1rel causal
predominates
over e?
Demosthenese - First Philippic and the Olynthiacs
duio-Kew: the verb is often applied to underhand
devices ; 52 ? 2 diafifixas 5061156: Kano-Kevalcb-res, 45 ? 5 ,unxavii-rac
Kal Karaoxeudfei 10. 13111, 21 ? 134 etc.
Theopompus (quoted by Photius p. 588) ml. ne'mrovm 1rpr MMmrov
rpsvflsu'rd; 'Av-rirpdwra. KG-l- Xapivsnuov updgov-ras xal wept ? Ll\l:4li, o'i. nape. -
yevo'psvoi a-uawsi'flew aI'J-rbv 5'er slpovv 5 v dwnppfi'rzp owl-rrpa'i-r'rew 'Aflnvaioig,
61m; av AdBwo-w 'Aaqti-rrokw v-rrio'xvoflaevol. IIfiSvav' cl 6% npe? rrfleu; oi. 115v
'Aonvaimv cl; "Ev Tbv dfipwv ofide? v almjyszov, flovho'yevm havodvew foil;
Huovmi'ous 61:81. 86an ne'Movres 115106;, 5v dm'gipfirrg 85 'LETti Tris Bouhfig
s'wparrov. Grcte c. 86 vii 665 f, ASchaefer ii 20 .
'Assuming that these negotiations took place, a fact that is not doubted
by modern writers, then Athens was more to blame than Philip, for
Philip betrayed no one, while Athens betrayed the trust reposed in her
by Pydna,' Holm Gk. Hist. iii 0. 15 note 8.
59. wpocayayopevov: Thuc. iii 43, 2 dmiry rpoad-yea'fiai Ta
1007009.
? 71. 60. Ho-refSamv K'rh. : 356 13. 0. ; cp. 1 ? 12.
61. e? geheiv, 'to take completely,' or 'by storm,' expugna're ;
or 'to destroy,' 'i'aze'; 8 ? 44, 23 ? 115, Thuc. iii 113, 6,
viii 46, 3. The latter is probably the meaning here.
The fact that Poteidaea was handed over to the Olynthians (l. 62) makes
it doubtful at first sight whether its destruction was complete. Diodorus
xvi 8 simply says rbv BE miAw e'favdpunoded-yevoq, but the excerpts of
Gemistus Plethon 1, 15 add mt same-Kai us, while the schol. on Dem. 6
? 20 adds Kai than; instead. It was re 11ilt by Cassander in 316 11. 0.
(ASchaefer ii 252 n. 1).
o'vppdxovs: the Poteidaeans (schol. ) There was no alliance
between Philip and Athens, but only between Philip and the
Athenians resident in Poteidaea, [7] ? 10. The addition of
was in many of the mss implies that vuaadxous was supposed
to refer to the Athenians, to whom Philip had offered alliance
in 359 13. 0. (23 ? 121).
62. wupaaoiivm. Horeioaiav 'Ohvv0lois 2 6 ? 20, 23 ? 107. The
site alone is probably meant. @swakoivs: 1 ? 12.
63. Mayv'qa'fcw tapase? o'ew: so far from surrendering
Magnesia, Philip began to fortify it (1 ? 22). He only qfi'e'red
M
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 162 SECOND OLYNTHIAO' II ? ? 7, 8
to surrender it (M. e? fiioov, 6 ? 22) in 346 13. 0. , at the close of
the Phocian war.
64. 16v @omueov wohqmv : 1 ? 26; 355--46 11. 0.
The Phocians ' had laid themselves open to a charge of sacrilege, having
taken into cultivation a portion of the fruitful plain (of Cirrha), which
had been doomed by the decree of the Amphictyons in the first Sacred
War to lie for ever waste . . Thebes did not put herself forward, but
probably instigated some of the Thesscdi'mr members of the council to
prosecute the Phocians for this ofl'ence' Thirlwall v 265. Philip ulti-
mately fulfilled the promise to the Thessalians recorded in the text by
bringing the Phocian war to an end in 346 13. 0.
65. thus, 'in short. ' See also 1. 127.
67. Enid-raw . . dd, 'cvery people in tum,' 1 ? 9; Plato
Gory. 464 D 1Q Be' del 'hdlorq: anefieral. 11'11' fill/ow. " Kal
e? gmrare? . dvomv, 'infatuation'; more mildly termed
ei'nfiOaa. when the orator's own countrymen are concerned,
1. 55.
68. npowhapfidev, ' winning over,' 'gaining over,' 'tnrning
to his own use,' Aeschin. 3 ? 126 wpoahaflcbv 1'1711 100 'ypdillavros
dreiplav. Cp. 1. 59 rpooa'ya'ybnevov.
69. others sums up the sense of the two preceding participles.
? 8 l. 69. Suzi. 'rm'nwv: either masc. e? Kdova . . 'rt'bu d'yvo-
oiiv-rwr (101-611, mentioned again in the next clause, #Kair-ror (so
Rehdantz and others), or (more probably) neut. (so Heslop).
The latter is confirmed by 6161 100 afi-rofi in Thucydides quoted
below, also by the neut. in of: . . 170M011 in ? 5 (l. 48), and by
61' 6:11 and 616. 1029er in ? 26. Cp. Aristot. Eth. N. ii 1, 6
('K Tin! 0. 171651! Kai 5181. T511 1115161! Kai 'ylveTaL 1riio'o dper'i) Kai
? 0elpcraz. In 3 ? 31, however, find new is certainly masc.
70. '5qu ue? yas : ? 5 news 11175-4011. For the sense cp. Thuc.
vi 11, 3 Q) yap 8. 11 'rpb1rrp T'ifll fine-re? pav (dpx'hv) p. 616. Heho'lrov-
vnolwv d? e? hwvrau eiKbs 01rd T611 afrer mi 1671/ o? sre? pau 5rd 1017
ai'rroi; Kafiarpefifivat.
71. Mastha: Aesch. Frag. 456 Nsuck optimer 'ydp TOL Kai
1ra0eiv 6? el)\e'rar, Soph. Frag. 209 To>> 5pc'5wa--695elhe1'at.
72. inas'fi, 'now that,' as in 1 ? 7, not 'since,' for which
e? 1rel is used in 4 ? ? 2, 25. e? reififi is ambiguous in 4 ? 1. e? -lreuS-ii
also occurs in 5 ? 8, 8 ? ? 1, 40 ; 9 ? ? 6, 24 bis, 57, 64, 72, etc. ;
in all 196 times in temporal sense (including 111 Aor. , 55
Imperf. , 13 Perf. , 17 Pluperf. , 3 Pres. Ind), 76 times in causal
sense (including 30 Pres, 13 Iniperfi, 18 Aor. , 7 Perf. Ind. )
?
1rel causal predominates over e? -zrel temporal, except in Herod.
(64 z 435) and Xen. (117 : 800). In Demosthenes the exx. are
54 : 9 (Zycha Wiener Studie'n. vii 84, 106).
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? II ? ? 8, 9 SECOND 0L YNTHIAC' 163
73. 1'0th e? gehfith-rat: Goodwin II! T. ? 687. Kalpoi:
emphatic, dependent on 1rpos 10010, with which cp. 1 ? 8.
75. fl ('0r,' 'else ') nupekOe? v--Setgd'm: 3 ? 28 '8 ? powdrw
'ns 6,11,02 rpoaewdw. Up. and (=el 6e? #16) in Cic. dc Fin. iv 72
(mt doceat. It is clearly different to the ordinary use of i},
found thrice in the rest of the sentence: (76) fl J's--M70, fl
x-rk, i. e. 'eithcr that my facts (? ? 6, 7) are untrue, or my
inferences wrong. '
79. SeSovhupe? vou: the Thessalians are of course meant,
though they cannot be mentioned in a generalised statement.
Some (e. g. Franke) regard the implied 'enslavement' of the
Thessalians as an exaggeration ; but dovhela is the regular term
for 'political subjection,' which is here intended. Thuc. i 8, 4,
ii 63, 1, v 69, 1 (Heslop). (J's) . . oi'm Ev . . ye? vowflo):
potential Opt. , not suggesting any definite condition (Goodwin
MT. ? 236). The mood and tense of the Opt. with dv are
unafi'ected by indirect discourse with 03s or (in (ib. ? 681).
? 9 1. 82. Kaee? fiew--rd. npdypa-ra, 'will maintain his
power. '
83. 'rd. mefio. ('forts,' or 'fortified places,' such as Pydna,
Poteidaea, Methone). Kul. Mue? vas (in Thessaly, 1 ? 22, e. g.
Pagasae). For the omission of the Article cp. 23 ? 70 rolls
"ye'ypa/me? vous venous Kai d'ypacpa ve? pma. Even before words
contrasted with one another in sense the Article may be
omitted, when there is no special reason (as in 1 ? 22 T01):
Mae? vas Kai Ta: d'yopds) for making each word equally prominent.
Cp. Rehdantz Index 2 s. v. Artikel.
84. wpoethqdie? vat, ' occupied,' ' taken by surprise. '
81'cw "Av--(100) elvcu. 'prOCI'fiKEL. 'When a confederacy rests
upon union of sentiments, and all have one common interest in the war,
men take a delight in sharing the same toils, in bearing the same burdens,
and in persevering together to the end. But when, by aggression and
intrigue, one party, like this Prince, has waxed powerful over the rest,
the first pretext, the slightest reverse, shakes off the yoke, and it is gone l
For it is not, 0 men of Athens, it is not in nature, that stability should
be given to power by oppression, and falsehood, and perjury. Dominion
may for once he thus obtained ; it may even endure for a season ; and, by
the favour of fortune. may present to men's hopes a flourishing aspect;
but time will search it, and 0f itself it must crumble in pieces. For, as
the lower part of buildings and vessels, and all such structures, should be
the most solid, so ought the motives and principles of our actions to be
founded in justice and in truth' (Brongham's Works vii 29, 188). As a
modern parallel cp. Sir William Harcourt on the Turkish Empire :--' You
may prop, you may patch up, that rotten edifice as you please, but the
decayed and decaying fragments will crumble to pieces in spite of all your
efl'orts' (Speech on Armenia Times 6th Oct. 1896 p. 5 b).
85. Krav ptv--c'vorrfi, 'when power is kept together (con-
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 164 SECOND OLYNTHIAC' II ? ? 9, 10
solidated) by good-will. ' The scattered portions of Philip's
dominions are described in 8 ? 41 as Ta 111711 ova/Sefirarae? ua.
86. o-vp-rrovei'v no. 1. ? e? pew rds a'up. ? op6. s ark, 'to share the
toil and to bear the hardships (of war) and to persevere. ' It is
unnecessary to suppose that the preposition of the first verb
influences the second. Demosthenes could hardly have said
aua? e? psw rd: avazpopds, especially after using a'v,u. ? e? py in another
sense in the previous clause. The first two phrases have
nevertheless a closer affinity with one another than with the
third; cp. Soph. Ant. 537 ml EV/L/LGTld'Xi-d Kai ? e? pw rfis alrlas
' I share the burden of the charge ' (Jebb).
89. (lirav) lo-X6 , 'has become powerful'; dependent on
gnomic Aor. , dvsxu. rurev ark, regarded as a primer tense
(Goodwin MT. ? ? 171, 533, 155). 1'] 1rpe? r1| wpdyituvls,
'the very first cause,' or 'occasion,' however trifling. Op.
Plato Rep. 566 E quoted in first note on ? 21.
90. pakpbv wrote-pa, 'the slightest reverse,' lit. 'a slight
stumble. ' dveXut'rw-ev: durl. roii dve? koibev ii dve? rpegber
(Harpoon), 'upsets,' ' shakes off,' 'throws oil',' as a horse throws
his rider, when he rears and tosses up his mane (xalrn). Eur.
Beach. 1072 ? vhdcrdwv ,un") dvaxairloue? 11w, Hipp. 1232 ga'drnhe
Kdvexalrweu, Dionys. Ant. Rom. v 15 01 i'rrrol . . e? 1rl 10? :
614019104; dvlo'ravrai 1roo'l Kal robs e? rlfld'ras dvaxal'rlo'avres
drroaelovrai, Pollux 1 ? 210 Kal drroo'elov-rm (Tau l1r1r6-rnv) Kal
e? K? e? pou01 Kal dvaxazrlfoum 11, ldTCl'. /L? l'0l Kurd. 'ror'ls ofipalovs' #6608.
We have another metaphor from horsemauship in 9 ? 51
e? xrpax-qhm'Ofivai 'plunged head foremost into ruin. ' In the
text the metaphor is softened by the addition of a fresh
metaphor (91) 8ie? huu'ev, ' breaks up,' suggested by (85) o-uo'rfi.
For a similar combination of metaphors cp. Isocr. 7 ? 12
0656910. xpe? rov rd: sz'n'uxlas Karao'xs'iv fifivvn'B-q/lev, dhhd. raxe? ws
dreaxapup'qa'd/Lefla Kal diehe? aauev adrds'. The imitator of Demo-
sthenes in [11] ? 7 has fire? cewe Kal die? huo'ev (gnomic Aor.
as here).
devices ; 52 ? 2 diafifixas 5061156: Kano-Kevalcb-res, 45 ? 5 ,unxavii-rac
Kal Karaoxeudfei 10. 13111, 21 ? 134 etc.
Theopompus (quoted by Photius p. 588) ml. ne'mrovm 1rpr MMmrov
rpsvflsu'rd; 'Av-rirpdwra. KG-l- Xapivsnuov updgov-ras xal wept ? Ll\l:4li, o'i. nape. -
yevo'psvoi a-uawsi'flew aI'J-rbv 5'er slpovv 5 v dwnppfi'rzp owl-rrpa'i-r'rew 'Aflnvaioig,
61m; av AdBwo-w 'Aaqti-rrokw v-rrio'xvoflaevol. IIfiSvav' cl 6% npe? rrfleu; oi. 115v
'Aonvaimv cl; "Ev Tbv dfipwv ofide? v almjyszov, flovho'yevm havodvew foil;
Huovmi'ous 61:81. 86an ne'Movres 115106;, 5v dm'gipfirrg 85 'LETti Tris Bouhfig
s'wparrov. Grcte c. 86 vii 665 f, ASchaefer ii 20 .
'Assuming that these negotiations took place, a fact that is not doubted
by modern writers, then Athens was more to blame than Philip, for
Philip betrayed no one, while Athens betrayed the trust reposed in her
by Pydna,' Holm Gk. Hist. iii 0. 15 note 8.
59. wpocayayopevov: Thuc. iii 43, 2 dmiry rpoad-yea'fiai Ta
1007009.
? 71. 60. Ho-refSamv K'rh. : 356 13. 0. ; cp. 1 ? 12.
61. e? geheiv, 'to take completely,' or 'by storm,' expugna're ;
or 'to destroy,' 'i'aze'; 8 ? 44, 23 ? 115, Thuc. iii 113, 6,
viii 46, 3. The latter is probably the meaning here.
The fact that Poteidaea was handed over to the Olynthians (l. 62) makes
it doubtful at first sight whether its destruction was complete. Diodorus
xvi 8 simply says rbv BE miAw e'favdpunoded-yevoq, but the excerpts of
Gemistus Plethon 1, 15 add mt same-Kai us, while the schol. on Dem. 6
? 20 adds Kai than; instead. It was re 11ilt by Cassander in 316 11. 0.
(ASchaefer ii 252 n. 1).
o'vppdxovs: the Poteidaeans (schol. ) There was no alliance
between Philip and Athens, but only between Philip and the
Athenians resident in Poteidaea, [7] ? 10. The addition of
was in many of the mss implies that vuaadxous was supposed
to refer to the Athenians, to whom Philip had offered alliance
in 359 13. 0. (23 ? 121).
62. wupaaoiivm. Horeioaiav 'Ohvv0lois 2 6 ? 20, 23 ? 107. The
site alone is probably meant. @swakoivs: 1 ? 12.
63. Mayv'qa'fcw tapase? o'ew: so far from surrendering
Magnesia, Philip began to fortify it (1 ? 22). He only qfi'e'red
M
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 162 SECOND OLYNTHIAO' II ? ? 7, 8
to surrender it (M. e? fiioov, 6 ? 22) in 346 13. 0. , at the close of
the Phocian war.
64. 16v @omueov wohqmv : 1 ? 26; 355--46 11. 0.
The Phocians ' had laid themselves open to a charge of sacrilege, having
taken into cultivation a portion of the fruitful plain (of Cirrha), which
had been doomed by the decree of the Amphictyons in the first Sacred
War to lie for ever waste . . Thebes did not put herself forward, but
probably instigated some of the Thesscdi'mr members of the council to
prosecute the Phocians for this ofl'ence' Thirlwall v 265. Philip ulti-
mately fulfilled the promise to the Thessalians recorded in the text by
bringing the Phocian war to an end in 346 13. 0.
65. thus, 'in short. ' See also 1. 127.
67. Enid-raw . . dd, 'cvery people in tum,' 1 ? 9; Plato
Gory. 464 D 1Q Be' del 'hdlorq: anefieral. 11'11' fill/ow. " Kal
e? gmrare? . dvomv, 'infatuation'; more mildly termed
ei'nfiOaa. when the orator's own countrymen are concerned,
1. 55.
68. npowhapfidev, ' winning over,' 'gaining over,' 'tnrning
to his own use,' Aeschin. 3 ? 126 wpoahaflcbv 1'1711 100 'ypdillavros
dreiplav. Cp. 1. 59 rpooa'ya'ybnevov.
69. others sums up the sense of the two preceding participles.
? 8 l. 69. Suzi. 'rm'nwv: either masc. e? Kdova . . 'rt'bu d'yvo-
oiiv-rwr (101-611, mentioned again in the next clause, #Kair-ror (so
Rehdantz and others), or (more probably) neut. (so Heslop).
The latter is confirmed by 6161 100 afi-rofi in Thucydides quoted
below, also by the neut. in of: . . 170M011 in ? 5 (l. 48), and by
61' 6:11 and 616. 1029er in ? 26. Cp. Aristot. Eth. N. ii 1, 6
('K Tin! 0. 171651! Kai 5181. T511 1115161! Kai 'ylveTaL 1riio'o dper'i) Kai
? 0elpcraz. In 3 ? 31, however, find new is certainly masc.
70. '5qu ue? yas : ? 5 news 11175-4011. For the sense cp. Thuc.
vi 11, 3 Q) yap 8. 11 'rpb1rrp T'ifll fine-re? pav (dpx'hv) p. 616. Heho'lrov-
vnolwv d? e? hwvrau eiKbs 01rd T611 afrer mi 1671/ o? sre? pau 5rd 1017
ai'rroi; Kafiarpefifivat.
71. Mastha: Aesch. Frag. 456 Nsuck optimer 'ydp TOL Kai
1ra0eiv 6? el)\e'rar, Soph. Frag. 209 To>> 5pc'5wa--695elhe1'at.
72. inas'fi, 'now that,' as in 1 ? 7, not 'since,' for which
e? 1rel is used in 4 ? ? 2, 25. e? reififi is ambiguous in 4 ? 1. e? -lreuS-ii
also occurs in 5 ? 8, 8 ? ? 1, 40 ; 9 ? ? 6, 24 bis, 57, 64, 72, etc. ;
in all 196 times in temporal sense (including 111 Aor. , 55
Imperf. , 13 Perf. , 17 Pluperf. , 3 Pres. Ind), 76 times in causal
sense (including 30 Pres, 13 Iniperfi, 18 Aor. , 7 Perf. Ind. )
?
1rel causal predominates over e? -zrel temporal, except in Herod.
(64 z 435) and Xen. (117 : 800). In Demosthenes the exx. are
54 : 9 (Zycha Wiener Studie'n. vii 84, 106).
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? II ? ? 8, 9 SECOND 0L YNTHIAC' 163
73. 1'0th e? gehfith-rat: Goodwin II! T. ? 687. Kalpoi:
emphatic, dependent on 1rpos 10010, with which cp. 1 ? 8.
75. fl ('0r,' 'else ') nupekOe? v--Setgd'm: 3 ? 28 '8 ? powdrw
'ns 6,11,02 rpoaewdw. Up. and (=el 6e? #16) in Cic. dc Fin. iv 72
(mt doceat. It is clearly different to the ordinary use of i},
found thrice in the rest of the sentence: (76) fl J's--M70, fl
x-rk, i. e. 'eithcr that my facts (? ? 6, 7) are untrue, or my
inferences wrong. '
79. SeSovhupe? vou: the Thessalians are of course meant,
though they cannot be mentioned in a generalised statement.
Some (e. g. Franke) regard the implied 'enslavement' of the
Thessalians as an exaggeration ; but dovhela is the regular term
for 'political subjection,' which is here intended. Thuc. i 8, 4,
ii 63, 1, v 69, 1 (Heslop). (J's) . . oi'm Ev . . ye? vowflo):
potential Opt. , not suggesting any definite condition (Goodwin
MT. ? 236). The mood and tense of the Opt. with dv are
unafi'ected by indirect discourse with 03s or (in (ib. ? 681).
? 9 1. 82. Kaee? fiew--rd. npdypa-ra, 'will maintain his
power. '
83. 'rd. mefio. ('forts,' or 'fortified places,' such as Pydna,
Poteidaea, Methone). Kul. Mue? vas (in Thessaly, 1 ? 22, e. g.
Pagasae). For the omission of the Article cp. 23 ? 70 rolls
"ye'ypa/me? vous venous Kai d'ypacpa ve? pma. Even before words
contrasted with one another in sense the Article may be
omitted, when there is no special reason (as in 1 ? 22 T01):
Mae? vas Kai Ta: d'yopds) for making each word equally prominent.
Cp. Rehdantz Index 2 s. v. Artikel.
84. wpoethqdie? vat, ' occupied,' ' taken by surprise. '
81'cw "Av--(100) elvcu. 'prOCI'fiKEL. 'When a confederacy rests
upon union of sentiments, and all have one common interest in the war,
men take a delight in sharing the same toils, in bearing the same burdens,
and in persevering together to the end. But when, by aggression and
intrigue, one party, like this Prince, has waxed powerful over the rest,
the first pretext, the slightest reverse, shakes off the yoke, and it is gone l
For it is not, 0 men of Athens, it is not in nature, that stability should
be given to power by oppression, and falsehood, and perjury. Dominion
may for once he thus obtained ; it may even endure for a season ; and, by
the favour of fortune. may present to men's hopes a flourishing aspect;
but time will search it, and 0f itself it must crumble in pieces. For, as
the lower part of buildings and vessels, and all such structures, should be
the most solid, so ought the motives and principles of our actions to be
founded in justice and in truth' (Brongham's Works vii 29, 188). As a
modern parallel cp. Sir William Harcourt on the Turkish Empire :--' You
may prop, you may patch up, that rotten edifice as you please, but the
decayed and decaying fragments will crumble to pieces in spite of all your
efl'orts' (Speech on Armenia Times 6th Oct. 1896 p. 5 b).
85. Krav ptv--c'vorrfi, 'when power is kept together (con-
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 164 SECOND OLYNTHIAC' II ? ? 9, 10
solidated) by good-will. ' The scattered portions of Philip's
dominions are described in 8 ? 41 as Ta 111711 ova/Sefirarae? ua.
86. o-vp-rrovei'v no. 1. ? e? pew rds a'up. ? op6. s ark, 'to share the
toil and to bear the hardships (of war) and to persevere. ' It is
unnecessary to suppose that the preposition of the first verb
influences the second. Demosthenes could hardly have said
aua? e? psw rd: avazpopds, especially after using a'v,u. ? e? py in another
sense in the previous clause. The first two phrases have
nevertheless a closer affinity with one another than with the
third; cp. Soph. Ant. 537 ml EV/L/LGTld'Xi-d Kai ? e? pw rfis alrlas
' I share the burden of the charge ' (Jebb).
89. (lirav) lo-X6 , 'has become powerful'; dependent on
gnomic Aor. , dvsxu. rurev ark, regarded as a primer tense
(Goodwin MT. ? ? 171, 533, 155). 1'] 1rpe? r1| wpdyituvls,
'the very first cause,' or 'occasion,' however trifling. Op.
Plato Rep. 566 E quoted in first note on ? 21.
90. pakpbv wrote-pa, 'the slightest reverse,' lit. 'a slight
stumble. ' dveXut'rw-ev: durl. roii dve? koibev ii dve? rpegber
(Harpoon), 'upsets,' ' shakes off,' 'throws oil',' as a horse throws
his rider, when he rears and tosses up his mane (xalrn). Eur.
Beach. 1072 ? vhdcrdwv ,un") dvaxairloue? 11w, Hipp. 1232 ga'drnhe
Kdvexalrweu, Dionys. Ant. Rom. v 15 01 i'rrrol . . e? 1rl 10? :
614019104; dvlo'ravrai 1roo'l Kal robs e? rlfld'ras dvaxal'rlo'avres
drroaelovrai, Pollux 1 ? 210 Kal drroo'elov-rm (Tau l1r1r6-rnv) Kal
e? K? e? pou01 Kal dvaxazrlfoum 11, ldTCl'. /L? l'0l Kurd. 'ror'ls ofipalovs' #6608.
We have another metaphor from horsemauship in 9 ? 51
e? xrpax-qhm'Ofivai 'plunged head foremost into ruin. ' In the
text the metaphor is softened by the addition of a fresh
metaphor (91) 8ie? huu'ev, ' breaks up,' suggested by (85) o-uo'rfi.
For a similar combination of metaphors cp. Isocr. 7 ? 12
0656910. xpe? rov rd: sz'n'uxlas Karao'xs'iv fifivvn'B-q/lev, dhhd. raxe? ws
dreaxapup'qa'd/Lefla Kal diehe? aauev adrds'. The imitator of Demo-
sthenes in [11] ? 7 has fire? cewe Kal die? huo'ev (gnomic Aor.
as here).
