No More Learning

the bill.

to him.

By this act of uniformity there was an end put to
all the liberty and license, which had been practised
in all churches from the time of his majesty's re-

* not] Not in MS.



140 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1662. turn, and by his declaration that he had emitted
~~ afterwards. The Common Prayer must now be con-
stantly read in all churches, and no other form ad-
mitted : and what clergyman soever did not fully
conform to whatsoever was contained in that book,
or enjoined by the act of uniformity, by or before
St. Bartholomew-day, which was about three months
after the act was published ; he was ipso facto de-
prived of his benefice, or any other spiritual promo-
tion of which he stood possessed, and the patron was
to present another in his place, as if he were dead:
so that it was not in the king's power to give any
dispensation to any man, that could preserve him
against the penalty in the act of uniformity.

This act was no sooner published, (for I am will-
ing to continue this relation to the execution of it,
because there were some intervening accidents that
were not understood,) than all the presbyterian min-
isters expressed their disapprobation of it with all
The presby. the passion imaginable. They complained, " that

terian min- r J r

isters com- " the king had violated his promise made to them
" in his declaration from Breda," which was urged
with great uningenuity, and without any shadow of

ration. right; for his majesty had thereby referred the
whole settlement of all things relating to religion, to
the wisdom of parliament ; and declared, " in the
" mean time, that nobody should be punished or
" questioned, for continuing the exercise of his re-
" ligion in the way he had been accustomed to in the
" late confusions. " And his majesty had continued
this indulgence by his declaration after his return,
and thereby fully complied witji his promise from
Breda ; which he should indeed have violated, if he
had now refused to concur in the settlement the



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 141

parliament had agreed upon, being in truth no less 1662.
obliged to concur with the parliament in the settle- ~~
ment that the parliament should propose to him,
than he was not to cause any man to be punished
for not obeying the former laws, till a new settle-
ment should be made. But how evident soever this
truth is, they would not acknowledge it ; but armed
their proselytes with confident assertions, and un-
natural interpretations of the words in the king's
declaration, as if the king were bound to grant li-
berty of conscience, whatever the parliament should
or should not desire, that is, to leave all men to live
according to their own humours and appetites, let
what laws soever be made to the contrary. They
declared, " that they could not with a good con-
" science either subscribe the one or the other de-
" claration : they could not say that they did assent
" or consent in the first, nor declare in the second
f< that there remained no obligation from the cove-
" nant ; and therefore that they were all resolved to
" quit their livings, and to depend upon Providence
" for their subsistence. "

There cannot be a better evidence of the general The act '"

general well

affection of the kingdom, than that this act of par- received,
liament had so concurrent an approbation of the
two houses of parliament, after a suppression of that
form of devotion for near twenty years, and the
highest discountenance and oppression of all those
who were known to be devoted or affected to it. And
from the time of the king's return, when it was law-
ful to use it, though it was not enjoined, persons of
all conditions flocked to those churches where it
was used. And it was by very many sober men be-
lieved, that if the presbyterians and the other fac-



142 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1662. tions in religion had been only permitted to exercise

~ their own ways, without y any countenance from the

court, the heart of all the factions against the church

would have been broken, before the parliament did

so fully declare itself.

Reflections And there cannot be a greater manifestation of

on the be- D

of the distemper and license of the time, than the pre-
- sumption of those presbyterian ministers, in the
opposing and contradicting an act of parliament;
when there was scarce a man in that number, who
had not. been so great a promoter of the rebellion,
or contributed so much to it, that they had no
other title to their lives but by the king's mercy ;
and there z were very few amongst them, who had
not come into the possession of the churches they
now held, by the expulsion of the orthodox min-
isters who were lawfully possessed of them, and who
being by their imprisonment, poverty, and other
kinds of oppression and contempt during so many
years, departed this life, the usurpers remained un-
disturbed in their livings, and thought it now the
highest tyranny to be removed from them, though
for offending the law, and disobedience to the go-
vernment. That those men should give themselves
an act of oblivion of all their transgressions and
wickedness, and take upon them again to pretend a
liberty of conscience against the government, which
they had once overthrown upon their pretences ;
was such an impudence, as could not have fallen
into the hearts even of those men from the stock of
their own malice, without some great defect in the
government, and encouragement or countenance

v "without] with 7 there] that there



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 143

from the highest powers. The king's too gracious 1662.
disposition and easiness of access, as hath been said ~~
before, had from the beginning raised their hopes
and dispelled their fears ; whilst his majesty pro-
mised himself a great harvest in their conversion, by
his gentleness and affability. And they insinuated
themselves by a profession, " that it was more the
" regard of his service, than any obstinacy in them-
" selves, which kept them from conformity to what
" the law had enjoined ; that they might still pre-
" serve their credit with their parishioners, and by
" degrees bring them to a perfect obedience :" where-
as indeed all the corruption was in the clergy ; and
where a prudent and orthodox man was in the pul-
pit, the people very willingly heard the Common
Prayer.

Nor did this confidence leave them, after the pass- They have
ing and publishing this act of uniformity : but the access^
London ministers, who had the government of those th
in the country, prevailed with the general (who
without any violent inclinations of his own was al-
ways ready for his wife's sake) to bring them to the
king, who always received them with too much cle-
mency, and dismissed them with too much hope.
They lamented " the sadness of their condition,
" which (after having done so much service to his
" majesty, and been so graciously promised by him
" his protection) must now be exposed to all misery
" and famine. " They told him " what a vast num-
" ber of churches" (five times more than was true)
" would become void by this act, which would not
" prove for his service ; and that they much feared,
" the people would not continue as quiet and peace-
" able as they had been under their oversight. " They



144 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1662. used all the arguments they thought might work
~~ upon him ; and he seemed to be the more moved,
because he knew that it was not in his power to
help them. He told them, " he had great compas-
" sion for them ; and was heartily sorry that the
" parliament had been so severe towards them,
" which he would remit, if it were in his power ;
" and therefore that they should advise with their
" friends, and that if they found that it would be in
" his power to give them any ease, they should find
" him inclined to gratify them in whatsoever they
" desired :" which gracious expressions raised their
spirits as high as ever ; and they reported to their
friends much more than in truth the king had said
to them, (which was no new artifice with them,)
and advised their friends in all parts " to be firm to
" their principles," and assured them, " that the ri-
" gour of the act of parliament should not be pressed
" against them. "

It cannot be denied, that the king was too irre-
solute, and apt to be shaken in those counsels which
with the greatest . deliberation a he had concluded,
by too easily permitting, or at least not restraining,
any men who waited upon him, or were present
with him in his recesses, to examine and censure
what was resolved ; an infirmity that brought him
many troubles, and exposed his ministers to ruin :
though in his nature, judgment, and inclinations, he
did detest the presbyterians ; and by the experience
he had of their faculties, pride, and insolence in
Scotland, had brought from thence such an abhor-
rence of them, that for their sakes he thought

a deliberation] declaration



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 145

better of any of the other factions. Nor had he any ] 662.

kindness for any person whom he suspected to ad-

here to them : for the lord Lautherdale took all
pains to be thought no presby terian ; . and pleased
himself better with no humour, than laughing at
that people, and telling ridiculous stories of their
folly and fold corruptions. Yet the king, from the
opinion he had of their great power to do him good
or harm, which was oftentimes unskilfully insinuated
to him by men who he knew were not of their*
party, but were really deceived themselves by a
wrong computation and estimate of their interest,
was not willing to be thought an enemy to them.
And there were too many bold speakers about the
court, too often admitted into his presence, who be-
ing without any sense of religion, thought all rather
ought to be permitted, than to undergo any trouble
and disturbance on the behalf of any one.

The continued address and importunity of these
ministers, as St. Bartholomew's day approached
nearer, more disquieted the king. They enlarged
with many words " on the great joy that they and
" all their friends had received, from the compas-
" sion his majesty so graciously had expressed on
" their behalf, which they would never forget, or
" forfeit by any undutiful carriage. " They confessed
" that they found, upon conference with their friends
" who wished them well, and upon perusal of the
" act of parliament, that it was not in his majesty's
" power to give them so much protection against
" the penalty of the act of parliament, as they had
" hoped, and as his great goodness was inclined to
" give them. But that it would be an unspeakable
" comfort to them, if his majesty's grace towards

VOL. II. L



146 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1662. " them were so manifested, that the people might
" discern that this extreme rigour was not grateful
" to him, but that he could be well content if it
" were for some time suspended ; and therefore they
" were humble suitors to him, that he would by his
" letters to the bishops, or by a proclamation, or an
" act of council, or any other way his majesty should
" think fit, publish his desire that the execution of
" the act of uniformity, as to all but the reading of
" the Liturgy, which they would conform to, might
" be suspended for three months ; and that he would
" take it well from the bishops or any of the pa-
" trons, who would so far comply with his desire, as
" not to take any advantage of those clauses in the
" statute, which gave them authority to present as
" in a vacancy. They doubted not there would be
" many, who would willingly submit to his majesty's
" pleasure : but whatever the effect should be, they
" would pay the same humble acknowledgments to
" his majesty, as if it had produced all that they
" desired. "

Whether his majesty thought it would do them
no good, and therefore that it was no matter if he
granted it; or that he thought it no prejudice to
the church, if the act were suspended for three
months ; or that he was willing to redeem himself
from the present importunity, (an infirmity he was
too often guilty of;) true it is, he did make them a
The king positive promise, " that he would do what they de-
" sired ;" with which they were abundantly satis-

d, and renewed their encouragement to their
friends " to persevere to the end. " And this pro-
mise was solemnly given to them in the presence of
the general, who was to solicit the king's despatch,



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 147

that his pleasure might be known in due time. It 1662.
was now the long vacation, and few of the council
were then in town, or of the bishops, with whom
his majesty too late thought it necessary to confer,
that such an instrument might be prepared as was
fit for the affair. Hereupon the king told the chan-
cellor (who was not thought friend enough to the
presbyterians to be sooner communicated with) all
that had passed, what the ministers had desired,
and what he had promised ; and bade him " to
" think of the best way of doing it. "

The chancellor was one of those, who would have
been glad that the act had not been clogged with
many of those clauses, which he foresaw might pro-
duce some inconveniences; but when it was passed, he
thought it absolutely necessary to see obedience paid
to it without any connivance : and therefore, as he
had always dissuaded the king from giving so much
countenance to those applications, which he always
knew published more to be said than in truth was
ever spoken, and was the more troubled for this
progress they had made with the king ; he told his
majesty, " that it was not in his power to preserve
" those men, who did not submit to do all that was
" to be done by the act, from deprivation. " He
gave many reasons which occurred, why " such a
" declaration as was desired would prove ineffectual
" to the end for which it was desired,, and what
" inconveniences would result from attempting it. "
His majesty alleged many reasons for the doing it,
which he had received from those who desired it,
and seemed sorry that they were no better ; how-
ever concluded, " that he had engaged his word, and
" that he would perform what he had promised ;"

L 2



148 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1662. and required him not to oppose it. The chancellor
~~ had always been very tender of his honour ; and ad-
vised him " to be very wary in making any promise,
" but when he had made it, to perform it, though
" to his disadvantage :" and it was no new thing to
him, to be reproached for opposing the resolving to
do such or such a thing, and then to be reproached
again for pursuing the resolution.

The king was at Hampton-court, and sent for
the archbishop of Canterbury, the bishops of London
and of Winchester, to attend him, with the chief
justice Bridgman, and the attorney general : there
were likewise the chancellor, the general, the duke
of Ormond, and the secretaries. His majesty ac-
quainteol them with " the importunities used by the
" London ministers, and the. reasons they had of-
" fered why a further time should be given to them
" to consider of what was so new to them ; and
" what answer he had given to them ; and how they
" had renewed their importunity with a desire of
" such a declaration from him as is mentioned be-
" fore, in which he thought there was no inconve-
HC endea- " nience, and therefore had promised to do it, and

vours to

fulfil his " called them now together to advise of the best
" way of doing it. " The bishops were very much
troubled, that those fellows should still presume to
give his majesty so much vexation, and that they
should have such access to him. They gave such
arguments against the doing what was desired, as
could not be answered; and for themselves, they
desired " to be excused for not conniving in any
" degree at the breach of the act of parliament,
" either by . not presenting a clerk where themselves
" were patrons, or deferring to give institution upon



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 149

" the presentation of others b : and that his majesty's 1 662.
" giving such a declaration or recommendation would ~~
" be the greatest wound to the church, and to the
" government thereof, that it could receive. "

The chancellor, who did really believe that the
king and his service would suffer more by the breach
of his word and promise, than either could do from
doing the thing desired, confessed " that he believed
" it would do them little good, which would not be
" imputed to his majesty, when he had done all he
" could do ; and that it would be a greater conform-
" ity, if the ministers generally performed what they
" offered to do, in reading all the service of the
" church, than had been these many years ; and that
" once having done what was known to be so con-
" trary to their inclinations, would be an engage-
" ment upon them in a short time to comply with
" the rest of their obligations : and therefore," he
said, " he should not dissuade his majesty from do-
" ing what he had promised ;" which indeed he had
good reason to think he was resolved to do, what-
ever he was advised to the contrary. The king de-
manded the judgment of the lawyers, " whether he
" could legally dispense with the observation of the
" act for three months;" who answered, " that not- But finds it
" withstanding any thing he could do in their fa-pwer.
" vour, the patrons might present their clerk as if
" the incumbents were dead, upon their not-perform-
" ance of what they were enjoined. " Upon the
whole matter the king was converted; and with
great bitterness against that people in general, and
against the particular persons whom he had always

b of others] Not in MS.
L 3



150 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1662. received too graciously, concluded that he would not
~" do what was desired, and that the connivance should
not be given to any of them.

The bishops departed full of satisfaction with the
king's resolution, and as unsatisfied with their friend
the chancellor's inclination to gratify that people,
not knowing the engagement that was upon him.
And this jealousy produced a greater coldness from
some of them towards him, and a greater resent-
ment from him, who thought he had deserved better
from their function and their persons, than was in
a long time, if ever, perfectly reconciled. Yet he
never declined in the least degree his zeal for the
government of the church, or the interest of those
The great persons ; nor thought they could be blamed for their
uuiTy ofthe sever *ty against those ministers, who were surely
presbyte- ^he proudest malefactors, and the most incapable of

nan mm- i

isters. being gently treated, of any men living. For if any
of the bishops used them kindly, and endeavoured
to persuade them to conformity, they reported " that
" they had been caressed and flattered by the bishops,
" and offered great preferments, which they had
" bravely refused to accept for the preservation of a
" good conscience :" and in reports of this kind, few
of them ever observed any rules of ingenuity or
sincerity.

They en- When they saw that they were to expect and
ndsedis- undergo the worst, they agreed upon a method to
the people! ^ observed by them in the leaving and parting with
their pulpits : and the last Sunday they were to
preach, they endeavoured to infuse murmur, jealousy,
and sedition, into the hearts of their several audito-
ries ; and to prepare them " to expect and bear with
" patience and courage all the persecutions which



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 151

** were like to follow, now the light of the gospel 1662.
" was so near being extinguished. " And all those""
sermons they called their farewell sermons, and
caused to be printed together, with every one of the
preachers' pictures before their sermons ; which in
truth contained all the vanity and ostentation with
reference to themselves, and all the insinuations to
mutiny and rebellion, that could be warily couched
in words which could not be brought within penalty
of law, though their meaning was well understood.

When the time was expired, better men were put
into their churches, though with much murmuring
of some of their parishes for a time, increased by
their loud clamour, " that they had been betrayed
" by the king's promise that they should have three
" months longer time :" which drew the like clamour
upon them by those, who had hearkened to their
advice in continuing their obstinacy in confidence of
a dispensation ; whereas otherwise they would have
conformed, as very many of their party did. And
many of the other who were cozened by them, and
so lost the livings they had, made all the haste they
could to make themselves capable of getting others,
by as full subscriptions and conformity as the act of
uniformity required. And the greatest of them, At length
after some time, and after they found that the pri-JJ^ "on-
vate bounty and donatives, which at first flowed in form -
upon them in compassion of their sufferings and to .
keep up their courages, every day begun to slacken,
and would in the end expire, subscribed to those
very declarations, which they had urged as the
greatest motives to their nonconformity. And the
number was very small, and of very weak and in-
considerable men, that continued refractory, and

L 4



152 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1662. received no charge in the church: though it may
""without breach of charity be believed, that many
who did subscribe had the same malignity to the
church, and to the government of it ; and it may be
did more harm, than if they had continued in their
inconformity.

Great ani- The long time spent in both houses upon the act
of uniformity had made the progress of all other
public business much the slower; or rather, the
multitude of private bills which depended there,
(and with which former parliaments had been very
rarely troubled,) and the bitterness and animosities
which arose from thence, exceedingly disquieted and
discomposed the house ; every man being so much
concerned for the interest of his friends or allies,
that he was more solicitous for the despatch of those,
than of any which related to the king and the pub-
lic, which he knew would by a general concurrence
be all passed before the session should be made;
whereas if the other should be deferred, the session
would quickly follow, (which the king by frequent
messages desired to hasten, having received news
already of the queen's having been at sea many
days,) and the benefit of those pretences would be
lost, and with greater difficulty be recovered in a
succeeding session. Then as those private bills were
for the particular benefit and advantage of some per-
sons, which engaged all their friends to be very so-
licitous for their despatch ; so for the most part they
were to the loss and damage of other persons, who
likewise called in aid of all their friends to prevent
the houses' consent: and by this means so many
factions were kindled in both houses, between those
who drove on the interest of their own or of their



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 153

relations, who mutually looked upon one another as 1662.
enemies, and against those who for justice and the""
dignity of parliament would have rejected all or most
of the addresses of that kind ; that in most debates
which related to neither, the custom of contradic-
tion, and the aversion to persons, very much dis-
turbed and prolonged all despatch.

It cannot be denied, that after a civil war of so
many years, prosecuted with that height of malice
and revenge ; so many houses plundered and so
many burned, in which the evidences of many estates
were totally destroyed, and as many by the unskil-
ful providence of others, who in order to preserve
them had buried their writings so unwarily under
ground, that they were taken up so defaced or rotted,
that they could not be pleaded in any court of jus-
tice ; many who had followed the king in the war,
and so made themselves liable to those penalties
which the parliament had prepared for them and
subjected them to, had made many feigned convey-
ances, with such limitations and so absolutely, (that
no trust might be discovered by those who had power
to avoid it,) that they were indeed too absolute to
be avoided by themselves, and their estates become
so much out of their own disposal, that they could
neither apply them to the payment of their just
debts, or to the provision for their children ; I say,
there were many such cases, which could be no other
way provided for but by an act of parliament, and
to which an act of parliament, without too much
severity and rigour, could not be denied. And
against any of those there appeared none or very
little opposition to be made.

But the example and precedent of such drew



154 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF -

1662. with them a world of unreasonable pretences ; and
"they, who were not in a condition to receive relief
in any court of justice, thought they had a ground
to appeal to parliament. They who had been com-
pelled, for raising the money they were forced to pay
for their delinquency, to sell land, and could not
sell it but at a very low value, (for it was one spe-
cies of the oppression of that time, that when a
powerful man had an aspect upon the land of any
man who was to compound, and so in view like to
sell it, no other man would offer any money for it,
so that he was sure at last to have it upon his own
price ;) now all that monstrous power was vanished,
they who had made those unthrifty bargains and
sales, though with all the formalities of law, by fines
and recoveries and the like, (which is all the secu-
rity that can be given upon a purchase,) especially
if the purchaser was of an ill name, came with all
imaginable confidence to the parliament, to have
their land restored to them c . Every man had
raised an equity in his own imagination, that he
thought ought to prevail against any descent, testa-
ment, or act of law ; and that whatever any man
had been brought to do, which common reason
would make manifest that he would never have
done if he could have chosen, was argument suf-
ficient of such a force, and ought to find relief in
parliament, from the unbounded equity they were
masters of and could dispense, whatever formalities
of law had preceded or accompanied the transaction.
And whoever opposed those extravagant notions,
which sometimes deprived men of the benefit of the

c them] him



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 155

act of oblivion, was thought to be without justice, 1662.
or which to them was worse, to be without any""
kindness to the king's party. And without ques-
tion, upon those motives, or others as unreasonable,
many acts were passed of very ill example, and
which many men were scandalized at in the pre-
sent, and posterity will more censure hereafter,
when infants who were then unborn shall find
themselves disinherited of those estates, which their
ancestors had carefully provided should descend to
them ; upon which irregularities the king made re-
flection when he made the session.

But notwithstanding all these incongruities, and The pariia-

, . ,. . . -i i 111 i ment pro-

the indispositions which attended them, they per- ceeds with
formed all those respects towards the king, which
he did or could expect from them ; there being king
scarce a man, who opposed the granting any thing
that was proposed for the benefit of his majesty, or
the greatness of the crown : and though some of
the particulars mentioned before did sometimes in-
tervene, to hinder and defer the present resolutions
and conclusions in those counsels, the resolutions
and conclusions in a short time after succeeded ac-
cording to the king's wish. The militia and many
other regalities were declared and settled according
to the original sense of the law, and the authority
of the crown vindicated to the height it had been at
upon the heads of the greatest kings who had ever
reigned in the nation. Monies were raised by seve-
ral bills, sufficient as they conceived to have paid
all the debts the king or the kingdom owed ; for in
their computations they comprehended the debts
that were owing before his majesty's return, and for
which the public faith had been engaged : and if as



156 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1662. much had been paid as they conceived they had
""given, probably it might have been enough to have
discharged all those. They settled a constant re-
venue upon the crown, which according to the esti-
mate they made would amount to the yearly re-
venue of twelve hundred thousand pounds, a pro-
portion double to what it was in the reign of queen
Elizabeth, and it may be of any king preceding ;
and declared, " that if it did not amount to that full
" value, they would supply it at another meeting. "
And though it hath not in truth amounted to that
sum in his majesty's receipts, the parliament hath
imputed it rather to ill managery, and letting farms
at too easy rates, than to an error in their computa-
tion. For the present, it was looked upon by the
king and by his ministers as answerable to his ex-
pectation. And so, upon notice of the queen's
being upon the coast, and afterwards of her arrival
at Portsmouth, the king appointed the houses to
present all their bills to him upon the nineteenth of
May for his royal assent, it being few days above a
year from the time of their being first convened.

When the king came to the parliament, and they
had presented the great number of bills which they
had prepared, and after he had given his royal as-
The king's sent to most of them, his majesty told them, " that
" h tnou ght there had been very few sessions of
parliament, in which there had been so many bills,
" as he had passed that day : he was confident.
" never so many private bills, which he hoped they
" would not draw into example. It was true," he
said, " the late ill times had driven men into great
" straits, and might have obliged them to make
" conveyances colourably, to avoid inconveniences,



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 157

" and yet not afterwards to be avoided ; and men j 662.
" had gotten estates by new and greater frauds than
" had been heretofore practised ; and therefore in
" this conjuncture extraordinary remedies might be
" necessary; which had induced him to comply
" with their advice in passing those bills : but he
" prayed them that this should be rarely done here-
" after : that the good old rules of the law are the
" best security ; and he wished that men might not
" have too much cause to fear, that the settlements
" which they make of their estates shall be too ea-
" sily unsettled when they are dead by the power
" of parliament. "

He said, " they had too much obliged him, not
" only in the matter of those bills which concerned
" his revenue, but in the manner of passing them,
" with so great affection and kindness, that he knew
" not how to thank them enough. He did assure
" them, and prayed them to assure their friends in
*' the country, that he would apply all that they had
" given to him, to the utmost improvement of the
" peace and happiness of the kingdom ; and that he
" would, with the best advice and good husbandry
" he could, bring his own expenses within a nar-
" rower compass. " And he said, " now he was
" speaking to them of his own good husbandry, he
" must tell them, that would not be enough ; he
" could not but observe, that the whole nation
" seemed to him a little corrupted in their excess
" of living. All men spend much more in their
" clothes, in their diet, in all their expenses, than
" they had used to do. He hoped it had only been
" the excess of joy after so long sufferings, that had
" transported him and them to those other ex-



158 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1662. " cesses; but," he desired them, "vthat they might
~ " all take heed that the continuance of them did not
" indeed corrupt their natures. He did believe that
" he had been that way very faulty himself: he
" promised that he would reform, and that if they
"would join with him in their several capacities,
" they would by their examples do more good, both
" in city and country, than any new laws would
" do. " He said many other good things that pleased
them, and no doubt he intended all he said ; but the
ways and expedients towards good husbandry were
no where pursued.
The chan. The chancellor, by the king's command, enlarged

cellor's "

speech. upon " the general murmurs upon the expense, and
" that it should so much exceed all former times. "
He put them in mind, " how the crown had been
" used since those times, how the king had found it
" at his blessed return : that as soon as he came hi-
" ther, besides the infinite sums that he forgave, he
" gave more money to the people than he had since
" received from them," (he meant, I suppose, the
release of all the rents, debts, and receipts which
were due to him ;) " that at least two parts of three
" that they had since given him had issued for the
" disbanding of armies never raised by him, and for
" payment of fleets never sent out by him, and of
" debts never incurred by him. " He put them in
mind " of the vast disparity between the former
" times and these in which they now lived, and
" consequently of d the disproportion in the expense
" the crown was now at, for the protection and be-
" nefit of the subject, to what it formerly under-

' of] in



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 159

" went. How great a difference there was in the 15(52.

" present greatness and power of the two crowns,

" and what they had been then possessed of, was
" evident to all men ; and if the greatness and power
" of the crown of England should not be in some
" proportion improved too, it might be liable to in-
" conveniences it would not undergo alone. How
" our neighbours and our rivals, who court one and
" the same mistress, trade and commerce, with all
" the world, are advanced in shipping, power, and
" an immoderate desire to engross the whole traffick
" of the universe, was notorious enough ; and that
" this unruly appetite would not be restrained or
" disappointed, nor the trade of the nation be sup-
" ported and maintained, with the same fleets and
tf forces which had been maintained in the happy
" times of queen Elizabeth. He needed not speak
" of the naval power of the Turks, who, instead of
" sculking abroad in poor single ships as they were
" wont to do, domineer now on the ocean in strong
" fleets, make naval fights, and had brought some
" Christians to a better correspondence, and another
" kind of commerce and traffick with them, than was
" expected," (for at that time the Dutch had made a
low and dishonourable peace with the pirates of Al-
giers and Tunis :) " insomuch as they apprehend no
" enemy upon the sea, but what they find in the
" king of England's ships, which had indeed brought
*' no small damage upon them, with no small charge
" to the king, but a great reputation to the nation.

" He did assure them, that the charge the crown
" was then at, by sea and land, for the peace and
" security and wealth and honour of the nation,
" amounted to no less than eight hundred thousand



160 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1 662. " pounds in the year ; all which did not cost the
~ " crown before the late troubles fourscore thousand
" pounds the year : and therefore that nobody could
" blame them for any supply they had given, or
" addition they had made to the revenue of the
" crown. " He told them, " that the new acquisi-
" tions of Dunkirk, Mardike, Tangier, Jamaica, and
" Bombayne, ought to be looked upon as jewels of
" an immense magnitude in the royal diadem ; and
" though they were of present expense, they were
" like in a short time, with God's blessing, to bring
" vast advantages to the trade, navigation, wealth.
" and honour of the king and kingdom. His ma-
" jesty had enough expressed his desire to live in a
" perfect peace and amity with all his neighbours ;
" nor was it an ill ingredient towards the firmness
" and stability of that peace and amity which his
" royal ancestors had held with them, that he hath
" some advantages in case of a war, which they were
The pariia- " without. " The same day the parliament was pro-
rogued P . r ~ rogued to the eighteenth day of February following.
It was about the end of May, when the queen
came to Hampton-court. The earl of Sandwich,
after he had reduced those of Algiers and Tunis to
good conditions, went to Tangier, which was to be
delivered to him before he was to go to Lisbon for
The eari of the reception of the queen : and delivered to him it

Sandwich . .

takes pos- was, though by an accident that might have caused
Tangier! it to be delivered into another hand. There was
never the least doubt, but that the queen regent did
resolve religiously to perform all the conditions on
the part of Portugal ; and the government was yet
in her hands. But the king growing towards his
majority, and of a nature not like to comply long



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 161

with his mother's advice; factions began likewise to 1G62.
grow in that court. The delivery of Tangier, and "~
into the hands of heretics, was much murmured at ;
as like more to irritate the pope, who did already
carry himself towards them very unlike a common
father, notwithstanding the powerful interposition
of France, which, upon the peace lately made be-
tween the two crowns, was already ceased : so that
they now apprehended, that this new provocation
would give some excuse to the court of Rome, to
comply more severely with the importunities from
Spain, which likewise upon this occasion they were
sure would be renewed with all possible instance.
And though the queen had lately sent a governor
to Tangier, whom she therefore made choice of, as
a man devoted to her, and who would obey her
commands in the delivery of this place ; yet it is
certain, he went thither with a contrary resolution.

Very few days before the earl of Sandwich came A desi s n of

. not giving

thither, the governor marched out with all the it up to him.
horse and above half the foot of the garrison into
the country, and fell into an ambush of the Moors,
who being much more numerous cut off the whole
party : and so the governor with so many of the
chief officers and soldiers being killed, the town was
left so weak, that if the Moors had pursued their
advantage with such numbers as they might, and
did intend within few days to bring with them, they
would have been able to have made little resistance.
And the earl of Sandwich coming happily thither
in that conjuncture, it e was delivered into his hands,
who convoyed the remainder of the garrison into

e it] Omitted in MS.
VOL. II. M



162 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1662. Portugal, where they were like to be stoned by the
~ people ; and then, having put a good garrison of
horse and foot which were sent from England into
it, he delivered it up to the earl of Peterborough,
who had a commission from the king to be governor
thereof; and himself with the fleet sailed to Lisbon,
where he had been long expected, and found his
house and equipage ready, he being then to appear
in the quality of extraordinary ambassador to de-
mand the queen.
He comes His arrival there happened likewise in a very

to Lisbon in , . _ .

a critical happy conjuncture ; for the Spanish army, stronger
ture. un than it had been before, was upon its march to be-
siege a seaport town, which lay so near Lisbon, that
being in the enemy's hands it f would very much
have infested their whole trade, and was not strong
enough long to have resisted so powerful an enemy.
But upon the fame of the English fleet's arrival,
the Spaniard gave over that design, and retired :
since as it was impossible that they should be able
to take that place, which the fleet was so ready to
relieve ; so they knew not but that the English
might make a descent into their own quarters,
which kept them from engaging before any other
town. But the alarum the march of that army had
given had so much disturbed Portugal, which never
keep their whole forces on foot, but draw them to-
gether upon such emergent occasions; that they
were compelled to make use of most of that money,
which they said had been laid up and should be kept
for the payment of the queen's portion, which was
to be transported with her into England.

1 it] Not in MS.



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 163

Whereupon, after the ambassador had been re- 1662.
ceived with all possible demonstration of respect and ~
public joy, and had had his solemn audience from
the king and from the queen regent and the queen
his mistress ; and some English gentlemen of quality,
who were sent by the king, were admitted to those
places of attendance about the queen, to which his
majesty had assigned them : the queen mother, with
infinite apologies, told the ambassador, " that the The Portu.
" straits and poverty of the kingdom were & so great
" upon the late advance of the Spanish army, that
" there could at this present be only paid one half
" of the queen's portion, and that the other half
" should infallibly be paid within a year, with which
" she hoped the king her brother would be satisfied;
" and that for the better doing it, she resolved to
" send back the same ambassador, who had brought
" so good a work with God's blessing to so good an
" end, with her daughter to the king. "

The earl of Sandwich was much perplexed, nor
did easily resolve what he was to do. His instruc-
tions were to receive the whole portion, which he
knew the king expected, and which they were not
able to pay. He had already received Tangier, and
left a strong garrison in it, and had neither author-
ity to restore it, nor wherewithal to carry back the
men. And at last, after he had used all the means
to have the whole paid, and was so fully informed,
that he did in truth believe that they could do no
more, he resolved that he would receive the queen
aboard the fleet. That which they were ready to
deliver for half the portion was not in money, but

^ were] was
M 2



CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1662. to be made up by jewels, sugar, and other commo-
""dities, which should not be overvalued. The am-
bassador was contented to give his receipt for the
several species of the money they would deliver,
leaving the value to be computed in England ; but
expressly refused to accept the jewels, sugar, and
merchandises at any rates or prices ; but was con-
tented to receive them on board the ships, and to
deliver them in specie at London to any person who
should be appointed by them to receive them, who
should be obliged to pay the money they were va-
lued at h , and to make up the whole sum that should
be paid to the king for the moiety. In conclusion,
all things were delivered on board the ships ; and
Diego Silvas, a Jew of great wealth and full credit
at Amsterdam, was sent with it, and obliged to
make even the account with the king's ministers at
London, and to pay what should remain due. And
a new obligation was entered into by the crown of
Portugal, for the payment of the other moiety with-
in the space of a year. And the queen with all her
court and retinue were embarked on board the fleet ;
and without any ill accidents her majesty arrived
The queen safely at Portsmouth : and having rested only three
England" or four days there, to recover the indisposition con-
tracted in so long a voyage at sea, her majesty/to-
gether with the king, came to Hampton-court at
the time mentioned before, the twenty-ninth of
May, the king's birthday, full two years after his
majesty's return and entering London.
Endeavours However the public joy of the kingdom was very

used to all- J . J J

enate the manifest upon this conjunction, yet in a short time

11 at] Not in MS.



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 165

there appeared not that serenity in the court that 1662.
was expected. They who had formerly endeavoured king , s affec .
to prevent it. used ever after all the ill arts they t ! ons from

* the queen.

could to make it disagreeable, and to alienate the
king's affection from the queen to such a degree,
that it might never be in her power to prevail with
him to their disadvantage ; an effect they had reason
to expect from any notable interest she might gain in
his affections, since she could not be uninformed by
the ambassador of the disservice they had formerly
endeavoured to do her.

There was a lady of youth and beauty, with Somecir -

. . .
cumstances

whom the king had lived in great and notonous fa-thatcontri-
miliarity from the time of his coming into England,
and who, at the time of the queen's coming, or a
little before, had been delivered of a son whom the them
king owned. And as that amour had been generally
taken notice of, to the lessening of the good reputa-
tion the king had with the people ; so it underwent
the less reproach from the king's being young, vi-
gorous, and in his full strength ; and upon a full
presumption that when he should be married, he
would contain himself within the strict bounds of
virtue and conscience. And that his majesty him-
self had that firm resolution, there want not many
arguments, as well from the excellent temper and
justice of his own nature, as from the professions he
had made with some solemnity to persons who were
believed to have much credit, and who had not failed
to do their, duty, in putting him in mind " of the
" infinite obligations he had to God Almighty, and
" that he expected another kind of return from him,
" in the purity of mind and integrity of life :" of
which his majesty was piously sensible, albeit there

M 3



166 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1662. was all possible pains taken by that company which
~ were admitted to his hours of pleasure, to divert
and corrupt all those impressions and principles,
which his own conscience and reverent esteem of
Providence did suggest to him ; turning all discourse
and mention of religion into ridicule, as if it were
only an invention of divines to impose upon men of
parts, and to restrain them from the Liberty and use
of those faculties which God and nature had given
them, that they might be subject to their reproofs
and determinations ; which kind of license was not
grateful to the king, and therefore warily and acci-
dentally used by those who had pleasant wit, and in
whose company he took too much delight.

The queen had beauty and wit enough to make
herself very agreeable to him ; and it is very cer-
tain, that at their first meeting, and for some time
after, the king had very good satisfaction in her, and
without doubt made very good resolutions within
himself, and promised himself a happy and an in-
nocent life in her company, without any such uxori-
ousness, as might draw the reputation upon him of
being governed by his wife, of which he had ob-
served or been too largely informed of some incon-
venient effects in the fortune of some of his nearest
friends, and had long protested against such a re-
signation ; though they who knew him well, did
not think him so much superior to such a conde-
scension, but that if the queen had had that craft
and address and dexterity that some former queens
had, she might have prevailed as far by degrees as
they had done. But the truth is, though she was
of years enough to have had more experience of the
world, and of as much wit as could be wished, and



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 167

of a humour very agreeable at some seasons; yet 1662.
she had been bred, according to the mode and dis-~
cipline of her country, in a monastery, where she
had only seen the women who attended her, and
conversed with the religious who resided there, and
without doubt in her inclinations was enough dis-
posed to have been one of that number. And from
this restraint she was called out to be a great queen,
and to a free conversation in a court that was to be
upon the matter new formed, and reduced from the
manners of a licentious age to the old rules and
limits which had been observed in better times ; and
to which regular and decent conformity the present
disposition of men or women was not enough in-
clined to, submit, nor the king enough disposed to
exact.

There was a numerous family of men and wo-
men that were sent from Portugal, the most improper
to promote that conformity in the queen that was
necessary for her condition and future happiness,
that could be chosen : the women for the most part
old and ugly and proud, incapable of any conversa-
tion with persons of quality and a liberal education.
And they desired 'and indeed had conspired so far
to possess the queen themselves, that she should nei-
ther learn the English language, nor use their habit,
nor depart from the manners and fashions of her
own country in any particulars ; " which resolution,"
they told her, " would be for the dignity of Portu-
" gal, and would quickly induce the English ladies
" to conform to her majesty's practice :" and this
imagination had made that impression, that the
tailor who had been sent into Portugal to make her
clothes, could never be admitted to see her or re-

M 4



168 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1662. ceive any employment. Nor when she came to
~~ Portsmouth, and found there several ladies of honour
and prime quality to attend her in the places to
which they were assigned by the king, did she re-
ceive any of them, till the king himself came ; nor
then with any grace, or the liberty that belonged to
their places and offices. She could not be persuaded
to be dressed out of the wardrobe that the king had
sent to her, but would wear the clothes which she
had brought, until she found that the king was dis-
pleased, and would be obeyed : whereupon she con-
formed against the advice of her women, who con-
tinued their opiniatrety, without any one of them
receding from their own mode, which exposed them
the more to reproach.

When the queen came to Hampton-court, she
brought with her a formed resolution, that she would
never suffer the lady who was so much spoken of to
be in her presence : and afterwards to those she
would trust she said, *' her mother had enjoined her
" so to do. " On the other hand, the king thought
that he had so well prepared her to give her a civil
reception, that within a day or two after her ma-
jesty's being there, himself led her into her cham-
ber, and presented her to the queen, who received
her with the same grace as she had done the rest ;
there being many lords and other ladies at the same
time there. But whether her majesty in the in-
stant knew who she was, or upon recollection found
it afterwards, she was no sooner sat in her chair, but
her colour changed, and tears gushed out of her
eyes, and her nose bled, and she fainted ; so that
she was forthwith removed into another room, and
all the company retired out of that where she was



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 169

before. And this falling out so notoriously when so 1 662.
many persons were present, the king looked upon it~~
with wonderful indignation, and as an earnest of de-
fiance for the decision of the supremacy and who
should govern, upon which point he was the most
jealous and the most resolute of any man ; and the
answer he received from the queen, which kept up
the obstinacy, displeased him more. Now the
breach of the conditions grew matter of reproach ;
the payment of but half the portion was objected to
the ambassador, who would have been very glad
that the quarrel had been upon no other point. He
knew not what to say or do; the king being of-
fended with him for having said so much in Portu-
gal to provoke the queen, and not instructing her
enough to make her unconcerned in what had been
before her time, and in which she could not reason-
ably be concerned ; and the queen with more indig-
nation reproaching him with the character he had
given of the king, of his virtue and good-nature :
whilst the poor man, not able to endure the tempest
of so much injustice from both, thought it best to
satisfy both by dying ; and from the extreme afflic-
tion of mind which he underwent, he sustained such
a fever as brought him to the brink of his grave, till
some grace from both their majesties contributed
much to the recovery of his spirits.

In the mean time the king forbore her majesty's
company, and sought ease and refreshment in that
jolly company, to which in the evenings he grew
every day more indulgent, and in which there were
some, who desired rather to inflame than pacify his
discontent. And they found an expedient to vindi-
cate his royal jurisdiction, and to make it manifest



170 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1 662. to the world, that he would not be governed ; which
could never without much artifice have got entrance
into his princely breast, which always entertained
the most tender affections ; nor was ever any man's
nature more remote from thoughts of roughness or
hardheartedness. They magnified the temper and
constitution of his grandfather, who indeed to all
other purposes was a glorious example : " that
" when he was enamoured, and found a return an-
" swerable to his merit, he did not dissemble his
" passion, nor suffered it to be matter of reproach
" to the persons whom he loved ; but made all
" others pay them that respect which he thought
" them worthy of: brought them to the court, and
" obliged his own wife the queen to treat them with
" grace and favour ; gave them the highest titles of
" honour, to draw reverence and application to them
" from all the court and all the kingdom ; raised
" the children he had by them to the reputation,
" state, and degree of princes of the blood, and con-
" ferred fortunes and offices upon them accordingly.
" That his majesty, who inherited the same pas-
" sionSj was without the gratitude and noble incli-
" nation to make returns proportionable to the obli-
" gations he received. That he had, by the charms
" of his person and of his professions, prevailed
" upon the affections and heart of a young and
" beautiful lady of a noble extraction, whose father
" had lost his life in the service of the crown. That
" she had provoked the jealousy and rage of her
" husband to that degree, that he had separated
" himself from her : and now the queen's indigna-
" tion had made the matter so notorious to the
" world, that the disconsolate lady had no place of



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 171

" retreat left, but must be made an object of infamy 1 662.

" and contempt to all her sex, and to the whole

" world. "

Those discourses, together with a little boo"k
newly printed at Paris, according to the license of
that nation, of the amours of Henry IV. which was
by them presented to him, and too concernedly read
by him, made that impression upon his mind, that
he resolved to raise the quality and degree of that
lady, who was married to a private gentleman of a
competent fortune, that had not the ambition to be
a better man than he was born. And that he might
do so, he made her husband an earl of Ireland, who
knew too well the consideration that he paid for it,
and abhorred the brand of such a nobility, and did
not in a long time assume the title. The lady thus
qualified was now made fit for higher preferment :
and the king resolved, for the vindication of her ho-
nour and innocence, that she should be admitted of
the bedchamber of the queen, as the only means to
convince the world, that all aspersions upon her
had been without ground. The king used all the
ways he could, by treating the queen with all ca-
resses, to dispose her to gratify him in this particu-
lar, as a matter in which his honour was concerned
and engaged ; and protested unto her, which at that
time he did intend to observe, " that he had not had
" the least familiarity with her since her majesty's
" arrival, nor would ever after be guilty of it again,
" but would live always with her majesty in all fide-
" lity for conscience sake. " The queen, who was
naturally more transported with choler than her
countenance declared her to be, had not the temper
to entertain him with those discourses, which the



172 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1662. vivacity of her wit could very plentifully have sug-
~~ gested to her ; but brake out into a torrent of rage,
which increased the former prejudice, confirmed the
king in the resolution he had taken, gave ill people
more credit to mention her disrespectfully, and
more increased his aversion from her company, and,
which was worse, his delight in those, who meant 1
that he should neither love his wife or his business,
or any thing but their conversation.

These domestic indispositions and distempers, and
the impression they made of several kinds upon the
king's spirit and his humour, exceedingly discom-
posed the minds of the gravest and most serious
men ; gave the people generally occasion of speak-
ing loudly, and with a license that the magistrates
knew not how to punish, for the publication of the
scandal : and the wisest men despaired of finding
remedies to apply to the dissoluteness and de-
bauchery of the time, which visibly increased. No
man appeared to suffer or likely to suffer more than
the chancellor, against whom though no particular
person owned a malignity, the congregation of the
witty men for the evening conversation were enough
united against his interest; and thought his in-
fluence upon the king's actions and counsels would
be too much augmented, if the queen came to have
any power, who had a very good opinion of him :
and it is very probable, that even that apprehension
increased the combination against her majesty.

The lady had reason to hate him mortally, well
knowing that there had been an inviolable friend-
ship between her father and him to his death, which

1 who meant] Omitted in MS,



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 173

had been notorious to all men ; and that he was an 1 GG2.
implacable enemy to the power and interest she had
with the king, and had used all the endeavours he
could to destroy it. Yet neither she nor any of the
other adventured to speak ill of him to the king,
who at that time would not have borne it ; except
for wit's sake they sometimes reflected upon some-
what he had said, or acted some of his postures and
manner of speaking, (the skill in mimicry being the
best faculty in wit many of them had;) which
license they practised often towards the king him-
self, and therefore his majesty thought it to be the
more free from malice. But by these liberties,
which at first only raised laughter, they by degrees
got the hardiness to censure both the persons, coun-
sels, and actions of those who were nearest his ma-
jesty's trust, with the highest malice and presump-
tion ; and too often suspended or totally disap-
pointed some resolutions, which had been taken
upon very mature deliberation, and which ought to
have been pursued. But (as hath been said before)
this presumption had not yet come to this length.

The king imparted the trouble and unquietness
of his mind to nobody with equal freedom, as he did
to the chancellor : to him he complained of all the
queen's perverseness and ill humours, and informed
him of all that passed between them, and obliged
him to confer and advise the queen, who, he knew,
looked upon him as a man devoted to her service,
and that he would speak very confidently to her
whatsoever he thought; and therefore gave him
leave to take notice to her of any thing he had told
him. It was too delicate a province for so plain- The chan-
dealing a man as he was to undertake : and yet



174 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1662. knew not how to refuse it, nor indeed did despair

reconcile totally of being able to do some good, since the

|! ^ ir ma J es - queen was not yet more acquainted with any man

than with him, nor spake so much with any man as

with him ; and he believed, that he might hereby

have opportunity to speak sometimes to the king of

some particulars with more freedom, than otherwise

he could well do, at least more effectually.

He had never heard before of the honour the
king had done that lady, nor of the purpose he had
to make her of his wife's bedchamber. He spake
with great boldness to him upon both ; and did not
believe that the first was proceeded in beyond revo-
cation, because it had not come to the great seal,
and gave him many arguments against it, which he
thought of weight. But upon the other point he
took more liberty, and spake " of the hardhearted-
" ness and cruelty in laying such a command upon
" the queen, which flesh and blood could not comply
" with. " He put him in mind of what he heard
his majesty himself say, upon the like excess which
a neighbour king had lately used, in making his
mistress to live in the court, and in the presence of
the queen : that his majesty had then said, " that it
" was such a piece of ill-nature, that he could never
" be guilty of; and if ever he should be guilty of
" having a mistress after he had a wife, which he
" hoped he should never be, she should never come
" where his wife was ; he would never add that to
" the vexation, of which she would have enough
" without it. " And yet he told him, " that such
" friendships were not new in that other court, nor
" scandalous in that kingdom ; whereas in this it
" was so unheard of and so odious, that a woman



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 175

" who prostituted herself to the king was equally 1662.
" infamous to all women of honour, and must expect ~~
" the same contempt from them, as if she were com-
" mon to mankind : and that no enemy he had
" could advise him a more sure way to lose the
" hearts and affections of the people, of which he
" was now so abundantly possessed, than the in-
" dulging to himself that liberty, now it had pleased
" God to give him a wife worthy of him. That
" the excess he had already used in that and other
" ways had lost him some ground ; but that the con-
" tinuance in them would break the hearts of all his
" friends, and be only grateful to those who wished
" the destruction of monarchy:" and concluded with
" asking his pardon for speaking so plainly," and
besought his majesty to remember " the wonderful
"things which God had done for him, and for which
" he expected other returns than he had yet re-
" ceived. "

The king heard him with patience enough, yet
with those little interruptions which were natural to
him, especially to that part where he had levelled
the mistresses of kings and princes with other lewd
women, at which he expressed some indignation,
being an argument often debated before him by
those, who would have them looked upon above any
other men's k wives. He did not appear displeased
with the liberty he had taken, but said, " he knew it
" proceeded from the affection he had for him ;"
and then proceeded upon the several parts of what
he had said, more volubly than he used to do, as

k men's] Omitted in MS.



176 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1662. upon points in which he was conversant, and had
~ heard well debated.

To the first, he began with the story of an acci-
dent that had fallen out the day before; he said,
" the lady had then told him, that she did hope
" that the chancellor was not so much her enemy,
" as he was generally reported to be, for she was
" sure he was not guilty of one discourtesy of
" which he had been accused to her, and therefore
" might be as innocent in others ; and then told his
" majesty, that the day before, the earl of Bristol"
(who was never without some reason to engage
himself in such intrigues, and had been a principal
promoter of all those late resolutions) " came to her,
" and asked her whether the patent was not yet
" passed. She answerd, No. He asked if she knew
" the reason ; which she seeming not to do, he told
" her that he came in confidence to tell her, and
" that if she did not quickly curb and overrule such
" presumption, she would often meet it to her pre-
" judice ; then told her a long relation, how the pa-
" tent had been carried to the chancellor prepared
" for the seal, and that he according to his custom
" had superciliously said, that he would first speak
" with the king of it, and that in the mean time it
" should not pass ; and that if she did not make the
" king very sensible of this his insolence, his majesty
" should never be judge of his own bounty. And
" then the lady laughed, and made sharp reflections
" upon the principles of the earl of Bristol," (who had
throughout his life the rare good fortune of being
exceedingly beloved and exceedingly hated by the
same persons, in the space of one month ; and now



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 177

finding that there was a stop of the patent, made a 1662.
very natural guess where it must be, and gratified ~~
his own appetite in the conclusion,) " and pulled
" the warrant out of her pocket, where she said it
" had remained ever since it was signed, and she
" believed the chancellor had never heard of it : she
" was sure there was no patent prepared, and there-
" fore he could not stop it at the seal. "

The truth is : though according to the custom
she had assumed the title as soon as she had the
warrant, that the other pretence might be prose-
cuted, she made not haste to pass the patent, lest
her husband might stop it ; and after long delibera-
tion was not so confident of the chancellor, as to
transmit it to the seal that was in his custody, but,
the honour being Irish, sent it into that kingdom to
pass the great seal there, where she was sure it could
meet no interruption.

When the king had made this relation, and added
some sharp remarks upon the earl of Bristol, as a
man very particularly known and understood by
him ; he said, " that he had undone this lady, and
" ruined her reputation, which had been fair and
" untainted till her friendship for him ; and that he
" was obliged in conscience and honour to repair her
" to the utmost of his power. That he would al-
" ways avow to have a great friendship for her,
" which he owed as well to the memory of her fa-
" ther as to her own person ; and that he would
" look upon it as the highest disrespect to him, in
" any body who should treat her otherwise than
" was due to her own birth, and the dignity to
" which he had raised her. That he liked her com-

VOL. i. N



178 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1 662. " pany and conversation, from which he would not be
~" " restrained, because he knew there was and should
" be all innocence in it : and that his wife should
" never have cause to complain that he brake his
" vows to her, if she would live towards him as a
" good wife ought to do, in rendering herself grate-
" ful and acceptable to him, which it was in her
" power to do ; but if she would continue uneasy to
" him, he could not answer for himself, that he
" should not endeavour to seek content in other
" company. That he had proceeded so far in the
" business that concerned the lady, and was so
" deeply engaged in it, that she would not only be
" exposed to all imaginable contempt, if it succeeded
" not ; but his own honour would suffer so much,
" that he should become ridiculous to the world, and
" be thought too in pupilage under a governor ; and
" therefore he would expect and exact a conformity
" from his wife herein, which l should be the only
" hard thing he would ever require from her, and
" which she herself might make very easy, for the
" lady would behave herself with all possible duty
" and humility unto her, which if she should fail to
" do in the least degree, she should never see the
" king's face again : and that he would never be en-
" gaged to put any other servant about her, without
" first consulting with her, and receiving her con-
" sent and approbation. Upon the whole," he said,
" he would never recede from any part of the reso-
" lution he had taken and expressed to him : and
" therefore he required him to use all those argu-

1 which] and which



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 179

" ments to the queen, which were necessary to in- 1G62.
" duce her to a full compliance with what the king ~~
" desired. "

The chancellor addressed himself to the queen
with as full liberty and plainness as he had pre-
sumed to use to his majesty, but could not proceed
so far at a time, nor hold so long conferences at
once. When he first lamented the misintelligence
he observed to be between their majesties, and she
perceived the king had told him some particulars,
she protested her own innocence, but with so much
passion and such a torrent of tears, that there was
nothing left for him to do, but to retire, and tell
her, " that he would wait upon her in a fitter sea-
** son, and when she should be more capable of re-
** ceiving humble advice from her servants, who
" wished her well ;" and so departed.

The next day he waited upon her again at the
hour assigned by her, and found her much better
composed than he had left her. She vouchsafed to
excuse the passion she had been in, and confessed
" she looked upon him as one of the few friends she
" had, and from whom she would most willingly at
" all times receive counsel : but that she hoped he
" would not wonder or blame her, if having greater
" misfortunes upon her, and being to struggle with
" more difficulties, than any woman had ever been
" put to of her condition, she sometimes gave vent
" to that passion that was ready to break her heart. "
He told her, " he was desirous indeed to serve her,
" of which he would not make great or many pro-
" testations, since she could not but believe it, ex-
" cept she thought him to be a fool, or mad, since
" nothing could contribute so much to his happiness,

N 2



180 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1662. " as an eminent sympathy between the king and
~~ " her in all things : and he could not give her a
" greater evidence of his devotion, than in always
" saying that to her which was fit for her to hear,
" though it did not please her ; and he would ob-
" serve no other rule towards her, though it should
" render him ungracious to her. "

She seemed well satisfied with what he said, and
told him " he should never be more welcome to her,
" than when he told her of her faults :" to which he
replied, " that it was the province he was accused
" of usurping with reference to all his friends. " He
told her, " that he doubted she was little beholden
" to her education, that had given her no better
" information of the follies and iniquities of man-
" kind, of which he presumed the climate from
" whence she came could have given more instances,
" than this cold region would afford ;" though at
that time it was indeed very hot. He said, " if her
" majesty had been fairly dealt with in that parti-
" cular, she could never have thought herself so
" miserable, and her condition so insupportable
" as she seemed to think it to be ; the ground of
" which heavy complaint he could not comprehend. "
Whereupon with some blushing and confusion and
some tears she said m , " she did not think that she
" should have found the king engaged in his aifec-
" tion to another lady ;" and then was able to say
no more : which gave the chancellor opportunity to
say, " that he knew well, that she had been very
" little acquainted with or informed of the world ;
" yet he could not believe that she was so utterly

m she said] Not in MS.



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 181

ignorant, as to expect that the king her husband, 1662.



" in the full strength and vigour of his youth n , was
" of so innocent a constitution, as to be reserved for
" her whom he had never seen, and to have had no
" acquaintance or familiarity with the sex ;" and
asked , " whether she believed, when it should please
" God to send a queen to Portugal, she should find
" that court so full of chaste affections. " Upon
which her majesty smiled, and spake pleasantly
enough, but as if she thought it did not concern her
case, and as if the king's affection had not wan-
dered, but remained fixed.

Upon which the chancellor replied with some
warmth, " that he came to her with a message from
" the king, which if she received as she ought to do,
" and as he hoped she would, she would be the hap-
" piest queen in the world. That whatever cor-
" respondences the king had entertained with any
" other ladies, before he saw her majesty, concerned
" not her ; nor ought she to inquire more into them
" or after them, than into what other excesses P he
" had used in his youth in France, Holland, or Ger-
" many. That he had authority to assure her, that
" all former appetites were expired, and that he de-
" dicated himself entirely and without reserve to
" her ; and that if she met his affection with that
" warmth and spirit and good humour, which she
" well knew how to express, she would live a life
" of the greatest delight imaginable. That her good
" fortune, and all the joy she could have in this
" world, was in her own power, and that she only
" strove ^ to drive it from her. " She heard all this

n youth] use P excesses] exercises

asked] Omitted in MS. * strove] Omitted in MS.

N 3



1 662. with apparent pleasure, and infinite expressions of her
acknowledgments of the king's bounty ; thanked the
chancellor more than enough, and desired him " to
" help in returning her thanks to his majesty, and
" in obtaining his pardon for any passion or peevish-
" ness she might have been guilty of, and in assur-
" ing him of all future obedience and duty. "

Upon this good temper he approached to the
other part of his message, " how necessary it would
" be that her majesty should gratify this good reso-
" lution and justice and tenderness in the king, by
" meeting it with a proportionable submission and
" resignation on her part to whatsoever his majesty
" should desire of her ;" and then insinuated what
would be acceptable with reference to the lady.
But this was no sooner mentioned, than it raised all
the rage and fury of yesterday, with fewer tears,
the fire appearing in her eyes, where the water was.
She said, " that the king's insisting upon that par-
" ticular could proceed from no other ground but
" his hatred of her person, and to expose her to the
" contempt of the world, who would think her wor-
" thy of such an affront, if she submitted to it ;
" which before she would do, she would put herself
" on board any little vessel, and so be transported
" to Lisbon :" with many other extravagant expres-
sions, which her passion suggested in spite of her
understanding; and which he interrupted with a
very ill countenance, and told her, f* that she had
" not the disposal of her own person, nor could go
" out of the house where she was without the king's
" leave ;" and therefore advised her " not to speak
" any more of Portugal, where there were enough
" who would wish her to be. " He told her, " that



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 183



" he would find some fitter time to speak with her, 1662.

" and till then only desired that she would make

" show of no such passion to the king ; and that

" whatever she thought fit to deny that the king

" proposed to her, she should deny in such a manner,

** as should look rather like a deferring than an ut-

" ter refusal, that his majesty might not be pro-

" voked to enter into the same passion, which would

" be superior to hers. " ;. ii. -

The chancellor made the more haste to inform
the king of all that had passed, that he might pre-
vail with him to suspend for some little time the
prosecuting that argument further with the queen.
He gave him an account of all the good and kind
things she had said with reference to his majesty, of
the professions she had made of all duty and obe-
dience to him throughout the whole course of her
life ; " that her unwillingness to obey him in this
" one particular proceeded only from the great pas-
" sion of love which she had for him, that trans-
" ported her beyond the limits of her reason. " He
confessed, " he had not discoursed it so fully with
" her majesty as he resolved to have done, because
" a sudden passion had seized upon her, which she
" must have some time to overrule ;" and therefore
he entreated his majesty " for a day or two to for-
" bear pressing the queen in that matter, till he had
" once more waited upon her, by which he hoped he
" might in some degree dispose her majesty to give
" him satisfaction. " And though he was in no degree
pleased with the account, yet the other did think,
that he would for a little have respited the further
discourse of it.

But the king quickly found other counsellors, who
N 4



184 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1662. told him, " that the thing he contended for was not
~~ " of so much importance as the manner of obtaining
" it ; that the contention now was, who should go-
" vem ; and if he suffered himself to be disputed
" with, he must resolve hereafter to do all things
" precario" And as this advice was more suitable to
his present passion and purpose, so it was embraced
greedily and resolutely. The fire flamed that night
higher than ever: the king reproached the queen
with stubbornness and want of duty, and she him
with tyranny and want of affection : he used threats
and menaces, which he never intended to put in
execution, and she talked loudly " how ill she was
" treated, and that she would return again to Por-
" tugal. " He replied, " that she should do well first
" to know whether her mother would receive her :
" and he would give her a fit opportunity to know
" that, by sending to their home all her Portuguese
" servants ; and that he would forthwith give order
" for the discharge of them all, since they behaved
" themselves so ill, for to them and their counsels
" he imputed all her perverseness. "

The passion and noise of the night reached too
many ears to be a secret the next day ; and the
whole court was full of that, which ought to have
been known to nobody. And the mutual carriage
and behaviour between their majesties confirmed all
that they had heard or could imagine : they spake
not, hardly looked on one another. Every body was
glad that they were so far from the town, (for they
were still at Hampton-court,) and that there were
so few witnesses of all that passed. The queen sat
melancholic in her chamber in tears, except when
she drove them away by a more violent passion in



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 185

choleric discourse : and the king sought his diver- 1 662.
tisements in that company that said and did all"
things to please him ; and there he spent all the
nights, and in the morning came to the queen's
chamber, for he never slept in any other place. No-
body knew how to interpose, or indeed how to be-
have themselves, the court being far from one
mind ; with this difference, that the young and fro-
lic people of either sex talked loudly all that they
thought the king would like and be pleased with,
whilst the other more grave and serious people did
in their souls pity the queen, and thought that she
was put to bear more than her strength could sus-
tain.

The chancellor came not to the court in two or
three days ; and when he did come thither, he for-
bore to see the queen, till the king sent him again to
her. His majesty informed him at large, and with
more than his natural passion, of all that had pass-
ed ; and " of the foolish extravagancy" (as he called
it) " of returning to Portugal ; and of the positive
" resolution he had taken, and the orders he had
" given, for the present sending away all the Portu-
" gueses, to whom he did impute all his wife's fro-
" wardness. " He renewed his former declaration,
" that he would gain his point, and never depart
" from that resolution ;" yet was content to be
blamed by the chancellor, for having proceeded with
so much choler and precipitation, and seemed to
think that he had done better, if he had followed
his former advice. But then he added, "that be-
" sides the uneasiness and pain within himself, the
" thing was more spoken of in all places, and more
" to his disadvantage, whilst it was in this suspense,



186 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1662. " than it would be when it was once executed;
~~ " which would put a final end to all debates, and all
" would be forgotten. "

The chancellor desired his majesty to believe,
" that he would endeavour, by all the ways he
" could devise, to persuade the queen to submit to
" his pleasure, because it is his pleasure ; and that
" he would urge some arguments to her, which he
" could not himself answer ; and therefore he was
" not without hope that they might prevail. But
" he desired him likewise to believe, that he had
" much rather spend his pains in endeavouring to
" convert his majesty from pursuing his resolution,
" which he did in his conscience believe to be un-
" just, than in persuading her majesty to comply
" with it, which yet he would very heartily do. "
He desired him " to give him leave to put him in
" mind of a discourse his majesty had held with
" him many years ago, upon an occasion that he
" had administered by telling him what his father,
" the late king, had said to him : that he had great
" reason to acknowledge it due r to God's immediate
" blessing, and in truth to his inspiration, that he
" continued firm in his religion : for though his fa-
" ther had always taken pains himself to inform and
*' instruct him, yet he had been so much deceived
" by others that he put about him when he was
" young, a company of the arrantest knaves and pu-
" ritans" (they were his own words) " that could be
" found in the two kingdoms ; whereof he named
" two or three, who were enemies to the church,
" and used to deride all religion. That when he had

r due] Not in MS.



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 187

" related this discourse accidentally of his late ma- 1662.
" jesty, the king replied, that if it should please God ~~
" ever to give him a wife and children, he would
*' make choice of such people to be about both in
" all places of near trust, who in their natures and
" manners, and if it were possible in their very hu-
" incurs, were such as he wished his wife and chil-
" dren should be ; for he did believe that most
" young people (and it may be elder) were upon
" the matter formed by those whom they saw con-
" tinually and could not but observe. " The king
answered with some quickness, "that he remem-
" bered the discourse very well, and should think
" of it ; but that the business which he had com-
" mended to him must be done, and without de-
" lay. "

When the chancellor was admitted to the queen,
he presumed with all plainness to blame her " for
" the illimited passion with s which she had treated
" the king, and thereby provoked him to greater in-
" dignation than she could imagine, or in truth sus-
" tain :" and begged *, " that for her own sake she
" would decline and suppress such distempers, which
" could have no other effect, than in making the
" wound incurable ; which it would do, in a very
" little time more, inevitably, and reduce all her
" faithful servants to an incapacity of serving her. "
She acknowledged with tears, " that she had been in
" too much passion, and said somewhat she ought
" not to have said, and for which she would wil-
" lingly ask the king's pardon upon her knees ;

s with] in ' begged] Not in MS.



188 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1662. " though his manner of treating her had wonder-
~~" fully surprised her, and might be some excuse for
" more than ordinary commotion. That she prayed
" to God to give her patience, and hoped she should
" be no more transported with the like passion upon
" what provocation soever. "

Then he entreated, " that he might find some
" effect of that her good resolution, in permitting
" him to enlarge upon the argument he was obliged
" to discourse to her ; and that if he offered any
" humble advice, it should be such as he was most
" confident would prove for her benefit, and such as
" he would himself submit to if he were in her con-
" dition. " He told her, " he came not to justify
" and defend the proposition that had been made to
" her concerning the lady, as a just or a reasonable
" proposition ; he had not dissembled his own opin-
" ion as to either, and when he should now insist
" upon it again, which he must do, he could not but
" confess that it was a very hard injunction, not to
" be yielded to without some reluctancy :" but he
besought her to tell him, " whether she thought it
" in her power to divert it ; or that it was not in
" the king's power to impose it upon her. "

She answered, " she knew it was in her own
" power to consent or not to consent to it ; and that
" she could not despair, but that the king's justice
" and goodness might divert him from the prosecu-
" tion of a command so unreasonable in him, and so
" dishonourable to her. She would not dispute the
" king's power, what it might impose, being sure
" that she could not rescue herself from it : but,"
she said, " nobody knew better than he, whether the



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 189
king was obliged to leave the choice of her own 1652.



" servants to herself; and if it were otherwise, she
" had been deceived. "

He told her, " that she had and would always en-
" joy that privilege : but that it was always under-
" stood in conditions of that nature, that as the hus-
" band would not impose a servant, against whom
" just exceptions could be made ; so it was pre-
" sumed, that no wife would refuse to receive a ser-
'* vant, that was esteemed and commended by her
" husband. That he did assure her, upon as much
" knowledge as he was capable to have in affairs of
" such a nature, that the king would exact an entire
" conformity to his pleasure in this particular ; and
" then the question would only be, whether it would
" be better that she conform herself with alacrity
" to an obedience, with those circumstances which
" might be obliging and meritorious on her part ; or
" that it should be done without her consent, and
" with all the repugnancy she could express, which
" could only be in angry words and ungracious
" circumstances, which would have a more bitter
" operation in her own breast and thoughts, than
" any where else : and therefore he did very impor-
" tunately advise her to submit to that cheerfully,
" that she could not resist ; which if she should not
" do, and do out of hand, she would too late re-
pent. "

To which she replied with great calmness, " that
" it may be worse could not fall out than she ex-
" pected ; but why she should repent the not giving
" her consent, she could not apprehend, since her
" conscience would not give her leave to consent:"
which when she saw him receive with a face of



190 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1662. trouble and wonder, which it was his misfortune
~ and weakness never to be able to conceal or dissem-
ble, she continued her discourse, and said, " she
" could not conceive how any body could, with a
" good conscience, consent to what she could not
" but suppose would be an occasion and opportunity
" of sin. " To which he suddenly replied, " that he
" now understood her ; and that she ought to have
" no such apprehension, but to believe the profes-
" sions the king made, of the sincerity whereof she
" would hereby become a witness; and if there
" should be any tergiversation, the opportunity,
" which she fancied, would be more frequent at a
" distance than by such a relation, which nothing
" but a resolved innocence could make desirable by
" either party. " To which he added, " that he
" thought her majesty had too mean and low an
" opinion u of her person and her parts, if she thought
" it could be in the power of any other lady to de-
" prive her of the interest she had a right to, if she
" did all that became her to retain it ; and which in
" that case she could not lose but by the highest
" fraud and perjury, which she could not justly en-
" tertain the suspicion of. "

There cannot be a greater patience and intent-
ness of hearing, than the queen manifested during
the time of his discourse, sometimes seeming not
displeased, but oftener by a smile declaring that she
did not believe what he said : and in conclusion, in
few words declared, " that the king might do what
" he pleased, but that she would x not consent to it ;"
and pronounced it with a countenance, as if she

" had too mean and low an lower opinion
opinion] had a meaner and a x would] could



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 191

both hoped and believed, that her obstinacy would 1662.

in the end prevail over the king's importunity : and

it is very probable, that she had advice given her

to that purpose. The chancellor concluded with

telling her, " that he would give her no more trouble

" upon this particular : that he was sorry he had not

" credit enough to prevail with her majesty in a

" point that would have turned so much to her be-

" nefit ; and that she would hereafter be sorry for

" her refusal. " And when he had given the king

a faithful account of all that had passed ; and " that

st he believed them both to be very much to blame,

" and that that party would be most excusable who

" yielded first ;" he made it his humble suit, " that His endea -

vours prove

" he might be no more consulted with, nor employed uns
" in an affair in which he had been so unsuccessful. " "

The king came seldom into the queen's company,
and when he did he spake not to her ; but spent his
time in other divertisements, and in the company of
those who made it their business to laugh at all
the world, and who were as bold with God Almighty
as with any of his creatures. He persevered in all
his resolutions without any remorse ; directed a day
for all the Portugueses to be embarked, without as-
signing any considerable thing of bounty to any of
them, or vouchsafing to write any letter to the king
or queen of Portugal of the cause of the dismission
of them. And this rigour prevailed upon the great
heart of the queen, who had not received any money
to enable her to be liberal to any of those, who had
attended her out of their own country, and pro-
mised themselves places of great advantage in her
family : and she earnestly desired the king, " that
" she might retain some few of those who were



192 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1662. " known to her, and of most use, that she might not
~ " be wholly left in the hands of strangers ;" and em-
ployed others to make the same suit to the king on
her behalf. Whereupon the countess of Penalva, who
had been bred with her from a child, and who, by
the infirmity of her eyes and other indisposition of
health, scarce stirred out of her chamber, was permit-
ted to remain in the court : and some few ? inferior
servants in her kitchen and in the lowest offices, be-
sides those who were necessary to her devotions,
were left here. All the rest were* transported to
Portugal.

The officers of the revenue were required to use
all strictness in the receipt of that part of the por-
tion that was brought over with the fleet ; and not
to allow any of those demands which were made
upon computation of the value of money, and other
allowances, upon the account : and Diego de Silva,
who was designed in Portugal without any good
reason to be the queen's treasurer, and upon that
expectation had undertaken that troublesome pro-
vince to see the money paid in London by what was
assigned to that purpose, was committed to prison
for not making haste enough in the payment and in
finishing the account; and his commitment went
very near the queen, as an affront done to herself.
The Portugal ambassador, who was a very honest
man, and so desirous to serve the king that he had
upon the matter lost the queen, was heartbroken ;
and after a long sickness, which all men believed
would have killed him, as soon as he was able to
endure the air, left Hampton-court, and retired to
his own house in the city.

> few] other z were] Omitted in MS.



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 193

In all this time the king pursued his point : the lady 1 662.
came to the court, was lodged there, was every day
in the queen's presence, and the king in continual
conference with her ; whilst the queen sat untaken
notice of: and if her majesty rose at the indignity
and retired into her chamber, it may be one or two
attended her ; but all the company remained in the
room she left, and too often said those things aloud
which nobody ought to have whispered. The king
(who had in the beginning of this conflict appeared
still with a countenance of trouble and sadness,
which had been manifest to every body, and no
doubt was really afflicted, and sometimes wished
that he had not proceeded so far, until he was
again new chafed with the reproach of being go-
verned, which he received with the most sensible
indignation, and was commonly provoked with it
most by those who intended most to govern him)
had now vanquished or suppressed all those tender-
nesses and reluctances, and appeared every day more
gay and pleasant, without any clouds in his face, and
full of good humour ; saving that the close observers
thought it more feigned and affected than of a na-
tural growth. However, to the queen it appeared
very real, and made her the more sensible, that she
alone was left out in all jollities, and not suffered to
have any part of those pleasant applications and
caresses, which she saw made almost to every body
else ; an universal mirth in all company but in hers,
and in all places but in her chamber ; her own ser-
vants shewing more respect and more diligence to
the person of the lady, than towards their own mis-
tress, who they found could do them less good. The
nightly meeting continued with the same or more

VOL. II. O



194 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1662. license; and the discourses which passed there, of
what argument soever, were the discourse of the
whole court and of the town the day following:
whilst the queen had the king's company those few
hours which remained of the preceding night, and
which were too little for sleep.

All these mortifications were too heavy to be
borne : so that at last, when it was least expected
or suspected, the queen on a sudden let herself fall
first to conversation and then to familiarity, and
even in the same instant to a confidence with the
lady ; was merry with her in public, talked kindly
of her, and in private used nobody more friendly.
This excess of condescension, without any provo-
cation or invitation, except by multiplication of in-
juries and neglect, and after all friendships were re-
newed, and indulgence yielded to new liberty, did
the queen less good than her former resoluteness
had done. Very many looked upon her with much
compassion, commended the greatness of her spirit,
detested the barbarity of the affronts she underwent,
and censured them as loudly as they durst; not
without assuming the liberty sometimes of insinuat-
ing to the king himself, " how much his own honour
" suffered in the neglect and disrespect of her own
" servants, who ought at least in public to manifest
" some duty and reverence towards her majesty ;
" and how much he lost in the general affections of
" his subjects : and that, besides the displeasure of
" God Almighty, he could not reasonably hope for
" children by the queen, which was the great if not
" the only blessing of which he stood in need,
" whilst her heart was so full of grief, and whilst
" she was continually exercised with such insup-



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 195

" portable afflictions. " And many, who were not 1662.
wholly unconversant with the king, nor strangers to ~~
his temper and constitution, did believe that he grew
weary of the struggle, and even ready to avoid the
scandal that was so notorious, by the lady's with-
drawing from the verge of the court and being no
longer seen there, how firmly soever the friendship
might be established. But this sudden downfall
and total abandoning her own greatness, this low
demeanour and even application to a person she had
justly abhorred and worthily contemned, made all
men conclude, that it was a hard matter to know
her, and consequently to serve her. And the king
himself was so far from being reconciled by it, that
the esteem, which he could not hitherto but retain
in his heart for her, grew now much less. He con-
cluded that all her former aversion expressed in
those lively passions, which seemed not capable of
dissimulation, was all fiction, and purely acted to
the life by a nature crafty, perverse, and inconstant.
He congratulated his own ill-natured perseverance,
by which he had discovered how he was to behave
himself hereafter, and what remedies he was to ap-
ply to all future indispositions : nor had he ever
after the same value of her wit, judgment, and un-
derstanding, which he had formerly ; and was well
enough pleased to observe, that the reverence others
had for all three was somewhat diminished.

The parliament assembled together at the same 1663.
time in February to which they had been adjourned in ent P nIeet$
or prorogued, and continued together till the end of Febt 18<
July following. They Wrought the same affection
and duty with them towards the king, which they
had formerly ; but were much troubled at what they

o 2



196 CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF

1663. had heard and what they had observed of the divi-

sions in court. They had the same fidelity for the

king's service, but not the same alacrity in it : the
despatch was much slower in all matters depending,
than it had used to be. The truth is ; the house of
commons was upon the matter not the same : three
years sitting, for it was very near so long since they
had been first assembled, had consumed very many
of their members ; and in the places of those who
died, great pains were taken to have some of the
king's menial servants chosen ; so that there was a
very great number of men in all stations in the
court, as well below stairs as above, who were mem-
bers of the house of commons. And there were
very few of them, who did not think themselves
qualified to reform whatsoever was amiss in church
or state, and to procure whatsoever supply the king
would require.

They, who either out of their own modesty, or in
regard of their distant relation to his service, had
seldom had access to his presence, never had pre-
sumed to speak to him ; now by the privilege of
parliament every day resorted to him, and had as
much conference with him as they desired. They,
according to the comprehension they had of affairs,
represented their advice to him for the conducting
his affairs ; according to their several opinions and
observations represented those and those men as
well affected to his service, and others, much better
than they, who did not pay them so much respect,
to be ill-affected and to want duty for his majesty.
They brought those, whoappeared to them to be
most zealous for his service, because they professed
to be ready to do any thing he pleased to prescribe,



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 197

to receive his majesty's thanks, and from himself his 1663.
immediate directions how to behave themselves in~~
the house ; when the men were capable of no other
instruction, than to follow the example of some dis-
creet man in whatsoever he should vote, and behave
themselves accordingly.

To this time, the king had been content to refer
the conduct of his affairs in the parliament to the
chancellor and the treasurer ; who had every day
conference with some select persons of the house of
commons, who had always served the king, and
upon that account had great interest in that assem-
bly, and in regard of the experience they had and
their good parts were hearkened to with reverence.