads "Acron" for the old _lorum_, which Scaliger
approved, and connected this Fragment with the second of the eighth
book.
BOOK VIII.
ARGUMENT.
The eighth book, as Schoenbeck supposes, consisted of an exposition
of domestic life, with a discussion as to the virtues which a
good wife ought to possess. Duentzer would rather connect it with
the last book, and imagines unlawful love to have been the theme,
and that the ancient title of the book countenanced this opinion.
The second, fourth, fifth, eleventh, and thirteenth Fragments
seem to confirm the conjecture; the drift of the others is not
apparent.
1 When the victor cock proudly rears himself, and raises his
front talons--
2 When I drink from the same cup, embrace, press lip to
lip. . . . [1715]
3 But on the river, and at the very parting of the waters, . . . a
merchantman . . . with feet of holm-oak. [1716]
4 . . . that she is slender, nimble, with clean chest, and like a
youth. . . . [1717]
5 . . . then she joins side to side, and breast to breast. [1718]
6 If he achieve the whole route, and the steep stadium at an
ambling pace--[1719]
7 To salt sea-eels, and bring the wares into the larder. [1720]
8 But all trades and petty gains. . . .
9 the Hiberian island. . . . [1721]
10 a necessary close at hand; a bake-house, store-room,
kitchen[1722]
11 . . . with friendly hand wipes off the tears. . . .
12 . . . giblets, or else liver. . . . [1723]
13 . . . the work flags. . . . [1724]
14 . . . wine-bibbers. [1725]
FOOTNOTES:
[1715] Nonius reads "fictrices," and explains "fingere" by "lingere. "
Cf. Schol. ad Aristoph. , Aves, 507.
[1716] Gerlach says, "Ex his verbis vix probabilem eruas sensum. "
The _cercurus_ was a large merchant-vessel, used by the Asiatics,
undecked, and capable of carrying a large freight. It was invented,
according to Pliny, by the Cyprians. Plin. , vii. , 56, 57. Cf. Plaut. ,
Merc. , I. , i. , 86. Stich. , II. , iii. , 34. It appears, however, from
Livy, that the name was sometimes applied to a vessel of smaller size.
Liv. , xxx. , 19. _Ilignis pedibus. _ Cf. Ter. , Adelph. , IV. , ii. , 46.
Virg. , Georg. , iii. , 330. For _concinat_, Gerlach proposes to read
"concinnat. "
[1717] _Pernix_ is the epithet Catullus applies to Atalanta: ii. , 12,
"Quam ferunt puellæ Pernici aureolum fuisse malum. "
[1718] Cf. Lib. v. , Fr. 25. Probably from this Horace takes his line,
i. , Sat. ii. , 126.
[1719] _Evadit. _ Cf. Virg. , Æn. , ii. , 731; xii. , 907. Ov. , Met. , iii. ,
19. _Acclivis_ is properly applied to a "gentle ascent. " Virg. , Georg. ,
ii. , 276. Col. , iii. , 15. _Tolutim_, à tollendo. Pliny (viii. , 42)
tells us that the people of Asturias in Spain trained their jennets
to a particular kind of easy pace: "mollis alterno crurum explicatu
glomeratio. " Varro speaks of giving a horse to a trainer, that he may
teach him this pace: "ut equiso doceat tolutim incedere. " Cf. Plaut. ,
As. , III. , iii. , 116, "Demam hercle jam hordeo tolutim ni badizas. "
Hence the "managed palfrey" of the Middle Ages. The pace probably
resembled that now taught by the Americans to their horses, and called
"racking. " Cf. lib. xiv. , 12, "equus gradarius, optimus vector. "
[1720] The _frigidarium_ was not only the "cold bath" (Bekker's Gallus,
p. 385), but was also applied to a cool cellar or pantry for keeping
provisions fresh.
[1721] All the commentators seem to give up this line in despair.
_Colustrum_ is properly the first milk that comes after parturition;
which, as being apt to curdle, was esteemed unwholesome, and produced
an attack called "Colustratio. " Schoenbeck supposes that the
inhabitants of this "Hibera insula," wherever it was, used _fomenta_
and _colustra_ as medical remedies. Mart. , xiii. , Ep. 38.
[1722] _Posticum_, Nonius makes equivalent to _Sella_. Gerlach,
however, thinks "cella" the correct reading here. The _pistrinum_ was
the name both for the bake-house and the mill for grinding the corn.
Vid. Bekker's Gallus, p. 265.
[1723] _Gigeria_ are the entrails of poultry: these were sometimes
served with a kind of stuffing or forcemeat called _insicia_. The word
occurs only in Lucilius, Petronius, and Apicius.
[1724] Scaliger connects this Fragment with lib. vii. , Fr. 22, and
reads, "Hic est Macedo: si lorum longui' flaccet, Læna manu lacrymas
mutoni absterget amicâ. "
[1725] _Bua_ was the word taught by Roman nurses to children,
equivalent to our "pap. " "Potio posita parvulorum. " Varro. Hence
_Vinibuæ_ for _vinolentæ_.
BOOK IX.
ARGUMENT.
The subject of the ninth book is known from several notices in the
old grammarians. [1726] It is said to have contained strictures
on the orthography of the ancient writers; some emendations of
the verses of Accius and Ennius (with especial reference to
the former, who is said to have always used double vowels to
express a long syllable), and a mention of the double genius,
who, according to the notion of Euclides the Socratic, attends
upon each individual of the human race. The exact connection of
this latter topic with the foregoing, is not at present evident
to us. It appears that this book had anciently the title of
"_Fornix_" as the work of Pomponius on a cognate subject was
called "_Marsyas_. " Van Heusde supposes that it took its name
from the Fabian arch on the Via Sacra, and that its subject
resembled the ninth of Horace's first book of Satires. The poet,
in his walk along the Via Sacra, meets with a troublesome fellow
near the arch of Fabius, who pesters him with a speech which he
is about to deliver, as defendant in a cause, and which he wishes
Lucilius to look over and correct; and that this furnishes the
poet with the groundwork for a discussion on several points in
grammar, orthography, and rhetoric. With this view Gerlach so far
agrees, as to suppose the subject of both Horace's and Lucilius's
Satires to have been similar; especially since many similar
phrases and sentiments occur in both; but he considers a detailed
disquisition on single letters and syllables inconsistent with
a desultory conversation, or with a cursory criticism of an
oration, and considers it better to confess one's ignorance
honestly than indulge in vain-glorious conjecture.
Particularly,
since many other Fragments of this book have come down to us,
wholly irreconcilable with this view of the subject; some
referring to avarice, others to the Salii; which, though they
might certainly be incidentally mentioned, imply too diversified
a subject to be definitely circumscribed within so limited an
outline, as Van Heusde conjectures.
1 . . . only let the nap of the woof stand erect within. . . . [1727]
2 First is A. I will begin with this; and the words spelled with
it. In the first place, A is either a long or short syllable;
consequently we will make it one, and, as we say, write it
in one and the same fashion, "Pācem, Plăcide, Jānum, Aridum,
Acetum," just as the Greeks do. Ἄρες Ἄρες. [1728]
3 . . . not very different from this, and badly put together, if
with a burr like a dog, I say AR . . . this is its name. [1729]
4 . . . and there is no reason why you should make it a question or
a difficulty whether you should write ACCURRERE with a D or a
T. [1730]
5 But it is of great consequence whether ABBITERE have a D or
B--[1731]
6 "Now come PUEREI. " Put E and I at the end, to make "pueri" the
plural; if you put I only, as PupillI, PuerI, LuceilI, this
will become the singular number. "_Hoc illi factum est unI. _"
Being singular, you will put I only. "_Hoc IllEI fecere. _" Add
E to mark the plural. Add also E to MendacEI and FurEI, when
you make it the dative case. " MEIle hominum, dub MEIlia. " Here
too we must have both vowels, MEIles, MEIlitiam. Pila, "a ball
to play with," Pilum, "a pestle to pound with," will have I
simply. But to PEIla, "javelins," you must add E, to give the
fuller sound. [1732]
7 Our S, and what after a semi-Greek fashion we call Sigma,
admits of no mistake.
8 . . . in the word PeLLiciendo. [1733]
9 For just as we see Intro (within) to be a very different word
from Intus (inside), so _apud se_ is very different from, and
has not the same force as, _ad se_. "A man invites us to come
in and join him (intro ad se). He keeps himself at home, inside
his own house (intus apud se). "
10 "The water boils," may be expressed by _Fervit_ (of the third
conjugation), or _Fervet_ (of the second conjugation). Or
again, _Fervit_ may be the _present_ tense, _Fervet_ the
_future_; both of the third conjugation.
11 So Fervĕre (with the E short, of the third conjugation).
12 You do not perceive the force of this; or how this differs from
the other. In the first place, this which we call "Poema" is
a small portion. So also an epistle, or any distich which is
of no great length, may be a "Poema. " A "Poësis" is a _whole_
work, as the whole Iliad; it is one Thesis. So also the Annals
of Ennius, that is also a single work, and of much greater
magnitude than what I just now styled Poëma. Wherefore I
assert, that no one who finds fault with Homer, finds fault
with him _all through_; nor does he criticise, as I said
before, the _whole_ Poesis; but simply a single verse, word,
proposition, or passage.
13 . . . that he is a misshapen old man, gouty in his joints and
feet--that he is lame, wretched, emaciated, and ruptured--
14 I seize his beak, and smash his lips, Zopyrus-fashion, and
knock out all his front teeth. [1734]
15 For he who makes bricks never has any thing more than common
clay with chaff, and stubble mixed with mud. [1735]
16 If she is nothing on the score of beauty, and if in former days
she was a harlot and common prostitute, you must have coin and
money.
17 . . . What if I see some oysters? Shall I be able to detect the
very river, and mud, and slime they came from? [1736]
18 He is a corn-chandler, and brings with him his bushel-measure
and his leveling-stick. [1737]
19 Study to learn: lest the fact itself and the reasoning confute
you--
20 with one thousand sesterces you can gain a hundred---
21 he had scratched himself, like a boar with his sides rubbed
against a tree--
22 . . . hence the ancilia, and high-peaked caps, and sacrificial
bowls[1738]
23 as the priest begins the solemn dance, and then the main body
takes it up after him. [1739]
24 . . . herself cuts all the thongs from the hide--
25 . . . how he differs from him whom Apollo has rescued. So be it.
26 her motion was as though she were winnowing corn. [1740]
FOOTNOTES:
[1726] Isidorus Hispalensis, Q. Terentianus Scaurus, and Velius Longus.
[1727] _Panus_ is explained in two ways, as "tramæ involucrum," and
as "tumor inguinis. " Gerlach inclines to the latter interpretation.
Schmidt supposes Lucilius to employ the metaphor of weaving to express
the following sentiment: "as the outer surface of the woof is of little
consequence if the inner part be good, so, provided a man's internal
qualities, the virtues of his heart and head, are all that we can
desire, it matters little what the outer integument is that shrouds
this fair inside:" and that to this Horace alludes, ii. , Sat. i. , 63,
"Lucilius ausus Primus in hunc operis componere carmina morem Detrahere
et _pellem_ nitidus quâ quisque per ora Cederet _introrsum turpis_. "
(Lucilii Satyrarum quæ de lib. ix. supersunt disposita, c. L. F.
Schmidt, p. 40. ) But Gerlach thinks that _panus_ could not be used to
express _pellis_.
[1728] This, we learn from Terentianus, is a criticism on Accius, who
used to mark long syllables by _doubling_ the vowels, which Lucilius
considers a fault, there being no more necessity in Latin to mark the
quantity by the orthography than in Greek, where, though the length of
the vowel be changed, as in ἄρες ἄρες, the spelling remains unaltered.
Cf. Hom. , Il. , v. , 31. Mart. , ix. , Ep. xii. , 15.
[1729] Corpet supposes some rustic person is alluded to, who used the
old-fashioned form. Cf. Plaut. , Truc. , II. , xii. , 17. Gerlach supposes
it is the poet himself. Cf. Pers. , Sat. i. , 109, "Sonat hic de nare
caninâ litera. "
[1730] Gerlach thinks there may be an allusion to Plautus, who often
uses this word. Cf. Capt. , III. , iv. , 72. Rud. , III. , iv. , 72.
[1731] _Abbitere_ for _abbire_ is Schmidt's reading, who also reads
_siet_ for _sive_, omitting _habet_ at the end of the line.
[1732] The rule contained in this Fragment seems superfluous,
especially after the opinion Lucilius has given in the second. _I_ is
equally long or short with _A_, nor does it appear why the _genitive_
should not be as _essentially_ long as the _dative_ singular. If the
insertion of the E were simply to mark the difference of number, there
might be some apparent reason.
[1733] "This Fragment is simply an illustration of the rule that the
preposition _per_ in composition remains unchanged, unless it stand
before the letter L, when by assimilation it is changed into the
initial letter of the word: so per lacio becomes pellacio; per labor,
pellabor; per luceo, pelluceo. "
[1734] Alluding to the story of Zopyrus, told by Herodotus, lib. iii. ,
154, and by Justin, lib. iii. , 10, _seq. _, who mutilated himself to
gain Babylon for Darius. Cf. lib. xxii. , Fr. 3.
[1735] _Acerosum_, according to Nonius, is applied to coarse bread,
not sufficiently cleared from chaff and husk. Cf. lib. xv. , Fr.
18. _Aceratum_, to clay mixed with stubble and straw, fit for the
brickmaker's use, the paleatum of Columella. V. , vi. , med. Cf. Exod. ,
v. , 16.
[1736] Juvenal borrows and enlarges upon this idea, in describing the
Epicurism of Montanus. Sat. iv. , 139, "Nulli majus fait usus edendi
tempestati meâ. Circæ nata forent an Lucrinum ad saxum, Rutupinove
edita fundo. _Ostrea, callebat primo deprendere morsa_, et _semel
aspecti_ litus dicebat echini. "
[1737] _Rutellum_, the diminutive of Rutrum. "a mattock," was the stick
with which the corn-dealer struck off the heaped-up corn, so as to make
it level with the top of his measure. It was also called Hostorium,
from the old verb Hostire, "to strike. " Compare the old English
"strike," used for a measure.
[1738] _Capis_ (à capiendo, Varro, v. , 121, "quod ausatæ ut prehendi
possent") was a cup with a handle, generally made of earthenware, and
ordinarily used in sacrifices. Vid. Liv. , lib. x. , 7. So also Capedo
and Capula. Cf. Bekker's Gallus, p. 481. The _apex_ is the conical cap
worn by the Salii.
[1739] _Præsul_ was the name applied to the Princeps Saliorum, because
he led the sacred dance, as προορχηστὴρ, ἔξαρχος. Called also Præsultor
and Præsultator. _Amtruo_ (from _am_, ἀμφὶ, circum, and _trua_, "an
implement used for stirring things round while they were being cooked")
is the technical phrase for the dancing of the Salii. The Præsul
danced at the head of the procession, _amtruabat_; the rest followed,
imitating his movements; _redamtruabant_. This procession took place in
the Comitium on the Kalends of March.
[1740] Cf. vii. , Fr. 10.
BOOK X.
ARGUMENT.
The old Scholiast, in his Life of Persius, tells us that "after he
had quitted school, and the instruction of his tutors, he was
so much struck with the tenth book of the Satires of Lucilius,
that he was seized with a vehement desire of writing Satire,
and immediately applied himself to the imitation of this book,
and after first detracting from his own merits, proceeded to
disparage the poetical attempts of others. " Van Heusde supposes
that the book contained a detailed account of the life of
Lucilius; and hence the saying of the Scholiast, that "the whole
life of Lucilius was as distinctly known as if it had been
portrayed in pictures. " (So Horace says, Sat. , II. , i. , 30,
"Quo fit ut omnis Votivâ pateat veluti descripta tabella Vita
senis. ") He conjectures the difference between the subjects of
the ninth and tenth books to have been this: that in the ninth,
Lucilius criticised the ignorance and corrected the mistakes of
the Librarii; i. e. , those who _copied_ the compositions of the
poets, only incidentally, and by the way, touching on the poets
themselves. Whereas the tenth was intended directly as an attack
upon the poets who preceded him. Jahn, in his prolegomena on
Persius, imagines this imitation of the tenth book to have been
carried farther than we are perhaps justified in assuming; he
conjectures that the Hendecasyllabic Prologue of Persius was a
direct imitation of a similar proem, and in the same metre which
formed the commencement of this book. This opinion he fortifies
by two quotations, one from Petronius, Sat.
xvi. , 12. But its primitive meaning is conveyed by its etymology,
"Mugitu moveo. " It refers to the noise made by those who move heavy
weights, that their efforts may be exerted in concert. Coupled with Fr.
10, its meaning is obvious here.
[1712] _Ogannis_, i. e. , obgannis. It is properly applied to a dog. Cf.
Juv. , vi. , 64, "Appula gannit. " Compare the Greek λαγνεύειν.
[1713] Cf. lib. iv. , Fr. 8.
[1714] Gerlach reads "Acron" for the old _lorum_, which Scaliger
approved, and connected this Fragment with the second of the eighth
book.
BOOK VIII.
ARGUMENT.
The eighth book, as Schoenbeck supposes, consisted of an exposition
of domestic life, with a discussion as to the virtues which a
good wife ought to possess. Duentzer would rather connect it with
the last book, and imagines unlawful love to have been the theme,
and that the ancient title of the book countenanced this opinion.
The second, fourth, fifth, eleventh, and thirteenth Fragments
seem to confirm the conjecture; the drift of the others is not
apparent.
1 When the victor cock proudly rears himself, and raises his
front talons--
2 When I drink from the same cup, embrace, press lip to
lip. . . . [1715]
3 But on the river, and at the very parting of the waters, . . . a
merchantman . . . with feet of holm-oak. [1716]
4 . . . that she is slender, nimble, with clean chest, and like a
youth. . . . [1717]
5 . . . then she joins side to side, and breast to breast. [1718]
6 If he achieve the whole route, and the steep stadium at an
ambling pace--[1719]
7 To salt sea-eels, and bring the wares into the larder. [1720]
8 But all trades and petty gains. . . .
9 the Hiberian island. . . . [1721]
10 a necessary close at hand; a bake-house, store-room,
kitchen[1722]
11 . . . with friendly hand wipes off the tears. . . .
12 . . . giblets, or else liver. . . . [1723]
13 . . . the work flags. . . . [1724]
14 . . . wine-bibbers. [1725]
FOOTNOTES:
[1715] Nonius reads "fictrices," and explains "fingere" by "lingere. "
Cf. Schol. ad Aristoph. , Aves, 507.
[1716] Gerlach says, "Ex his verbis vix probabilem eruas sensum. "
The _cercurus_ was a large merchant-vessel, used by the Asiatics,
undecked, and capable of carrying a large freight. It was invented,
according to Pliny, by the Cyprians. Plin. , vii. , 56, 57. Cf. Plaut. ,
Merc. , I. , i. , 86. Stich. , II. , iii. , 34. It appears, however, from
Livy, that the name was sometimes applied to a vessel of smaller size.
Liv. , xxx. , 19. _Ilignis pedibus. _ Cf. Ter. , Adelph. , IV. , ii. , 46.
Virg. , Georg. , iii. , 330. For _concinat_, Gerlach proposes to read
"concinnat. "
[1717] _Pernix_ is the epithet Catullus applies to Atalanta: ii. , 12,
"Quam ferunt puellæ Pernici aureolum fuisse malum. "
[1718] Cf. Lib. v. , Fr. 25. Probably from this Horace takes his line,
i. , Sat. ii. , 126.
[1719] _Evadit. _ Cf. Virg. , Æn. , ii. , 731; xii. , 907. Ov. , Met. , iii. ,
19. _Acclivis_ is properly applied to a "gentle ascent. " Virg. , Georg. ,
ii. , 276. Col. , iii. , 15. _Tolutim_, à tollendo. Pliny (viii. , 42)
tells us that the people of Asturias in Spain trained their jennets
to a particular kind of easy pace: "mollis alterno crurum explicatu
glomeratio. " Varro speaks of giving a horse to a trainer, that he may
teach him this pace: "ut equiso doceat tolutim incedere. " Cf. Plaut. ,
As. , III. , iii. , 116, "Demam hercle jam hordeo tolutim ni badizas. "
Hence the "managed palfrey" of the Middle Ages. The pace probably
resembled that now taught by the Americans to their horses, and called
"racking. " Cf. lib. xiv. , 12, "equus gradarius, optimus vector. "
[1720] The _frigidarium_ was not only the "cold bath" (Bekker's Gallus,
p. 385), but was also applied to a cool cellar or pantry for keeping
provisions fresh.
[1721] All the commentators seem to give up this line in despair.
_Colustrum_ is properly the first milk that comes after parturition;
which, as being apt to curdle, was esteemed unwholesome, and produced
an attack called "Colustratio. " Schoenbeck supposes that the
inhabitants of this "Hibera insula," wherever it was, used _fomenta_
and _colustra_ as medical remedies. Mart. , xiii. , Ep. 38.
[1722] _Posticum_, Nonius makes equivalent to _Sella_. Gerlach,
however, thinks "cella" the correct reading here. The _pistrinum_ was
the name both for the bake-house and the mill for grinding the corn.
Vid. Bekker's Gallus, p. 265.
[1723] _Gigeria_ are the entrails of poultry: these were sometimes
served with a kind of stuffing or forcemeat called _insicia_. The word
occurs only in Lucilius, Petronius, and Apicius.
[1724] Scaliger connects this Fragment with lib. vii. , Fr. 22, and
reads, "Hic est Macedo: si lorum longui' flaccet, Læna manu lacrymas
mutoni absterget amicâ. "
[1725] _Bua_ was the word taught by Roman nurses to children,
equivalent to our "pap. " "Potio posita parvulorum. " Varro. Hence
_Vinibuæ_ for _vinolentæ_.
BOOK IX.
ARGUMENT.
The subject of the ninth book is known from several notices in the
old grammarians. [1726] It is said to have contained strictures
on the orthography of the ancient writers; some emendations of
the verses of Accius and Ennius (with especial reference to
the former, who is said to have always used double vowels to
express a long syllable), and a mention of the double genius,
who, according to the notion of Euclides the Socratic, attends
upon each individual of the human race. The exact connection of
this latter topic with the foregoing, is not at present evident
to us. It appears that this book had anciently the title of
"_Fornix_" as the work of Pomponius on a cognate subject was
called "_Marsyas_. " Van Heusde supposes that it took its name
from the Fabian arch on the Via Sacra, and that its subject
resembled the ninth of Horace's first book of Satires. The poet,
in his walk along the Via Sacra, meets with a troublesome fellow
near the arch of Fabius, who pesters him with a speech which he
is about to deliver, as defendant in a cause, and which he wishes
Lucilius to look over and correct; and that this furnishes the
poet with the groundwork for a discussion on several points in
grammar, orthography, and rhetoric. With this view Gerlach so far
agrees, as to suppose the subject of both Horace's and Lucilius's
Satires to have been similar; especially since many similar
phrases and sentiments occur in both; but he considers a detailed
disquisition on single letters and syllables inconsistent with
a desultory conversation, or with a cursory criticism of an
oration, and considers it better to confess one's ignorance
honestly than indulge in vain-glorious conjecture.
Particularly,
since many other Fragments of this book have come down to us,
wholly irreconcilable with this view of the subject; some
referring to avarice, others to the Salii; which, though they
might certainly be incidentally mentioned, imply too diversified
a subject to be definitely circumscribed within so limited an
outline, as Van Heusde conjectures.
1 . . . only let the nap of the woof stand erect within. . . . [1727]
2 First is A. I will begin with this; and the words spelled with
it. In the first place, A is either a long or short syllable;
consequently we will make it one, and, as we say, write it
in one and the same fashion, "Pācem, Plăcide, Jānum, Aridum,
Acetum," just as the Greeks do. Ἄρες Ἄρες. [1728]
3 . . . not very different from this, and badly put together, if
with a burr like a dog, I say AR . . . this is its name. [1729]
4 . . . and there is no reason why you should make it a question or
a difficulty whether you should write ACCURRERE with a D or a
T. [1730]
5 But it is of great consequence whether ABBITERE have a D or
B--[1731]
6 "Now come PUEREI. " Put E and I at the end, to make "pueri" the
plural; if you put I only, as PupillI, PuerI, LuceilI, this
will become the singular number. "_Hoc illi factum est unI. _"
Being singular, you will put I only. "_Hoc IllEI fecere. _" Add
E to mark the plural. Add also E to MendacEI and FurEI, when
you make it the dative case. " MEIle hominum, dub MEIlia. " Here
too we must have both vowels, MEIles, MEIlitiam. Pila, "a ball
to play with," Pilum, "a pestle to pound with," will have I
simply. But to PEIla, "javelins," you must add E, to give the
fuller sound. [1732]
7 Our S, and what after a semi-Greek fashion we call Sigma,
admits of no mistake.
8 . . . in the word PeLLiciendo. [1733]
9 For just as we see Intro (within) to be a very different word
from Intus (inside), so _apud se_ is very different from, and
has not the same force as, _ad se_. "A man invites us to come
in and join him (intro ad se). He keeps himself at home, inside
his own house (intus apud se). "
10 "The water boils," may be expressed by _Fervit_ (of the third
conjugation), or _Fervet_ (of the second conjugation). Or
again, _Fervit_ may be the _present_ tense, _Fervet_ the
_future_; both of the third conjugation.
11 So Fervĕre (with the E short, of the third conjugation).
12 You do not perceive the force of this; or how this differs from
the other. In the first place, this which we call "Poema" is
a small portion. So also an epistle, or any distich which is
of no great length, may be a "Poema. " A "Poësis" is a _whole_
work, as the whole Iliad; it is one Thesis. So also the Annals
of Ennius, that is also a single work, and of much greater
magnitude than what I just now styled Poëma. Wherefore I
assert, that no one who finds fault with Homer, finds fault
with him _all through_; nor does he criticise, as I said
before, the _whole_ Poesis; but simply a single verse, word,
proposition, or passage.
13 . . . that he is a misshapen old man, gouty in his joints and
feet--that he is lame, wretched, emaciated, and ruptured--
14 I seize his beak, and smash his lips, Zopyrus-fashion, and
knock out all his front teeth. [1734]
15 For he who makes bricks never has any thing more than common
clay with chaff, and stubble mixed with mud. [1735]
16 If she is nothing on the score of beauty, and if in former days
she was a harlot and common prostitute, you must have coin and
money.
17 . . . What if I see some oysters? Shall I be able to detect the
very river, and mud, and slime they came from? [1736]
18 He is a corn-chandler, and brings with him his bushel-measure
and his leveling-stick. [1737]
19 Study to learn: lest the fact itself and the reasoning confute
you--
20 with one thousand sesterces you can gain a hundred---
21 he had scratched himself, like a boar with his sides rubbed
against a tree--
22 . . . hence the ancilia, and high-peaked caps, and sacrificial
bowls[1738]
23 as the priest begins the solemn dance, and then the main body
takes it up after him. [1739]
24 . . . herself cuts all the thongs from the hide--
25 . . . how he differs from him whom Apollo has rescued. So be it.
26 her motion was as though she were winnowing corn. [1740]
FOOTNOTES:
[1726] Isidorus Hispalensis, Q. Terentianus Scaurus, and Velius Longus.
[1727] _Panus_ is explained in two ways, as "tramæ involucrum," and
as "tumor inguinis. " Gerlach inclines to the latter interpretation.
Schmidt supposes Lucilius to employ the metaphor of weaving to express
the following sentiment: "as the outer surface of the woof is of little
consequence if the inner part be good, so, provided a man's internal
qualities, the virtues of his heart and head, are all that we can
desire, it matters little what the outer integument is that shrouds
this fair inside:" and that to this Horace alludes, ii. , Sat. i. , 63,
"Lucilius ausus Primus in hunc operis componere carmina morem Detrahere
et _pellem_ nitidus quâ quisque per ora Cederet _introrsum turpis_. "
(Lucilii Satyrarum quæ de lib. ix. supersunt disposita, c. L. F.
Schmidt, p. 40. ) But Gerlach thinks that _panus_ could not be used to
express _pellis_.
[1728] This, we learn from Terentianus, is a criticism on Accius, who
used to mark long syllables by _doubling_ the vowels, which Lucilius
considers a fault, there being no more necessity in Latin to mark the
quantity by the orthography than in Greek, where, though the length of
the vowel be changed, as in ἄρες ἄρες, the spelling remains unaltered.
Cf. Hom. , Il. , v. , 31. Mart. , ix. , Ep. xii. , 15.
[1729] Corpet supposes some rustic person is alluded to, who used the
old-fashioned form. Cf. Plaut. , Truc. , II. , xii. , 17. Gerlach supposes
it is the poet himself. Cf. Pers. , Sat. i. , 109, "Sonat hic de nare
caninâ litera. "
[1730] Gerlach thinks there may be an allusion to Plautus, who often
uses this word. Cf. Capt. , III. , iv. , 72. Rud. , III. , iv. , 72.
[1731] _Abbitere_ for _abbire_ is Schmidt's reading, who also reads
_siet_ for _sive_, omitting _habet_ at the end of the line.
[1732] The rule contained in this Fragment seems superfluous,
especially after the opinion Lucilius has given in the second. _I_ is
equally long or short with _A_, nor does it appear why the _genitive_
should not be as _essentially_ long as the _dative_ singular. If the
insertion of the E were simply to mark the difference of number, there
might be some apparent reason.
[1733] "This Fragment is simply an illustration of the rule that the
preposition _per_ in composition remains unchanged, unless it stand
before the letter L, when by assimilation it is changed into the
initial letter of the word: so per lacio becomes pellacio; per labor,
pellabor; per luceo, pelluceo. "
[1734] Alluding to the story of Zopyrus, told by Herodotus, lib. iii. ,
154, and by Justin, lib. iii. , 10, _seq. _, who mutilated himself to
gain Babylon for Darius. Cf. lib. xxii. , Fr. 3.
[1735] _Acerosum_, according to Nonius, is applied to coarse bread,
not sufficiently cleared from chaff and husk. Cf. lib. xv. , Fr.
18. _Aceratum_, to clay mixed with stubble and straw, fit for the
brickmaker's use, the paleatum of Columella. V. , vi. , med. Cf. Exod. ,
v. , 16.
[1736] Juvenal borrows and enlarges upon this idea, in describing the
Epicurism of Montanus. Sat. iv. , 139, "Nulli majus fait usus edendi
tempestati meâ. Circæ nata forent an Lucrinum ad saxum, Rutupinove
edita fundo. _Ostrea, callebat primo deprendere morsa_, et _semel
aspecti_ litus dicebat echini. "
[1737] _Rutellum_, the diminutive of Rutrum. "a mattock," was the stick
with which the corn-dealer struck off the heaped-up corn, so as to make
it level with the top of his measure. It was also called Hostorium,
from the old verb Hostire, "to strike. " Compare the old English
"strike," used for a measure.
[1738] _Capis_ (à capiendo, Varro, v. , 121, "quod ausatæ ut prehendi
possent") was a cup with a handle, generally made of earthenware, and
ordinarily used in sacrifices. Vid. Liv. , lib. x. , 7. So also Capedo
and Capula. Cf. Bekker's Gallus, p. 481. The _apex_ is the conical cap
worn by the Salii.
[1739] _Præsul_ was the name applied to the Princeps Saliorum, because
he led the sacred dance, as προορχηστὴρ, ἔξαρχος. Called also Præsultor
and Præsultator. _Amtruo_ (from _am_, ἀμφὶ, circum, and _trua_, "an
implement used for stirring things round while they were being cooked")
is the technical phrase for the dancing of the Salii. The Præsul
danced at the head of the procession, _amtruabat_; the rest followed,
imitating his movements; _redamtruabant_. This procession took place in
the Comitium on the Kalends of March.
[1740] Cf. vii. , Fr. 10.
BOOK X.
ARGUMENT.
The old Scholiast, in his Life of Persius, tells us that "after he
had quitted school, and the instruction of his tutors, he was
so much struck with the tenth book of the Satires of Lucilius,
that he was seized with a vehement desire of writing Satire,
and immediately applied himself to the imitation of this book,
and after first detracting from his own merits, proceeded to
disparage the poetical attempts of others. " Van Heusde supposes
that the book contained a detailed account of the life of
Lucilius; and hence the saying of the Scholiast, that "the whole
life of Lucilius was as distinctly known as if it had been
portrayed in pictures. " (So Horace says, Sat. , II. , i. , 30,
"Quo fit ut omnis Votivâ pateat veluti descripta tabella Vita
senis. ") He conjectures the difference between the subjects of
the ninth and tenth books to have been this: that in the ninth,
Lucilius criticised the ignorance and corrected the mistakes of
the Librarii; i. e. , those who _copied_ the compositions of the
poets, only incidentally, and by the way, touching on the poets
themselves. Whereas the tenth was intended directly as an attack
upon the poets who preceded him. Jahn, in his prolegomena on
Persius, imagines this imitation of the tenth book to have been
carried farther than we are perhaps justified in assuming; he
conjectures that the Hendecasyllabic Prologue of Persius was a
direct imitation of a similar proem, and in the same metre which
formed the commencement of this book. This opinion he fortifies
by two quotations, one from Petronius, Sat.
