These may
possibly
belong to the
5.
5.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
68), titled Aiadnun, which, as well as the reply of
under the name of Severus, and under the impres-Severus, is noticed by Photius (Biblioth. Cod. 52).
sion that it had never before been printed, a Severus wrote this work before his elevation to the
fragment, which he entitled Severi Archiepiscopi Patriarchate. Severus wrote also two works against
Antiocheni Concordantia Evangelistarum circa ea the Council of Chalcedon: one, 8. Tà Dilainen,
quae in Sepulcro Domini contigerunt : item de Sab- or rather 'O annons, Philalethes s. Amator Veri
batis et de Varietate Exemplarium S. Marci Evan- (comp. Anastas. Sinait. l. c. ); the other, 9, in
gelistae : but the fragment has been identified with defence of the former, under the title of ’Atologia
a piece previously published among the works of Toù øldalhoovs, Philalethae Apologia. Perhaps
Gregory of Nyssa, ed. Paris, A. D. 1615 and 1638 the dannons is only another title for No. 3.
[Gregorius Nyssenus), to whom, however, it 10. Fabricius mentions a work of Severus in
does not belong; and A. D. 1648, again in the eight books, if not more, Ilepl Tŵr dúo quoéwv,
Auctarium Novum of Combéfis, by whom it was De duabus Naturis, but does not cite his authority.
more correctly ascribed to Hesychius of Jerusalem Of the other works of Severus the principal were,
[Hesychius, No. 7). How the piece came to be 11. his 'EMOTOlal, Epistolae, of which Mont-
ascribed to Sererus is discussed by Galland in the faucon enumerates nearly sixty, without including
Prolegomena (c. 3) to vol. xi. of his Bibliotheca those to the Emperor Justinian and the Empress
Patrum, in which the piece is reprinted. An Theodora, and to the patriarch Theodosius of
.
## p. 801 (#817) ############################################
SEVERUS.
801
SEVERUS.
Alexandria, cited by Evagrius (11. E. iv. 10) and I authentic record of the Old or Mosaic Dispen-
Nicephorus Callisti (H. E. xvii. 8), the Zuvodiká, sation, promulgated by the Demiurgos, and as
Synodica, or 'ETIOTOAal ouvodiral, Epistolae Sy- such may have used them, and argued from them ;
nodicae, or 'Erotonal évOpoviotikai, Epistolae In- but yet denied their authority as binding upon
augurales, issued by him on his promotion to the themselves, who had embraced the New Dis-
patriarchate, in which he anathematized the council pensation, which rested not on the authority of
of Chalcedon, and all who supported doctrine the Demiurgos, but on the higher and opposite
the two natures of Christ. (Evagr. 11. E. ii. 33, 34 ; authority of the Supreme and All-merciful God.
Niceph. Callist. H. E. xvii. 2. ) Of his other works This explanation of two apparently opposite state-
the following are cited in various MSS. : 12. 'Twakon ments is at any rate consistent with the leading
eis tous páptupas, Hypacöe in Martyres, or simply principles of Gnosticism. The curious opinions of
'Trakon, Ilypacöe. 13. Ilpos 'Avaotáciov dias Severus, at least of the Severiani, as to the genca-
Aoyos, Dialojus ad (s. Contra) Anastasium. 14. logy of the Devil, and the origin of the vine, and
Προς Ευπραξιον κουβικουλάριoν αποκρίσεις, Re- of the formation of woman and man, are noticed
sponsiones ad Euprarium Cubicularium. 15. Els clsewhere [TATIANUS). Sercrus denied the
TO" ayos ó còs," oúvtayua, Syntagma in apostolic office of Paul, and consequently the
illud,“ Sanctus Deus ;” and, 16. Bibaos Târ authority of his writings ; going in these respects
υποσημειωθέντων ιδιοχείρως διαφόρων κεφαλαίων, beyond Tatian. His followers also denied, according
Liber capitum variorum manu propria sulsignato- to Augustin, the resurrection of the body, which is
rum, of which Joannes Damascenus cites a passage likely enough. It is not impossible that these
in the Appendix to his De Jejuniis (Le Quien's ed. differences may have led to the temporary division
1. c. ). Several citations of the works of Severus of the sect of the Encratitae to which Severus and
are given in the Hodegus s. Dur Viue of Anastasius Tatian both belonged, and to the formation of
Sinaita, and by Photius (Biblioth. Cod. 230) and separate bodies under the respective names of
in the Concilia; but they are chiefly, if not wholly, Tariani and Severiani, who afterwards reunited
irom his Sermones and Epistolae. A work, Liber under the old and generic name of Encratitae.
de Ritibus Baptismi et Sacrae Synazis apud Syros The ascetic features, abstinence from marriage and
receptis, published in Syriac, with a Latin version, from the use of animal food and wine, appear to
4to. Antwerp, 1572, under the name of Severus, have been common to the whole body, whether
patriarch of Alexandria*, is ascribed in some designated Tatiani, Severiani, or Encratitae. [TA-
MSS. to our Severus ; and Cave inclines to assign TIANUS). (Euseb. l. c. ; Epiphan. Haeres. xlv. ;
it to him. Dionysius Bar Salibi, a Syriac writer, Augustin. l. c. ; Theodoret. 1. c. ; Ittigius, De Iłae-
cites a work of " Severus patriarcha oecumenicus,” resiarchis, sect. ii. c. xii. & xv. ; Tillemont, Mé-
which he entitles Canticum Crucis (Assemani, moires, vol. ii. p. 414 ; Neander, Church History
Bill. Orient. vol. ii. p. 205). The works of Severus (by Rose), vol. ii. p. 111; and (by Torrey) vol. ii.
are enumerated imperfectly by Cave (Hist. Litt. p. 167, note 3. )
ad ann. 513, vol. i. p. 499, and more fully by 4. HAERESIARCHA. [Nos. 2, 3. ]
Montſaucon (Biblioth. Coislin. p. 53, &c. ), and Fa- 5. MONOPHYSITA. [No. 2. ]
bricius (Biblioth. Graec. vol. x. p. 616, &c. ). 6. Rhetor. Of this writer nothing certain is
3. ENCRATITA. There were two Severi emi- known. Fabricius is disposed to identify him with
ment as leaders of bodies accounted heretical. the Sebñpos Coplotn's 'Pwuaios, Severus Sophista
The earlier was a leader of one of the divisions of Romanus, mentioned by Suidas (s. v. ) and by Pho-
the Gnostic body; the latter, and far more cele- tius, in his abstract of the life of Isidorus by Damas.
brated was the Monophysite Patriarch of Antioch cius (Biblioth. Cod. 242). The Severus of Photius
[See No. 2. ) We speak here of the former, who resided at Alexandria in the latter part of the fifth
appears to have lived in the latter part of the second century, in the enjoyment of an ample library, and of
century. Little is known of his personal history. literary leisure, and was a great patron and encou-
Eusebius (H. E. iv. 29), speaking of the sect of the rager of learned men, circumstances which bespeak
Encratitae and their founder Tatian (Tatianus), him to have been a man of fortune. The prospect
says that a certain person named Severus having of the revival of the Western Empire during the
strengthened the sect, gave occcasion to their brief reign of the Emperor Anthemius [ANTHE-
being called, after his own name, Severiani. Theo MIUS), led him to visit Rome, where he obtained
doret also makes Severus posterior to Tatian the honour of the consulship (A. D. 470), which
(Haeret. Fabul. Comp. i. 21). Epiphanius, on the honour, according to Damascius, was portended by
other hand, makes Severus anterior to Tatian. the circumstance, deemed a prodigy, that his
But the silence of Irenaeus, who mentions Tatian, horse, when rubbed down, emitted from his skin
but not Severus, makes it probable that Tatian an abundance of sparks. Severus, the rhetorician,
was the earlier. Our account of the opinions of wrote the following works: - 1. 'Hooroita. , Etho-
the Severiani is very obscure. According to Eu- poeiae, a series of fictitious speeches, supposed to
sebius they admitted the Law and the Prophets be uttered by various historical or poetical per-
(Euseb. H. E. iv. 29), while according to Augustin sonages at particular conjunctures.
There are
they rejected them (De Haeres. c. xxiv. ). It is extant eight of these Ethopociae. Some of them
not improbable that they admitted them as an were first printed, with a Latin version, by Fed.
Morel, 8vo. Paris, 1616: viz. , 1. Herculis, Peri-
The Severus of Alexandria, to whom this clymeno in certamine sese commutante. 2. Menelui,
Liturgy is ascribed, is apparently Severus sur- rapta a Paride Helena. 3. (but in an imperfect
named Bar Maschi, who lived in the tenth cen- form) Hectoris, quum comperisset Priamum apud
tury after the Saracen conquest had superseded inferos cum Achille conviratum : and, 4. with
both the Greek government and the Greek lan. title merely of Fragmentum alterius Ethopoeiae, a
guage in Egypt ; so that he comes not within the fragment of a fourth, which was afterwards given in
limits of our work.
a complete form by Allatius; viz. Pictoris, dcpicture
3 r
VOL. III.
## p. 802 (#818) ############################################
802
SEVERUS.
SEVERUS.
a se puellae amore correpti. Morel himself published served some rather large extracts from the writings
it complete, under the name of the sophist Aristides; of Severus.
These may possibly belong to the
5. Achillis, apud inferos elocti captam a Pyrrho other Severus; but upon the whole it seems better
Trojam esse. The foregoing, but in a more ample to attribute them to this one, and to suppose that
form and in a different order, were included, with a those passages where mention is made of Archi-
new Latin version, in the Excerpta varia Graecorum genes (iij. I. 34, pp. 480, 481), Oribasius (ii. 3.
Sophistarum ac Rhetorum of Allatius, 8vo. Paris, 102, iii. 1. 34. pp. 348, 481), and Severus (ii. 3.
1641. Gale included those already published, 43, 98, 102, pp. 319, 341, 312, 347), were written
with these additional ones, 6. Aeschinis, cum by Aëtius himself. If the places where Antonius
deprehenderet Philippi imaginem apud Demosthenem, Musa (ii. 3. 30. p. 312), Apollonius (ibid. and ii.
7. Ejusdem, in exilium abeuntis, cum ei Demosthenes 3. 43, p. 319), and Asclepiades Pharmacion (ii. 3.
viaticum daret. 8. Briseis, cum Praecones eam 85, p. 334), are quoted, belong to Severus, he
abducerent; in his Rhetores Selecti, 8vo. Oxford, must have lived towards the end of the first century
1676. No. 7 had been published in the collection after Christ. One of his medical formulae is quoted
of Allatius, but under the name of Theodorus by Alexander Trallianus (ii. 5, p. 174. ). Fabricius
Cynopolites. Gale added a new Latin version of mentions (Bibl. Gr. vol. xiii. p. 394, ed. vet. ) a
his own, and gave a revised, at least a different, physician named Severianus, as quoted by Aëtius ;
text. The whole eight are included in the Rhe- but this is probably a mistake either in the Greek
tores Gracci of Walz, vol. i. p. 539, 8vo. Stuttgard text or in the Latin translation. He also men-
and Tubingen, 1832. II. Ainyuata, Narrationes. tions a physician named Theodosius Severus ; but
1. De Viola ; 2. De Hyacintho; 3. De Narcisso; “ Theodotium” is only the title giren by Severus
4. De Arione ; 5. De Icaro ; 6. De Oto et to one of his medicines. (See Bibl. Gr. vol. viii.
Ephialte. These were first published by Iriarte. p. 329. )
(Regiao Biblioth. Matritensis Codd. Gracci M Sti, 2. The author of a short Greek treatise nepl
vol. i. p. 462, fol. Madrid, 1769), and are reprinted 'Evetupwv VTO KAvothpwv, De Clysteribus, which
:
by Walz in the collection just cited, p. 357. They was first published by F. R. Dietz, 8vo. Regim.
are very short. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vi. p. Pruss. 1836. He is called by the title of latro-
53. )
[J. C. M. ] sophista, and from some of the words he uses (e. g.
SEVE'RUS, bishop of Mileum in Numidia, Lokantiomós) may be supposed to have lived in
the friend and ardent admirer of St. Augustine, the sixth or seventh century after Christ. There
composed in the fervour of overflowing affection a is nothing in the work itself that deserves parti.
panegyrical epistle still extant, inscribed Venerabili cular notice here.
(W. A. G. )
ac desiderabili et toto sinu charitatis amplectendo SEVERUS, the architect, with Celer, of Nero's
episcopo Augustino. It will be found among the golden house. (Tac. Ann. xv. 42 ; Suet. Ner. 31;
correspondence of the bishop of Hippo, n. cix. ed. CELER. )
(P. S. )
Bened. From Ep. cx. of the same collection it SEVEʻRUS, ACI'LIUS, consul A. D. 323,
appears that Severus died before the object of his with Vettius Rufinus, in the reign of Constantius.
love and reverence.
[W. R. ] (Fasti. )
SEVERUS, was bishop of Minorca in the SEVE’RUS, T. ALLE’DIUS, a Roman eques,
early part of the fifth century, at a time when a married his own niece to please Agrippina, because
great number of the Jews settled in that island she married her uncle the emperor Claudius. (Tac.
were suddenly converted to Christianity. This | Ann. xii. 7 ; comp. Suet. Claud. 26. )
happy change was ascribed by the prelate to the SEVE'RUS, A'NNIUS, father of Fabia Ores.
presence of the relics of St. Stephen, the proto- tilla, who was great grand-daughter of Antoninus,
martyr, which had been deposited in the church and wife of the elder Gordian. (Capitolin. Gor-
at Mago (Mahon) by Orosius, upon his return dian. tres, c. 6. )
(W. R. )
from the East [OROSIUS), and the event was SEVE'RUS, AQUILLIUS, a Spaniard, lived
solemnly announced to all ecclesiastics throughout under Valentian, and wrote a work, partly in
the world in a circular letter written A. D. 218, prose and partly in poetry, which is thus described
and inscribed Epistola ad omnes orbis terrarum by Hieronymus (de Vir. Ill. c. 3):
“ volumen,
Episcopos, Presbyteros, et Diaconos. This piece quasi 'Odoiropikóv, totius suae vitae statum con-
was nrst brought to light from among the MSS. tinens, tam prosa, quam versibus, quod vocavit
in the Vatican by Baronius, who published it in kataotpooriv, sive Deipar. ” (Wernsdorf, Poëtae
his annals, and it will be found also in the Ap- Latini Minores, vol. v. p. 1491. )
pendix to the seventh volume of the Benedictine SEVERUS, M. AUREYLIUS ALEXAN.
edition of St. Augustine, under the title of Severi | DER, usually called ALEXANDER SEVERUS,
Epistola ad omnem Ecclesiam de Virtutibus in Mi- Roman emperor, A. D. 222—235, the son of
noricensi insula factis per reliquias Sancti Stephani Gessius Marcianus and Julia Mamaea, and first
Martyris.
(W. R. ). cousin of Elagabalus (see genealogy under CARA-
SEVE'RUS (Ee6ņpos or Eevñpos), the name of CALLA), was born at Arce, in Phoenicia, in the
two physicians, who have been supposed to be the temple of Alexander the Great, to which his parents
same person by Bandini, in his excellent catalogue had repaired for the celebration of a festival. There
of the Library at Florence (see the Index), and is some doubt as to the year and day of his birth ;
one of whom (probably the former) is mentioned but the 1st of October, a. D. 205, is probably the
in a list of those who were most eminent in medical correct date, although Herodian places the event so
science. (Cramer's Anecd. Graeca Paris. vol. iv. ) low as A. D. 208. His original name appears to
1. A physician who is mentioned by Archigenes have been Alerianus Bassianus, the latter appel-
(ap. Gal. De Compos. Medicam. sec. Loc. iij. I. lation having been derived from his maternal grand-
vol. xii. p. 623), and in terms which seem to imply father. Upon the elevation of Elagabalus, he
that he was dead when Archigenes wrote. The accompanied his mother and the court to Rome,
Dame occurs several times in Aëtius, who has pre- a report having been spread abroad, and havi:ig
## p. 803 (#819) ############################################
SEVERUS.
803
SEVERUS.
RE
3
gained credit, that he also, as well as the emperor, Such is the acconnt given of the result of this
was the son of Caracalla. This connection was campaign by all ancient writers, with the exception
afterwards recognised by himself, for he publicly of Herodian, who draws a frightful picture of the
spoke of the divine Antoninus as his sire; and the losses sustained by the sword and by disease, and
same fact is asserted by the genealogy recorded on represents Severus as having been obliged to retreat
ancient monuments. In A.
under the name of Severus, and under the impres-Severus, is noticed by Photius (Biblioth. Cod. 52).
sion that it had never before been printed, a Severus wrote this work before his elevation to the
fragment, which he entitled Severi Archiepiscopi Patriarchate. Severus wrote also two works against
Antiocheni Concordantia Evangelistarum circa ea the Council of Chalcedon: one, 8. Tà Dilainen,
quae in Sepulcro Domini contigerunt : item de Sab- or rather 'O annons, Philalethes s. Amator Veri
batis et de Varietate Exemplarium S. Marci Evan- (comp. Anastas. Sinait. l. c. ); the other, 9, in
gelistae : but the fragment has been identified with defence of the former, under the title of ’Atologia
a piece previously published among the works of Toù øldalhoovs, Philalethae Apologia. Perhaps
Gregory of Nyssa, ed. Paris, A. D. 1615 and 1638 the dannons is only another title for No. 3.
[Gregorius Nyssenus), to whom, however, it 10. Fabricius mentions a work of Severus in
does not belong; and A. D. 1648, again in the eight books, if not more, Ilepl Tŵr dúo quoéwv,
Auctarium Novum of Combéfis, by whom it was De duabus Naturis, but does not cite his authority.
more correctly ascribed to Hesychius of Jerusalem Of the other works of Severus the principal were,
[Hesychius, No. 7). How the piece came to be 11. his 'EMOTOlal, Epistolae, of which Mont-
ascribed to Sererus is discussed by Galland in the faucon enumerates nearly sixty, without including
Prolegomena (c. 3) to vol. xi. of his Bibliotheca those to the Emperor Justinian and the Empress
Patrum, in which the piece is reprinted. An Theodora, and to the patriarch Theodosius of
.
## p. 801 (#817) ############################################
SEVERUS.
801
SEVERUS.
Alexandria, cited by Evagrius (11. E. iv. 10) and I authentic record of the Old or Mosaic Dispen-
Nicephorus Callisti (H. E. xvii. 8), the Zuvodiká, sation, promulgated by the Demiurgos, and as
Synodica, or 'ETIOTOAal ouvodiral, Epistolae Sy- such may have used them, and argued from them ;
nodicae, or 'Erotonal évOpoviotikai, Epistolae In- but yet denied their authority as binding upon
augurales, issued by him on his promotion to the themselves, who had embraced the New Dis-
patriarchate, in which he anathematized the council pensation, which rested not on the authority of
of Chalcedon, and all who supported doctrine the Demiurgos, but on the higher and opposite
the two natures of Christ. (Evagr. 11. E. ii. 33, 34 ; authority of the Supreme and All-merciful God.
Niceph. Callist. H. E. xvii. 2. ) Of his other works This explanation of two apparently opposite state-
the following are cited in various MSS. : 12. 'Twakon ments is at any rate consistent with the leading
eis tous páptupas, Hypacöe in Martyres, or simply principles of Gnosticism. The curious opinions of
'Trakon, Ilypacöe. 13. Ilpos 'Avaotáciov dias Severus, at least of the Severiani, as to the genca-
Aoyos, Dialojus ad (s. Contra) Anastasium. 14. logy of the Devil, and the origin of the vine, and
Προς Ευπραξιον κουβικουλάριoν αποκρίσεις, Re- of the formation of woman and man, are noticed
sponsiones ad Euprarium Cubicularium. 15. Els clsewhere [TATIANUS). Sercrus denied the
TO" ayos ó còs," oúvtayua, Syntagma in apostolic office of Paul, and consequently the
illud,“ Sanctus Deus ;” and, 16. Bibaos Târ authority of his writings ; going in these respects
υποσημειωθέντων ιδιοχείρως διαφόρων κεφαλαίων, beyond Tatian. His followers also denied, according
Liber capitum variorum manu propria sulsignato- to Augustin, the resurrection of the body, which is
rum, of which Joannes Damascenus cites a passage likely enough. It is not impossible that these
in the Appendix to his De Jejuniis (Le Quien's ed. differences may have led to the temporary division
1. c. ). Several citations of the works of Severus of the sect of the Encratitae to which Severus and
are given in the Hodegus s. Dur Viue of Anastasius Tatian both belonged, and to the formation of
Sinaita, and by Photius (Biblioth. Cod. 230) and separate bodies under the respective names of
in the Concilia; but they are chiefly, if not wholly, Tariani and Severiani, who afterwards reunited
irom his Sermones and Epistolae. A work, Liber under the old and generic name of Encratitae.
de Ritibus Baptismi et Sacrae Synazis apud Syros The ascetic features, abstinence from marriage and
receptis, published in Syriac, with a Latin version, from the use of animal food and wine, appear to
4to. Antwerp, 1572, under the name of Severus, have been common to the whole body, whether
patriarch of Alexandria*, is ascribed in some designated Tatiani, Severiani, or Encratitae. [TA-
MSS. to our Severus ; and Cave inclines to assign TIANUS). (Euseb. l. c. ; Epiphan. Haeres. xlv. ;
it to him. Dionysius Bar Salibi, a Syriac writer, Augustin. l. c. ; Theodoret. 1. c. ; Ittigius, De Iłae-
cites a work of " Severus patriarcha oecumenicus,” resiarchis, sect. ii. c. xii. & xv. ; Tillemont, Mé-
which he entitles Canticum Crucis (Assemani, moires, vol. ii. p. 414 ; Neander, Church History
Bill. Orient. vol. ii. p. 205). The works of Severus (by Rose), vol. ii. p. 111; and (by Torrey) vol. ii.
are enumerated imperfectly by Cave (Hist. Litt. p. 167, note 3. )
ad ann. 513, vol. i. p. 499, and more fully by 4. HAERESIARCHA. [Nos. 2, 3. ]
Montſaucon (Biblioth. Coislin. p. 53, &c. ), and Fa- 5. MONOPHYSITA. [No. 2. ]
bricius (Biblioth. Graec. vol. x. p. 616, &c. ). 6. Rhetor. Of this writer nothing certain is
3. ENCRATITA. There were two Severi emi- known. Fabricius is disposed to identify him with
ment as leaders of bodies accounted heretical. the Sebñpos Coplotn's 'Pwuaios, Severus Sophista
The earlier was a leader of one of the divisions of Romanus, mentioned by Suidas (s. v. ) and by Pho-
the Gnostic body; the latter, and far more cele- tius, in his abstract of the life of Isidorus by Damas.
brated was the Monophysite Patriarch of Antioch cius (Biblioth. Cod. 242). The Severus of Photius
[See No. 2. ) We speak here of the former, who resided at Alexandria in the latter part of the fifth
appears to have lived in the latter part of the second century, in the enjoyment of an ample library, and of
century. Little is known of his personal history. literary leisure, and was a great patron and encou-
Eusebius (H. E. iv. 29), speaking of the sect of the rager of learned men, circumstances which bespeak
Encratitae and their founder Tatian (Tatianus), him to have been a man of fortune. The prospect
says that a certain person named Severus having of the revival of the Western Empire during the
strengthened the sect, gave occcasion to their brief reign of the Emperor Anthemius [ANTHE-
being called, after his own name, Severiani. Theo MIUS), led him to visit Rome, where he obtained
doret also makes Severus posterior to Tatian the honour of the consulship (A. D. 470), which
(Haeret. Fabul. Comp. i. 21). Epiphanius, on the honour, according to Damascius, was portended by
other hand, makes Severus anterior to Tatian. the circumstance, deemed a prodigy, that his
But the silence of Irenaeus, who mentions Tatian, horse, when rubbed down, emitted from his skin
but not Severus, makes it probable that Tatian an abundance of sparks. Severus, the rhetorician,
was the earlier. Our account of the opinions of wrote the following works: - 1. 'Hooroita. , Etho-
the Severiani is very obscure. According to Eu- poeiae, a series of fictitious speeches, supposed to
sebius they admitted the Law and the Prophets be uttered by various historical or poetical per-
(Euseb. H. E. iv. 29), while according to Augustin sonages at particular conjunctures.
There are
they rejected them (De Haeres. c. xxiv. ). It is extant eight of these Ethopociae. Some of them
not improbable that they admitted them as an were first printed, with a Latin version, by Fed.
Morel, 8vo. Paris, 1616: viz. , 1. Herculis, Peri-
The Severus of Alexandria, to whom this clymeno in certamine sese commutante. 2. Menelui,
Liturgy is ascribed, is apparently Severus sur- rapta a Paride Helena. 3. (but in an imperfect
named Bar Maschi, who lived in the tenth cen- form) Hectoris, quum comperisset Priamum apud
tury after the Saracen conquest had superseded inferos cum Achille conviratum : and, 4. with
both the Greek government and the Greek lan. title merely of Fragmentum alterius Ethopoeiae, a
guage in Egypt ; so that he comes not within the fragment of a fourth, which was afterwards given in
limits of our work.
a complete form by Allatius; viz. Pictoris, dcpicture
3 r
VOL. III.
## p. 802 (#818) ############################################
802
SEVERUS.
SEVERUS.
a se puellae amore correpti. Morel himself published served some rather large extracts from the writings
it complete, under the name of the sophist Aristides; of Severus.
These may possibly belong to the
5. Achillis, apud inferos elocti captam a Pyrrho other Severus; but upon the whole it seems better
Trojam esse. The foregoing, but in a more ample to attribute them to this one, and to suppose that
form and in a different order, were included, with a those passages where mention is made of Archi-
new Latin version, in the Excerpta varia Graecorum genes (iij. I. 34, pp. 480, 481), Oribasius (ii. 3.
Sophistarum ac Rhetorum of Allatius, 8vo. Paris, 102, iii. 1. 34. pp. 348, 481), and Severus (ii. 3.
1641. Gale included those already published, 43, 98, 102, pp. 319, 341, 312, 347), were written
with these additional ones, 6. Aeschinis, cum by Aëtius himself. If the places where Antonius
deprehenderet Philippi imaginem apud Demosthenem, Musa (ii. 3. 30. p. 312), Apollonius (ibid. and ii.
7. Ejusdem, in exilium abeuntis, cum ei Demosthenes 3. 43, p. 319), and Asclepiades Pharmacion (ii. 3.
viaticum daret. 8. Briseis, cum Praecones eam 85, p. 334), are quoted, belong to Severus, he
abducerent; in his Rhetores Selecti, 8vo. Oxford, must have lived towards the end of the first century
1676. No. 7 had been published in the collection after Christ. One of his medical formulae is quoted
of Allatius, but under the name of Theodorus by Alexander Trallianus (ii. 5, p. 174. ). Fabricius
Cynopolites. Gale added a new Latin version of mentions (Bibl. Gr. vol. xiii. p. 394, ed. vet. ) a
his own, and gave a revised, at least a different, physician named Severianus, as quoted by Aëtius ;
text. The whole eight are included in the Rhe- but this is probably a mistake either in the Greek
tores Gracci of Walz, vol. i. p. 539, 8vo. Stuttgard text or in the Latin translation. He also men-
and Tubingen, 1832. II. Ainyuata, Narrationes. tions a physician named Theodosius Severus ; but
1. De Viola ; 2. De Hyacintho; 3. De Narcisso; “ Theodotium” is only the title giren by Severus
4. De Arione ; 5. De Icaro ; 6. De Oto et to one of his medicines. (See Bibl. Gr. vol. viii.
Ephialte. These were first published by Iriarte. p. 329. )
(Regiao Biblioth. Matritensis Codd. Gracci M Sti, 2. The author of a short Greek treatise nepl
vol. i. p. 462, fol. Madrid, 1769), and are reprinted 'Evetupwv VTO KAvothpwv, De Clysteribus, which
:
by Walz in the collection just cited, p. 357. They was first published by F. R. Dietz, 8vo. Regim.
are very short. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vi. p. Pruss. 1836. He is called by the title of latro-
53. )
[J. C. M. ] sophista, and from some of the words he uses (e. g.
SEVE'RUS, bishop of Mileum in Numidia, Lokantiomós) may be supposed to have lived in
the friend and ardent admirer of St. Augustine, the sixth or seventh century after Christ. There
composed in the fervour of overflowing affection a is nothing in the work itself that deserves parti.
panegyrical epistle still extant, inscribed Venerabili cular notice here.
(W. A. G. )
ac desiderabili et toto sinu charitatis amplectendo SEVERUS, the architect, with Celer, of Nero's
episcopo Augustino. It will be found among the golden house. (Tac. Ann. xv. 42 ; Suet. Ner. 31;
correspondence of the bishop of Hippo, n. cix. ed. CELER. )
(P. S. )
Bened. From Ep. cx. of the same collection it SEVEʻRUS, ACI'LIUS, consul A. D. 323,
appears that Severus died before the object of his with Vettius Rufinus, in the reign of Constantius.
love and reverence.
[W. R. ] (Fasti. )
SEVERUS, was bishop of Minorca in the SEVE’RUS, T. ALLE’DIUS, a Roman eques,
early part of the fifth century, at a time when a married his own niece to please Agrippina, because
great number of the Jews settled in that island she married her uncle the emperor Claudius. (Tac.
were suddenly converted to Christianity. This | Ann. xii. 7 ; comp. Suet. Claud. 26. )
happy change was ascribed by the prelate to the SEVE'RUS, A'NNIUS, father of Fabia Ores.
presence of the relics of St. Stephen, the proto- tilla, who was great grand-daughter of Antoninus,
martyr, which had been deposited in the church and wife of the elder Gordian. (Capitolin. Gor-
at Mago (Mahon) by Orosius, upon his return dian. tres, c. 6. )
(W. R. )
from the East [OROSIUS), and the event was SEVE'RUS, AQUILLIUS, a Spaniard, lived
solemnly announced to all ecclesiastics throughout under Valentian, and wrote a work, partly in
the world in a circular letter written A. D. 218, prose and partly in poetry, which is thus described
and inscribed Epistola ad omnes orbis terrarum by Hieronymus (de Vir. Ill. c. 3):
“ volumen,
Episcopos, Presbyteros, et Diaconos. This piece quasi 'Odoiropikóv, totius suae vitae statum con-
was nrst brought to light from among the MSS. tinens, tam prosa, quam versibus, quod vocavit
in the Vatican by Baronius, who published it in kataotpooriv, sive Deipar. ” (Wernsdorf, Poëtae
his annals, and it will be found also in the Ap- Latini Minores, vol. v. p. 1491. )
pendix to the seventh volume of the Benedictine SEVERUS, M. AUREYLIUS ALEXAN.
edition of St. Augustine, under the title of Severi | DER, usually called ALEXANDER SEVERUS,
Epistola ad omnem Ecclesiam de Virtutibus in Mi- Roman emperor, A. D. 222—235, the son of
noricensi insula factis per reliquias Sancti Stephani Gessius Marcianus and Julia Mamaea, and first
Martyris.
(W. R. ). cousin of Elagabalus (see genealogy under CARA-
SEVE'RUS (Ee6ņpos or Eevñpos), the name of CALLA), was born at Arce, in Phoenicia, in the
two physicians, who have been supposed to be the temple of Alexander the Great, to which his parents
same person by Bandini, in his excellent catalogue had repaired for the celebration of a festival. There
of the Library at Florence (see the Index), and is some doubt as to the year and day of his birth ;
one of whom (probably the former) is mentioned but the 1st of October, a. D. 205, is probably the
in a list of those who were most eminent in medical correct date, although Herodian places the event so
science. (Cramer's Anecd. Graeca Paris. vol. iv. ) low as A. D. 208. His original name appears to
1. A physician who is mentioned by Archigenes have been Alerianus Bassianus, the latter appel-
(ap. Gal. De Compos. Medicam. sec. Loc. iij. I. lation having been derived from his maternal grand-
vol. xii. p. 623), and in terms which seem to imply father. Upon the elevation of Elagabalus, he
that he was dead when Archigenes wrote. The accompanied his mother and the court to Rome,
Dame occurs several times in Aëtius, who has pre- a report having been spread abroad, and havi:ig
## p. 803 (#819) ############################################
SEVERUS.
803
SEVERUS.
RE
3
gained credit, that he also, as well as the emperor, Such is the acconnt given of the result of this
was the son of Caracalla. This connection was campaign by all ancient writers, with the exception
afterwards recognised by himself, for he publicly of Herodian, who draws a frightful picture of the
spoke of the divine Antoninus as his sire; and the losses sustained by the sword and by disease, and
same fact is asserted by the genealogy recorded on represents Severus as having been obliged to retreat
ancient monuments. In A.
