No More Learning

xxii. 22. ) In 182, he served his bro- purely by the influence of barbarians. He was
ther in his war with Pharnaces. (Polyb. xxv. 4, 6. ) | born in Ionia, brought up as a Pagan (Philos-
In 171, with Eumenes and Athenaeus, he joined torgius, xii. 3), and received baptism from an Arian
the consul P. Licinius Crassus in Greece. (Liv. bishop. (Sozomen, Hist. Eccl. ix. 9. ) Having be-
xlii. 55, 58, 65. ) He was several times sent to come senator and praefect of the city at the time
Rome as ambassador: in B. C. 192, to announce of Alaric's second siege of Rome, he was, after the
that Antiochus had crossed the Hellespont (Liv. surrender of the place, declared emperor by the
xxxv. 23); in 181, during the war between Eume Gothic king and his army, in the place of Hono-
nes and Pharnaces (Polyb. xxv. 6); in 167, to con- rius, and conducted by them in state to Ravenna,
gratulate the Romans on their victory over Perseus. where he sent an insulting message to Honorius,
Eumenes being in ill-favour at Rome at this time, commanding him to vacate the throne, amputite
Attalus was encouraged with opes of getting the his extremities, and retire to a desolate island.
kingdom for himself; but was induced, by the re- (Philostorgius, xii. 3. ) But the union of pride and
monstrances of a physician named Stratius, to folly which he had shewn in the first days of his
abandon his designs. (Liv. xlv. 19, 20; Polyb. reign, by proposing to reannex Egypt and the East
xxx. 1-3. ) In 164 and 160, he was again sent to the empire (Sozomen, Hist. Eccl. ix. 8), and later
to Rome. (Polyb. xxxi. 9, xxxii. 3, 5. )
by adopting measures without Alaric's advice, in-
Attalus succeeded his brother Eumenes in B. c. duced the Gothic chief to depose him on the plain
159. His first undertaking was the restoration of of Ariminum. (Zosimus, vi. 6–13. ) After the
Ariarathes to his kingdom. (Polyb. xxxii. 23. ) death of Alaric, he remained in the camp of Ataul-
In 156, he was attacked by Prusias, and found phus, whom, as emperor, he had made count of the
himself compelled to call in the assistance of the domestics, and whose nuptials with Placidia he ce-
Romans and his allies, Ariarathes and Mithridates. lebrated as a musician. He was again put forward
In B. c. 154, Prusias was compelled by the threats | by Ataulphus as a rival emperor, during the insur-
of the Romans to grant peace, and indemnify At- rection of Jorinus, but on being abandoned by him
talus for the losses he bad sustained. (Polyb. iii. 5, (Olympiod. apud Phot. p. 58), was taken prisoner,
xxxii. 25, &c. , xxxiii. 1, 6, 10, 11; Appian, Mithr. and on being brought before the tribunal of Hono-
3, &c. ; Diod. xxxi. Exc. p. 589. ) In 152, he sent rius, was condemned to a sentence with which he
some troops to aid Alexander Balas in usurping the had himself threatened Honorius in his former pros-
throne of Syria (Porphyr. ap. Euseb. p. 187; Jus perity, viz. the amputation of his thumb and fore-
tin. xxxv. 1), and in 149 he assisted Nicomedes finger, and perpetual banishment to the island of
against his father Prusias. He was also engaged Lipari
, A. D. 416. (Philostorgius, xii. 4, with
in hostilities with, and conquered, Diegylis, a Thra- Godefroy's Dissertations. )
cian prince, the father-in-law of Prusias (Diod. There is in the British Museum a silver coin of
xxxiji. Exc. p. 595, &c. ; Strab. xiii. p. 624), and this emperor, once in the collection of Cardinal
sent some auxiliary troops to the Romans, which Albano, and supposed to be unique. It is remark-
assisted them in expelling the pseudo-Philip and able as exceeding in size all known ancient silver
in taking Corinth. (Strab. l. c. ; Paus. vii. 16. & 8. ) coins, and weighs about 1203 grains, and in the
During the latter part of his life, he resigned him- usual nuinismatic language would be represented
self to the guidance of his minister, Philopoemen. by the number 13.
(Plut. Mor. p. 792. ) He founded Philadelphia in The obverse is, PRISCUS. ATTALVS. P. F. AUG. ,
Lydia (Steph. Byz. s. v. ) and Attaleia in Pamphylia. a protome of Attalus, turned to the right, wearing
(Strab. xiv. p. 667. ) He encouraged the arts and a fillet ornamented with pearls round his forehead,
sciences, and was himself the inventor of a kind of and the palmlamentum fastened across the right
embroidery: (Plin. H. N. vii. 39, xxxv. 36. $ 19, shoulder with the usual bulla.
viii. 74; Athen. viii. p. 346, xiv. p. 634. ) He The reverse is, INVICTA. ROMA. AETERNA. R. V.
dicd B. C. 138, aged eighty-two.
Rome, helmeted and draped to the ſect, sit-
a


## p. 412 (#432) ############################################

412
ATTIANUS.
ATTICUS.
ܪ
f. de
nygaste
:
ting in front on a chair ornamented on each side | however, under the displeasure of the emperor.
with lions' heads; in the right hand she holds a (Spart. Hadr. 1, 4, 8, 15; Dion Cass. Ixix. 1. )
globe, on which a small Victory is standing and ATTICA. (Atticus, T. POMPONIUS. )
holding in her right hand a crown and in her left a A'TTICUS, ANTOʻNIUS, a Roman rhetori-
branch of palm; the left rests upon a spear with cian of the age of Seneca and Quintilian. (Senec.
a long iron head, and inverted. [A. P. S. ] Suas. 2. p. 19, ed. Bip. )
(L. S. )
A'TTICUS, bishop of CONSTANTINOPLE, was
born at Sebaste, now Sivas, in Armenia Minor.
He was educated in the ascetic discipline of the
Macedonian monks, under the eye of Eustathius, a
celebrated bishop of that sect. However, when
Atticus reached the age of manhood, he conformed
to the orthodox church. He was ordained a pres-
byter at Constantinople ; and in the violent con-
tentions between the friends and the enemies of
A'TTALUS, literary. 1. A Stoic philosopher the famous Chrysostom, he sided with the latter.
in the reign of Tiberius, who was defrauded of his After the death of Arsacius, who had been elevated
property by Sejanus, and reduced to cultivate the to the see of Constantinople on occasion of the se-
ground. (Senec. Suas. 2. p. 17, ed. Bip. ) He taught cond banishment of Chrysostom, Atticus succeeded
the philosopher Seneca (Ep. 108), who frequently to the office, although the illustrious exile was still
quotes him, and speaks of him in the highest terms. living. The ecclesiastical historians, Socrates and
(Comp. Nat. Quaest. ii. 50, Ep. 9, 63, 67, 72, 81, Sozomen, describe Atticus as a man of great na-
109. ) The elder Seneca describes him (Suas. l. c. ) tural prudence, and both of them testify that he
as a man of great eloquence, and by far the acutest administered the affairs of the church with wisdom
philosopher of his age.
We have mention of a and success. His learning seems to have been
work of his on lightning (Nat. Quaest. ii.
48); and respectable ; his preaching, we are told, was not
it is supposed that he may be the author of the attractive. His general manner was extremely
Mapovulai referred to by Hesychius (s. v. Kopívvovoi) winning, and he was particularly distinguished for
as written by one Attalus.
his liberality to the poor. On hearing that distress
2. A Sophist in the second century of the Chris- amounting almost to famine prevailed at Nicaea, he
tian era, the son of Polemon, and grandfather of sent a large sum of money for the relief of the suf-
the Sophist Hermocrates. (Philostr. Vit. Soph. ſering population, accompanied by a letter to Cal-
ii. 25. & 2. ) His name occurs on the coins of liopius, the bishop of the place, which is extant in
Smyrna, which are figured in Olearius's edition the Ecclesiastical History of Socrates. In his
of Philostratus (p. 609). They contain the in- treatment of heretics, he is said to have exhibited
scription ΑΤΤΑΛΟΣ ΣΟΦΙΣ. ΤΑΙΣ ΠΑΤΡΙΣΙ a judicious combination of kindness and severity.
EMTP. AAOK. , which is interpreted, “ Attalus, the He spoke charitably of the Novatians, and com-
Sophist, to his native cities Smyrna and Laodicea. ” mended their inflexible adherence to the true faith
The latter is conjectured to have been the place of under the persecutions of Constantius and Valens,
his birth, the former to have adopted him as a though he condemned their terms of communion as
citizen.
being in the extreme of rigour. It is recorded,
A'TTALUS ('Attamos), a physician at Rome however, by Marius Mercator that when Coelestius,
in the second century after Christ, who was a the well-known disciple of Pelagius, visited Con-
pupil of Soranus, and belonged to the sect of the stantinople, Atticus expelled him from the city,
Methodici. He is mentioned by Galen (de Meth. and sent letters to the bishops of various sees,
Med. xiii. 15. vol. x. p. 910, &c. ) as having mis warning them against him. He was himself laid
taken the disease of which the Stoic philosopher under sentence of excommunication by the western
Theagenes died.
(W. A. G. ] bishops for refusing to insert the name of the de
A'TTALUS ("Attalos), an Athenian statuary, ceased Chrysostom in the diptychs or church regis-
the son of Andragathus. Pausanias (ii. 19. & 3) ters. In the end, Atticus complied with the de-
mentions a statue of Apollo Lykeios, in the temple mand, and was again received into the communion
of that god at Argos, which was made by him. of the western churches. He is said by Socrates to
His name has been found on a statue discovered on have foretold his own death : the prophecy, how-
the site of the theatre at Argos (Böckh, Corp. Ins. ever, amounted to no more than this—that he told
No. 1146), and on a bust. (Welcker, Kunstblatt, his friend Calliopius that he should not survive the
1827, No. 82. )
(C. P. M. ] ensuing autumn; and the event corresponded with
ATTHIS or ATTIS (Ateis or ATTIS), a daugh- his prognostication. He died in the twenty-first
ter of Cranaus, from whom Attica, which was be- year of his episcopate. Gennadius informs us that
fore called Actaea, was believed to have derived its he wrote, in opposition to the Nestorian doctrine,
name. (Paus. i. 2. $ 5. ) The two birds into which an excellent treatise de Fide et Virginitate, which
Philomele and her sister Procne were metamor he dedicated ad Reginas, that is, to the daughters
phosed, were likewise called Attis. (Martiai, i. 54. of the eastern emperor, Arcadius. This work has
9, v. 67. 2. )
[L. S. ) perished; and nothing from the pen of Atticus has
ATTIA'NUS, CAE’LIUS, a Roman knight, survived, except the following short pieces: 1. A
was the tutor, and afterwards the intimate friend, letter to Cyril, bishop of Alexandria, exhorting
of Hadrian. On the death of Trajan, Attianus, in him to follow his own example, and insert the
conjunction with Plotina, caused Hadrian to be name of Chrysostom in the sacred tables. This is
proclaimed einperor; and the latter after his ac- preserved in the Church History of Nicephorus
cession enrolled Attianus in the senate, made him Callisti. 2. The above-mentioned letter to Callio-
praefectus praetorio, and conferred upon him the pius. 3. A few inconsiderable fragments extant
insignia of the consulship. He subsequently fell, in the writings of Marius Mercator and Theodoret,


## p. 413 (#433) ############################################

ATTICUS.
413
ATTICUS.
and the appendix to the acts of the council of raise up enemics, among whom Thcodotus and
Chalcedon. (Socrates, Hist. Eccl. vi. 20, rii. 25; | Demostratus made themselves most conspicuons.
Sozomen, Hist. Eccl. viii. 27; Theodoret, Hist. Eccl. His public as well as his private life was attacked
v. 3; Marius Mercator, Opera, ed. Baluz. pp. 133, in various ways, and numerous calumpies were
184, 185; Gennadius, de Viris Illustribus, c. 52; spread concerning him. Theodotus and Demos
Nicephorus Callisti, xiv. 26. ) [J. M. M. ] tratus wrote speeches to irritate the people against
A'TTICUS, CU'RTIUS, a Roman knight, him, and to excite the emperor's suspicion
was one of the few companions wbom Tiberius respecting his conduct. Atticus Herodes, there-
took with him when he retired from Rome to Ca- fore, found it necessary to travel to Sirmium,
preae in A. D. 26. Six years afterwards, A. D. 32, where M. Aurelius was staying ; he refuted the
Atticus fell a victim to the arts of Sejanus. (Tac. accusations of the Athenian deputies, and only
Ann. iv. 58, vi. 30. ) He is supposed by Lipsius some of his freedmen were punished. These an-
to be the same as the Atticus to whom two of noyances at last appear to have induced him to
Ovid's Epistles from Pontus (ii. 4, 7) are ad- retire from public life, and to spend his remaining
dressed.
years in his villa Cephisia, near Marathon, sur-
A'TTICUS, DIONY'SIUS, of Pergamus, a rounded by his pupils. The emperor M. Aurelius
pupil of the celebrated Apollodorus of Pergamus, sent him a letter, in which he assured him of his
who was also the teacher of Augustus. [APOLLO unaltered esteem. In the case of Atticus Herodes
DORUS, No. 22. ) He was himself a teacher of the Athenians drew upon themselves the just
rhetoric, and the author of several works, in which charge of ingratitude, for no man had ever done so
he explained the theory of his master. It would much to assist his fellow-citizens and to embellish
appear from bis surname that he resided at Athens Athens at his own expense. Among the great
(Strab. xiii. p. 625; Quintil. iii. 1. § 18. )
architectural works with which he adorned the
A'TTICUS HERO'DES, TIBEʻRIUS CLAU'- city, we may mention a race-course (stadium) of
DIUS, the most celebrated Greek rhetorician of white Pentelic marble, of which ruins are still ex-
the second century of the Christian era, was born tant; and the magnificent theatre of Regilla, with
about A. D. 104, at Marathon in Attica. He be a roof made of cedar-wood. His liberality, how-
longed to a very ancient family, which traced its ever, was not confined to Attica : at Corinth he
origin to the fabulous Aeacidae. His father, built a theatre, at Olympia an aqueduct, at Delphi
whose name was likewise Atticus, discovered on a race-course, and at Thermopylae a hospital. He
bis estate a hidden treasure, which at once made further restored with his ample means several
him one of the wealthiest men of his age. His decayed towns in Peloponnesus, Boeotia, Euboea,
son Atticus Herodes afterwards increased this and Epeirus, provided the town of Canusium in
wealth by marrying the rich Annia Regilla. Old Italy with water, and built Triopium on the
Atticus left in his will a clause, according to which Appian road. It also deserres to be noticed, that
every Athenian citizen was to receive yearly one he intended to dig a canal across the isthmus of
mina out of his property ; but his son entered into Corinth, but as the emperor Nero had entertained
a composition with the Athenians to pay them the same plan without being able to execute it,
once for all five minas each. As Atticus, however, Atticus gave it up for fear of exciting jealousy and
in paying the Athenians, deducted the debts which envy. His wealth, generosity, and still more his
sume citizens owed to his father, they were exas skill as a rhetorician, spread his fame over the
perated against him, and, notwithstanding the whole of the Roman world. He is believed to
great benefits he conferred upon Athens, bore him have died at the age of 76, in A. D. 180.
a grudge as long as he lived.
If we look upon Atticus Herodes as a man, it
Atticus Herodes received a very careful educa- must be owned that there scarcely ever was a
tion, and the most eminent rhetoricians of the wealthy person who spent bis property in a more
time, such as Scopelianus, Favorinus, Secundus, generous, noble, and disinterested manner. The
and Polemon, were among his teachers : he was Athenians appear to hare felt at last their own in-
instructed in the Platonic philosophy by Taurus gratitude; for, after his death, when his freedmen
Tyrius, and in the critical study of eloquence by wanted to bury him, according to his own request,
Theagenes of Cnidus and Munatius of Tralles. at Marathon, the Athenians took away his body,
After completing his studies, he opened a school of and buried it in the city, where the rhetorician
rhetorie at Athens, and afterwards at Rome also, Adrianus delivered the funeral oration over it.
where Marcus Aurelius, who ever after entertained Atticus's greatest ambition was to shine as a rhe
a high esteem for him, was among his pupils. In torician; and this ambition was indeed so strong,
A. D. 143 the emperor Antoninus Pius raised him that on one occasion, in his early life, when he bad
to the consulship, together with C. Bellicius Tor- delivered an oration before the emperor Hadrian,
quatus; but as Atticus cared more for his fame as who was then in Pannonia, he was on the point of
a rhetorician than for high offices, he afterwards throwing himself into the Danube because his at-
returned to Athens, whither he was followed by a tempt at speaking had been unsuccessful. This
great number of young men, and whither L. Verus failure, however, appears to have proved a stimulus
also was sent as his pupil by the emperor M. Aure to liim, and he became the greatest rhetorician of
lius. For a time Atticus was entrusted with the his century. His success as a teacher is sufficiently
administration of the free towns in Asia ; the exact attested by the great number of his pupils, most of
period of his life when he held this office is not known, whom attained some degree of eminence. His own
though it is believed that it was A. D. 125 when he orations, which were delivered extempore and with-
hiinself was little more than twenty years of age. At out preparation, are said to bare excelled those of
a later time he performed the functions of high all his contenporaries by the dignity, fulness, and
priest at the festivals celebrated at Athens in elegance of the style. (Gell. i. 2, ix. 2, xix. 12. )
honour of M. Aurelius and L. Verus. The wealth Philostratus praises his oratory for its pleasing and
and influence of Atticus Herodes did not fail to harmonious flow, as well as for its simplicity and


## p. 414 (#434) ############################################

414
ATTICUS.
ATTICUS.
power. The loss of the works of Atticus renders | but they may have been written by Herodes
it impossible for us to form an independent opinion, Atticus.
and even if they had come down to us, it is doubt- A'TTICUS, T. POMPOʻNIUS, was born at
ful whether we could judge of them as favourably Rome, B. C. 109, three years before Cicero,
as the ancients did; for we know, that although he and was descended from one of the most an-
did not neglect the study of the best Attic orators, cient equestrian families in the state. His
yet he took Critias as his great model. Among his proper name after his adoption by Q. Caecilius,
numerous works the following only are specified by the brother of his mother, was Q. Caecilius Q. F.
the ancients: 1. Nóyou avtorxédion, or speeches Pomponianus Atticus, by which name Cicero ad-
which he had delivered extempore. 2. Alaréters, dressed him when he congratulated him on his acces-
treatises or dialogues, one of which was probably sion to the inheritance of his uncle. (Ad Att. ij.
the one mentioned in the Etymologicum Magnum 20. ) His surname, Atticus, was probably given
(s. τ. άρσης) περί γάμου συμβιώσεως. 3. Εφημερίδες, hirn on account of his long residence in Athens
or diaries. 4. ʼETLOTOAal.