They were woven from green silk,
quidem crebrius, quibus aut febris, aut venenum, aut magica maleficentia perniciem conscivcrat : sed et aliis inde hausisse, multoscies remedio
fuit praesenti, qui vertigine rotabantur, dolore dentium cruciabantur, syncopen patiabantur, aut aliis quibusdam a-gritudinibus conflicta- bantur," lib.
quidem crebrius, quibus aut febris, aut venenum, aut magica maleficentia perniciem conscivcrat : sed et aliis inde hausisse, multoscies remedio
fuit praesenti, qui vertigine rotabantur, dolore dentium cruciabantur, syncopen patiabantur, aut aliis quibusdam a-gritudinibus conflicta- bantur," lib.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v9
Through the influence of Salomon, an arm of St.
Magnus was obtained from Fiissen, and brought with solemn ceremonies to that church, in which it was
deposited. ?
lation of the Relic took place between the years 887 and 889. 99 In the
archives of St. Gall's monastery are Latin Hymns, apparently of contempora-
neous date, and written to commemorate this event. 100 Some of these have been published by Canisius Iot and by other writers. To that church, also, Salomon attached Canons, who were there obliged to sing the Divine praises. When he had been created Abbot of St. Gall, and afterwards when he had been advanced as Bishop to the see of Constance, he enriched the endow- ment with additional possessions. Thenceforth, the church was regarded as specially dedicaied to St. Magnus. The annual festival celebrations at St. Gall's to commemorate his Translation were observed with peculiar ceremonies and rejoicing. Beside the church another institute of Recluse Virgins of St. Benedict's Order had been established. The Bishop of Con-
I02
stance blessed a cell in which St. Guiborat or Viborade
life, and where she obtained the crown of martyrdom, at the hands of the Hungarians,'°3 on the 2nd of May,10* a. d. 925, when these barbarians brought devastation on Suabia, and on all the adjoining countries. At this time, likewise, they burned the church of St. Magnus. This, however, was soon restored, and the body of St. Viborade, having been in the first instance deposited in St. Gall's monastery, was subsequently removed to the oratory of her cell, and finally it was translated. There too were deposited the remains of her companion, St. Rachilde, who survived her for twenty-one years. Both were held in the greatest —veneration by the faithful. In fine, the church and cemetery of St. Magnus which originally extended beyond
97 An interesting account of this pious nobleman may be found in Mabil Ion's
"
Annales Ordinis S. Benedicti," tomus Hi. , lib. xxxvii. , num. xl. , pp. 178, 179.
Such is the account given by Kkkehard
Junior in his bonk, De Cassibus S. C. alli,
Gall's monastery, has the following heading and opening verse : —
i.
9? This inference is drawn from the cir-
cap.
cumstances, that Adalbert commenced his
xTMSeeanaccountofherlife, andthatof her companion, St. Rachilde, in the Les Petits Bollandistes, "Vies des Saints,"
in the former while the year,
episcopacy
monastic life of Saloman began in the latter year, as the authors of " Gallia Christiana" state See tomus col.
tome v. , ii ,; Jour de Mai, 268 to pp.
v. ,
100 One of these hymns is published by
Henricus Canisius, and it was written appa- rently by one of the monks of St. Gall. It seems to have been intended a> a Festival Carmen, inviting our saint to return anil be the patron of the monastery, where he formerly lived with St. Gall. The following are the heading and opening Sapphic verses :—
Invitatio S. Magni.
"Miles, ad castrum poperes novellum,
pridem et notos repetas locellos,
century, these barbarous people began to
"
L'an 912, ils pillerent sans resistance la Franconie et la Turinge ; I'annee suivante ils ravage- rent l'Allemagne, e'est adire, le haut Rhin ; e» il y en eut grand nomine de tues sur la riviere d'In. par les Allemands et les Hava- rois. En 915. ils desolerent toute Allemagne par le fer et par le feu, coururent la Turinge et la Saxe, et vinrent en 916 au monastere de Fulde. L'annee suivante par l'Allemagne
posside terrain tibi prseperatam, jam comes Galli, social e sibi. *'
et I'Al—sace, ill penetrerent jusqu'en Lor« "
—" 'OI
raine. '' Abbe Fleury's Histoire Fccl£-
901.
273.
,03 In the commencement of the tenth
Antique Lectiones," tomus v. , pp. 750 et seq.
siastique," tome xi. , liv. liv. , sect, liii. , p.
596.
104 This is the day assigned iot her fes-
tival.
One of those hymns, by Ratpert, of St.
"
Versus Ratperti de S. Magno. Mire cunctorum Deus et creator, milis et fort is solidator orbis,
vota servorum tibi subditoruni accipe Clemens/'
extend their ravages into Germany.
8 This Trans-
lived an enclosed
September 6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS 161
the town of St. Gallen—were subsequently embraced within the circuit of its walls.
Besides the religious establishments at Fiiessan and at St. (Jail, dedicated to St. Magnus, and to which allusion has been already made, a parochial church had been erected to his memory, at a remote period, near the ancient fortification of Sorethanum, called by the natives Schussenreidi, now a town ol Wiirtemberg, in the circle of the Danube, about eight miles N. E. of Waldsee, near the source of the Schussen. 105 About a. d. ii88,106
Conradus, in favour with the Emperor Frederick I. , rarnamed Barbarossa, and having no sons as heirs for their possessions, resolved on founding a
of God and to the Blessed lo7 near the church Virgin,
to the
of St. Magnus, and on the site of the old castle. 108 This foundation w;i, given in charge to monks of the Premonstratensian Order, '°9 to whom also was transferred in perpetuity the aforesaid parochial church of St. Magnus, with the care of souls. In course of time, that monastery was endowed with many privileges, and it became a free and an Imperial Abbey, in the Germanic Confederation. It was secularised in 1803, when the Municipal and
monastery
Another church and dedicated to St. 111 had been monastery, Magnus,
112
erected at Ratisbon, in Bavaria, near the bridge which spans the Danube, andasstatedintheyear1 138. Theremanymiracleswerewroughtthroughthe saint's intercession. 1 ^ That coenobium is said to have been an establishment created by the efforts of the venerable Gebehard, a priest and canon of Ratisbon church, and through the patronage of King Conrad and his brother Henry, Duke of Bavaria. It was destroyed by the Swedes, in 1633, when they obtained possession of Ratisbon, but afterwards it was restored. 1 ' 4 The site now belongs to the Canons Regular of the Augustinian Order. Another note-worthy circumstance, connected with this monastery of St. Magnus, was
Ecclesiastical were Sovereignties
110 and Austria lost the
glory
swept away,
which had given her a natural authority and pre-eminence in the Empire.
I0
SSee "Gazetteer of the World," vol. xii. , p. 489.
106
According to a Manuscript Chronicle, of nearly contemporaneous date.
'°7 This was endowed with all the landed property of the founders.
108 The endowment took place, during the
Pontificate of Clement III. , who ruled from
Magnus, which was afterwards joined to the church and convent of St. Andrew, belong-
ing to the Augustinians. For authority, Father Francis Grienwald, a Carthusian of the monastery of St. Vitus, without the city of Ratisbon, is cited, and also Martin, Abbot
of Fiiessen, a. d. 1624.
U2 This celebrated bridge of cut-stone
facings, and which joins the suburb Statt- stratensis," tomus ii. , p. 820. 1 1 35, according to the chronicle of Andieas,
,l0
See an impartial account of these a priest of Ratisbon, as published by the transactions, in that admirable work of learned Benedictine, Dom Bernard Fez, in
""
Professor J. R. Seeley's Life and Times of Thesaurus Anecdotorum novissimus, sen
Stein, or Germany and Prussia in the Veterum Monumentorum collectio recentis-
a. d. 1187101191.
uv See " Annales Ordinis Pramion- am-hoff to Ratisbon, was commenced a. d.
Napoleonic Age," vol. i. , part ii. , chap, iii. , pp. 199 to 217 Cambridge : 1878, 8vo.
111
Father Babenstuber relates a legend re- garding St. Michael the Archangel, in the shape of a beautiful young man, and also respecting St. Magnus, as a venerable old pilgrim, appearing to the ferryman, before a bridge had been there built over the Danube.
I hi being passed freely over the river by the charitable man, they promised Heaven to
sima," tomus iv. This valuable historical work, in six folio volumes, appeared from
1721 to 1729. In the year 1 1 4. 6, the bridge was finished, according to Matthew Meiian, in his "Topographia Bavaria. ''
"3 See " Miracula," auctore P. Ludovico Babenstuber, Benedictino Fttalensi, cap. vii.
the §
him as a reward. This is regarded by experienced a crushing defeat at Nordling. e,
and their disaster was attributed to the but it is held, that to commemorate that saint,whosechapelhadbeensosacrilegiously
legend, a chapel was there dedicated to St. violated during the previous year.
L
Father Suysken as only a popular tradition ;
"
4 In th—e year 1634, and o—n the 6th of
September
St.
Magnus' day
Beringerua
and
position,
[62 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[September 6.
its containing Irish manuscripts,"* and referable to a very remote date. Other places had erections in honour ot our saint : viz. , at Chiebach or
Kuebach,
in Suevia, a chapel ; church.
in
there was a of nunnery
Bavaria,
at Steinbach,
monastery.
"5 Among these was an old codex Vita S. Brigidae, attributed to St. Ultan of Ard- braccan as author. He lived in the fifth and sixth centuries. See his Acts, in the present volume, at the 4th of September, Art. i. , and especially n. 50, ibid.
116 Hundius thinks this had been founded
at Fiiessen were to be seen the
6
pious virgins ;"
and at Huglfingan, in Bavaria, there was a parochial
Besides the staff of Columban, which had fallen successively into the
keeping of St. Gall and St. Magnus, and which had been preserved in later
ages at Fiissen ; the Canons Regular or Praemonstratensian Fathers, at IX
Schussenreidt, 7 procured a portion of that relic, which was kept in their convent,butatwhattimeisnowunknown. Thiswasinsertedinabeautiful and an artistic staff, fashioned of silver, adorned with gold — and
1'8
various precious stones. It was four feet, four inches, in length
according
to the local measurement—
from the surmounted with a top,
figure
of St.
Magnus, at the end. "9 On the breast of the silver figure is a cavity, con-
taining a particle of the cambula, and it has a crystal covering, about two
inches in length, by one inch in breadth. 120 As in the case of the staff at
Fiissen, this artificial staff is held in great veneration by the people at
Sorethan, who carry it about the fields and gardens, for the destruction of
121
noxious insects.
the Rev. Cistercian Abbot, Stephen Jung, ol the Salemitan monastery, in Suevia, and Vicar General of his Order, when on a visitation of his houses, he came to Fiissen. He then had a staff, fashioned like that at Fiissen, and in it he enclosed the relic presented to him. This staff was used, likewise, to drive away worms and other noxions insects from lands subject to the
Another small particle of the staff had been obtained by
132 In the maniple,
Cistercian
ornamented cowl,123 stole and
celebrated Mass. Moreover, the silver chalice, which served him at that time, was drank from by infirm persons, and they recovered health. ,as Another prized memorial of St. Magnus was the cross, which hung from his neck, while he was a Deacon, and which contained various sacred relics.
sacristy 12'*
which St. used while he Magnus
in the beginning of the eleventh century. autem quatuor, scilicet mdccxl, die S. •'
See in Metropolis Salisburgensis," tome Joannis Baptists? , obtuli Reverendissimo
ii. , p. 246.
"'Schussenried is a town of Wurtemberg,
1,8 The account here inserted had been received from Very Rev. Father Evermod Lorinzer, of the Prsemonstratensian Order, by Father Suysken.
119 A copper-plate engraving, given by the Bollandists, at p. 726, represents this artistic staff.
120 The Annalist of the Praemonstratensian Order states, that this particle had been in- serted by Didacus Strobele, who was elected
Abbotat in '*
Sorethan, 17 19 : Prodigissum
DD. nostro praesuli Constantino Muller partem de cuculla S. Magni, quam ab ejusdem monasterii abbate, cum sigili abba- tialis impressione obtinui supplex. "
in the circle of the Danube, near the source
of the river Schussen, which flows into Lake
Constance. It had formerly an Imperial
Benedictine Abbey, founded in 1183, audit
was suppresed in 1803. See " Gazetteer of and usually with the result of a happy the World," vol. xii. , pp. 488, 489.
^. Magni abbatis baculum preciosis acclusit
hpsanis," tomus ii. , col. 833.
121 This was called in "
Latin, prodigiosus
baculus S. Magni," because of the many miracles attributed to its use.
'"In a letter to Father Chardon, in 1744,
he writes on this
subject
:
" Ante annos
,23 The lappet of this hood is said to have been applied to the sick, in former ages,
recovery.
"« Although applied to the sick, we have
no account of cures effected through them.
They were woven from green silk,
quidem crebrius, quibus aut febris, aut venenum, aut magica maleficentia perniciem conscivcrat : sed et aliis inde hausisse, multoscies remedio
fuit praesenti, qui vertigine rotabantur, dolore dentium cruciabantur, syncopen patiabantur, aut aliis quibusdam a-gritudinibus conflicta- bantur," lib. iii. , cap. 5.
I25FatherBabenstuberadds "
: Illi
workmanship
September 6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 63
At Schussenreidt, not only the Pnemonstratensian Fathers, hut the people surrounding their monastery, were accustomed, from times very remote, 136 to celebrate the chief feast of their Patron, St. Magnus, with the obligation of hearing Mass and abstaining from servile works. "7 Even a special Office had been composed for him, the Lessons of which were chiefly taken from his ancient Life. In like manner, the Hymns for the first Vespers of his Festival 128 were Proper; likewise those for Matins"? and Lauds,1? ? as also the Responses for the Nocturns, and the Antiphons for all the Hours. More- over, in the great diocese of Constance, the feast of St. Magnus was celebrated yearly on the 6th of September, while he was venerated and invoked as the Thaumaturgus, and Apostle, as also the Common Father and Auxiliator of all those suffering and in affliction. He is thus numbered among the Sancti Auxiliatores '3 1 of the Germans, and they were so designated and invoked as being their special Patrons before God, either for averting or
^removingcalamities,orforobtainingparticularbenefits. IntheoldMissal'32
of the Diocese of
Mayence,
1 " and in an old Missal1 ? * of '35 in Utrecht,
125 Father Evermod Lorinzer of that Order testifies, that for about two hundred years, in the middle ages, the special Office lor St Magnus was sung on the day of his Festival and during the Octave ; but, after that lapse of time, the practice fell into desuetude, in the year 1632, when the fathers were obliged to fly, and their monas- tery was burned, during the Swedish war, waged by Gustavus Adolphus. See R. de Prade, M L'Histoire de Gustave-Adolphe, dit le Grand," Paris, 1686, 8vo,
,27 On the saint's chief feast, September 6th, a great concourse of people and clergy flocked to the Prsemonstratensian church at Schussenreidt, not only from the neighbour- hood, but also from the churches apart, and
130 The following is the first verse of the Hymn at Lauds" :
" Vos clara laudes resonet Noctis quieto tempore, Magni patris encomiis Miscens devotosjubilos. "
131 In the middle of the seventeenth cen- tury, the Very Rev. Father Abbot Thomas, of the Cistercian Order, wrote a work in Germany, on the Holy Helpers, who were invoked at Lanchem, in the Diocese of Bamberg, under that title. He only names fourteen, from which list St. Magnus is excluded. Nor in the Mass peculiar to their festival is his name to be found.
132 Printed A. D. 1493.
133 In it is a Mass, with the title, De
Quatuordecim Adjutoribus Sanctis, although fifteen names are included in the Collect,
they
formed in The religious procession.
large statue of St. Magnus, adorned wgh
rich vestments, was set up in the middle of
the church, and it was an object of great
popular veneration. A solemn High Mass
was sung by the Abbot, in pontificals, with
his assistant ministers, or by some bishop,
who had been specially invited to officiate.
A select choir was chosen for the occasion,
and usually a distinguished and an eloquent
preacher was selected to eulogise the saint's
merits and virtues. Such devotion extended
thus :
"
Omnipotens ac mitissime Deus, qui
also to those cities, towns and parishes, missions gratiam,petitionis nostra; salutarem
where benefits had been obtained through
the intercession of St. Magnus.
consequamur effectum. Da nobis, Domine, veniam peccatorum, et ipsorum interceden- tibus meritis, ab omnibus adversitatibus libera, et deprecationes nostras benignus exaudi. Per Dominum, &C. In like manner, the name of St. Magnus is to be found in the Missal of the Dominicans
118
The first strophe thus commences :
11
Sydus refulget jam novum, Magni clarum solemniis, Germaniam et Galliam
Novo beat Apostolo. "
129 The Hymn for Matins is taken from that '
A. I).
Printed at Leida, A. I>.
ascribed to Ratpert, as given by Henricus
Canisius in "Antiqux Lectiones," tomos v.
1514.
,35 Among the Masses for averting various
calamities, is one healed, De Ouindecim Auxiliatoribus, and having the name of St.
Magnus included, with a Collect agreeing with that in the previous note. In the Secrets and Postcommunio, the same names occur.
The first verse runs as follows
"
:
Mire cunctorum Dens et Creator, Mitis et fortis solidator orbis, Vota servorum tibi subditorum
Accipe clemens. "
electos sanctos tuos, Georgium, Blasium,
Herasmum, Fantaleonem, Vitum, Christo-
ferum, Dionisium, Ciriacum, Achatium,
Eustachium, Magnum, Egidium, Mar-
garetam, Barbaram, et Katherinam,
specialibus privilegiis decorasti ; quivsumus,
ut omnes, qui in necessitatibus eorurn imploramus auxilium, secundum tuoe pro-
printed I
1550.
164 LIVES Ofi THE IRISH SAINTS. [September 6.
Holland, the name of St. Magnus is found added as a fifteenth '36 to the
fourteen Helpers most generally enumerated. By the German writers,
T J38
Babenstuber 37 and Francis Peter, Canon Regular of St. Augustine, St.
Magnus is called Auxiliator.
Although not mentioned in the Roman Martyrology, yet Notker Bal-
bulus '39 and many German Martyrologists commemorate this saint, at the
September.
"
Sanctus Magnus Algoiorum Apos-
work,
tolus, Germanorum communis Auxiliator. "
Thus, in the
of 140 of Martyrologies Rheinau, Augsburg,
1 -* 1 At the same date, he is noticed by Galesi- nius,I43 and by Bucelin. 144 The Bollandists had in their Library a number of German Diocesan Missals and Breviaries, which proved that veneration for St. Magnus obtained not alone in Suevia, but also in Bavaria, the circle oftheRhine,Franconia,Alsace,andBelgium. Nolessthansixteenofthose Breviaries are named, viz. , Mayence, and its suffragan Sees, Augsburg, Argentinensis, Saltzburg, Constance, Eistad, Spire, Worms ; also Vienna, in Austria, Pataviensis and Ratisbon, in Bavaria ; Wratislaviensis, in Silesia* Minden,inWestphalia,andCologne,ontheRhine. Tothesemaybeadded the two Belgian Breviaries of Tongres and Utrecht. There can hardly be a doubt, but that in other dioceses his cultus had spread, as to him was given the title "Auxiliator Germanise. " Among the Kalendars which Dominicus Geqrgius edited at Rome, in 1745, together with the Martyrology of Ado, two especially note this festival ; one of these called the Kalen- darium Palatino-Vaticanum, prefixed to a Sacramentary of St. Gregory, belonging to the twelfth century ; the other called Kalendariuin Mediola-
"
Sanctus Magnus Confessoris. " Not less frequent are entries in the Additions to Usuard, as Father Soller shows. Father Henry Fitz-simon '45 inscribes St. Magnus or Magdobaldus on his List of the Irish Saints, and ascribes his feast to the 6th of September. At the same date, he is in the Calendar of Conveus, and in that Anonymous
one, published by O'Sullevan Beare. 146
A secondary festival was held on the 22nd of March, which was that for
the Translation of his relics. At Schussenreidt, the same Office, as that on i
6th of
and of Treves,142 he is entered.
nense II. Both, at the present day, enter
136
the 8lh of August prefixes the name of the glorious Mother of God, to the fourteen
but among these, he has not in- eluded the name of Magnus.
In his additions to Usuard, Greven at
church of Treves, or perhaps of Belgium, In it is found, at the viii. Ides of September : "AdFauces, Magniconfessoris. "
" Ad Fauces, sancti Magni
Helpers
137 He thus describes our saint in his
**3 He writes
confessoris : qui sancti Galli discipulos,
;
:
proedicandi
ad pie agendum inflammavit, miraculorum que ac vita: religiose' arte l. uide nobilis in sanctos suinini Pontificis auctoritate ab
138 He writes: " Etiam apud longe (lis-
sitas et exteras nationes S. Magnus honoie,
festoque die solemniter colitur, interque eos
Divos, quos ob speciales quasdam proeroga-
tivas Auxiliatores —
vocamus, prresentissimus
patronus habetur. " "Suevia Ecclesiastica,"
p. 326.
139 He states: " Nativitas sancti Magni
confessoris, discipuli beati Galli, mirabiliset sanctissimi viri.
140 Thus: "VIII. Id. Sept. Natale sancti Magni confess. "
141 Thus, at the same day, that of the monastery of Uldaricus records "Magni conf. "
142 The Martyrology of St. Martin, which
Father Soller places among the Hierony-
mian ones. This he suspects to have been pendium," tomus i. , lib. iv. , cap. x. , xi. , pp. originally compiled for the use of some 48, 51, 55.
divino
munere multorum animos
episcopo Augustano adscriptus est. " '*4 "
lie writes: Decessit, ut annis, sic meritis cumulatissimus, in SUO, quod con- diderat, ad Fauces Fiiessen)
j
sit. " "Martyrologium '"
Benedictinum. "
Julias (vulgo
memoria coenobio tumulatus cujus apud
;
Germanos longe est celeberrima : ita ut propter continua miracula, quae per ejus veneramlas reliquias, tarn in agris, quam in amends et hominibus, passim patrantur, quatuordecim Sanctis, ut vocant Auxilia- TORIBUS, memorabili sane meritorum com- mend—atione, decimus quintoa ipse adjunctus
45See Catalogus Aliquorum Sanctorum Hibcrnia:. "
I46 See" Historic Catholics IbernneCom-
September 6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 165
the 6th of September, was recited ; except that in the Lessons of the Second Nocturn, the Sermo Venerabilis Eedae presbyteri in Natali S. Benedicti «4> was substituted, and a few minor changes took place. Nor was this the only honour paid to the memory of St. Magnus, as on every Thursday throughout
the year, not engaged for a double Office, a special Antiphon '*8 and x
Prayer «9 were prescribed, at Lauds and Vespers. Moreover, on every Tuesday, on which there was no proper Office, the Missa Major or Con- ventual Mass was sung in honour of St. Magnus, excepting the common suffrage occurring in Lauds and Vespers. '5°
The Acts of many early saints, and those even of gr? at celebrity in the Church, are occasionally obscure and defective, so that a critical writer must hesitate to assert as facts, what may prove at best to be only probable or possible conjectures. However, nearly all ancient history or biography, even that of the Pagan writers most admired, abounds in fallacies, with the flow of eloquent narrative. Nor would we be willing to lose the trend of those facts preserved, even though wreathed with their unsubstantial, imaginary and florid adornments. We have still more than enough of interesting material interwoven with the acts of St. Magnus, to illustrate the manners of his own and of subsequent ages ; nor should we permit to remain uncared for and unnoticed those traditionary and ancient documents, that have come down to our time, and that serve to perpetuate his virtues and miracles.
Article III. —St. Mac Cuilinn, Maculinus or Maculind, Bishop and Patron of Lusk, County of Dublin. [Fifth or Sixth Century. '] Much confusion exists in the documents and traditions which remain, regarding the time when the patron saint of Lusk flourished, and as to how far we can have reliance on his rather modernly transcribed Proper Office, still
in the
which it had been transcribed seems to have been lost.
.
»
"
Audiensa Domino Petrus," &c.
l & Antiphon : " Laudemus virum glorio- sum et parentem nostrum sanctum Magnum in generatione sua, cujus intuentes exitum, conversationis ejus sequamur vestigia. " V. Justum deduxit Dominus per vias rectas.
ft. Etostenditi11i regnumDei.
'*9
Oratio: Sancti Magni confessoris tui, quaesumus, Domine, mentis adjuvemur, ut quod possibilitas nostra non obtinet, ejus nobis intercessione donetur. Per Christum, &c.
147
viueret : in opes alere : pauperes recreare : nudis vestimenta triburere : esurientcs pascere : peregrinis et viduis, caeteraque
opera miserecordiaelargiresolebat. Deuiantes etiam et a via veritatis declinantes ; adspem fiduciae verbo suae predicationis reuocabat. In Dei templo quasi Lucifer aparuit Macu- linus : Quicquid enim erat in eo Dei virtute atque potentia mirabiliter refulcit. In Dei seruitio in ecclesia iugiter existebat, turn stando, turn orando : turn legendo : turn genua flectendo : continue laborando cor- pusque suum vigiliis jeiuniisque macerabat.
of Dublin. 1 Trinity College,
The from original
preserved
deemed it well to present the Latin Version,2 now published, as we believe,
Library
150 Father Evermod Lorinzer, who sup-
plied the foregoing information to the Insistent itaque diuino operi pietatis ;
Hollandists, adds:
"
Et haec de cultu S.
monasteria etoratoria iugiter con-
Patroni nostri tarn—
antiquo quam
moderno. "
ecclesias : tinueque
operatus
quas praesens libellus nequeat continere :
nee hominum linguae enucleare valeant. Tu autem Domine miserere nostri.
Lfctio 2DA
Igitur de beatissimi militis Maculini vita admirabili, pauca reuocemusad memoriam : qui multo iam tempore priusquam terris
Article hi.
classed E. , Tab. 3, No. 8, fol. 128, 129.
"On the margin of this transcript are the words Vita S. Macttlini, in a different hand- writing. The following are the Lessons :
Lectio ima.
eum Deus
In the
Manuscript
Tantas
per
est
vitutes,
Venerabilem hujus diei sanctissimam
memoriam recolentes quo gloriosus Christi
pontifex Maculinus, deposito carnis onere, innotuit virtutibus admirandum claruit. ad gaudia transmigravit aeterna. Qui dum Rex etenim quidem nobilissimus (brumen-
fabricando.
Quid plura
referam ?
Wherefore, we have
i66 LIVESOFTHEIRISHSAINTS. [September6.
for the first time, in the phraseology, and order here given ; but, lengthening the contraction of words, which occasionally occurs, and including within brackets those words which appear to be meaningless, or which probably are mistakes of the scribe. This narrative of the saint's Acts is
ill-digested and frequently obscure, even were the statements it contains to be relied
cium ? ) ortus ad Loth similitudem : ebrietate quamdiu ipse psalmos didicit
repletus : nefando scelere sororem premendo violauit : quae mox coYicepit in vtero : ac duos genuit filios. Ille autem sceleris iniquitatem celare est conatus ; inuentis illis
nequitiis grauioribus : unum ex illis dimisit : alium mater arripuit : quem nutriuit ac
baptizarifecit, Maculinumquevocauit: qui
literarum studhs est traditus: cepit moribus
florere, virtutibus et miraculis corruscare.
Quotidie sedulo insistendo orationibus et
vigiliis : corpusque suum jeiunijs macerando
non desistit. Sicque fama sancti perad-
jacentes circumquaque prouincias aduolavit.
Quid plura. Defuncto illius regionis episcopo
Maculinus ab omni clero et populo elegitur,
et infula pontificali sublimatur. Tu autem altera linguae, facundiam loquendi recepit. Domine miserere nostri. In eodem temporis momento, ejusdem regis
Lectio 3TRA. coniugem diaboli sagitta subito percussam ; idem gloriosus Dei famulus reuocauit ad In diebus illis erat quidam rex Rath- vitam. Eodem quoque die Rex nu-moratus ; lunensis Tugerna nomine, qui quidam Maculinum quum postulando de miraculis
virgunculam habuit forma et vultu pul-
cherimam : a quo etiam edictum exiit : ut
nemo thorum illius virgunculae violaret.
Vnus autem ex ejus militibus Amargen flores extulisset, maturos fructus protulit : nomine : optimus scil : faber ferrarius illam sinus vernali autumnalibus
eiusque tempore
cognouit. Quae mox concepit in vtero. Rex repleuerat nucibus. Tunc Rex glorihcauit
autem cum illam partui proximam, inter-
rogans earn de quo concepisset. At ilia statim confessa est. Tunc Rex valde iratus :
iussit alligari ambos, et in ignem mitti nudos. Sed qui cuncta condidit, hoc non
beatum Maculinum, eique partem terra. ' sine donauit.
Lectio 51A.
Post haec venerabilis Christi miles Macu-
protulit loquelam : claraque voce dixit ad
regem. <> Rex impie, imo crude] issime vnum congregati, ad sancti Maculini pedes
tyranne ! nequissimum sacrilegumque scelus
cateruatim prouoluu'ntur; qui omnes quasi ex vno ore dixerunt, Salua nos : at) ilia etiam
Nam ut dicam
fueris si hoc non consummaueris. Ac si
manifestius diceret, cur illos qui me feceruut ad vitam, detrudis ad mortem ? Rex autem perteritus, valdeque ad ineffabilem admi- ratus allocutionem, ait : quid sibi vult hoc novumprodigium? TuncRexjussitfabrum
ferrarium, cum virguncula praegnante, honorabiliter custodiri. Quae peperit (ilium
agere disponis.
acceptabilior
die euacuata est terra, nee
Sancti Maculini meritis liberati sunt.
Lectio 6ta.
Post haec autem et alia plura miracula quae
beatus Maculinus operatus est. reliquit Al-
baniam, et ut proposuit Roman adiit.
Gregorius autem tunc Apostolicam rexerat arcem. Cum vir Dei Maculinus peruenit
ad illam, qui cum episcopali diademate sanctum sublimate cepisset Maculinum, flamma cadens de ccelo intersit. Tunc
Gregorius de coelis per angelum admonitus, sancto ait Maculino, Reuertcre ad prouinciam tuam, et in loco quo reserecturus fueris ; a summo pontifici pontificali infula sublima-
sanctitate et vita laudabilem : in bonis operibusvigere, etin Dei ecclesia mirabiliter florere.
Lectio 4TA.
Post haec autem praedicti tresviri, beatum puerum ad fines Laginencium perduxerunt. Vbi inter ccetera,quae ibidem gessit miracula;
cepit
tamdiu Ac si de intus crebris ardentibus flammis videretur : nee non et de foris ardoribus solis feruen- tibus, eodem omnino habitu permanere fecit. Post ea vero monasterium illis
domum nine vestitam respexerit.
signauit : ibi aliquando tempore permansit. Denique Laginencium relinquendo partes Carbrinum adiuit, sancti Gregorii disci-
pulum, per cuius magisterium, evangelium et epistolam legit. Eodem tempore Rex quidam Acchoreus nomine sanctum Macu- linum rogauit vt orbatum luminibus filium,
necnon et filiam, videlicet, linguae ex parte curaret. Protinus autem orante beato Maculino : vnus illorum munera luminum,
amplius faciendis rogauit. Erat enim vemale
et illius dicto nonduin finito
sub cuius vmbra positi fuerant, priusquam
tempus,
:
c:>rylus
Fulmina enim et toniirui linus Albaniam petiit ; ibique aliquanti
permisit.
deposited. ?
lation of the Relic took place between the years 887 and 889. 99 In the
archives of St. Gall's monastery are Latin Hymns, apparently of contempora-
neous date, and written to commemorate this event. 100 Some of these have been published by Canisius Iot and by other writers. To that church, also, Salomon attached Canons, who were there obliged to sing the Divine praises. When he had been created Abbot of St. Gall, and afterwards when he had been advanced as Bishop to the see of Constance, he enriched the endow- ment with additional possessions. Thenceforth, the church was regarded as specially dedicaied to St. Magnus. The annual festival celebrations at St. Gall's to commemorate his Translation were observed with peculiar ceremonies and rejoicing. Beside the church another institute of Recluse Virgins of St. Benedict's Order had been established. The Bishop of Con-
I02
stance blessed a cell in which St. Guiborat or Viborade
life, and where she obtained the crown of martyrdom, at the hands of the Hungarians,'°3 on the 2nd of May,10* a. d. 925, when these barbarians brought devastation on Suabia, and on all the adjoining countries. At this time, likewise, they burned the church of St. Magnus. This, however, was soon restored, and the body of St. Viborade, having been in the first instance deposited in St. Gall's monastery, was subsequently removed to the oratory of her cell, and finally it was translated. There too were deposited the remains of her companion, St. Rachilde, who survived her for twenty-one years. Both were held in the greatest —veneration by the faithful. In fine, the church and cemetery of St. Magnus which originally extended beyond
97 An interesting account of this pious nobleman may be found in Mabil Ion's
"
Annales Ordinis S. Benedicti," tomus Hi. , lib. xxxvii. , num. xl. , pp. 178, 179.
Such is the account given by Kkkehard
Junior in his bonk, De Cassibus S. C. alli,
Gall's monastery, has the following heading and opening verse : —
i.
9? This inference is drawn from the cir-
cap.
cumstances, that Adalbert commenced his
xTMSeeanaccountofherlife, andthatof her companion, St. Rachilde, in the Les Petits Bollandistes, "Vies des Saints,"
in the former while the year,
episcopacy
monastic life of Saloman began in the latter year, as the authors of " Gallia Christiana" state See tomus col.
tome v. , ii ,; Jour de Mai, 268 to pp.
v. ,
100 One of these hymns is published by
Henricus Canisius, and it was written appa- rently by one of the monks of St. Gall. It seems to have been intended a> a Festival Carmen, inviting our saint to return anil be the patron of the monastery, where he formerly lived with St. Gall. The following are the heading and opening Sapphic verses :—
Invitatio S. Magni.
"Miles, ad castrum poperes novellum,
pridem et notos repetas locellos,
century, these barbarous people began to
"
L'an 912, ils pillerent sans resistance la Franconie et la Turinge ; I'annee suivante ils ravage- rent l'Allemagne, e'est adire, le haut Rhin ; e» il y en eut grand nomine de tues sur la riviere d'In. par les Allemands et les Hava- rois. En 915. ils desolerent toute Allemagne par le fer et par le feu, coururent la Turinge et la Saxe, et vinrent en 916 au monastere de Fulde. L'annee suivante par l'Allemagne
posside terrain tibi prseperatam, jam comes Galli, social e sibi. *'
et I'Al—sace, ill penetrerent jusqu'en Lor« "
—" 'OI
raine. '' Abbe Fleury's Histoire Fccl£-
901.
273.
,03 In the commencement of the tenth
Antique Lectiones," tomus v. , pp. 750 et seq.
siastique," tome xi. , liv. liv. , sect, liii. , p.
596.
104 This is the day assigned iot her fes-
tival.
One of those hymns, by Ratpert, of St.
"
Versus Ratperti de S. Magno. Mire cunctorum Deus et creator, milis et fort is solidator orbis,
vota servorum tibi subditoruni accipe Clemens/'
extend their ravages into Germany.
8 This Trans-
lived an enclosed
September 6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS 161
the town of St. Gallen—were subsequently embraced within the circuit of its walls.
Besides the religious establishments at Fiiessan and at St. (Jail, dedicated to St. Magnus, and to which allusion has been already made, a parochial church had been erected to his memory, at a remote period, near the ancient fortification of Sorethanum, called by the natives Schussenreidi, now a town ol Wiirtemberg, in the circle of the Danube, about eight miles N. E. of Waldsee, near the source of the Schussen. 105 About a. d. ii88,106
Conradus, in favour with the Emperor Frederick I. , rarnamed Barbarossa, and having no sons as heirs for their possessions, resolved on founding a
of God and to the Blessed lo7 near the church Virgin,
to the
of St. Magnus, and on the site of the old castle. 108 This foundation w;i, given in charge to monks of the Premonstratensian Order, '°9 to whom also was transferred in perpetuity the aforesaid parochial church of St. Magnus, with the care of souls. In course of time, that monastery was endowed with many privileges, and it became a free and an Imperial Abbey, in the Germanic Confederation. It was secularised in 1803, when the Municipal and
monastery
Another church and dedicated to St. 111 had been monastery, Magnus,
112
erected at Ratisbon, in Bavaria, near the bridge which spans the Danube, andasstatedintheyear1 138. Theremanymiracleswerewroughtthroughthe saint's intercession. 1 ^ That coenobium is said to have been an establishment created by the efforts of the venerable Gebehard, a priest and canon of Ratisbon church, and through the patronage of King Conrad and his brother Henry, Duke of Bavaria. It was destroyed by the Swedes, in 1633, when they obtained possession of Ratisbon, but afterwards it was restored. 1 ' 4 The site now belongs to the Canons Regular of the Augustinian Order. Another note-worthy circumstance, connected with this monastery of St. Magnus, was
Ecclesiastical were Sovereignties
110 and Austria lost the
glory
swept away,
which had given her a natural authority and pre-eminence in the Empire.
I0
SSee "Gazetteer of the World," vol. xii. , p. 489.
106
According to a Manuscript Chronicle, of nearly contemporaneous date.
'°7 This was endowed with all the landed property of the founders.
108 The endowment took place, during the
Pontificate of Clement III. , who ruled from
Magnus, which was afterwards joined to the church and convent of St. Andrew, belong-
ing to the Augustinians. For authority, Father Francis Grienwald, a Carthusian of the monastery of St. Vitus, without the city of Ratisbon, is cited, and also Martin, Abbot
of Fiiessen, a. d. 1624.
U2 This celebrated bridge of cut-stone
facings, and which joins the suburb Statt- stratensis," tomus ii. , p. 820. 1 1 35, according to the chronicle of Andieas,
,l0
See an impartial account of these a priest of Ratisbon, as published by the transactions, in that admirable work of learned Benedictine, Dom Bernard Fez, in
""
Professor J. R. Seeley's Life and Times of Thesaurus Anecdotorum novissimus, sen
Stein, or Germany and Prussia in the Veterum Monumentorum collectio recentis-
a. d. 1187101191.
uv See " Annales Ordinis Pramion- am-hoff to Ratisbon, was commenced a. d.
Napoleonic Age," vol. i. , part ii. , chap, iii. , pp. 199 to 217 Cambridge : 1878, 8vo.
111
Father Babenstuber relates a legend re- garding St. Michael the Archangel, in the shape of a beautiful young man, and also respecting St. Magnus, as a venerable old pilgrim, appearing to the ferryman, before a bridge had been there built over the Danube.
I hi being passed freely over the river by the charitable man, they promised Heaven to
sima," tomus iv. This valuable historical work, in six folio volumes, appeared from
1721 to 1729. In the year 1 1 4. 6, the bridge was finished, according to Matthew Meiian, in his "Topographia Bavaria. ''
"3 See " Miracula," auctore P. Ludovico Babenstuber, Benedictino Fttalensi, cap. vii.
the §
him as a reward. This is regarded by experienced a crushing defeat at Nordling. e,
and their disaster was attributed to the but it is held, that to commemorate that saint,whosechapelhadbeensosacrilegiously
legend, a chapel was there dedicated to St. violated during the previous year.
L
Father Suysken as only a popular tradition ;
"
4 In th—e year 1634, and o—n the 6th of
September
St.
Magnus' day
Beringerua
and
position,
[62 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[September 6.
its containing Irish manuscripts,"* and referable to a very remote date. Other places had erections in honour ot our saint : viz. , at Chiebach or
Kuebach,
in Suevia, a chapel ; church.
in
there was a of nunnery
Bavaria,
at Steinbach,
monastery.
"5 Among these was an old codex Vita S. Brigidae, attributed to St. Ultan of Ard- braccan as author. He lived in the fifth and sixth centuries. See his Acts, in the present volume, at the 4th of September, Art. i. , and especially n. 50, ibid.
116 Hundius thinks this had been founded
at Fiiessen were to be seen the
6
pious virgins ;"
and at Huglfingan, in Bavaria, there was a parochial
Besides the staff of Columban, which had fallen successively into the
keeping of St. Gall and St. Magnus, and which had been preserved in later
ages at Fiissen ; the Canons Regular or Praemonstratensian Fathers, at IX
Schussenreidt, 7 procured a portion of that relic, which was kept in their convent,butatwhattimeisnowunknown. Thiswasinsertedinabeautiful and an artistic staff, fashioned of silver, adorned with gold — and
1'8
various precious stones. It was four feet, four inches, in length
according
to the local measurement—
from the surmounted with a top,
figure
of St.
Magnus, at the end. "9 On the breast of the silver figure is a cavity, con-
taining a particle of the cambula, and it has a crystal covering, about two
inches in length, by one inch in breadth. 120 As in the case of the staff at
Fiissen, this artificial staff is held in great veneration by the people at
Sorethan, who carry it about the fields and gardens, for the destruction of
121
noxious insects.
the Rev. Cistercian Abbot, Stephen Jung, ol the Salemitan monastery, in Suevia, and Vicar General of his Order, when on a visitation of his houses, he came to Fiissen. He then had a staff, fashioned like that at Fiissen, and in it he enclosed the relic presented to him. This staff was used, likewise, to drive away worms and other noxions insects from lands subject to the
Another small particle of the staff had been obtained by
132 In the maniple,
Cistercian
ornamented cowl,123 stole and
celebrated Mass. Moreover, the silver chalice, which served him at that time, was drank from by infirm persons, and they recovered health. ,as Another prized memorial of St. Magnus was the cross, which hung from his neck, while he was a Deacon, and which contained various sacred relics.
sacristy 12'*
which St. used while he Magnus
in the beginning of the eleventh century. autem quatuor, scilicet mdccxl, die S. •'
See in Metropolis Salisburgensis," tome Joannis Baptists? , obtuli Reverendissimo
ii. , p. 246.
"'Schussenried is a town of Wurtemberg,
1,8 The account here inserted had been received from Very Rev. Father Evermod Lorinzer, of the Prsemonstratensian Order, by Father Suysken.
119 A copper-plate engraving, given by the Bollandists, at p. 726, represents this artistic staff.
120 The Annalist of the Praemonstratensian Order states, that this particle had been in- serted by Didacus Strobele, who was elected
Abbotat in '*
Sorethan, 17 19 : Prodigissum
DD. nostro praesuli Constantino Muller partem de cuculla S. Magni, quam ab ejusdem monasterii abbate, cum sigili abba- tialis impressione obtinui supplex. "
in the circle of the Danube, near the source
of the river Schussen, which flows into Lake
Constance. It had formerly an Imperial
Benedictine Abbey, founded in 1183, audit
was suppresed in 1803. See " Gazetteer of and usually with the result of a happy the World," vol. xii. , pp. 488, 489.
^. Magni abbatis baculum preciosis acclusit
hpsanis," tomus ii. , col. 833.
121 This was called in "
Latin, prodigiosus
baculus S. Magni," because of the many miracles attributed to its use.
'"In a letter to Father Chardon, in 1744,
he writes on this
subject
:
" Ante annos
,23 The lappet of this hood is said to have been applied to the sick, in former ages,
recovery.
"« Although applied to the sick, we have
no account of cures effected through them.
They were woven from green silk,
quidem crebrius, quibus aut febris, aut venenum, aut magica maleficentia perniciem conscivcrat : sed et aliis inde hausisse, multoscies remedio
fuit praesenti, qui vertigine rotabantur, dolore dentium cruciabantur, syncopen patiabantur, aut aliis quibusdam a-gritudinibus conflicta- bantur," lib. iii. , cap. 5.
I25FatherBabenstuberadds "
: Illi
workmanship
September 6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 63
At Schussenreidt, not only the Pnemonstratensian Fathers, hut the people surrounding their monastery, were accustomed, from times very remote, 136 to celebrate the chief feast of their Patron, St. Magnus, with the obligation of hearing Mass and abstaining from servile works. "7 Even a special Office had been composed for him, the Lessons of which were chiefly taken from his ancient Life. In like manner, the Hymns for the first Vespers of his Festival 128 were Proper; likewise those for Matins"? and Lauds,1? ? as also the Responses for the Nocturns, and the Antiphons for all the Hours. More- over, in the great diocese of Constance, the feast of St. Magnus was celebrated yearly on the 6th of September, while he was venerated and invoked as the Thaumaturgus, and Apostle, as also the Common Father and Auxiliator of all those suffering and in affliction. He is thus numbered among the Sancti Auxiliatores '3 1 of the Germans, and they were so designated and invoked as being their special Patrons before God, either for averting or
^removingcalamities,orforobtainingparticularbenefits. IntheoldMissal'32
of the Diocese of
Mayence,
1 " and in an old Missal1 ? * of '35 in Utrecht,
125 Father Evermod Lorinzer of that Order testifies, that for about two hundred years, in the middle ages, the special Office lor St Magnus was sung on the day of his Festival and during the Octave ; but, after that lapse of time, the practice fell into desuetude, in the year 1632, when the fathers were obliged to fly, and their monas- tery was burned, during the Swedish war, waged by Gustavus Adolphus. See R. de Prade, M L'Histoire de Gustave-Adolphe, dit le Grand," Paris, 1686, 8vo,
,27 On the saint's chief feast, September 6th, a great concourse of people and clergy flocked to the Prsemonstratensian church at Schussenreidt, not only from the neighbour- hood, but also from the churches apart, and
130 The following is the first verse of the Hymn at Lauds" :
" Vos clara laudes resonet Noctis quieto tempore, Magni patris encomiis Miscens devotosjubilos. "
131 In the middle of the seventeenth cen- tury, the Very Rev. Father Abbot Thomas, of the Cistercian Order, wrote a work in Germany, on the Holy Helpers, who were invoked at Lanchem, in the Diocese of Bamberg, under that title. He only names fourteen, from which list St. Magnus is excluded. Nor in the Mass peculiar to their festival is his name to be found.
132 Printed A. D. 1493.
133 In it is a Mass, with the title, De
Quatuordecim Adjutoribus Sanctis, although fifteen names are included in the Collect,
they
formed in The religious procession.
large statue of St. Magnus, adorned wgh
rich vestments, was set up in the middle of
the church, and it was an object of great
popular veneration. A solemn High Mass
was sung by the Abbot, in pontificals, with
his assistant ministers, or by some bishop,
who had been specially invited to officiate.
A select choir was chosen for the occasion,
and usually a distinguished and an eloquent
preacher was selected to eulogise the saint's
merits and virtues. Such devotion extended
thus :
"
Omnipotens ac mitissime Deus, qui
also to those cities, towns and parishes, missions gratiam,petitionis nostra; salutarem
where benefits had been obtained through
the intercession of St. Magnus.
consequamur effectum. Da nobis, Domine, veniam peccatorum, et ipsorum interceden- tibus meritis, ab omnibus adversitatibus libera, et deprecationes nostras benignus exaudi. Per Dominum, &C. In like manner, the name of St. Magnus is to be found in the Missal of the Dominicans
118
The first strophe thus commences :
11
Sydus refulget jam novum, Magni clarum solemniis, Germaniam et Galliam
Novo beat Apostolo. "
129 The Hymn for Matins is taken from that '
A. I).
Printed at Leida, A. I>.
ascribed to Ratpert, as given by Henricus
Canisius in "Antiqux Lectiones," tomos v.
1514.
,35 Among the Masses for averting various
calamities, is one healed, De Ouindecim Auxiliatoribus, and having the name of St.
Magnus included, with a Collect agreeing with that in the previous note. In the Secrets and Postcommunio, the same names occur.
The first verse runs as follows
"
:
Mire cunctorum Dens et Creator, Mitis et fortis solidator orbis, Vota servorum tibi subditorum
Accipe clemens. "
electos sanctos tuos, Georgium, Blasium,
Herasmum, Fantaleonem, Vitum, Christo-
ferum, Dionisium, Ciriacum, Achatium,
Eustachium, Magnum, Egidium, Mar-
garetam, Barbaram, et Katherinam,
specialibus privilegiis decorasti ; quivsumus,
ut omnes, qui in necessitatibus eorurn imploramus auxilium, secundum tuoe pro-
printed I
1550.
164 LIVES Ofi THE IRISH SAINTS. [September 6.
Holland, the name of St. Magnus is found added as a fifteenth '36 to the
fourteen Helpers most generally enumerated. By the German writers,
T J38
Babenstuber 37 and Francis Peter, Canon Regular of St. Augustine, St.
Magnus is called Auxiliator.
Although not mentioned in the Roman Martyrology, yet Notker Bal-
bulus '39 and many German Martyrologists commemorate this saint, at the
September.
"
Sanctus Magnus Algoiorum Apos-
work,
tolus, Germanorum communis Auxiliator. "
Thus, in the
of 140 of Martyrologies Rheinau, Augsburg,
1 -* 1 At the same date, he is noticed by Galesi- nius,I43 and by Bucelin. 144 The Bollandists had in their Library a number of German Diocesan Missals and Breviaries, which proved that veneration for St. Magnus obtained not alone in Suevia, but also in Bavaria, the circle oftheRhine,Franconia,Alsace,andBelgium. Nolessthansixteenofthose Breviaries are named, viz. , Mayence, and its suffragan Sees, Augsburg, Argentinensis, Saltzburg, Constance, Eistad, Spire, Worms ; also Vienna, in Austria, Pataviensis and Ratisbon, in Bavaria ; Wratislaviensis, in Silesia* Minden,inWestphalia,andCologne,ontheRhine. Tothesemaybeadded the two Belgian Breviaries of Tongres and Utrecht. There can hardly be a doubt, but that in other dioceses his cultus had spread, as to him was given the title "Auxiliator Germanise. " Among the Kalendars which Dominicus Geqrgius edited at Rome, in 1745, together with the Martyrology of Ado, two especially note this festival ; one of these called the Kalen- darium Palatino-Vaticanum, prefixed to a Sacramentary of St. Gregory, belonging to the twelfth century ; the other called Kalendariuin Mediola-
"
Sanctus Magnus Confessoris. " Not less frequent are entries in the Additions to Usuard, as Father Soller shows. Father Henry Fitz-simon '45 inscribes St. Magnus or Magdobaldus on his List of the Irish Saints, and ascribes his feast to the 6th of September. At the same date, he is in the Calendar of Conveus, and in that Anonymous
one, published by O'Sullevan Beare. 146
A secondary festival was held on the 22nd of March, which was that for
the Translation of his relics. At Schussenreidt, the same Office, as that on i
6th of
and of Treves,142 he is entered.
nense II. Both, at the present day, enter
136
the 8lh of August prefixes the name of the glorious Mother of God, to the fourteen
but among these, he has not in- eluded the name of Magnus.
In his additions to Usuard, Greven at
church of Treves, or perhaps of Belgium, In it is found, at the viii. Ides of September : "AdFauces, Magniconfessoris. "
" Ad Fauces, sancti Magni
Helpers
137 He thus describes our saint in his
**3 He writes
confessoris : qui sancti Galli discipulos,
;
:
proedicandi
ad pie agendum inflammavit, miraculorum que ac vita: religiose' arte l. uide nobilis in sanctos suinini Pontificis auctoritate ab
138 He writes: " Etiam apud longe (lis-
sitas et exteras nationes S. Magnus honoie,
festoque die solemniter colitur, interque eos
Divos, quos ob speciales quasdam proeroga-
tivas Auxiliatores —
vocamus, prresentissimus
patronus habetur. " "Suevia Ecclesiastica,"
p. 326.
139 He states: " Nativitas sancti Magni
confessoris, discipuli beati Galli, mirabiliset sanctissimi viri.
140 Thus: "VIII. Id. Sept. Natale sancti Magni confess. "
141 Thus, at the same day, that of the monastery of Uldaricus records "Magni conf. "
142 The Martyrology of St. Martin, which
Father Soller places among the Hierony-
mian ones. This he suspects to have been pendium," tomus i. , lib. iv. , cap. x. , xi. , pp. originally compiled for the use of some 48, 51, 55.
divino
munere multorum animos
episcopo Augustano adscriptus est. " '*4 "
lie writes: Decessit, ut annis, sic meritis cumulatissimus, in SUO, quod con- diderat, ad Fauces Fiiessen)
j
sit. " "Martyrologium '"
Benedictinum. "
Julias (vulgo
memoria coenobio tumulatus cujus apud
;
Germanos longe est celeberrima : ita ut propter continua miracula, quae per ejus veneramlas reliquias, tarn in agris, quam in amends et hominibus, passim patrantur, quatuordecim Sanctis, ut vocant Auxilia- TORIBUS, memorabili sane meritorum com- mend—atione, decimus quintoa ipse adjunctus
45See Catalogus Aliquorum Sanctorum Hibcrnia:. "
I46 See" Historic Catholics IbernneCom-
September 6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 165
the 6th of September, was recited ; except that in the Lessons of the Second Nocturn, the Sermo Venerabilis Eedae presbyteri in Natali S. Benedicti «4> was substituted, and a few minor changes took place. Nor was this the only honour paid to the memory of St. Magnus, as on every Thursday throughout
the year, not engaged for a double Office, a special Antiphon '*8 and x
Prayer «9 were prescribed, at Lauds and Vespers. Moreover, on every Tuesday, on which there was no proper Office, the Missa Major or Con- ventual Mass was sung in honour of St. Magnus, excepting the common suffrage occurring in Lauds and Vespers. '5°
The Acts of many early saints, and those even of gr? at celebrity in the Church, are occasionally obscure and defective, so that a critical writer must hesitate to assert as facts, what may prove at best to be only probable or possible conjectures. However, nearly all ancient history or biography, even that of the Pagan writers most admired, abounds in fallacies, with the flow of eloquent narrative. Nor would we be willing to lose the trend of those facts preserved, even though wreathed with their unsubstantial, imaginary and florid adornments. We have still more than enough of interesting material interwoven with the acts of St. Magnus, to illustrate the manners of his own and of subsequent ages ; nor should we permit to remain uncared for and unnoticed those traditionary and ancient documents, that have come down to our time, and that serve to perpetuate his virtues and miracles.
Article III. —St. Mac Cuilinn, Maculinus or Maculind, Bishop and Patron of Lusk, County of Dublin. [Fifth or Sixth Century. '] Much confusion exists in the documents and traditions which remain, regarding the time when the patron saint of Lusk flourished, and as to how far we can have reliance on his rather modernly transcribed Proper Office, still
in the
which it had been transcribed seems to have been lost.
.
»
"
Audiensa Domino Petrus," &c.
l & Antiphon : " Laudemus virum glorio- sum et parentem nostrum sanctum Magnum in generatione sua, cujus intuentes exitum, conversationis ejus sequamur vestigia. " V. Justum deduxit Dominus per vias rectas.
ft. Etostenditi11i regnumDei.
'*9
Oratio: Sancti Magni confessoris tui, quaesumus, Domine, mentis adjuvemur, ut quod possibilitas nostra non obtinet, ejus nobis intercessione donetur. Per Christum, &c.
147
viueret : in opes alere : pauperes recreare : nudis vestimenta triburere : esurientcs pascere : peregrinis et viduis, caeteraque
opera miserecordiaelargiresolebat. Deuiantes etiam et a via veritatis declinantes ; adspem fiduciae verbo suae predicationis reuocabat. In Dei templo quasi Lucifer aparuit Macu- linus : Quicquid enim erat in eo Dei virtute atque potentia mirabiliter refulcit. In Dei seruitio in ecclesia iugiter existebat, turn stando, turn orando : turn legendo : turn genua flectendo : continue laborando cor- pusque suum vigiliis jeiuniisque macerabat.
of Dublin. 1 Trinity College,
The from original
preserved
deemed it well to present the Latin Version,2 now published, as we believe,
Library
150 Father Evermod Lorinzer, who sup-
plied the foregoing information to the Insistent itaque diuino operi pietatis ;
Hollandists, adds:
"
Et haec de cultu S.
monasteria etoratoria iugiter con-
Patroni nostri tarn—
antiquo quam
moderno. "
ecclesias : tinueque
operatus
quas praesens libellus nequeat continere :
nee hominum linguae enucleare valeant. Tu autem Domine miserere nostri.
Lfctio 2DA
Igitur de beatissimi militis Maculini vita admirabili, pauca reuocemusad memoriam : qui multo iam tempore priusquam terris
Article hi.
classed E. , Tab. 3, No. 8, fol. 128, 129.
"On the margin of this transcript are the words Vita S. Macttlini, in a different hand- writing. The following are the Lessons :
Lectio ima.
eum Deus
In the
Manuscript
Tantas
per
est
vitutes,
Venerabilem hujus diei sanctissimam
memoriam recolentes quo gloriosus Christi
pontifex Maculinus, deposito carnis onere, innotuit virtutibus admirandum claruit. ad gaudia transmigravit aeterna. Qui dum Rex etenim quidem nobilissimus (brumen-
fabricando.
Quid plura
referam ?
Wherefore, we have
i66 LIVESOFTHEIRISHSAINTS. [September6.
for the first time, in the phraseology, and order here given ; but, lengthening the contraction of words, which occasionally occurs, and including within brackets those words which appear to be meaningless, or which probably are mistakes of the scribe. This narrative of the saint's Acts is
ill-digested and frequently obscure, even were the statements it contains to be relied
cium ? ) ortus ad Loth similitudem : ebrietate quamdiu ipse psalmos didicit
repletus : nefando scelere sororem premendo violauit : quae mox coYicepit in vtero : ac duos genuit filios. Ille autem sceleris iniquitatem celare est conatus ; inuentis illis
nequitiis grauioribus : unum ex illis dimisit : alium mater arripuit : quem nutriuit ac
baptizarifecit, Maculinumquevocauit: qui
literarum studhs est traditus: cepit moribus
florere, virtutibus et miraculis corruscare.
Quotidie sedulo insistendo orationibus et
vigiliis : corpusque suum jeiunijs macerando
non desistit. Sicque fama sancti perad-
jacentes circumquaque prouincias aduolavit.
Quid plura. Defuncto illius regionis episcopo
Maculinus ab omni clero et populo elegitur,
et infula pontificali sublimatur. Tu autem altera linguae, facundiam loquendi recepit. Domine miserere nostri. In eodem temporis momento, ejusdem regis
Lectio 3TRA. coniugem diaboli sagitta subito percussam ; idem gloriosus Dei famulus reuocauit ad In diebus illis erat quidam rex Rath- vitam. Eodem quoque die Rex nu-moratus ; lunensis Tugerna nomine, qui quidam Maculinum quum postulando de miraculis
virgunculam habuit forma et vultu pul-
cherimam : a quo etiam edictum exiit : ut
nemo thorum illius virgunculae violaret.
Vnus autem ex ejus militibus Amargen flores extulisset, maturos fructus protulit : nomine : optimus scil : faber ferrarius illam sinus vernali autumnalibus
eiusque tempore
cognouit. Quae mox concepit in vtero. Rex repleuerat nucibus. Tunc Rex glorihcauit
autem cum illam partui proximam, inter-
rogans earn de quo concepisset. At ilia statim confessa est. Tunc Rex valde iratus :
iussit alligari ambos, et in ignem mitti nudos. Sed qui cuncta condidit, hoc non
beatum Maculinum, eique partem terra. ' sine donauit.
Lectio 51A.
Post haec venerabilis Christi miles Macu-
protulit loquelam : claraque voce dixit ad
regem. <> Rex impie, imo crude] issime vnum congregati, ad sancti Maculini pedes
tyranne ! nequissimum sacrilegumque scelus
cateruatim prouoluu'ntur; qui omnes quasi ex vno ore dixerunt, Salua nos : at) ilia etiam
Nam ut dicam
fueris si hoc non consummaueris. Ac si
manifestius diceret, cur illos qui me feceruut ad vitam, detrudis ad mortem ? Rex autem perteritus, valdeque ad ineffabilem admi- ratus allocutionem, ait : quid sibi vult hoc novumprodigium? TuncRexjussitfabrum
ferrarium, cum virguncula praegnante, honorabiliter custodiri. Quae peperit (ilium
agere disponis.
acceptabilior
die euacuata est terra, nee
Sancti Maculini meritis liberati sunt.
Lectio 6ta.
Post haec autem et alia plura miracula quae
beatus Maculinus operatus est. reliquit Al-
baniam, et ut proposuit Roman adiit.
Gregorius autem tunc Apostolicam rexerat arcem. Cum vir Dei Maculinus peruenit
ad illam, qui cum episcopali diademate sanctum sublimate cepisset Maculinum, flamma cadens de ccelo intersit. Tunc
Gregorius de coelis per angelum admonitus, sancto ait Maculino, Reuertcre ad prouinciam tuam, et in loco quo reserecturus fueris ; a summo pontifici pontificali infula sublima-
sanctitate et vita laudabilem : in bonis operibusvigere, etin Dei ecclesia mirabiliter florere.
Lectio 4TA.
Post haec autem praedicti tresviri, beatum puerum ad fines Laginencium perduxerunt. Vbi inter ccetera,quae ibidem gessit miracula;
cepit
tamdiu Ac si de intus crebris ardentibus flammis videretur : nee non et de foris ardoribus solis feruen- tibus, eodem omnino habitu permanere fecit. Post ea vero monasterium illis
domum nine vestitam respexerit.
signauit : ibi aliquando tempore permansit. Denique Laginencium relinquendo partes Carbrinum adiuit, sancti Gregorii disci-
pulum, per cuius magisterium, evangelium et epistolam legit. Eodem tempore Rex quidam Acchoreus nomine sanctum Macu- linum rogauit vt orbatum luminibus filium,
necnon et filiam, videlicet, linguae ex parte curaret. Protinus autem orante beato Maculino : vnus illorum munera luminum,
amplius faciendis rogauit. Erat enim vemale
et illius dicto nonduin finito
sub cuius vmbra positi fuerant, priusquam
tempus,
:
c:>rylus
Fulmina enim et toniirui linus Albaniam petiit ; ibique aliquanti
permisit.
