No More Learning

1. A grammarian and
editions of Hesiod, 4to. Venice, 1537, and Basel, bucolic poet, a native of Syracuse. He lived
1544, and in the edition of Heinsius, 4to. Leyden, about the close of the third century B. C. , and, ac-
1603. 3. Scholia in Euripidis Tragoedius, employed cording to Suidas (s. v. Móoxos), was acquainted
by Arsenius, archbishop of Monembasia, in his with Aristarchus. He calls himself a pupil of
collection of Scholia in Septem Euripidis Tragoedias, Bion, in the Idyl in which he bewails the death
8vo. Ven. 1534. Scholia on the Odae of Pindar of the latter (Bion). But it is difficult to say
(Fabric. Bill. Graec. vol. ii. p. 67), and perhaps on whether he means more than that he imitated Bion.
the Ajax Flagellifer and Electra of Sophocles (see Of his personal history we know nothing further.
Scherpezeel. ibid. ), by Moschopulus, are extant in Of his compositions we have extant four idyls.
MS. 4. Grammaticae Artis Graecae Methodus ; | 1. 'Epws Spatréins. 2. Eủpwań. 3. Επιτάφιος
consisting of three parts, i. Erotemata s. Quae- Bíwvos. 4. Merápa. The last of these is written
stiones ; ii. Canones; ii. Declinationes 6. Declina- in the Ionic dialect, with but few Dorisms. Be-
tionis Paradigmata. This work was first printed sides these larger pieces, there are three small
with the Erotemata of Demetrius Chalcondylas, fragments and an epigram extant. The idyls of
4to. about A. D. 1493, but the copies have no note Moschus were at first intermixed with those of
either of time or place ; nor has the work of Mo. Theocritus, and one or two of those ascribed to
schopulus any general title ; that which we have Theocritus have been, though without sufficient
prefixed is from the edition of Walder, 8vo. Basel, reason, supposed to be the productions of Moschus,
1540. 5. Twv ovoudtwv 'ATTIKoutlors, Vocum as, for example, the 20th and 28th. Eudocia (p.
Atticarum Collectio. The words are professedly 408) ascribes to Theocritus the third of the Idyls
collected from the Etkoves, Icones s. Imagines, of of Moschus. But they have since been carefully
Philostratus, and from the poets. This sylloge was separated, on the authority of MSS. and quota-
given at the end of the Dictionarium Graecum pub- tions in Stobaeus. To judge from the pieces
lished by Aldus, fol. Venice, 1524, and was printed which are extant, Moschus was capable of writing
again, with the similar works of Thomas Magister with elegance and liveliness; but he is inferior to
and Phrynicus, 8vo. Paris, 1532. A MS. of this Bion, and comes still farther behind Theocritus.
work, as already observed, expressly ascribes it to His style labours under an excess of polish and
the nephew. 6. Tepi Twv óvouátwv kal ønuárw ornament. The idyls of Moschus have been usually
OUVTátews, De Constructione Nominum et Verborum; edited with those of Bion. The editions are too
and 7. llepi mpoowotwv, De Accentibus, both in- many to be enumerated; for the best the reader
cluded in the little volume of grammatical treatises is referred to Bion. The poems of Moschus have
published by Aldus and Asulanus, Venice, 1525. been frequently translated and imitated in English,
The De Accentibus was reprinted with the work of German, French, Italian, Hungarian, and Russian.
Varennius on the same subject, 12mo. Paris, 1544, (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iii. p. 805, &c. )
and again in 1559. 8. Περί γραμματικής γυμ- 2. See Mochus.
varias, De Grammatica Exercitatione, formerly 3. A writer on mechanics, mentioned by Athe-
ascribed to Basil, the Greek father, and printed in naeus (xiv. p. 634, b).
several of the older editions of his works. This
4. A grammarian, apparently, the author of a
work is ascribed to Moschopulus by Crusius(Turco work entitled 'Exńynois 'Podiakwy négewv, men-
Graec. p. 44), and is substantially coincident with tioned by Athenaeus (xi. p. 485, e). (C. P. M. ]
the work mentioned next. 9. Iepi oxeow s. De MOSCHUS, JOANNES, or, as Photius calls
Ratione examinandae Orationis Libellus, 4to. Paris, him, Joannes the son of Moschus, sumamed
1545, and reprinted at Vienna, 1773. 10. De Eurpatâs, or, what appears to be a corruption of
Vocum Passionibus, first published by G. H. Schaef- that, Eviratus, was first a monk in the monastery
fer, in the appendix to his edition of Gregorius of St. Theodosius at Jerusalem, afterwards lived
Corinthius Dc Dialectis, 8vo. Leipzig, 1811 (np. among the anchorites in the desert on the banks of
675—681, conf. not. in pag. 908). 1. Excerpta the Jordan, and subsequently filled the office of
Seserus Ac
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## p. 1117 (#1133) ##########################################

MUCIA.
1117
MUCIANUS.
Its
canonarchus in the convent of St. Saba. Bollandus | Mucia next married M. Aemilius Scaurus, a step-
gives a. D. 620 as the date of his death. After son of the dictator Sulla. In B. C. 39, Mucia, at the
visiting a large number of the monasteries in Syria, earnest request of the Roman people, went to
Egypt, and the West, he applied himself to the Sicily to mediate between her son Sex. Pompey
composition of a work giving an account of the and Augustus. She was living at the time of the
lives of the monks of that age, down to the time of battle of Actium, B. c. 31. Augustus treated her
Heraclius. It was addressed to Sophronius or with great respect. (Ascon. in Scaur. p. 19, Orelli ;
Sophronas, his friend and pupil, who accompanied Cic. ad Fum. v. 2, ad Att. i. 12 ; Dion Cass. xxxvii.
him on his travels, and became subsequently patri- 49, xlviii
. 16, li. 2, lvi. 38 ; Appian. B. C. v. 69,
arch of Jerusalem. The work was entitled Aequcón 72 ; Suet. Caes. 50 ; Plut. Pomp. 42; Zonar. x.
or Aeruwvéplov, or Néos napádeloos. In the edi- 5; Hieron. in Jovin. i. 48. ) Whether the Mucia
tions it is divided into 219 chapters ; Photius mentioned by Valerius Maximus (ix. 1. $ 8) be
speaks of it as consisting of 304 dinythuata, but the same person is uncertain.
inentions that in other manuscripts it was divided MU'CIA GENS, was a very ancient patrician
into a larger number of chapters. In compiling it house, ascending to the earliest aera of the republic
Moschus did not confine himself to giving the re(Dionys. v. 25; Liv. ii. 12). It existed in later
sults of his own observations, but availed himself of times, however, only as a plebeian house.
the labours of predecessors in the same field. His only cognomens are Corpus and SCAEVOLA,
narratives contain a plentiful sprinkling of the under which are given all persons of the name of
marvellous. He every where attacks the heresy of Mucius.
(W. B. D. ]
Severus Acephalus. The style of the work, as MUCIANUS, P. LICI'NIUS CRASSUS
Photius says, is mean and unpolished. But Joannes DIVES, was the son of P. Mucius Scaevola, consul
Damascenus and Nicephorus assigned Sophronius B. c. 175, and brother of P. Mucius Scaevola, who
himself as the author of the work, from which it was consul B. c. 133, in the year in which Tib.
has been supposed that it was in reality mainly his Gracchus lost his life. (Plut. Tib. Gracchus,
work, though the name of Joannes Moschus was 9.
) Mucianus was adopted by P. Licinius Cras-
allowed to stand as that of the writer. The work sus Dives, who was the son of P. Licinius Crassus
was first published in an Italian translation, and Dives, consul B. c. 205. This at least is Drumann's
incorporated in several collections of lives of the opinion, who thinks that it is more probable that
saints. The Latin translation of Ambrosius Camal- he was adopted by the son than by the father.
dulensis is in the seventh volume of Aloysius Lipo-On being adopted he assumed, according to
mannus, Venice, 1558. It appeared in Greek and Roman fashion, the name of Crassus, with the
Latin in the second volume of the Auctarium Bibl. addition of Mucianus, which indicated his former
Patrum Ducaeanum, Paris, 1624, and in the Bi- gens. Cicero (de Orat. i. 56) speaks of his being
bliotheca Patrum, Paris, 1644, 1654. (Phot. Cod. a candidate for the aedileship ; and he gives an
199 ; Fabric. Bill. Graec. vol. x. p. 124 ; Voss. anecdote of Serv. Sulpicius Galba, who was a distin-
de Hist
. Graec. p. 334, Westermann. ) [C. P. M. ] guished orator, pressing Crassus hard on a question
MOSCHUS," VULCA'TIUS, was banished of law, and of Crassus being compelled to support
from Rome, and admitted as a citizen of Massilia, his legal opinion against the equitable arguments of
to which town he left his property. (Tac. Ann. Servius by referring to the writings of his brother,
iv. 43. )
P. Mucius, and of Sext. Aelius.
MOSTIS, a king of Epeirus, known only to us Mucianus attained the dignity of pontifex maxi-
from coins, a specimen of which is annexed. mus, and A. D. 131 he was elected consul, in
which year he left Rome to conduct the war against
Aristonicus in Asia, who maintained his claim to
BALIAEN
the kingdom of Pergamus against the will of At-
talus III. , who had bequeathed it to the Romans.
Crassus was the first pontifex maximus, according
to Livy (Epit. 59) who went beyond the limits
MOITIAOW of Italy ; but this is not true, unless Scipio Nasica
was deprived of his office, for Nasica was ponti-
fex maximus B. C. 133, after the death of Tib.
Gracchus, and retired to Asia, where he soon died.
MOTHO'NE (Mobávn), a daughter of Oeneus, (Plut. Tib. Gracchus, 21. ) Crassus succeeded
from whom the town of Mothone was believed to Nasica in the pontificate. Crassus was unsuccess-
have derived its name. (Paus. iv. 35. $ 1. ) [L. S. ] ful in the war. He was attacked at the siege of
MU'CIA. 1. The elder daughter of Q. Mucius Leucae by Aristonicus, and defeated. Between
Scaevola, the celebrated augur, and Laelia, daughter Elaea and Smyrna he was overtaken by the
of C. Laelius Sapiens (LAELIA, No. 1]. She married Thracian body-guard of Aristonicus ; and to avoid
L. Licinius Crassus, the orator, and was renowned being made prisoner, he provoked one of the
for her conversational excellence. (Cic. Brut. 58. Thracians to kill him. His head was carried to
§ 211, de Orat. iii. 12 ; Val. Max. viii. 8. $ 1; Aristonicus.
Quint. Inst. i. 1. $ 6. )
The historian Sempronius Asellio (Gellius, i. 13)
2. With the epithet TERTIA, was the daughter says that Crassus possessed five things, which of
of Q. Mucins Scaevola, the augur, consul in B. c. 95. all good things are the greatest and the chief. He
She was a cousin (soror) of Q. Metellus Celer, was most wealthy, noble, eloquent, most learned in
consul in B c. 60, and of Q. Metellus Nepos, consul the law, and pontifex maximus. The same histo-
in B. c. 57. Mucia married Cn. Pompey, by whom rian records an instance of the unreasonable severity
she had two sons, Cneius and Sextus, and a daughter, with which he punished at the siege of Leucae a
Pompeia. She was divorced by Pompey just be deviation from the strict letter of his orders. Cras-
fore his return from the Mithridatic war in B. C. 62. sus had two daughters; the elder Licinia, was the
i
COIN OP MOSTIS.


## p. 1118 (#1134) ##########################################

1118
MUCIANUS.
MUCIANUS.
borribes
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translatio
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works of
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B. C.
etter of
the orig
wife of C. Sulpicius Galba, the son of Serv. Sul- | the oath of allegiance to Otho ; but when the civil
picius Galba, consul B. c. 144. (Cic. Brut. 26, war broke out between bim and Vitellius, Vespa-
33. ) The younger Licinia was the wife of C. sian resolved to seize the imperial throne. In this
Sempronius Gracchus (Plut. Tib. Gracchus, 21; resolution he was warmly encouraged by Mucianus,
Dig. 24. tit. 3. 8. 66), according to Plutarch, whose who hoped to have a great share in the exercise of
opinion is supported by the passage in the Digest. the imperial power while Vespasian bore the name.
Crassus was both an orator and a lawyer. As | When Vespasian at length, after great hesitation,
an orator, however, he is considered by Cicero to absumed the imperial title, Mucianus immediately
have been inferior to his contemporary P. Sulpicius administered to his own soldiers the oath of allegi-
Galba. He was, however, a distinguished speaker, ance to the new emperor; and it was resolved that
an eminent jurist (Cic. de Orat. i. 37, 56, Brut. 26), he should march into Europe against Vitellius, while
and a man of exemplary industry, which is shown Vespasian and Titus remained behind in Asia.
by the fact of his mastering the various dialects of Mucianus used great efforts to provide his army
Greek, when he was in Asia, so completely, as to with everything that was necessary; he liberally
be able to make his decrees in the dialect which contributed from his own purse, and unmercifully
the suitor had adopted. (Val. Max. viii. 7. S 6. ) plundered the provincials to obtain a sufficient
No legal work of his is mentioned.
supply of money. However, there was litile occa-
Crassus is mentioned by Pomponius (Dig. 1. tit. sion for his services, for the Vitellians were en-
2. s. 2. $ 40, cc. ) in the following terms: - tirely defeated by Antonius Primus [PRIMUS), of
“ Etiam Lucius Crassus, frater Publii Mucii, qui whom, in consequence, Mucianus became very
Mucianus dictus est. Ilunc Cicero ait juriscon- jealous. Mucianus marched through Phrygia and
sultorum disertissimum. " Grotius considers the Cappadocia, and arrived in Europe just in time to
words " frater . . . dictus est," to be an interpola- repress a rising of the Dacians, who had seized
tion, and that the L. Crassus is not Mucianus, both banks of the Danube. Primus had entered
because he is called Lucius, and because the Rome before Mucianus ; but on the arrival of the
description does not suit him. But it is remarked latter he had to surrender all the power into his
by Zimmern that Cicero calls Mucianus “ in numero hands. Domitian, the son of Vespasian, was nomi-
disertissimorum” (De Orat. i. 56), and he says nally at the head of affairs ; but Mucianus was
the same in substance in another passage (Brut. the real sovereign, and lived in almost regal
26). Besides this, L. Crassus, who must be taken splendour. Still, although he boasted haughtily of
to be Crassus the orator, if the reading of Grotius the services he had rendered to Vespasian, his
is right, was not a jurist. The criticisni of Grotius fidelity never seems to have wavered ; and all his
is therefore groundless. The authorities for the life various measures were calculated to support and
of Mucianus are contained in Drumann, Geschichte strengthen the new dynasty. When Vespasian
Roms, Licinii Crassi, No. 21.
[G. L. ] was on his way to Italy, Mucianus went to Brun-
MUCIANUS, LICI'NIUS, three times consul disium to meet him, accompanied by the principal
in A. D. 52, 70, and 75 respectively, must have Roman nobles. The services of Mucianus had
passed by adoption from the Mucian to the Licinian been so great, that Vespasian continued to show
gens. His character is drawn in a few strokes by him his favour, although his patience was not a
the masterly hand of Tacitus. (Hist. i. 10. ) He little tried by the arrogance of his subject. The
was alike distinguished for good and for evil, for last circumstance recorded of Mucianus is that he
luxurious indulgence and energetic work, for affa- persuaded Vespasian to banish the philosophers
bility and haughtiness ; when he had nothing to from Rome. He seems to have died in the reign
attend to, he revelled in excessive pleasures ; but of Vespasian, as his name does not occur either
when business required his attention, he displayed under Titus or Domitian.
great abilities. Thus his public conduct deserved Mucianus was not only a general and a states-
praise, his private condemnation. As a youth, he man, but an orator and an historian. His powers
courted with assiduity the favour of the powerful, of oratory are greatly praised by Tacitus, who tells
and succeeded in obtaining the consulship in the us that Mucianus could address an auditory even
reign of Claudius, A. D. 52; but having squandered in Greek with great effect. He made a collection
his property, and becoming likewise an object of of the speeches of the republican period, which he
suspicion to Claudius, he went into retirement in arranged and published in eleven books of Acta
Asia, and there lived, says Tacitus, as near to the and three of Epistolae. The subject of his history
condition of an exile as afterwards to that of an is not mentioned ; but, judging from the references
emperor. We gather from Pliny (H. N.