, 146;
accompanies Urban II to Rome, 95; her
friendliness to Henry V, 104, 156; makes
him her heir, 104; rising of Lucca against,
220; death of, 104, 160; Henry V goes to
Italy to secure inheritance of, 104, 160 sq.
accompanies Urban II to Rome, 95; her
friendliness to Henry V, 104, 156; makes
him her heir, 104; rising of Lucca against,
220; death of, 104, 160; Henry V goes to
Italy to secure inheritance of, 104, 160 sq.
Cambridge Medieval History - v5 - Contest of Empire and the Papacy
; their defence of Rhodes,
Cyprus, and Malta, 332
Knights of St Thomas of Acre, 306
Knights of Santiago, 683
Knights of the Sword, in Livonia, 332 sq.
Knights Templars, foundation of, 305 sq. ;
growth of their power, 306; support Guy
de Lusignan, 309; rivalry with Knights of
St John, 315 sq. ; 682, 696
Knights, Teutonic, see Teutonic Knights
Knights of the Wing of St Michael, 683
Knut, King of England, favours family of
Godwin, 482
Königsberg, foundation of, 333
Koloman, King of Hungary, seeks aid of
Roger I of Sicily, 183; his reception of
crusaders, 275; his hostility to later bands
of crusaders, 277; his relations with God.
frey of Bouillon, 281
Kornelimünster, abbey of, 659
Krak des Chevaliers, castle of, 312
Kreuzburg, Conrad III faces Henry the
Proud at, 347
Kulm, battle of, 336 sq. , 352
Kuttenberg, 352
Kyme, family of, 569
La Bresse, 616
Index
John of Damascus, 805
John Ducas, Greek leader against William I
of Sicily, 192
John of Faenza, the canonist, 742
John of Ibelin, jurisconsult of Cyprus, 303,
304, 315
John of Maffa, St, 683
John of Matera, hermit, 688
John the Scot, Eriugena, 784 sq. ; his philo-
sophy, 785 sqq.
John the Spaniard, translates Avencebrol,
817
Jordan, river, Emperor John's invasion of
valley of, 249; 301, 304, 315
Jordan, prince of Capua, relations with
Gregory VII, 77, 86, 180; rebels against
Guiscard, 180
Jordan, cardinal of Santa Susanna, sent by
Eugenius III as legate to Germany, 379
Jordan Pierleoni, leads revolution in Rome,
369; made “ Patrician," 370
Joscelin I of Courtenay, count of Edessa,
301; his power, 307
Joscelin II, count of Edessa, 301; feebleness
of his rule, 307; loses Edessa, ib.
Joscelin de Balliol, see Balliol
Joscelin, bishop of Salisbury, and Becket,
563 sq.
Joscelin, Norman noble, revolts against
Robert Guiscard, 176
Juan Garcia el Hispano, the jurist, 748
Jubail (Byblus), 264
Judith, daughter of Henry III, her marriage
with Salomo of Hungary, 113; 133
Judith, daughter of Henry the Black, mother
of Frederick Barbarossa, 153, 381
Judith, wife of Richard II of Normandy,
484, 490
Judith, niece of William I, wife of Waltheof,
518
Julian, the Emperor, his philosophy, 782
Jumièges, monastery at, 486, 491; abbot of,
493, 686
Justiciar, the, his position in Henry II's
reign, 574 sqq.
Justinian, the Emperor, Chap. xxı; and
presentation to benefices, 7; his codifica-
tion of laws, its influence on East and
West, 222, 704; juristic study of, 717 sqq.
Kachatur, Armenian governor of Antioch,
261
Kāfür, Abu'l-mish, his rule in Egypt, 245
sqq.
Kaina, trial of Henry the Lion at, 405
Kaiserswerth, Henry IV abducted at, 44,
115, 129
Kamāl-ad-Din, historian, on treaty between
Greeks and Muslims, 247 note; 250 note,
255 note
Kāmil, Sultan of Egypt, 314 sq.
Kappel, village near Hersfeld, 131
Karak, castle of, 312
Karak and Montreal, lordship of the king-
dom of Jerusalem, 302
C. MED. H. VOL. V.
62
## p. 978 (#1024) ###########################################
978
Index
La Cava, monastic order of, 668
La Chaise-Dieu, abbey, 669
La Charité-sur-Loire, monastery, 664
La Cuba, palace of, 206
Lacy family, fiefs of, 511
Lacy, Hugh de, justiciar of Ireland, 566
Lacy, John de, supports Henry II, 568
Lacy, Roger de, rebels against William II,
521, 523
Ladislas I, King of Hungary, hostile to
Henry IV, 139; married to a daughter of
Rudolf, ib.
La Ferté-Alais, castle of, 593, 596
La Ferté-Hauterive, monastery, 664
La Ferté-sur-Grosne, Cistercian abbey, 672,
674, 676
La Flèche, 518; lord of, 527, 529 sq. ; see
Hélie
Lagny-sur-Marne, council at, 606
L'Aigle, in Normandy, 531; see also Richer
La Marche, county of, 615, 627
Lancashire, 507, 541; sheriff of, 571
Lancaster, town, 530, 549
Lancaster, honour of, 530, 537, 541
Lancegesil, 771
Lancelin of Bulles, 597, 602
Landoin of Lucca, abbot of the Grande-
Chartreuse, 669
Landolf II, archbishop of Milan, driven out
by people of Milan, 213
Landulf, leader of Pataria at Milan, 40;
excommunicated by archbishop, 41; death
of, 47
Lanfranc, of Pavia, prior of Bec and arch.
bishop of Canterbury, 496; teaches at
Pavia, 733, 779; founds a school at Bec,
ib. ; attacks Berengar, 3, 496, 792;
Alexander II his pupil at Bec, 43; nego-
tiates reconciliation of William the Con-
queror with Papacy, 496; made archbishop
of Canterbury,516; his work as a reformer,
46, 496; his ordinances for monks, 666;
supports William I's ecclesiastical policy,
46, 83 sq. , 496; claims primacy over York,
83, 106, 516; suppresses rebellion in
England, 518; supports William II, 521
sq. ; his death, 522; 757
Langham, in Essex, 527
Langley, birthplace of Hadrian IV, 415
Langres, bishop of, 615
Languedoc, Louis VII and, 612, 616; 82,
627, 650, 680
Lanzo, leads plebeians of Milan, 219
Laodicea (Lātiqiyah), victories of Norman
fleet near, 200; Nicephorus at 247; 329
Laodicea (in Asia Minor), battle of, 608
Laon, commune of, 634 sqq. , 638, 642, 649;
school of, 533; insurrection at, 595, 638;
council at, 598
Laonnais, commune of, 630
La Réole, commune of, 636
Larissa, Bohemond defeated by Alexius
Comnenus at, 182
La Rochelle, commune of, 649
Las Huelgas, nunnery at Burgos, 681
Lateran, Ecumenical Councils held at, ix;
First (1123), 108, 163; Second (1139),
368, 372; Third (1179), viii, xi, 324, 451,
455, 589, 778; Fourth (1215), 323 sq. , 685,
778
Lateran, St John, canons of, 678
Lātiqiyah, see Laodicea
La Torre, monastery, 669
La Trinité-du-Mont, monastery of, 491
Laudabiliter, the bull, 566 note
Lauenburg, 460 sq.
L'Aumône, Cistercian abbey, 676
Laurence of Liège, on the Premonstratensian
Order, 680
Lausanne, Berthold of Zähringen made ad.
vocatus of see of, 390, 399 note
Lauterberg, monastery at, 386
La Voulté-sur-Rhône, monastery, 664
Law, Canon, Chap. xxı; its origins, 704 sq. ;
differences between canon and civil law,
705; Eastern and Western canon law,
705 sq. ; ius antiquum and ius novum, 706
sq. ; formation of ius antiquum, 707 sq. ;
Eastern collections of canons, 708; Western
collections of canons, 708 sq. ; African
collections, 709; Roman collections, ib. ;
in Gaul, ib. ; and Spain, 710; and England,
ib. ; Papacy and, x; the False Decretals,
x, 16, 25, 53, 111, 710 sqq. ; later col.
lections, 712; Gratian's Decretum, see
Gratian; the corpus iuris canonici, 713 sq. ;
influence on Lombard laws, 731; in Italy,
741 sqq. ; in Spain, 743 sqq. ; in France,
748 sqq. ; in Germany, 752 sqq. ; in
Switzerland, 755; in the Netherlands, 755
sq. ; in England, 756 sqq. ; "inner” history
of, 762 sqq. ; 10, 14, 16, 22, 25 sq. , 29 sqq.
Law, Roman (Civil), Chap. xxı; its origin
and evolution, 698 sqq. ; ius civile and ius
gentium, 700; and the survival of local
laws, 702; provides a mass of legal sources,
ib. , 704; no legal uniformity in Middle
Ages, 703; differences between civil and
canon law, 705; its development after the
fall of the Empire in the West, 720 sqq. ;
the leges barbarorum, 725 sq. ; influence of
feudalism, 728; and nationality, 729; in
Italy, 729 sqq. ; in Spain, 743 sqq. ; in
France, 748 899. ; in Germany, 752 sqq. ;
in Switzerland, 755; in the Netherlands,
755 sq. ; in England, 756 sqq. ; “inner"
history of, 762 sqq.
La Zisa, palace of, 206
Lazise, diploma of Otto II to, 215
Lecce, 173, 176, 202, 464, 471; count of, see
Tancred
Leger, St, bishop of Autun, 771
Leges Henrici, 535, 589
Legnano, battle of (1176), 395 sq. , 409, 446 sq.
Le Houlme, 526
Leicester, town, 538, 551; castle of, 568;
siege of, 569; 570; abbey of, 690; earls of,
see Beaumont
Leicestershire, 549, 583
Leidrad, a schoolmaster, 772
## p. 979 (#1025) ###########################################
Index
979
Leinster, 565; King of, see Dermot
Leitha, river, Géza II defeats Germans on,
352
Le Mans, 495; popular rising against William
of Normandy in, 517; captured by William
II, 527; 540
Leo I, Pope, and celibacy, 12; and candidates
for priesthood, 768 sq.
Leo IV, Pope, and war against Muslims,
268
Leo VIII, Pope, his (forged) privilege to Otto
the Great, used by Henry V, 101
Leo IX, Pope (Bruno of Toul), early life and
papacy of, vii sqq. , 23 sqq. ; councils of, 25;
and simony, 25 sq. ; and France, 26 sq. ;
war against Normans, 27 sq. , 172 sq. ; cap-
tivity of, 28; death of, 29; character of his
rule, 29 sqq. ; 32 sqq. , 46, 49, 52, 58,173 sq.
Leo III the Isaurian, Eastern Emperor,
his 'Eklorý, 717 sq. ; 731
Leo VI the Philosopher, Eastern Emperor,
revision of the Civil Law, 718 sq.
Leo, King of Little Armenia, and Henry VI,
473
Leo, bishop of Vercelli, 15
Leo, abbot of Farfa, 5
Leo de Benedicto Christiano, 35, 43
Leo de Monumento, Roman Senator, 459
Leofric, bishop of Exeter, and schools, 776
Leofwin, brother of Harold, killed at
Hastings, 501
Leon, laws of, 747 sq. ; monasticism in, 676
sq.
Leopold IV, margrave of Austria, duke of
Bavaria, does homage to Conrad III, 346;
receives Bavaria from Conrad, 347; defeated
by Welf VI, 348; death of, 349
Leopold V, duke of Austria, joins the Third
Crusade, 410; captures and hands over
Richard I to Henry VI, 467
Leopold, see also Liutpold
Leovigild, Visigothic King, laws of, 726
Le Puiset, see Puiset
Le Puy, see of, Leo IX and freedom of
election at, 26; canons of, 615
Lérins, monastery, 661
Les Andelys, captured by Louis VI, 602 sq.
Lescelina, countess of Eu, 493
Les Dunes, Cistercian abbey, 677
Leto, Pomponius, 741
Letts, attempts to convert the, 333
Lewes, borough of, 538; priory of, 664
Lex Gundobada, the, 722, 726
Lex Romana Burgundionum, the, 722, 750
Lex Romana canonice compta, 724
Lex Romana Visigothorum, see Breviarium
Alaricianum
Lézat, commune of, 628, 643
Liber adversus Symoniacos, of Cardinal
Humbert, 63
Liber Censuum, x sq.
Liber Usuum, Cistercian, 674
Lichtenburg, stronghold of Henry the Lion,
captured by Frederick Barbarossa, 406
Licques, Premonstratensian abbey, 680
Liddel, castle of, 570
Liège, birthplace of Ratherius, 2; school of,
533; people of, support Henry IV, 127,
151; meeting of Lothar III and Innocent
II at, 342; dispute over election to the
see of (1192), 466
Liemar, archbishop of Bremen, and Gregory
VII, 61 sq. ; suspended by him, 62; 66
Lille, 599, 601
Lillebonne, 490, 497
Limerick, 565
Limoges, 551, 642, 650, 668
Limousin, 627, 678
Linari, 479
Lincoln, 503, 508, 538 sq. , 546; battle of,
547; 549,555,560,582, 680,690; merchant
gild of, 539; see of, 579, 682
Lincoln, earldom of, created by Stephen,
546; earl of, see William of Roumare
Lincolnshire, 504, 507 sq. , 546 sq. , 568 sq. ,
583, 682; sheriff of, 580; justiciar of, 584
Lindsey, 504
Lions-le-Forêt, Henry I dies at, 541
Lipara, claims of Urban II to, 85 note, 90
Lire, monastery of, 493
Lisieux, 483; diocese of, 488; 497; raided
by Geoffrey of Anjou, 543; 550
Litani, river, 301
Liutold of Eppenstein, made duke of
Carinthia, 140
Liutpold II, margrave of Austria, hostile to
Henry IV, 139
Liutpold (Leopold) III, margrave of Austria
deserts Henry IV, 150; marries Agnes,
daughter of Henry IV, 153 sq. , 351; a
candidate for succession to Henry V, 335
sq. ; his attack on Henry the Proud, 340
Liutpold, see also Leopold
Liutprand, King of the Lombards, 210, 212;
and Lombard law, 731
Liutprand, follower of Erlembald at Milan,
64; mutilated in riots, ib.
Llandovery, castle, 556
Lobbes, monastery, 2
Lodi, communal acceptance of bishop at,
217 note; an early rival of Milan, 220;
conquered by Milan,230; favours Frederick
I, 417; rebuilt by Frederick I, 426
Lodovico Barbo, see Barbo
Loir, river, 518
Loire, river, 95, 661
Lollards, 41
Lombard League, Frederick I and the, Chap.
XIII; its effect on kingdom of Sicily, 198;
beginnings of, 437 sq. ; unites to rebuild
Milan, 440; its growth, 442 sq. ; opposi-
tion to Frederick's fifth expedition, 445 sq. ;
wins battle of Legnano, 446 sq. ; attitude
of, towards the treaty of Anagni, 448 sq. ;
concludes peace at Venice, 449 sq. ; and
Peace of Constance, 452
Lombards, their influence in South Italy,
167, 658; influence of, on organisation of
Italian cities, 209 sq. ; laws of the, 723,
730 sq.
62-2
## p. 980 (#1026) ###########################################
980
Index
Lombardy, geography of, 229 sq. ; cities of,
ib. ; 90; nobles of, 15, 28; leagues in, against
Henry IV, 91; bishops of, and Papacy, 42,
63, 65 sqq. , 69, 71, 75 sq. , 139; see also
Lombard League
Lomer, St, 771
London, 481, 483, 500 sq. ; surrenders to
William I, 502; omitted in Domesday
Book, 505; income of see, 511; church
council at (1072), 46; 522; government of,
537 sqq. ; favours Stephen,541 sqq. ; Matilda
and, 546 sqq. ; Tower of, 548; 549, 552, 582
Longchamp, William, his manual of pro-
cedure, 757
Loritello, count of, see Robert
Lorraine, church reform in, 2, 10; bishops
of, support Urban II, 92, 146; Lothar III
and, 338; disputes in, during reign of
Conrad III, 350; cours colongères in, 653;
22, 25, 27 sq. , 112, 142 sq. , 145, 148, 151,
159, 161, 164, 336, 643, 649; dukes of, see
Conrad, Godfrey, Henry
Lorris, commune of, 629, 649, 651
Lorsch, monastery, 13
Lothar I, Western Emperor, King of Italy,
and papal elections, 36; and schools, 777;
and Farfa, 661
Lothar III, Western Emperor, count of
Supplinburg, Chap. x; his marriage with
Richenza, 152 sq. ; given duchy of Saxony,
152; the chief enemy of Henry V, 156 sq. ;
his submission to Henry V, 159; heads
revolt against Henry V, 159 sq. ; his
character and policy as duke, 164; his
election to the throne, its importance, 166,
334 sqq. , 361; early years of his reign,
336 sq. ; his struggle against the Hohen.
staufen, 337 sqq. ; his victory over the
Hohenstaufen, 339 sqq. ; his treatment of
Halle and Augsburg, 340; his ecclesi-
astical policy, 108, 341; and the papal
schism, 342; recognises Innocent II, ib. ,
363 sq. ; attempts to reopen investiture
question, 342 sq. , 364; expedition to Italy,
364; holds diet at Roncaglia, 364; enters
Rome, 365; crowned Emperor in the
Lateran, 343, 365; subdues his enemies
in Germany, 366; second expedition to
Italy, 366 sq. ; quarrels with Innocent II
over investiture of Rainulf, 367; returns to
Germany, 367; results of his Italian ex-
pedition, ib. ; his diplomas to Italian
communes, 231; and alienation of fiefs to
cities, ib. ; and the expansion of Germany
eastwards, 343 sq. ; relations with Denmark,
344; relations with Poland, Hungary, and
Bohemia, 336 sq. , 345; death of, 345,
367, 480; picture of his coronation in the
Lateran, 392; 162, 346, 352, 354, 358,
404 note, 465, 477, 480
Lothar of Hochstadt, claimant of sees of
Cologne and Liège, 466
Lothar, son of Henry the Lion, handed over
as hostage to Henry VI, 460 sq.
Loudun, castle of, 567
Louis I the Pious, Western Emperor, and
synod of Aix-la-Chapelle, 13; and schools,
776; and the reform of the monasteries,
659
Louis III the Child, King of Germany,
137
Louis VI, King of France, Chap. XVIII;
welcomes Paschal II, 101; his character,
592; struggle with Hugh of Le Puiset and
Thomas of Marle, 592 sqq. ; re-establishes
order, 596 sq. ; enforces law, 597 sqq. ; and
the succession to Flanders, 598 sqq. ; and
the Anglo-Norman kingdom, 533, 513,
601 sqq. ; recognises Henry I as suzerain
of Brittany, 602; defeated at Brémule,
602 sq. ; appeals to Calixtus II, 106, 603;
makes peace with Henry 1, 604; repels in.
vasion of Emperor Henry V, 165, 604;
declares for Innocent II, 342; position of
the monarchy at the end of his reign, 604;
his work, xvi; and communes, 634; his
organisation of central government, 619
sqq. ; Garlande family and, 620 sqq. ; his
choice of advisers, 622 sq. ; his death, 604;
335
Louis VII, King of France, Chap. XVIII;
marries Eleanor of Aquitaine, 604; early
years of his reign, 605 sqq. ; relations with
Stephen, 546; and Geoffrey of Anjou, 550,
607; his crusade, 607 sq. , 353, 373; divorces
Eleanor, 609; relations with Henry II, 396,
608 sqq. ; makes peace, 610; hisirresolution,
610 sq. ; friendly to Henry II, 611 sqq. ;
outwitted by him, 612; Becket and, 613;
his failure against Henry II, 567, 569, 614;
increases the royal power, 615 sq. ; appeals
of vassals to, 615 sq. ; supports Alexander
III, 435, 617 sqq. ; Frederick Barbarossa
and, 396 sq. , 436, 617 sqq. ; his influence
in the government, 619 sqq. ; his advisers,
622; and Suger, 622 sq. ; and communes,
634
Louis IX, King of France, first crusade of,
315 sq. ; in Palestine, 316; his second
crusade, 317; his death, ib. ; and missions,
325; 112
Louis, count of Thuringia, submission to
Henry V, 159; imprisonment of, ib.
Louis I, landgrave of Thuringia, 347
Louis II, landgrave of Thuringia, his
hostility to Henry the Lion, 401
Louis III, landgrave of Thuringia, captured
by Henry the Lion, 406; supports Philip
of Cologne against Frederick I, 408; death
of, on crusade, 462 note
Louviers, commune at, 638
Louvigny, cbartreuse at, 678
Löwenstadt, founded by Henry the Lion,
400
Lübeck, a centre of missions, 344, 354;
sacked by Wends, 354; rebuilt by Adolf of
Schauenberg, ib. ; sacked by Niclot, ib. ;
Henry the Lion and, 400; captured by
Frederick I, 406; captured by Adolf III,
465; 460 sq.
## p. 981 (#1027) ###########################################
Index
981
Lucca, 38; early city-war with Pisa, 214; Mainus, Jason, the jurist, commentator,
consuls established at, 220; favoured by 740
Henry IV, 223; revolt against Matilda, 232; Maio of Bari, admiral of Sicily, 205; his
rivalry with Pisa, 227 sq. ; relations with influence under William I of Sicily, 191;
Florence, 228
rebels demand dismissal of, 192; his un-
Luci, Richard de, 555, 563, 568; his death, popularity and murder, 195
573; as justiciar, 578; and the Assize of Maiolus, see Mayeul
Clarendon, 585
Majorca, King of, and missions, 325; 677;
Lucius II, Pope, papacy of, 370; relations see also Balearic Isles
with Roger II, 188
Malachy, archbishop of Armagh, 677
Lucius III, Pope (Ubald, cardinal-bishop of Malchow, fortress, 200
Ostia), pontificate of, 451 sqq. ; disputes Malcolm III Canmore, King of Scots, shelters
with Frederick I, 408, 453, 455 sqq. ; death Edgar the Aetheling, 503; submits to
of, 453, 457; 198, 459
William 1,517; overruns Northumberland,
Lucius, provost of St Juventius, letter of 518; does homage to William II, 524;
Urban II to, 93
death of, ib.
Luke of Penna, commentator, 740
Malcolm IV, King of Scots, surrenders
Lull, Raymond, his missionary career, 325 Northumberland and Cumberland to Henry
Lūlū al-kabir, Abu Muhammad (Lūlū the II, 556
elder), his rule in Aleppo, 251 sq. ; 254 Malet family, fiefs of, 511, 536
Lund, archbishopric of, its creation, 356 Malet, Robert, of Eye, supports William II,
Lüneburg, Billung town, garrisoned by 522; supports Henry I, 528
Henry IV, 130; captured by Saxons, 131 ; Malevilla, see Semlin
inherited by Henry the Proud, 337; occu- Malger, archbishop of Rouen, bastard son
pied by Albert the Bear, 347; Henry the of Richard I of Normandy, 487, 492;
Lion allowed to retain, 406; 355
becomes archbishop, 493; deposed, 495
Luni, attacked by Muslims, 266
Malik Shāh, Seljūg Sultan, 262, 306; divides
Lutz, 653
Syria, 263 sq. ; death of, 264
Lyons, church reforms at, 10, 152; primacy Mallory, Anketill, 570
of archbishop of, 83 sq. , 89; commune of, Malmesbury, 551
631, 634, 638 sq. , 647
Malton, 534
Lysa, Cistercian abbey, 677
Mambij, Syrian town, 247, 261 sq.
Mamistra, captured by Byzantines, 246;
Ma'arrat-an-Nu'man, town, 261
surrenders to crusaders, 288
Macrobius, influence of, 790
Manasse, archbishop of Milan, opposed by
Magdeburg, citizens of, at battle of Pleich. citizens of Milan, 213
feld, 144 ; Lothar III holds diet at, 344 sq. ; Manasse, archbishop of Rheims, defies papal
see of, contest for, 392 sq. , 414; 143, 354 legates, 82 ; deposed, 83
sq. , 389, 401, 404 sq.
Manasse, bishop of Orleans, 617
Maginulf (anti-Pope Sylvester IV), 96 sq. Mandeville, Geoffrey de, his fiefs, 511;
Magnus, King of Denmark, son of Niel of supports William II, 522
Denmark, 344; murders Canute, ib. ; does Mandeville, Geoffrey de, earl of Essex,
homage to Lothar, ib. ; death of, ib.
created earl, 546; holds the balance between
Magnus Billung, duke of Saxony, son of Stephen and Matilda, 548; his atrocities,
Ordulf, drives Adalbert from Bremen, 116; 549, 552; his death, 549
revolts against Henry IV, 129; defeated Mandeville, Geoffrey de, earl of Essex, and
and imprisoned, ib. ; his alliance with the Assize of Clarendon, 585
Géza, 130; recognised as duke of Saxony, Mandeville, William de, earl of Essex,
ib. ; released, 131; won over by Henry IV, supports Henry II, 568
126, 141; remains loyal, 144 note; death Mangfall, river, 348
of, 152; 153, 164, 334
Maniaces, George, Greek commander in
Mahdiyah, capital of Zairids, captured by Sicily, 170; appointed governor of South
Pisa and Genoa, 226, 266 sq.
Italy, 171; rebels, ib.
Mahmūd ibn Nasr, 259; aided by Turks, Manjūtakin (Banjūtakin), governor
of
260; his rule in Aleppo, 260 sq.
Damascus, 251 sq.
Maimonides, Jewish philosopher, 817 Manosque, commune at, 639
Main, river, 382
Manşūr, emir of Aleppo, 255
Mainard, cardinal-bishop of Silva Candida, Manşūrah, Louis IX defeated at, 316
legate to Milan, 48
Mantes, 491; town burnt, 520; 593, 596
Mainard, reviver of monasticism in Nor- Mantua, council of (1053), 25, 28; council at
mandy, 484
(1064), favours Alexander II, 44 sq. , 115;
Maine, county of, William I and, 495, 498, arimanni of, 217; wars with Verona, 230;
517 sqq. ; William II and, 524, 527; revolt against Matilda, 91, 232; Henry V
Henry I and, 529 sq. , 539 sq. , 602, 604; and, 231 note; Barbarossa and, 438; 23,
Geoffrey of Anjou and, 607; 613
31
## p. 982 (#1028) ###########################################
982
Inder
Manuel I Comnenus, Eastern Emperor, 188;
attacked by Roger II, 189 sq. , 375 sq. ;
alliance with Venetians, 376; recaptures
Corfù, 189, 376; alliance with Conrad III
against Roger II, 189, 356, 376 sqq. ; the
Second Crusade and, 375 sq. ; becomes
brother-in-law of Baldwin III, 308; occu-
pies Ancona, 191; war with William I, 192
sqq. , 422; relations with Papacy, 192, 194;
makes peace with William 1,194; demands
restoration of imperial unity, 192, 199,
439; offers to marry Maria to William II,
199; his death, 199, 452 ; 396, 402, 443
Manzikert, battle of, xiv, 260, 270
Mappa Mundi of Hereford, 327
Maqrīzi, historian, on treaty between Zābir
and Constantine VIII, 256 note
Maraqiyah, Syrian town, 257
Mar'ash, 286 sq. , 301
Marbach Annals, on relations of Frederick I
and Henry the Lion, 402
Marco Polo, his book of travels, 327
Marculf, archbishop of Mayence, 349
Margaret, sister of Edgar the Aetheling, mar-
ries Malcolm Canmore, 517; death of, 524
Margaret, wife of William I of Sicily, her
regency, 197
Margaret, daughter of Louis VII, betrothed
to Henry, son of Henry II, 611; married,
612
Margaret, daughter of Herbert of Maine, 495
Margaritus, admiral of Sicily, 199 sq. , 464;
surrenders to Henry VI, 471
Margraves, position of, in Germany, 118
Maria, daughter of Manuel I, 199
Marienberg, foundation of, 333
Marittima, the, Corsi in, 96; 180
Marj ibn 'Amir, see Esdraelon, plain of
Markab, castle of, 312
Markward of Anweiler, ministerialis, steward
of the Empire, commands fleet, 470 sq. ;
made duke of Ravenna, 472; suppresses
rising in Sicily, 479
Marlborough, 508
Marle, castle of, 593, 595
Marmoûtier, monastery of, pillage of, 661;
reformed, 662; its dependent houses, 663
Marseilles, commune of, 627, 629, 643
Marshall, John the, and Becket, 561; 574
Marshall, William, earl of Pembroke, 561
Marsi, district of the, 193
Marsilius of Padua, 827
Martesana, county of Lombardy, 427
Martinus, the glossator, 737
Marton, double monastery at, 681
Mary, daughter of Isabella and Conrad of
Montferrat, marries John de Brienne, 314
Mary of Antioch, her claim to the kingdom
of Jerusalem, 317
Masnière, commune of, suppressed, 652
Masyāth, castle, 252
Matilda, countess of Tuscany, 31, 64; and
Gregory VII, 53 sq. , 59, 64; Gregory VII
takes refuge in her castle of Canossa, 69;
intercedes on behalf of Henry IV, 70;
sole ally of Gregory VII, 77 sq. ; opposi.
tion to Henry IV, 142; Urban II and, 90;
marries the younger Welf, 91 sq.
, 146;
accompanies Urban II to Rome, 95; her
friendliness to Henry V, 104, 156; makes
him her heir, 104; rising of Lucca against,
220; death of, 104, 160; Henry V goes to
Italy to secure inheritance of, 104, 160 sq. ;
143, 147; later history of her inheritance,
339, 345, 365, 408, 455, 457, 473
Matilda, daughter of Baldwin V of Flanders,
marries William I of Normandy, 494; her
death, 519
Matilda (Edith), of Scotland, marries Henry
I, 529; death of, 539
Matilda, the Empress, daughter of Henry I,
marries Henry V, 159; returns to England
on the death of the Emperor Henry V,
540; barons swear to acknowledge her as
Henry I's successor, ib. ; marries Geoffrey
of Anjou, ib. , 604; her position on
the accession of Stephen, 542; invades
England, 545 sqq ; her advance on London,
547; driven from London, ib. ; defeated,
548; escapes from Oxford, 549; 165, 335
Matilda, wife of Stephen of Blois, 543; makes
peace with David of Scotland, 544; defeats
the Empress Matilda, 548; death of, 551
Matilda, sister of Henry IV, married to Rudolf
of Swabia, 113; death of, ib.
Matilda, daughter of Henry II of England,
wife of Henry the Lion, 402, 460, 469
Matthew of Ajello, royal official in Sicily,
196 sq. ; secures election of Tancred as
King of Sicily, 201, 461; death of, 470
Matthew Bonnel, assassinates Maio, 195;
his punishment, ib.
Matthew, count of Boulogne, 569, 614
Matthew of Edessa, chronicler, 249 note
Matthew Paris, chronicler, on "crusade" of
1255, 323
Mauger, son of Tancred de Hauteville, 170
Maule, castle of, 593
Maurice Bourdin, see Bourdin
Maurienne, 442, 567
Maurilius, archbishop of Rouen, 494
Maximus, confessor, 788
Mayence, council of (1049), 25, 27 sq. ; synod
at (1071), 45; coronation of Rudolf, and
riot at, 120, 139; council of (1080), deposes
Gregory VII, 75; supports Henry IV, 150;
Henry Vand, 157,160 sqq. ; Henry V married
at, 159; persecution of Jews by crusaders
at, 148, 277; Lothar III elected king at,
334 sqq. , 361; disturbances in diocese of,
387 sq. ; rising of citizens against arch.
bishop Arnold, 388; diets at, 143, 148 sq. ,
407; archbishop of, his right at royal
elections, 138; extent of province of, 157
note; monastery at, 388; 68, 101, 107, 129,
135, 141, 353, 409 sq. , 468
Mayenne, see Geoffrey
Mayeul (Maiolus), St, abbot of Cluny, 662
Mazzara, 176; Saracens in, capitulate, 177
Meath, 565 sq.
## p. 983 (#1029) ###########################################
Index
983
366;
Meaux, receives a charter, 639; 649
Mecca, 243 sqq. ; sharif of, 253; 261 note
Mecklenburg, bishopric of, 356, 399; fortress
of, 397 sq. ; 407
Meissen, march of, 130, 135; given to Ekbert
of Brunswick, 129; to Henry of Eilenburg,
145; left vacant by Henry VI, 475; mar-
graves of, see Albert, Ekbert, Henry
Melfi, council at (1059), 36; 170; treaty of
(1059), between Nicholas II and Normans,
36, 77, 175; 176; Roger II's assembly at,
185
Melgueil, count of, 616
Melisend, daughter of Baldwin II, marries
Fulk V of Anjou, 305
Melisend, daughter of Amaury II, 317
Melk, reformed monastery of, 693
Mellifont, Cistercian abbey, 677
Melo, his revolt against Byzantium in South
Italy, 168 sq. ; negotiates with Normans,
ib. ; relations with Guaimar IV, ib. ; seeks
aid from Henry II, 169; death of, ib.
Melrichstadt, indecisive battle at, between
Henry IV and Rudolf, 140
Melrose, Cistercian abbey, 677
Melun, 593 sq.
Mercia, north, 502; west, 507; earl of, see
Edwin
Merseburg, diets at, 345, 386, 390, 460; 122,
157, 384
Mesco, prince of Poland, brother of dukes
Vladislav and Boleslav, 351
Meseburg, see Wieselburg
Messina, 176; captured by Normans, 177;
184, 196, 439; occupied by Richard I, 201,
462; taken by Henry VI, 471; Henry VI
dies at, 479
Metz, commune of, 631; 27, 354, 654
Meuse, river, 397
Michael IV, Eastern Emperor, 257
Michael VII, Eastern Emperor, appeals to
Pope, 270; 133, 181
Michael Burtzes, Greek general, 247, 251
Michael Cerularius, patriarch of Constanti-
nople, 29
Michael Doceanus, catapan, 170
Michael Palaeologus, sent by Manuel VII to
Italy, 191; leads revolt in South Italy,
192; death of, ib.
Michael the Scot, translator of Aristotle, 813
Middlesex, 481, 507 sq. ; sheriffdom leased
to London, 539; earl of Essex, hereditary
sheriff of, 548
Midlands, the, 481, 501 sq. , 521, 551, 570
Milan, its antiquity, 209; a rival of Rome, 39;
civic consciousness in, 213 sq. ; classes and
their warfare in, 217 sqq. , 235, 237; con-
suls of, 219 sq. , 233; its geographical
position, 230; its ambitions and foes, 226,
230; church reforms at, 39 sqq. ; synod at
(1059), 42; reformers at, and Alexander II,
47; Patarine tumults in, 47 sq. , 219;
Erlembald's rule in, 48, 219; Gregory VII
and, 59, 63 sqq. , 130, 134; Henry IV and,
49, 59 sq. , 63 sqq. , 136, 139; favours
Anacletus against Innocent II, 364; hostile
to Lothar III, ib. ; won over by St Bernard,
hostility to Frederick I, 194, 417;
her power increases on Frederick's return
to Germany, 422; besieged and captured
by Frederick I, 426 sq. ; revolts again, 428;
captured and destroyed, 434 sq. ; rebuilt,
440; won over by Frederick I, 457; Henry
VI and Constance married at, 408, 457;
first podestà at, 238; 22, 33 sq. , 52 sq. ,
339, 388, 397, 465, 470; archbishops of,
see Adalman, Anselm, Aribert, Atto, God.
frey, Guido, Hilduin, Humbert, Landolf,
Manasse, Tedald, Urban III
Milazzo, 177
Miles of Brecknock, rebels against Stephen,
545; made earl of Hereford, 548
Mileto, 176
Milford Haven, 565
Milites, in Italian cities, 235 sq.
Milo of Bray, viscount of Troyes, 596 sq. ,
602
Ministeriales, rise of, in Germany, 119 sqq. ;
usurpation of freedom by, in Saxony, 128;
royal ministeriales, ib. ; Henry V and, 155;
Markward of Anweiler, a ministerialis,
472; 149, 352
Mirabeau, castle of, 556, 567
Miramar, the College of the Holy Trinity of,
325
Mirdāsites, emirs of po, 255 sqq.
Misilmeri, Norman victory over Saracens at,
177
Missionary work, in Scandinavia, 114, 116,
415; among the Slavs, 114, 116, 165, 333,
343 sq. , 398 sqq. ; in the East, 325 sqq.
Mitre, papal and episcopal, use of, 34 sq.
Modena, position of, at end of twelfth cen-
tury, 225; a rival of Bologna, Piacenza,
and Reggio, 230; takes oath of fealty
to Frederick I, 426
Modoald, bishop of Tours, 771
Moglena, Normans at, 182
Mohun, William de, earl of Somerset, rebels
against Stephen, 544; made earl by
Matilda, 547
Moldavia, civil code of, 719
Molesme, abbey, 669, 672, 674
Molfetta, 192
Monaco, Genoese at, 472
Monastic orders, Chap. xx; reforms of
Benedictof Aniane, 659 sq. ; of Chrodegang,
and Amalarius, 660 sq. ; decline after the
death of Charlemagne, 661; the Cluniac
movement, 661 sqq. ; revival of, in Eng-
land, 666; the Order of Camaldoli,
667; of La Cava, Vallombrosa, and
Grandmont, 668; the Carthusian Order,
669 sq. ; other ascetic orders, 670; Fonte-
vrault, 671; Cistercian Order, 672 sqq. ;
canons regular, 678 sqq. ; Premonstraten-
sian Order,680 sq. ; Orderof Sempringham,
682; military orders, 683 sqq. ; orders and
congregations, 684 sq. ; and the Fourth
Lateran Council, 685; condition of, in the
## p. 984 (#1030) ###########################################
984
Index
thirteenth century, 686; causes of the
decline of discipline, 687; later orders,
688; reforms of Benedict XII, 688 sq. ;
learning in monasteries, 690; monastic
finance, 691; decline of, in England,
691 sq. ; decline of, in France, Italy,
and Germany, 692; growth of the con-
gregational system, 693 sqq. ; fifteenth-
century attempts at reform, 695 sq. ; and
the Reformation, 696
Mongol Empire, converted to Islām, 326
Monreale, monastery, 668
Montacute, castle of, 530
Mont Cenis, crossed by Henry IV, 137
Montchauvet, castle of, 593, 596
Monte Cassino, abbey of, Victor II at, 31
sq. ; death of Victor III at, 87; monks
expelled by William I of Sicily, 416;
placed under interdict by Celestine III,
464; 32 sq. , 79, 202, 658, 661 sq. , 688, 693,
696
Monte Fano, monastery, 688
Monte Gargano, Norman pilgrims at, 168
Monteleone, near Bivona, 173
Montemaggiore, battle of, 171
Monte Oliveto, Order of, 688
Montepeloso, Norman victory at, 171; 176
Monteporzio, victory of Christian of Mayence
at, 198
Monte Rodone, 470
Montesa, Knights of, 683
Monte Vergine, abbey, 688
Montevilliers, first Norman nunnery at,
491
Montferrand, 598
Montferrat, marquesses of, foes of Italian
towns, 225; enemies of Asti, 229; 418,
442, 445; see also Conrad
Montfort-l'Amauri, castle of, 593, 596, 612
Montgomeri, Norman castle, 488, 530
Montgomery, castle in Wales, 525
Montgomery, family of, 492, 536; see also
Arnulf, Robert of Bellême, Robert of
Poitou, Roger, William Talvas
Montjoy, 597
Montlbéry, castle of, 593, 596 sq.
Montlouis, 614
Montmirail, 613
Montpellier, 435; commune of, 628, 638;
hospital of the Holy Spirit at, 683
Montreal, fortress, 304
Montreuil in Normandy, manor of, 488 sq.
Montreuil-Bellay, 609
Montreuil-sur-Mer, gild at, 637; commune
at, 647
Mont-Saint-Michel, monastery, re-establish.
ed, 484; 491, 524, 611
Monza, 339, 363, 427
Moravia, see of Olmütz in, 4
Morena, Acerbus, chronicler, on Frederick
Barbarossa, 382
Moreruela, Cistercian abbey, 676
Moret, 616
Morimond, Cistercian abbey, 672, 675 sqq. ,
682
Morkere, earl of Northumbria, acquiesces in
Harold's election, 482; defeated by Harold
Hardrada, 499; retires to his estates after
Hastings, 501 sq. ; submits to William,
502; but rebels, 503; a prisoner, 505
Morlas, local customs of, 643
Morocco, foundation of Idrisite caliphate in,
242
Mort d'Ancestor, writ of, 589
Mortain, Norman castle and comté, 485, 490;
670; count of, outlawed and despoiled by
Henry I, 530 sq. , 536; counts of, see
Robert, Stephen, William
Mortener, battle of, 494 sq.
Mortimer family, fiefs of, 511, 536
Mortimer, Hugh, and Henry II, 555
Mortimer, Ralf of, and William II, 523
Morton, John, archbishop of Canterbury,
692
Moselle, river, 351
Moses ben Maymun, see Maimonides
Mosinopolis, Normans defeated by Byzantines
near, 199
Mouchy, 615
Mountsorrel, castle of, 568 sq.
Mouzon, negotiations between Henry V and
Calixtus II at, 106 sq. ; 397
Mowbray, Robert of, earl of Northumberland,
rebels against William II,522; imprisoned,
523; 526
Mowbray, Roger de, rebels against Henry II,
568, 570
Moxby, nunnery, 681
Mubārak-ad-Daulah Fataḥ, 255
Mufarrij ibn Daghfal ibn Jarrah, see Ibn
Daghfal
Muḥammad ibn Dimlaj, Turkish emir, 262
Muhammad ibn Rā‘iq, emir of Aleppo,
245
Muhammad ibn Tughjal-Ikhshid, see Ikhshid
Muhammadan, Empire, in Syria and Egypt,
Chap. vi; philosophy, 811 sqq. , 814 sqq.
Mühlhausen, 341, 406
Mu'izz, Fātimite Caliph, his conquest of
Egypt, 247
Mu'izz ibn Badis, Zairid emir of Tunis,
renounces Fātimites, 258
Mu'izz-ad-Daulah Thumāl, see Thumāl
Mujāhid, ruler of Denia, and Sardinia, 226
Muktafi, Abbasid Caliph, defeats Qarmatians
and puts an end to Țūlūnite dynasty,
245
Munich, growth of, under Henry the Lion,
400 sq. ; 340
Mūnis, 'amir al-'umarā at Baghdad, defeats
Fātimites, 245
Munster, 565
Muret, near Limoges, 668
Muriella, wife of Tancred de Hauteville, 170
Musegros, forest, 603
Musta'li, Fātimite Caliph, 264
Mustanşir, Fātimite Caliph, 258 sq. , 262,
264
Mutanabbi, Arab poet, 246
Mu'tazilites, sect of, 815
sq. ; 252
## p. 985 (#1031) ###########################################
Index
985
Nicholas II, Pope (Gerard, bishop of Flor-
ence), election of, 35; enthroned, 36;
papacy of, 36 sqq. ; character of, 39; makes
treaty of Melfi with Normans, 36, 77, 174
sq. ; his papal election decree, see Rome,
Councils (1059); his decree on canons,
678; death of, 39, 42; 52, 73, 92, 114
Nicholas IV, Pope, and the fall of Acre, 318
sq.
Nicholas, St, shrine of, at Bari, 688
Nicholas Breakspear, see Hadrian IV, Pope
Nicholas de Tudeschis, the canonist, 742
Niclot, Wendish prince, 344, 354 sq. , 386,
398 sq.
Nahr-Ibrāhim, river, northern boundary of
kingdom of Jerusalem, 301
Namur, 2; county of, 410 sq.
Nanno, count of Verona, tries Ratherius,
214
Nantes, county of, 556, 611
Naples, early organisation of city government
in, 167, 209; early commerce at, 216;
besieged by Guiscard, 179; 183; Roger II
invested with, 186; conquers duke of, 187;
William I invested with, 193; unsuccess-
fully besieged by Henry VI, 202, 464;
surrenders to Henry VI, 470; 491; duke
of, see Sergius IV
Narbonne, trade of, 644; viscountess of,
616; archbishop of, made primate over
Aix, 90
Nāşir-ad-Daulah Hasan, ruler of Mosul,
245
Nāşir-ad-Daulah ibn Hamdān, Turkish
leader, rules over Egypt, 259, 262
Nāsir-i-Khusrau, Persian traveller, 258
Nasr ibn Mushraf, Arab chief, 257
Nasr, son of Mahmūd ibn Nasr, Mirdāsite
emir of Aleppo, 261
Nașr Shibl-ad-Daulah ibn Şāliḥ, Mirdāsite
emir of Aleppo, 256; dies, 258
Navarre, monasticism in, 677
Nazarius, St, 41
Neauphle, 601
Nebrija, Antonio de, the jurist, 748
Neckar, river, 140
Negropont, pillaged by William I, 193
Neocaesarea, council of, and celibacy, 11
Neo-Platonism, 781 sq.
Neronian Field, battle on the, victory of
anti-Pope Honorius II, 43
Netherlands, Roman and canon law in the,
755 sq. ; monasteries in, 663, 696; see also
Flanders
Neufmarché, taken by Louis VII, 610
Neuss, monastery, 694
Neustria, reforms of St Boniface in, 12
Neutra, see Nyitra
Névelon of Pierrefonds, and Louis VII, 615
Nevers, bishop of, 563; count of, 598, 615,
619
Newcastle, built, 518; 544; surrendered to
Henry II, 556; 571
New Forest, 527
Newhouse, first English Premonstratensian
monastery, 680
Nicaea, 276; capital of Qilij. Arslān I, 285;
besieged by crusaders, 283 sq. , 285; sur-
renders, 285 sq. ; 288, 299, 330, 492;
council of (325), 11, 708, 711; council of
(787), 708
Nicephorus II Phocas, Eastern Emperor,
conquests in Syria, 246 sq.
Nicephorus III Botaniates, Eastern Emperor,
war with Guiscard, 181
Nicetas, governor of Antioch, 257
Nicetas, Byzantine historian, on Henry VI,
473
Nicholas I, Pope, 35 note, 111
Nicolaitans, nickname of married clergy,
41
Niel, King of Denmark, 344; death of, ib.
Nigel de Albini, 536
Nigel, bishop of Ely, treasurer of Henry I,
rebels against Stephen, 545; treasurer of
Henry II, 555, 573, 576
Nigel of Saint Sauveur, leads revolt against
William I, 493
Nikita, Byzantine governor of Bulgaria,
275
Nilus, St, 1
Nilus Doxapatrius, Greek author, at court of
Roger II, 207
Nîmes, commune at, 639, 648; synod at, 95
Niort, commune of, 649
Niš, Walter Sansavoir and Peter the Hermit
at, 275, 278
Nizam-al-mulk, Seljūq vizier, murder of,
264
Nogent, monastery of, 593; see also Guibert
Nominalism, and Realism, 794 sq.
Nonantula, abbey, 661
Norbert, St, founds the Premonstratensian
Order, 680; 110; supports Innocent II,
342
Nordalbingia, Lothar III's activities in, 344
Nordhausen, Henry V holds synod at (1105),
150
Nordheim, counts of, 152 sq. ; see also Henry
the Fat, Otto
Norfolk, county, 508; risings in, 518, 521;
543, 548, 584
Norfolk, earldom of, created by Stephen,
546; earl of, see Bigod, Hugh
Normandy, duchy of, Chaps. XV, XVI, XVII,
XVIII; administration of, under Richard II,
484 sqq. ; vicomtés and comtés, 485; revenue,
486; position of bishops, 486 sq. ; land
tenure in, 487 sq. ; knights' fees in, 489;
the peasantry in, 490; church in, under
iam I, 496; monasteries in, 663
Normans, in South Italy and Sicily, Chap. IV;
character of their rule, xii sq. ; arrival in
South Italy, 168, 491; take service under
various rulers, 169; aid in revolts, 170
sqq. ; mercenaries at Byzantium, 171; and
the Papacy, xi sqq. , 21 sq. , 31 sq. , 36, 45,
52, 59, 76 sqq. , 86 sq. , 90, 96, 101, 105,
110 sq. , 114, 116, 142, 156, 174 sqq. , 178,
193; Frederick I and, 396; Eastern am-
## p. 986 (#1032) ###########################################
986
Index
bitions of, xiv; Chaps xi, XIII passim; in
Sicily, 207; see also Sicily, kingdom of
Northallerton, battle of the Standard near,
544; castle of, 570
Northampton, Assize of, 584 sqq.
Northampton, town, 555 note; council of
(1164), 561; 562, 570 sq. ; earl of, see
Simon de Sentliz
Northamptonshire, 570, 581
North Sea, 504
Northumberland, county, 517 sqq. , 523 sq. ;
543 sq. ; surrendered to Henry II, 556;
580
Northumberland, earldom of, 517, 522, 544;
earls of, see Henry, son of David of Scot-
land, Mowbray, Walcher, Waltheof; see
also Bernicia
Northumbria, province, 502, 504, 570; earl
of, see Morkere
Norway, church in, relations with Gregory
VII, 85; missions to, 415; monasticism in,
677
Norwich, 538, 553, 570, 578, 690
Noto, in Sicily, 183
Nottingham, castle at, 503, 568; borough,
538, 551, 555, 570
Nottinghamshire, 549, 555, 577, 584
Nouvion l'Abbesse, castle of, 595
Novara, 211; ally of Pavia, 230
Novel disseisin, writ of, 589, 759
Noyon, commune at, 649
Noyon-sur-Andelle, 602
Nuneaton, nunnery, 671
Nunneries, 671, 681
Nūr-ad-Din, Sultan, son of Zangi, captures
Damascus, 307; the Second Crusade and,
ib. ; conquest of Egypt, 308; death of,
309
Nuremberg, besieged and captured by Lothar
III, 337 sqq. ; diet of (1186), peace enact-
ments at, 383
Nydala, Cistercian abbey, 677
Nyitra (Neutra), in Hungary, band of cru-
saders dispersed at, 276
brother of William I, 496; left in charge
in England, 503; his fiefs, 506; im.
prisoned by William I, 519; his revolt
against William II, 521 sq. ; takes the
Cross, 527
Odo, abbot of Cluny, 662
Odo of Tournai, 3
Odofred, the glossator, 734 sq. , 738
Offa's dyke, 525
Oise, river, 491
Oldenburg, see of, 356, 398 sq. ; removed to
Lübeck, 400
Olmütz, see of, restored by Bratislav, 4
Oloron, no serfs in, 642; favourable geogra-
phical position of, 643
Ongar, castle and honour, 569
Ophamil, Walter, archbishop of Palermo,
one of Council of Ten in Sicily, 197; his
influence under William II, ib. ; in favour
of Henry VI, 200; crowns Tancred, 461
Oppenheim, 69, 136
Orderic of Pordenone, and missionary work,
326
Ordericus Vitalis, chronicler, 84 note; on
First Crusade, 275; on the monastery of
Saint-Évroult, 488
Ordo Cluniacensis, of Bernard, 664
Ordulf Billung, duke of Saxony, succeeds
his father, 114; 116, 129; death of, 130
Oria, 176
Orleans, commune of, 628; 598, 620 sq. ;
council of (533), 635; council of (538), 11;
bishop of, 594
Orontes, river, 291
Orsini family, 463
Osbern, a tenant of Richard II of Normandy,
487
Osbern, seneschal of Robert I of Normandy,
made guardian of William I, 492; murder
of, ib.
Osimo, 36
Osmond, Norman adventurer, 169
Ostrogoths, laws of the, 723
Oswald, bishop of Worcester, and monastic
reform, 663
Oswestry, 544
Otranto, city, 173, 176; territory of, 167
Otto I the Great, Western Emperor, and
papal elections, 36; and monastic reform,
662; 2, 101, 123, 151 sq. , 334, 358, 366,
394
Otto II, Western Emperor, his grant to men
of Lazise, 215
Otto III, Western Emperor, grant to citizens
of Cremona, 214; and Romuald, 667; 1,
14
Otto IV, Western Emperor, son of Henry the
Lion, 467, 469, 477
Otto, cardinal-bishop of Ostia, see Urban II,
Pope
Otto of Nordheim, made duke of Bavaria,
114; aids Anno to capture Henry IV,
115; weakness of, in Bavaria, 122; his
revolt and condemnation, 129; in revolt
of 1073, 131 ; pardoned and advanced, 126,
Obasine, monastery, 678
Obbiano, 176
Obotrites, land of the, given to Canute of
Schleswig, 344; 354; see also Niclot,
Wends
Ochrida, Normans at, 182
Ocri, monastery at, 33
Octavian (anti-Pope Victor IV), cardinal of
Santa Cecilia, sent as legate to Germany,
379, 423; his character, 379; as anti-
Pope, 368, 430 sq. , 433, 436, 617 sqq. ;
death of, 394, 438
Octavian, cardinal-bishop of Ostia, im-
prisoned by Henry VI, 467
Oculus pastoralis, treatise on duties of the
podestà, 238
Oder, river, 355, 389
Odilo, abbot of Cluny, and Robert I of Nor-
mandy, 491; 2, 662, 664
Odo, bishop of Bayeux, earl of Kent, half-
## p. 987 (#1033) ###########################################
Index
987
135; revolts again, 135; his death, 142;
his territories inherited by Lothar of
Saxony, 152, 164, 334; 145, 153, 404 note
Otto, duke of Swabia, death of, 113
Otto of Wittelsbach, count-palatine of
Bavaria, reconciles Henry the Proud and
Leopold of Austria, 340
Otto, count-palatine of Wittelsbach, his
wrath with papal legates, 391, 425; sent
by Frederick to Italy, 426; made duke of
Bavaria, 405
Otto of Olmütz, Lothar III supports his
claim to dukedom of Bohemia, 336 sq.
Otto of Olmütz, son of the elder Otto, heads
rebellion in Bohemia, 352
Otto, margrave of Brandenburg, 153, 465
Otto, bishop of Bamberg, consecrates arch-
bishop Adalbert, 160; missionary work in
Pomerania, 110, 165, 343; his attitude in
contest of Empire and Papacy, 104, 106;
supports Innocent II, 342
Otto, bishop of Constance, 62 note
Otto, bishop of Freising, and logic, 808; his
version of the Concordat of Worms, 108;
on Lothar III's election, 335; on Lothar,
480; on settlement of Frankfort, 350;
reads. conciliatory letter of Hadrian IV to
Frederick I, 391; dispute with Henry the
Lion over trade, 400; 153 sq.
Otto of Ballenstädt, marries Eilica, daughter
of duke Magnus, 152 sq. ; 164
Otto Frangipane, 418
Otto de Grandison, leader of English crusa-
ders, 318; defends Acre, ib.
Otto of St Blaise, chronicler, on Henry VI,
473, 480
Ottokar, margrave of Styria, made duke of
Styria, 405
Ouche, district, 488
Oudenarde, 599
Ourscamp, monastery, 675
Owen Gwynedd, prince of North Wales, and
Henry II, 556
Owston Ferry, 570
Oxford, 537 sq. ; surrenders to Matilda, 547;
besieged by Stephen, 548 sq. ; 576 sq. ,
579; St Frideswide at, 567 note; Benedic-
tine house (Gloucester Hall) at, 689;
school of law at, 757; opposition to
Aquinas at, 823
Oxford, earl of, see Vere
Oxfordshire, 507, 548, 570, 580
Tancred crowned at, 461; Tancred dies at,
470; surrenders to Henry VI, 203, 471;
Henry VI crowned at, 203, 471; Henry VI
buried at, 479; made a metropolitan see,
193; 474 note
Palestine, conquered by Fātimites, 249;
Seljūq Turks in, 262; 403, 492, 528, 540,
593,595,608; see also Crusades, Jerusalem,
kingdom of
Palestrina, death of Damasus II at, 23
Palmer, Richard, bishop of Syracuse,
minister in Sicily, 196; one of Council of
Ten, 197
Pandulf, prince of Benevento, 169
Pandulf (Paldolf) III, prince of Capua, aids
Melo against Byzantines, 169; imprisoned
by Henry II, 169; released by Conrad II,
ib. ; deposed by Conrad II, 170; restored
by Henry III, 172
Panormitanus, canonist, 743
Papacy, Introduction, Chaps. I, II, III, X, XI,
XII, XIII, XIV; election decree of 1059, viii
sqq. , 36 sq. ; situation of, at beginning of
Gregory VII's rule, 58 sq. ; its dangerous
position after death of Gregory VII, 86; its
enhanced position after the Concordat of
Worms, 109 sqq. , 360 sq. ; St Bernard on
the powers of, xxi; relations with Normans,
see Normans; relation of Popes to war
against Muslims, 267 sq. ; and crusading
movement, 320 sqq. ; effects of crusades
on, 321 sq. ; its degradation of the crusad-
ing movement, 322 sq. ; schism of, in 1159,
430 sq. ; and indulgences, 323 sq. ; and
tithes, 324; and church reform, vii sqq. ;
and Councils of the Church, ix; its
finances, x sq. ;see also Popes
Papareschi, family of, 363
Paphnutius, at Council of Nicaea, 11
Papinian, Roman jurist, his Responsa, 721 sq.
Paris, council of (559), 635; council of (824),
776; council of (829), 26, 776; Robert
Curthose at, 519; 493, 596; Henry II at,
611; 616, 620; see of, 621; commune of,
628; cathedral school of, 773; abbey of
St Victor at, 800; Peter the Lombard at,
803 sq. ; teaching of Roman Law forbidden
to the University of, 751; University of,
takes lead in theology, 767; Aristotle for.
bidden to the University, 814, 817 sqq. ;
Aquinas at, 821; papal collections of
Decretals sent to the University, 714
Parma, 43, 229, 231 note; a rival of Piacenza
and Reggio, 230
Paschal II, Pope (Cardinal Rainer), election
of, 95; his early life, 95 sq. , 666; troubles of,
at Rome, 96; character of, 96 sq. ; relations
with Henry IV, 97 sq. , 149; relations with
Henry V, 96 sq. , 154; attitude on investi-
ture question, 98 sqq. , 155; his success in
France, 99; relations with England, 99 sq. ,
531 sq. ; welcomed in France, 101; nego-
tiations with Henry V, ib. ; his solution of
the investiture problem, 102; captured by
Henry V, 102; his concessions to Henry V,
Padua, its antiquity, 209; new walls of, 225;
229; rival of Venice, 230; 231; forms
League of Verona against Barbarossa, 438;
abbey of Sta Giustina at, 693; 740
Paganel, Ralph, of Dudley, rebels against
Stephen, 544
Païen of Garlande, see Garlande
Païen of Montjay, 597, 602
Paldolf III, ruler of Capua, see Pandulf III
Palermo, captured by Normans, 177 sq. , 183,
266; Roger II crowned at, 186; 190, 194,
196, 199, 206, 439; riots at, 195, 197, 462;
## p. 988 (#1034) ###########################################
988
Index
103; forced to retract them, 103, 156; flees
from Rome, 105; death of, ib. ; Fontevrault
and, 671; 117 note
Paschal III, anti-Pope, see Guido of Crema
Paschasius Radbert, on the Eucharist, 791
Passais, the, 495
Passerano, 36
Pataria, Patarines, nickname given to re-
formers at Milan, 41 sq. , 219; conflicts at
Milan, 47 sqq. ; 52 sq. , 64, 134
Patrician of Rome, title given to Henry III,
22; to Henry IV, 42
Pauca palea, the canonist, 742
Paul of Castro, the commentator, 740
Paul the Deacon, brought from Italy by
Charlemagne, 766, 772
Paulus, Roman jurist, his Sententiae, 721 sqq.
Pavia, councils of (1018), 15 sq. ; (1046), 19,
21; (1049), 25; popular rising against
bishop, 40; rival of Milan, 219 sq. , 230;
consuls at, 220; favours Frederick I, 417
sq. , 426, 428, 440, 442, 445; Frederick I
holds synod at, 433, 436; law-school at,
732 sqq. ; 139, 465, 662, 664
Payerne, abbey, 662, 664
Peace of God, in Germany, 143; and
communes, 635 sq.
Peak Castle, 556, 568
Peckham, John, archbishop of Canterbury,
and the state of the monasteries, 687; his
attacks on Aquinas, 822
Pedites, in Italian cities, 236 sq.
Peene, river, 398
Pelagius II, Pope, attitude to celibacy, 12
Pelagonia, Normans at, 182
Pelavicini, feudal lords of Lombardy, 225
Pembroke, castle of Arnulf of Montgomery
at, 525, 530; earldom of, created by
Stephen, 546; earls of, see Clare, Marshall,
Strongbow
Pembrokeshire, Flemish colony in, 535
Peñafort, Raymond de, Spanish jurist, 748;
compiles Gregory IX's Decretals, 714
Pencader, 556
Penthièvre, 498, 504
Pepin, King of Italy, son of Charlemagne,
and city of Piacenza, 211
Pepo, the glossator, 737
Perche, 530
Perpignan, commune of, 631, 640, 643
Persia, bishopric founded in, 326
Perth, 517
Perugia, its position in Umbria, 228 sq.
Peter, King of Aragon, acknowledges papal
authority, 90
Peter Damian, cardinal-bishop of Ostia, 3, 13
note, 19, 26, 28; early life of, 33; legate at
Milan, 38, 41 sq. , 48; letters of, to Cadalus
and Henry IV, 43 sq. ; his Disceptatio
Symodalis, 44; opinion of the Lombard
bishops, 42; goes to France, 46; compels
Henry IV to take back his wife, 117; death
of, 49; his asceticism, 667; and canons
regular, 678; his philosophical works, 792;
34, 39, 45, 92
Peter Morrone (Pope Celestine V), founds the
Celestine Order, 688
Peter Pierleoni, cardinal of St Calixtus (anti-
Pope Anacletus II), election of, 363; sup-
ported by Roger II, and creates him King
of Sicily, 186 sq. , 364; appeals to Lothar
III, 342, 363; tries to justify his claim
before Lothar, 365; death of, 368
Peter Pisano, cardinal, won over to Innocent
IV by St Bernard, 368
Peter of La Châtre, archbishop of Bourges,
605, 607
Peter, bishop of Amalfi, 29
Peter the Lombard, bishop of Paris, his
philosophy, 803 sq.
Peter the Venerable, abbot of Cluny, 666
Peter, abbot of Farfa, 5
Peter, abbot of La Celle, on Becket, 557
Peter, abbot of Monte Cassino, 32
Peter, prefect of Rome, 418
Peter the Hermit, his preaching of the First
Crusade and journey to Constantinople,
275 sqq. ; his importance a legend, 299
Peter, grand chamberlain, minister in Sicily,
196
Peter, count of Taranto, rebels against
Guiscard, 180
Peter of Trani, rebels against Guiscard,
178
Peter Bartholomew, finder of the Holy Lance,
295
Peter of Eboli, rhyming chronicler, on
marriage of Henry VI and Constance,
456 note; on Tancred, 202, 461
Peter of Pisa, learned Italian, 772
Peter of Studley, 576
Peterborough, 505, 684
Peterborough Chronicle, 481, 519, 549,
552
Peter's Pence xi, 19, 90
Petrarch, and the commentators, 739 sq.
Petronilla (Alice), second wife of Ralph of
Vermandois, 606
Pevensey, 500, 521, 530 sq.
Peverel family, fiefs of, 506, 511; honour
of, 568
Peverel, William, 506
Peverel, William, becomes a monk, 555
Philagathus, archbishop of Piacenza (anti-
Pope John XVI), 1
Philaretus (Philard), governor of Antioch,
263 note
Philip I, King of France, and simony, 9;
relations with Gregory VII, 81; his case at
the Council of Piacenza, 94; excommuni.
cated by Urban II at the Council of
Clermont, 89, 94; relations with Paschal
II, 99, 101; proposes marriage-alliance
with Roger I of Sicily, 183; and First
Crusade, 273; ally of Robert Curthose,
519, 526; 95, 126, 592, 601
Philip II Augustus, King of France, his
enmity to Henry II, 572; relations with
Frederick I, 397; and the fall of Henry
the Lion, 407; alliance with Frederick I,
## p. 989 (#1035) ###########################################
Index
989
409;
and Third Crusade, 310 sqq. , 322,
462; relations with Henry VI,467 sqq. ; 647
Philip, King of the Romans, duke of Swabia,
younger son of Frederick I, appointed to
see of Würzburg, 466; becomes duke of
Tuscany, 472; marries Irene, daughter of
Isaac Angelus, 473, 479; 477
Philip, half-brother of Louis VI, 596
Philip of Heinsberg, chancellor, archbishop
of Cologne, 393, 448; crowns Henry VI,
443; enemy of Henry the Lion, 403; re-
ceives Westphalia, 406, 408; his hostile
attitude to Frederick I, 407; his strong
position, 408, 458; submits to Frederick I,
409, 459; 460, 467
Philip, margrave of Namur, second son of
Baldwin of Hainault, 411
Philip, count of Flanders, and the fall of
Henry the Lion, 407; 411, 614, 619
Philip de Mezières, his enthusiasm for a new
crusade, 319
Philippopolis, 281, 411
Philomelium, Alexius at, 294
Philosophy, in the Middle Ages, Chap. XXIII;
character of ancient philosophy, 781;
Neo-Platonism and Christianity, 781 sq. ;
philosophy and theology, 782; John the
Scot, 784 sqq. ; decline of philosophy after
him, 788; Aristotle and Plato, 789 sq. ;
influence of Macrobius on, 790; importance
of dialectic, 790 sq. ; Sylvester II and, 791;
Berengar and Peter Damian, 792; Anselm
and, 792 sqq. ; Nominalism and Realism,
794 sq. ; Roscelin, 796; Abelard, 797 sqq. ;
Hugh of St Victor, 800 sqq. ; Peter the
Lombard, 803 sq.
Cyprus, and Malta, 332
Knights of St Thomas of Acre, 306
Knights of Santiago, 683
Knights of the Sword, in Livonia, 332 sq.
Knights Templars, foundation of, 305 sq. ;
growth of their power, 306; support Guy
de Lusignan, 309; rivalry with Knights of
St John, 315 sq. ; 682, 696
Knights, Teutonic, see Teutonic Knights
Knights of the Wing of St Michael, 683
Knut, King of England, favours family of
Godwin, 482
Königsberg, foundation of, 333
Koloman, King of Hungary, seeks aid of
Roger I of Sicily, 183; his reception of
crusaders, 275; his hostility to later bands
of crusaders, 277; his relations with God.
frey of Bouillon, 281
Kornelimünster, abbey of, 659
Krak des Chevaliers, castle of, 312
Kreuzburg, Conrad III faces Henry the
Proud at, 347
Kulm, battle of, 336 sq. , 352
Kuttenberg, 352
Kyme, family of, 569
La Bresse, 616
Index
John of Damascus, 805
John Ducas, Greek leader against William I
of Sicily, 192
John of Faenza, the canonist, 742
John of Ibelin, jurisconsult of Cyprus, 303,
304, 315
John of Maffa, St, 683
John of Matera, hermit, 688
John the Scot, Eriugena, 784 sq. ; his philo-
sophy, 785 sqq.
John the Spaniard, translates Avencebrol,
817
Jordan, river, Emperor John's invasion of
valley of, 249; 301, 304, 315
Jordan, prince of Capua, relations with
Gregory VII, 77, 86, 180; rebels against
Guiscard, 180
Jordan, cardinal of Santa Susanna, sent by
Eugenius III as legate to Germany, 379
Jordan Pierleoni, leads revolution in Rome,
369; made “ Patrician," 370
Joscelin I of Courtenay, count of Edessa,
301; his power, 307
Joscelin II, count of Edessa, 301; feebleness
of his rule, 307; loses Edessa, ib.
Joscelin de Balliol, see Balliol
Joscelin, bishop of Salisbury, and Becket,
563 sq.
Joscelin, Norman noble, revolts against
Robert Guiscard, 176
Juan Garcia el Hispano, the jurist, 748
Jubail (Byblus), 264
Judith, daughter of Henry III, her marriage
with Salomo of Hungary, 113; 133
Judith, daughter of Henry the Black, mother
of Frederick Barbarossa, 153, 381
Judith, wife of Richard II of Normandy,
484, 490
Judith, niece of William I, wife of Waltheof,
518
Julian, the Emperor, his philosophy, 782
Jumièges, monastery at, 486, 491; abbot of,
493, 686
Justiciar, the, his position in Henry II's
reign, 574 sqq.
Justinian, the Emperor, Chap. xxı; and
presentation to benefices, 7; his codifica-
tion of laws, its influence on East and
West, 222, 704; juristic study of, 717 sqq.
Kachatur, Armenian governor of Antioch,
261
Kāfür, Abu'l-mish, his rule in Egypt, 245
sqq.
Kaina, trial of Henry the Lion at, 405
Kaiserswerth, Henry IV abducted at, 44,
115, 129
Kamāl-ad-Din, historian, on treaty between
Greeks and Muslims, 247 note; 250 note,
255 note
Kāmil, Sultan of Egypt, 314 sq.
Kappel, village near Hersfeld, 131
Karak, castle of, 312
Karak and Montreal, lordship of the king-
dom of Jerusalem, 302
C. MED. H. VOL. V.
62
## p. 978 (#1024) ###########################################
978
Index
La Cava, monastic order of, 668
La Chaise-Dieu, abbey, 669
La Charité-sur-Loire, monastery, 664
La Cuba, palace of, 206
Lacy family, fiefs of, 511
Lacy, Hugh de, justiciar of Ireland, 566
Lacy, John de, supports Henry II, 568
Lacy, Roger de, rebels against William II,
521, 523
Ladislas I, King of Hungary, hostile to
Henry IV, 139; married to a daughter of
Rudolf, ib.
La Ferté-Alais, castle of, 593, 596
La Ferté-Hauterive, monastery, 664
La Ferté-sur-Grosne, Cistercian abbey, 672,
674, 676
La Flèche, 518; lord of, 527, 529 sq. ; see
Hélie
Lagny-sur-Marne, council at, 606
L'Aigle, in Normandy, 531; see also Richer
La Marche, county of, 615, 627
Lancashire, 507, 541; sheriff of, 571
Lancaster, town, 530, 549
Lancaster, honour of, 530, 537, 541
Lancegesil, 771
Lancelin of Bulles, 597, 602
Landoin of Lucca, abbot of the Grande-
Chartreuse, 669
Landolf II, archbishop of Milan, driven out
by people of Milan, 213
Landulf, leader of Pataria at Milan, 40;
excommunicated by archbishop, 41; death
of, 47
Lanfranc, of Pavia, prior of Bec and arch.
bishop of Canterbury, 496; teaches at
Pavia, 733, 779; founds a school at Bec,
ib. ; attacks Berengar, 3, 496, 792;
Alexander II his pupil at Bec, 43; nego-
tiates reconciliation of William the Con-
queror with Papacy, 496; made archbishop
of Canterbury,516; his work as a reformer,
46, 496; his ordinances for monks, 666;
supports William I's ecclesiastical policy,
46, 83 sq. , 496; claims primacy over York,
83, 106, 516; suppresses rebellion in
England, 518; supports William II, 521
sq. ; his death, 522; 757
Langham, in Essex, 527
Langley, birthplace of Hadrian IV, 415
Langres, bishop of, 615
Languedoc, Louis VII and, 612, 616; 82,
627, 650, 680
Lanzo, leads plebeians of Milan, 219
Laodicea (Lātiqiyah), victories of Norman
fleet near, 200; Nicephorus at 247; 329
Laodicea (in Asia Minor), battle of, 608
Laon, commune of, 634 sqq. , 638, 642, 649;
school of, 533; insurrection at, 595, 638;
council at, 598
Laonnais, commune of, 630
La Réole, commune of, 636
Larissa, Bohemond defeated by Alexius
Comnenus at, 182
La Rochelle, commune of, 649
Las Huelgas, nunnery at Burgos, 681
Lateran, Ecumenical Councils held at, ix;
First (1123), 108, 163; Second (1139),
368, 372; Third (1179), viii, xi, 324, 451,
455, 589, 778; Fourth (1215), 323 sq. , 685,
778
Lateran, St John, canons of, 678
Lātiqiyah, see Laodicea
La Torre, monastery, 669
La Trinité-du-Mont, monastery of, 491
Laudabiliter, the bull, 566 note
Lauenburg, 460 sq.
L'Aumône, Cistercian abbey, 676
Laurence of Liège, on the Premonstratensian
Order, 680
Lausanne, Berthold of Zähringen made ad.
vocatus of see of, 390, 399 note
Lauterberg, monastery at, 386
La Voulté-sur-Rhône, monastery, 664
Law, Canon, Chap. xxı; its origins, 704 sq. ;
differences between canon and civil law,
705; Eastern and Western canon law,
705 sq. ; ius antiquum and ius novum, 706
sq. ; formation of ius antiquum, 707 sq. ;
Eastern collections of canons, 708; Western
collections of canons, 708 sq. ; African
collections, 709; Roman collections, ib. ;
in Gaul, ib. ; and Spain, 710; and England,
ib. ; Papacy and, x; the False Decretals,
x, 16, 25, 53, 111, 710 sqq. ; later col.
lections, 712; Gratian's Decretum, see
Gratian; the corpus iuris canonici, 713 sq. ;
influence on Lombard laws, 731; in Italy,
741 sqq. ; in Spain, 743 sqq. ; in France,
748 sqq. ; in Germany, 752 sqq. ; in
Switzerland, 755; in the Netherlands, 755
sq. ; in England, 756 sqq. ; "inner” history
of, 762 sqq. ; 10, 14, 16, 22, 25 sq. , 29 sqq.
Law, Roman (Civil), Chap. xxı; its origin
and evolution, 698 sqq. ; ius civile and ius
gentium, 700; and the survival of local
laws, 702; provides a mass of legal sources,
ib. , 704; no legal uniformity in Middle
Ages, 703; differences between civil and
canon law, 705; its development after the
fall of the Empire in the West, 720 sqq. ;
the leges barbarorum, 725 sq. ; influence of
feudalism, 728; and nationality, 729; in
Italy, 729 sqq. ; in Spain, 743 sqq. ; in
France, 748 899. ; in Germany, 752 sqq. ;
in Switzerland, 755; in the Netherlands,
755 sq. ; in England, 756 sqq. ; “inner"
history of, 762 sqq.
La Zisa, palace of, 206
Lazise, diploma of Otto II to, 215
Lecce, 173, 176, 202, 464, 471; count of, see
Tancred
Leger, St, bishop of Autun, 771
Leges Henrici, 535, 589
Legnano, battle of (1176), 395 sq. , 409, 446 sq.
Le Houlme, 526
Leicester, town, 538, 551; castle of, 568;
siege of, 569; 570; abbey of, 690; earls of,
see Beaumont
Leicestershire, 549, 583
Leidrad, a schoolmaster, 772
## p. 979 (#1025) ###########################################
Index
979
Leinster, 565; King of, see Dermot
Leitha, river, Géza II defeats Germans on,
352
Le Mans, 495; popular rising against William
of Normandy in, 517; captured by William
II, 527; 540
Leo I, Pope, and celibacy, 12; and candidates
for priesthood, 768 sq.
Leo IV, Pope, and war against Muslims,
268
Leo VIII, Pope, his (forged) privilege to Otto
the Great, used by Henry V, 101
Leo IX, Pope (Bruno of Toul), early life and
papacy of, vii sqq. , 23 sqq. ; councils of, 25;
and simony, 25 sq. ; and France, 26 sq. ;
war against Normans, 27 sq. , 172 sq. ; cap-
tivity of, 28; death of, 29; character of his
rule, 29 sqq. ; 32 sqq. , 46, 49, 52, 58,173 sq.
Leo III the Isaurian, Eastern Emperor,
his 'Eklorý, 717 sq. ; 731
Leo VI the Philosopher, Eastern Emperor,
revision of the Civil Law, 718 sq.
Leo, King of Little Armenia, and Henry VI,
473
Leo, bishop of Vercelli, 15
Leo, abbot of Farfa, 5
Leo de Benedicto Christiano, 35, 43
Leo de Monumento, Roman Senator, 459
Leofric, bishop of Exeter, and schools, 776
Leofwin, brother of Harold, killed at
Hastings, 501
Leon, laws of, 747 sq. ; monasticism in, 676
sq.
Leopold IV, margrave of Austria, duke of
Bavaria, does homage to Conrad III, 346;
receives Bavaria from Conrad, 347; defeated
by Welf VI, 348; death of, 349
Leopold V, duke of Austria, joins the Third
Crusade, 410; captures and hands over
Richard I to Henry VI, 467
Leopold, see also Liutpold
Leovigild, Visigothic King, laws of, 726
Le Puiset, see Puiset
Le Puy, see of, Leo IX and freedom of
election at, 26; canons of, 615
Lérins, monastery, 661
Les Andelys, captured by Louis VI, 602 sq.
Lescelina, countess of Eu, 493
Les Dunes, Cistercian abbey, 677
Leto, Pomponius, 741
Letts, attempts to convert the, 333
Lewes, borough of, 538; priory of, 664
Lex Gundobada, the, 722, 726
Lex Romana Burgundionum, the, 722, 750
Lex Romana canonice compta, 724
Lex Romana Visigothorum, see Breviarium
Alaricianum
Lézat, commune of, 628, 643
Liber adversus Symoniacos, of Cardinal
Humbert, 63
Liber Censuum, x sq.
Liber Usuum, Cistercian, 674
Lichtenburg, stronghold of Henry the Lion,
captured by Frederick Barbarossa, 406
Licques, Premonstratensian abbey, 680
Liddel, castle of, 570
Liège, birthplace of Ratherius, 2; school of,
533; people of, support Henry IV, 127,
151; meeting of Lothar III and Innocent
II at, 342; dispute over election to the
see of (1192), 466
Liemar, archbishop of Bremen, and Gregory
VII, 61 sq. ; suspended by him, 62; 66
Lille, 599, 601
Lillebonne, 490, 497
Limerick, 565
Limoges, 551, 642, 650, 668
Limousin, 627, 678
Linari, 479
Lincoln, 503, 508, 538 sq. , 546; battle of,
547; 549,555,560,582, 680,690; merchant
gild of, 539; see of, 579, 682
Lincoln, earldom of, created by Stephen,
546; earl of, see William of Roumare
Lincolnshire, 504, 507 sq. , 546 sq. , 568 sq. ,
583, 682; sheriff of, 580; justiciar of, 584
Lindsey, 504
Lions-le-Forêt, Henry I dies at, 541
Lipara, claims of Urban II to, 85 note, 90
Lire, monastery of, 493
Lisieux, 483; diocese of, 488; 497; raided
by Geoffrey of Anjou, 543; 550
Litani, river, 301
Liutold of Eppenstein, made duke of
Carinthia, 140
Liutpold II, margrave of Austria, hostile to
Henry IV, 139
Liutpold (Leopold) III, margrave of Austria
deserts Henry IV, 150; marries Agnes,
daughter of Henry IV, 153 sq. , 351; a
candidate for succession to Henry V, 335
sq. ; his attack on Henry the Proud, 340
Liutpold, see also Leopold
Liutprand, King of the Lombards, 210, 212;
and Lombard law, 731
Liutprand, follower of Erlembald at Milan,
64; mutilated in riots, ib.
Llandovery, castle, 556
Lobbes, monastery, 2
Lodi, communal acceptance of bishop at,
217 note; an early rival of Milan, 220;
conquered by Milan,230; favours Frederick
I, 417; rebuilt by Frederick I, 426
Lodovico Barbo, see Barbo
Loir, river, 518
Loire, river, 95, 661
Lollards, 41
Lombard League, Frederick I and the, Chap.
XIII; its effect on kingdom of Sicily, 198;
beginnings of, 437 sq. ; unites to rebuild
Milan, 440; its growth, 442 sq. ; opposi-
tion to Frederick's fifth expedition, 445 sq. ;
wins battle of Legnano, 446 sq. ; attitude
of, towards the treaty of Anagni, 448 sq. ;
concludes peace at Venice, 449 sq. ; and
Peace of Constance, 452
Lombards, their influence in South Italy,
167, 658; influence of, on organisation of
Italian cities, 209 sq. ; laws of the, 723,
730 sq.
62-2
## p. 980 (#1026) ###########################################
980
Index
Lombardy, geography of, 229 sq. ; cities of,
ib. ; 90; nobles of, 15, 28; leagues in, against
Henry IV, 91; bishops of, and Papacy, 42,
63, 65 sqq. , 69, 71, 75 sq. , 139; see also
Lombard League
Lomer, St, 771
London, 481, 483, 500 sq. ; surrenders to
William I, 502; omitted in Domesday
Book, 505; income of see, 511; church
council at (1072), 46; 522; government of,
537 sqq. ; favours Stephen,541 sqq. ; Matilda
and, 546 sqq. ; Tower of, 548; 549, 552, 582
Longchamp, William, his manual of pro-
cedure, 757
Loritello, count of, see Robert
Lorraine, church reform in, 2, 10; bishops
of, support Urban II, 92, 146; Lothar III
and, 338; disputes in, during reign of
Conrad III, 350; cours colongères in, 653;
22, 25, 27 sq. , 112, 142 sq. , 145, 148, 151,
159, 161, 164, 336, 643, 649; dukes of, see
Conrad, Godfrey, Henry
Lorris, commune of, 629, 649, 651
Lorsch, monastery, 13
Lothar I, Western Emperor, King of Italy,
and papal elections, 36; and schools, 777;
and Farfa, 661
Lothar III, Western Emperor, count of
Supplinburg, Chap. x; his marriage with
Richenza, 152 sq. ; given duchy of Saxony,
152; the chief enemy of Henry V, 156 sq. ;
his submission to Henry V, 159; heads
revolt against Henry V, 159 sq. ; his
character and policy as duke, 164; his
election to the throne, its importance, 166,
334 sqq. , 361; early years of his reign,
336 sq. ; his struggle against the Hohen.
staufen, 337 sqq. ; his victory over the
Hohenstaufen, 339 sqq. ; his treatment of
Halle and Augsburg, 340; his ecclesi-
astical policy, 108, 341; and the papal
schism, 342; recognises Innocent II, ib. ,
363 sq. ; attempts to reopen investiture
question, 342 sq. , 364; expedition to Italy,
364; holds diet at Roncaglia, 364; enters
Rome, 365; crowned Emperor in the
Lateran, 343, 365; subdues his enemies
in Germany, 366; second expedition to
Italy, 366 sq. ; quarrels with Innocent II
over investiture of Rainulf, 367; returns to
Germany, 367; results of his Italian ex-
pedition, ib. ; his diplomas to Italian
communes, 231; and alienation of fiefs to
cities, ib. ; and the expansion of Germany
eastwards, 343 sq. ; relations with Denmark,
344; relations with Poland, Hungary, and
Bohemia, 336 sq. , 345; death of, 345,
367, 480; picture of his coronation in the
Lateran, 392; 162, 346, 352, 354, 358,
404 note, 465, 477, 480
Lothar of Hochstadt, claimant of sees of
Cologne and Liège, 466
Lothar, son of Henry the Lion, handed over
as hostage to Henry VI, 460 sq.
Loudun, castle of, 567
Louis I the Pious, Western Emperor, and
synod of Aix-la-Chapelle, 13; and schools,
776; and the reform of the monasteries,
659
Louis III the Child, King of Germany,
137
Louis VI, King of France, Chap. XVIII;
welcomes Paschal II, 101; his character,
592; struggle with Hugh of Le Puiset and
Thomas of Marle, 592 sqq. ; re-establishes
order, 596 sq. ; enforces law, 597 sqq. ; and
the succession to Flanders, 598 sqq. ; and
the Anglo-Norman kingdom, 533, 513,
601 sqq. ; recognises Henry I as suzerain
of Brittany, 602; defeated at Brémule,
602 sq. ; appeals to Calixtus II, 106, 603;
makes peace with Henry 1, 604; repels in.
vasion of Emperor Henry V, 165, 604;
declares for Innocent II, 342; position of
the monarchy at the end of his reign, 604;
his work, xvi; and communes, 634; his
organisation of central government, 619
sqq. ; Garlande family and, 620 sqq. ; his
choice of advisers, 622 sq. ; his death, 604;
335
Louis VII, King of France, Chap. XVIII;
marries Eleanor of Aquitaine, 604; early
years of his reign, 605 sqq. ; relations with
Stephen, 546; and Geoffrey of Anjou, 550,
607; his crusade, 607 sq. , 353, 373; divorces
Eleanor, 609; relations with Henry II, 396,
608 sqq. ; makes peace, 610; hisirresolution,
610 sq. ; friendly to Henry II, 611 sqq. ;
outwitted by him, 612; Becket and, 613;
his failure against Henry II, 567, 569, 614;
increases the royal power, 615 sq. ; appeals
of vassals to, 615 sq. ; supports Alexander
III, 435, 617 sqq. ; Frederick Barbarossa
and, 396 sq. , 436, 617 sqq. ; his influence
in the government, 619 sqq. ; his advisers,
622; and Suger, 622 sq. ; and communes,
634
Louis IX, King of France, first crusade of,
315 sq. ; in Palestine, 316; his second
crusade, 317; his death, ib. ; and missions,
325; 112
Louis, count of Thuringia, submission to
Henry V, 159; imprisonment of, ib.
Louis I, landgrave of Thuringia, 347
Louis II, landgrave of Thuringia, his
hostility to Henry the Lion, 401
Louis III, landgrave of Thuringia, captured
by Henry the Lion, 406; supports Philip
of Cologne against Frederick I, 408; death
of, on crusade, 462 note
Louviers, commune at, 638
Louvigny, cbartreuse at, 678
Löwenstadt, founded by Henry the Lion,
400
Lübeck, a centre of missions, 344, 354;
sacked by Wends, 354; rebuilt by Adolf of
Schauenberg, ib. ; sacked by Niclot, ib. ;
Henry the Lion and, 400; captured by
Frederick I, 406; captured by Adolf III,
465; 460 sq.
## p. 981 (#1027) ###########################################
Index
981
Lucca, 38; early city-war with Pisa, 214; Mainus, Jason, the jurist, commentator,
consuls established at, 220; favoured by 740
Henry IV, 223; revolt against Matilda, 232; Maio of Bari, admiral of Sicily, 205; his
rivalry with Pisa, 227 sq. ; relations with influence under William I of Sicily, 191;
Florence, 228
rebels demand dismissal of, 192; his un-
Luci, Richard de, 555, 563, 568; his death, popularity and murder, 195
573; as justiciar, 578; and the Assize of Maiolus, see Mayeul
Clarendon, 585
Majorca, King of, and missions, 325; 677;
Lucius II, Pope, papacy of, 370; relations see also Balearic Isles
with Roger II, 188
Malachy, archbishop of Armagh, 677
Lucius III, Pope (Ubald, cardinal-bishop of Malchow, fortress, 200
Ostia), pontificate of, 451 sqq. ; disputes Malcolm III Canmore, King of Scots, shelters
with Frederick I, 408, 453, 455 sqq. ; death Edgar the Aetheling, 503; submits to
of, 453, 457; 198, 459
William 1,517; overruns Northumberland,
Lucius, provost of St Juventius, letter of 518; does homage to William II, 524;
Urban II to, 93
death of, ib.
Luke of Penna, commentator, 740
Malcolm IV, King of Scots, surrenders
Lull, Raymond, his missionary career, 325 Northumberland and Cumberland to Henry
Lūlū al-kabir, Abu Muhammad (Lūlū the II, 556
elder), his rule in Aleppo, 251 sq. ; 254 Malet family, fiefs of, 511, 536
Lund, archbishopric of, its creation, 356 Malet, Robert, of Eye, supports William II,
Lüneburg, Billung town, garrisoned by 522; supports Henry I, 528
Henry IV, 130; captured by Saxons, 131 ; Malevilla, see Semlin
inherited by Henry the Proud, 337; occu- Malger, archbishop of Rouen, bastard son
pied by Albert the Bear, 347; Henry the of Richard I of Normandy, 487, 492;
Lion allowed to retain, 406; 355
becomes archbishop, 493; deposed, 495
Luni, attacked by Muslims, 266
Malik Shāh, Seljūg Sultan, 262, 306; divides
Lutz, 653
Syria, 263 sq. ; death of, 264
Lyons, church reforms at, 10, 152; primacy Mallory, Anketill, 570
of archbishop of, 83 sq. , 89; commune of, Malmesbury, 551
631, 634, 638 sq. , 647
Malton, 534
Lysa, Cistercian abbey, 677
Mambij, Syrian town, 247, 261 sq.
Mamistra, captured by Byzantines, 246;
Ma'arrat-an-Nu'man, town, 261
surrenders to crusaders, 288
Macrobius, influence of, 790
Manasse, archbishop of Milan, opposed by
Magdeburg, citizens of, at battle of Pleich. citizens of Milan, 213
feld, 144 ; Lothar III holds diet at, 344 sq. ; Manasse, archbishop of Rheims, defies papal
see of, contest for, 392 sq. , 414; 143, 354 legates, 82 ; deposed, 83
sq. , 389, 401, 404 sq.
Manasse, bishop of Orleans, 617
Maginulf (anti-Pope Sylvester IV), 96 sq. Mandeville, Geoffrey de, his fiefs, 511;
Magnus, King of Denmark, son of Niel of supports William II, 522
Denmark, 344; murders Canute, ib. ; does Mandeville, Geoffrey de, earl of Essex,
homage to Lothar, ib. ; death of, ib.
created earl, 546; holds the balance between
Magnus Billung, duke of Saxony, son of Stephen and Matilda, 548; his atrocities,
Ordulf, drives Adalbert from Bremen, 116; 549, 552; his death, 549
revolts against Henry IV, 129; defeated Mandeville, Geoffrey de, earl of Essex, and
and imprisoned, ib. ; his alliance with the Assize of Clarendon, 585
Géza, 130; recognised as duke of Saxony, Mandeville, William de, earl of Essex,
ib. ; released, 131; won over by Henry IV, supports Henry II, 568
126, 141; remains loyal, 144 note; death Mangfall, river, 348
of, 152; 153, 164, 334
Maniaces, George, Greek commander in
Mahdiyah, capital of Zairids, captured by Sicily, 170; appointed governor of South
Pisa and Genoa, 226, 266 sq.
Italy, 171; rebels, ib.
Mahmūd ibn Nasr, 259; aided by Turks, Manjūtakin (Banjūtakin), governor
of
260; his rule in Aleppo, 260 sq.
Damascus, 251 sq.
Maimonides, Jewish philosopher, 817 Manosque, commune at, 639
Main, river, 382
Manşūr, emir of Aleppo, 255
Mainard, cardinal-bishop of Silva Candida, Manşūrah, Louis IX defeated at, 316
legate to Milan, 48
Mantes, 491; town burnt, 520; 593, 596
Mainard, reviver of monasticism in Nor- Mantua, council of (1053), 25, 28; council at
mandy, 484
(1064), favours Alexander II, 44 sq. , 115;
Maine, county of, William I and, 495, 498, arimanni of, 217; wars with Verona, 230;
517 sqq. ; William II and, 524, 527; revolt against Matilda, 91, 232; Henry V
Henry I and, 529 sq. , 539 sq. , 602, 604; and, 231 note; Barbarossa and, 438; 23,
Geoffrey of Anjou and, 607; 613
31
## p. 982 (#1028) ###########################################
982
Inder
Manuel I Comnenus, Eastern Emperor, 188;
attacked by Roger II, 189 sq. , 375 sq. ;
alliance with Venetians, 376; recaptures
Corfù, 189, 376; alliance with Conrad III
against Roger II, 189, 356, 376 sqq. ; the
Second Crusade and, 375 sq. ; becomes
brother-in-law of Baldwin III, 308; occu-
pies Ancona, 191; war with William I, 192
sqq. , 422; relations with Papacy, 192, 194;
makes peace with William 1,194; demands
restoration of imperial unity, 192, 199,
439; offers to marry Maria to William II,
199; his death, 199, 452 ; 396, 402, 443
Manzikert, battle of, xiv, 260, 270
Mappa Mundi of Hereford, 327
Maqrīzi, historian, on treaty between Zābir
and Constantine VIII, 256 note
Maraqiyah, Syrian town, 257
Mar'ash, 286 sq. , 301
Marbach Annals, on relations of Frederick I
and Henry the Lion, 402
Marco Polo, his book of travels, 327
Marculf, archbishop of Mayence, 349
Margaret, sister of Edgar the Aetheling, mar-
ries Malcolm Canmore, 517; death of, 524
Margaret, wife of William I of Sicily, her
regency, 197
Margaret, daughter of Louis VII, betrothed
to Henry, son of Henry II, 611; married,
612
Margaret, daughter of Herbert of Maine, 495
Margaritus, admiral of Sicily, 199 sq. , 464;
surrenders to Henry VI, 471
Margraves, position of, in Germany, 118
Maria, daughter of Manuel I, 199
Marienberg, foundation of, 333
Marittima, the, Corsi in, 96; 180
Marj ibn 'Amir, see Esdraelon, plain of
Markab, castle of, 312
Markward of Anweiler, ministerialis, steward
of the Empire, commands fleet, 470 sq. ;
made duke of Ravenna, 472; suppresses
rising in Sicily, 479
Marlborough, 508
Marle, castle of, 593, 595
Marmoûtier, monastery of, pillage of, 661;
reformed, 662; its dependent houses, 663
Marseilles, commune of, 627, 629, 643
Marshall, John the, and Becket, 561; 574
Marshall, William, earl of Pembroke, 561
Marsi, district of the, 193
Marsilius of Padua, 827
Martesana, county of Lombardy, 427
Martinus, the glossator, 737
Marton, double monastery at, 681
Mary, daughter of Isabella and Conrad of
Montferrat, marries John de Brienne, 314
Mary of Antioch, her claim to the kingdom
of Jerusalem, 317
Masnière, commune of, suppressed, 652
Masyāth, castle, 252
Matilda, countess of Tuscany, 31, 64; and
Gregory VII, 53 sq. , 59, 64; Gregory VII
takes refuge in her castle of Canossa, 69;
intercedes on behalf of Henry IV, 70;
sole ally of Gregory VII, 77 sq. ; opposi.
tion to Henry IV, 142; Urban II and, 90;
marries the younger Welf, 91 sq.
, 146;
accompanies Urban II to Rome, 95; her
friendliness to Henry V, 104, 156; makes
him her heir, 104; rising of Lucca against,
220; death of, 104, 160; Henry V goes to
Italy to secure inheritance of, 104, 160 sq. ;
143, 147; later history of her inheritance,
339, 345, 365, 408, 455, 457, 473
Matilda, daughter of Baldwin V of Flanders,
marries William I of Normandy, 494; her
death, 519
Matilda (Edith), of Scotland, marries Henry
I, 529; death of, 539
Matilda, the Empress, daughter of Henry I,
marries Henry V, 159; returns to England
on the death of the Emperor Henry V,
540; barons swear to acknowledge her as
Henry I's successor, ib. ; marries Geoffrey
of Anjou, ib. , 604; her position on
the accession of Stephen, 542; invades
England, 545 sqq ; her advance on London,
547; driven from London, ib. ; defeated,
548; escapes from Oxford, 549; 165, 335
Matilda, wife of Stephen of Blois, 543; makes
peace with David of Scotland, 544; defeats
the Empress Matilda, 548; death of, 551
Matilda, sister of Henry IV, married to Rudolf
of Swabia, 113; death of, ib.
Matilda, daughter of Henry II of England,
wife of Henry the Lion, 402, 460, 469
Matthew of Ajello, royal official in Sicily,
196 sq. ; secures election of Tancred as
King of Sicily, 201, 461; death of, 470
Matthew Bonnel, assassinates Maio, 195;
his punishment, ib.
Matthew, count of Boulogne, 569, 614
Matthew of Edessa, chronicler, 249 note
Matthew Paris, chronicler, on "crusade" of
1255, 323
Mauger, son of Tancred de Hauteville, 170
Maule, castle of, 593
Maurice Bourdin, see Bourdin
Maurienne, 442, 567
Maurilius, archbishop of Rouen, 494
Maximus, confessor, 788
Mayence, council of (1049), 25, 27 sq. ; synod
at (1071), 45; coronation of Rudolf, and
riot at, 120, 139; council of (1080), deposes
Gregory VII, 75; supports Henry IV, 150;
Henry Vand, 157,160 sqq. ; Henry V married
at, 159; persecution of Jews by crusaders
at, 148, 277; Lothar III elected king at,
334 sqq. , 361; disturbances in diocese of,
387 sq. ; rising of citizens against arch.
bishop Arnold, 388; diets at, 143, 148 sq. ,
407; archbishop of, his right at royal
elections, 138; extent of province of, 157
note; monastery at, 388; 68, 101, 107, 129,
135, 141, 353, 409 sq. , 468
Mayenne, see Geoffrey
Mayeul (Maiolus), St, abbot of Cluny, 662
Mazzara, 176; Saracens in, capitulate, 177
Meath, 565 sq.
## p. 983 (#1029) ###########################################
Index
983
366;
Meaux, receives a charter, 639; 649
Mecca, 243 sqq. ; sharif of, 253; 261 note
Mecklenburg, bishopric of, 356, 399; fortress
of, 397 sq. ; 407
Meissen, march of, 130, 135; given to Ekbert
of Brunswick, 129; to Henry of Eilenburg,
145; left vacant by Henry VI, 475; mar-
graves of, see Albert, Ekbert, Henry
Melfi, council at (1059), 36; 170; treaty of
(1059), between Nicholas II and Normans,
36, 77, 175; 176; Roger II's assembly at,
185
Melgueil, count of, 616
Melisend, daughter of Baldwin II, marries
Fulk V of Anjou, 305
Melisend, daughter of Amaury II, 317
Melk, reformed monastery of, 693
Mellifont, Cistercian abbey, 677
Melo, his revolt against Byzantium in South
Italy, 168 sq. ; negotiates with Normans,
ib. ; relations with Guaimar IV, ib. ; seeks
aid from Henry II, 169; death of, ib.
Melrichstadt, indecisive battle at, between
Henry IV and Rudolf, 140
Melrose, Cistercian abbey, 677
Melun, 593 sq.
Mercia, north, 502; west, 507; earl of, see
Edwin
Merseburg, diets at, 345, 386, 390, 460; 122,
157, 384
Mesco, prince of Poland, brother of dukes
Vladislav and Boleslav, 351
Meseburg, see Wieselburg
Messina, 176; captured by Normans, 177;
184, 196, 439; occupied by Richard I, 201,
462; taken by Henry VI, 471; Henry VI
dies at, 479
Metz, commune of, 631; 27, 354, 654
Meuse, river, 397
Michael IV, Eastern Emperor, 257
Michael VII, Eastern Emperor, appeals to
Pope, 270; 133, 181
Michael Burtzes, Greek general, 247, 251
Michael Cerularius, patriarch of Constanti-
nople, 29
Michael Doceanus, catapan, 170
Michael Palaeologus, sent by Manuel VII to
Italy, 191; leads revolt in South Italy,
192; death of, ib.
Michael the Scot, translator of Aristotle, 813
Middlesex, 481, 507 sq. ; sheriffdom leased
to London, 539; earl of Essex, hereditary
sheriff of, 548
Midlands, the, 481, 501 sq. , 521, 551, 570
Milan, its antiquity, 209; a rival of Rome, 39;
civic consciousness in, 213 sq. ; classes and
their warfare in, 217 sqq. , 235, 237; con-
suls of, 219 sq. , 233; its geographical
position, 230; its ambitions and foes, 226,
230; church reforms at, 39 sqq. ; synod at
(1059), 42; reformers at, and Alexander II,
47; Patarine tumults in, 47 sq. , 219;
Erlembald's rule in, 48, 219; Gregory VII
and, 59, 63 sqq. , 130, 134; Henry IV and,
49, 59 sq. , 63 sqq. , 136, 139; favours
Anacletus against Innocent II, 364; hostile
to Lothar III, ib. ; won over by St Bernard,
hostility to Frederick I, 194, 417;
her power increases on Frederick's return
to Germany, 422; besieged and captured
by Frederick I, 426 sq. ; revolts again, 428;
captured and destroyed, 434 sq. ; rebuilt,
440; won over by Frederick I, 457; Henry
VI and Constance married at, 408, 457;
first podestà at, 238; 22, 33 sq. , 52 sq. ,
339, 388, 397, 465, 470; archbishops of,
see Adalman, Anselm, Aribert, Atto, God.
frey, Guido, Hilduin, Humbert, Landolf,
Manasse, Tedald, Urban III
Milazzo, 177
Miles of Brecknock, rebels against Stephen,
545; made earl of Hereford, 548
Mileto, 176
Milford Haven, 565
Milites, in Italian cities, 235 sq.
Milo of Bray, viscount of Troyes, 596 sq. ,
602
Ministeriales, rise of, in Germany, 119 sqq. ;
usurpation of freedom by, in Saxony, 128;
royal ministeriales, ib. ; Henry V and, 155;
Markward of Anweiler, a ministerialis,
472; 149, 352
Mirabeau, castle of, 556, 567
Miramar, the College of the Holy Trinity of,
325
Mirdāsites, emirs of po, 255 sqq.
Misilmeri, Norman victory over Saracens at,
177
Missionary work, in Scandinavia, 114, 116,
415; among the Slavs, 114, 116, 165, 333,
343 sq. , 398 sqq. ; in the East, 325 sqq.
Mitre, papal and episcopal, use of, 34 sq.
Modena, position of, at end of twelfth cen-
tury, 225; a rival of Bologna, Piacenza,
and Reggio, 230; takes oath of fealty
to Frederick I, 426
Modoald, bishop of Tours, 771
Moglena, Normans at, 182
Mohun, William de, earl of Somerset, rebels
against Stephen, 544; made earl by
Matilda, 547
Moldavia, civil code of, 719
Molesme, abbey, 669, 672, 674
Molfetta, 192
Monaco, Genoese at, 472
Monastic orders, Chap. xx; reforms of
Benedictof Aniane, 659 sq. ; of Chrodegang,
and Amalarius, 660 sq. ; decline after the
death of Charlemagne, 661; the Cluniac
movement, 661 sqq. ; revival of, in Eng-
land, 666; the Order of Camaldoli,
667; of La Cava, Vallombrosa, and
Grandmont, 668; the Carthusian Order,
669 sq. ; other ascetic orders, 670; Fonte-
vrault, 671; Cistercian Order, 672 sqq. ;
canons regular, 678 sqq. ; Premonstraten-
sian Order,680 sq. ; Orderof Sempringham,
682; military orders, 683 sqq. ; orders and
congregations, 684 sq. ; and the Fourth
Lateran Council, 685; condition of, in the
## p. 984 (#1030) ###########################################
984
Index
thirteenth century, 686; causes of the
decline of discipline, 687; later orders,
688; reforms of Benedict XII, 688 sq. ;
learning in monasteries, 690; monastic
finance, 691; decline of, in England,
691 sq. ; decline of, in France, Italy,
and Germany, 692; growth of the con-
gregational system, 693 sqq. ; fifteenth-
century attempts at reform, 695 sq. ; and
the Reformation, 696
Mongol Empire, converted to Islām, 326
Monreale, monastery, 668
Montacute, castle of, 530
Mont Cenis, crossed by Henry IV, 137
Montchauvet, castle of, 593, 596
Monte Cassino, abbey of, Victor II at, 31
sq. ; death of Victor III at, 87; monks
expelled by William I of Sicily, 416;
placed under interdict by Celestine III,
464; 32 sq. , 79, 202, 658, 661 sq. , 688, 693,
696
Monte Fano, monastery, 688
Monte Gargano, Norman pilgrims at, 168
Monteleone, near Bivona, 173
Montemaggiore, battle of, 171
Monte Oliveto, Order of, 688
Montepeloso, Norman victory at, 171; 176
Monteporzio, victory of Christian of Mayence
at, 198
Monte Rodone, 470
Montesa, Knights of, 683
Monte Vergine, abbey, 688
Montevilliers, first Norman nunnery at,
491
Montferrand, 598
Montferrat, marquesses of, foes of Italian
towns, 225; enemies of Asti, 229; 418,
442, 445; see also Conrad
Montfort-l'Amauri, castle of, 593, 596, 612
Montgomeri, Norman castle, 488, 530
Montgomery, castle in Wales, 525
Montgomery, family of, 492, 536; see also
Arnulf, Robert of Bellême, Robert of
Poitou, Roger, William Talvas
Montjoy, 597
Montlbéry, castle of, 593, 596 sq.
Montlouis, 614
Montmirail, 613
Montpellier, 435; commune of, 628, 638;
hospital of the Holy Spirit at, 683
Montreal, fortress, 304
Montreuil in Normandy, manor of, 488 sq.
Montreuil-Bellay, 609
Montreuil-sur-Mer, gild at, 637; commune
at, 647
Mont-Saint-Michel, monastery, re-establish.
ed, 484; 491, 524, 611
Monza, 339, 363, 427
Moravia, see of Olmütz in, 4
Morena, Acerbus, chronicler, on Frederick
Barbarossa, 382
Moreruela, Cistercian abbey, 676
Moret, 616
Morimond, Cistercian abbey, 672, 675 sqq. ,
682
Morkere, earl of Northumbria, acquiesces in
Harold's election, 482; defeated by Harold
Hardrada, 499; retires to his estates after
Hastings, 501 sq. ; submits to William,
502; but rebels, 503; a prisoner, 505
Morlas, local customs of, 643
Morocco, foundation of Idrisite caliphate in,
242
Mort d'Ancestor, writ of, 589
Mortain, Norman castle and comté, 485, 490;
670; count of, outlawed and despoiled by
Henry I, 530 sq. , 536; counts of, see
Robert, Stephen, William
Mortener, battle of, 494 sq.
Mortimer family, fiefs of, 511, 536
Mortimer, Hugh, and Henry II, 555
Mortimer, Ralf of, and William II, 523
Morton, John, archbishop of Canterbury,
692
Moselle, river, 351
Moses ben Maymun, see Maimonides
Mosinopolis, Normans defeated by Byzantines
near, 199
Mouchy, 615
Mountsorrel, castle of, 568 sq.
Mouzon, negotiations between Henry V and
Calixtus II at, 106 sq. ; 397
Mowbray, Robert of, earl of Northumberland,
rebels against William II,522; imprisoned,
523; 526
Mowbray, Roger de, rebels against Henry II,
568, 570
Moxby, nunnery, 681
Mubārak-ad-Daulah Fataḥ, 255
Mufarrij ibn Daghfal ibn Jarrah, see Ibn
Daghfal
Muḥammad ibn Dimlaj, Turkish emir, 262
Muhammad ibn Rā‘iq, emir of Aleppo,
245
Muhammad ibn Tughjal-Ikhshid, see Ikhshid
Muhammadan, Empire, in Syria and Egypt,
Chap. vi; philosophy, 811 sqq. , 814 sqq.
Mühlhausen, 341, 406
Mu'izz, Fātimite Caliph, his conquest of
Egypt, 247
Mu'izz ibn Badis, Zairid emir of Tunis,
renounces Fātimites, 258
Mu'izz-ad-Daulah Thumāl, see Thumāl
Mujāhid, ruler of Denia, and Sardinia, 226
Muktafi, Abbasid Caliph, defeats Qarmatians
and puts an end to Țūlūnite dynasty,
245
Munich, growth of, under Henry the Lion,
400 sq. ; 340
Mūnis, 'amir al-'umarā at Baghdad, defeats
Fātimites, 245
Munster, 565
Muret, near Limoges, 668
Muriella, wife of Tancred de Hauteville, 170
Musegros, forest, 603
Musta'li, Fātimite Caliph, 264
Mustanşir, Fātimite Caliph, 258 sq. , 262,
264
Mutanabbi, Arab poet, 246
Mu'tazilites, sect of, 815
sq. ; 252
## p. 985 (#1031) ###########################################
Index
985
Nicholas II, Pope (Gerard, bishop of Flor-
ence), election of, 35; enthroned, 36;
papacy of, 36 sqq. ; character of, 39; makes
treaty of Melfi with Normans, 36, 77, 174
sq. ; his papal election decree, see Rome,
Councils (1059); his decree on canons,
678; death of, 39, 42; 52, 73, 92, 114
Nicholas IV, Pope, and the fall of Acre, 318
sq.
Nicholas, St, shrine of, at Bari, 688
Nicholas Breakspear, see Hadrian IV, Pope
Nicholas de Tudeschis, the canonist, 742
Niclot, Wendish prince, 344, 354 sq. , 386,
398 sq.
Nahr-Ibrāhim, river, northern boundary of
kingdom of Jerusalem, 301
Namur, 2; county of, 410 sq.
Nanno, count of Verona, tries Ratherius,
214
Nantes, county of, 556, 611
Naples, early organisation of city government
in, 167, 209; early commerce at, 216;
besieged by Guiscard, 179; 183; Roger II
invested with, 186; conquers duke of, 187;
William I invested with, 193; unsuccess-
fully besieged by Henry VI, 202, 464;
surrenders to Henry VI, 470; 491; duke
of, see Sergius IV
Narbonne, trade of, 644; viscountess of,
616; archbishop of, made primate over
Aix, 90
Nāşir-ad-Daulah Hasan, ruler of Mosul,
245
Nāşir-ad-Daulah ibn Hamdān, Turkish
leader, rules over Egypt, 259, 262
Nāsir-i-Khusrau, Persian traveller, 258
Nasr ibn Mushraf, Arab chief, 257
Nasr, son of Mahmūd ibn Nasr, Mirdāsite
emir of Aleppo, 261
Nașr Shibl-ad-Daulah ibn Şāliḥ, Mirdāsite
emir of Aleppo, 256; dies, 258
Navarre, monasticism in, 677
Nazarius, St, 41
Neauphle, 601
Nebrija, Antonio de, the jurist, 748
Neckar, river, 140
Negropont, pillaged by William I, 193
Neocaesarea, council of, and celibacy, 11
Neo-Platonism, 781 sq.
Neronian Field, battle on the, victory of
anti-Pope Honorius II, 43
Netherlands, Roman and canon law in the,
755 sq. ; monasteries in, 663, 696; see also
Flanders
Neufmarché, taken by Louis VII, 610
Neuss, monastery, 694
Neustria, reforms of St Boniface in, 12
Neutra, see Nyitra
Névelon of Pierrefonds, and Louis VII, 615
Nevers, bishop of, 563; count of, 598, 615,
619
Newcastle, built, 518; 544; surrendered to
Henry II, 556; 571
New Forest, 527
Newhouse, first English Premonstratensian
monastery, 680
Nicaea, 276; capital of Qilij. Arslān I, 285;
besieged by crusaders, 283 sq. , 285; sur-
renders, 285 sq. ; 288, 299, 330, 492;
council of (325), 11, 708, 711; council of
(787), 708
Nicephorus II Phocas, Eastern Emperor,
conquests in Syria, 246 sq.
Nicephorus III Botaniates, Eastern Emperor,
war with Guiscard, 181
Nicetas, governor of Antioch, 257
Nicetas, Byzantine historian, on Henry VI,
473
Nicholas I, Pope, 35 note, 111
Nicolaitans, nickname of married clergy,
41
Niel, King of Denmark, 344; death of, ib.
Nigel de Albini, 536
Nigel, bishop of Ely, treasurer of Henry I,
rebels against Stephen, 545; treasurer of
Henry II, 555, 573, 576
Nigel of Saint Sauveur, leads revolt against
William I, 493
Nikita, Byzantine governor of Bulgaria,
275
Nilus, St, 1
Nilus Doxapatrius, Greek author, at court of
Roger II, 207
Nîmes, commune at, 639, 648; synod at, 95
Niort, commune of, 649
Niš, Walter Sansavoir and Peter the Hermit
at, 275, 278
Nizam-al-mulk, Seljūq vizier, murder of,
264
Nogent, monastery of, 593; see also Guibert
Nominalism, and Realism, 794 sq.
Nonantula, abbey, 661
Norbert, St, founds the Premonstratensian
Order, 680; 110; supports Innocent II,
342
Nordalbingia, Lothar III's activities in, 344
Nordhausen, Henry V holds synod at (1105),
150
Nordheim, counts of, 152 sq. ; see also Henry
the Fat, Otto
Norfolk, county, 508; risings in, 518, 521;
543, 548, 584
Norfolk, earldom of, created by Stephen,
546; earl of, see Bigod, Hugh
Normandy, duchy of, Chaps. XV, XVI, XVII,
XVIII; administration of, under Richard II,
484 sqq. ; vicomtés and comtés, 485; revenue,
486; position of bishops, 486 sq. ; land
tenure in, 487 sq. ; knights' fees in, 489;
the peasantry in, 490; church in, under
iam I, 496; monasteries in, 663
Normans, in South Italy and Sicily, Chap. IV;
character of their rule, xii sq. ; arrival in
South Italy, 168, 491; take service under
various rulers, 169; aid in revolts, 170
sqq. ; mercenaries at Byzantium, 171; and
the Papacy, xi sqq. , 21 sq. , 31 sq. , 36, 45,
52, 59, 76 sqq. , 86 sq. , 90, 96, 101, 105,
110 sq. , 114, 116, 142, 156, 174 sqq. , 178,
193; Frederick I and, 396; Eastern am-
## p. 986 (#1032) ###########################################
986
Index
bitions of, xiv; Chaps xi, XIII passim; in
Sicily, 207; see also Sicily, kingdom of
Northallerton, battle of the Standard near,
544; castle of, 570
Northampton, Assize of, 584 sqq.
Northampton, town, 555 note; council of
(1164), 561; 562, 570 sq. ; earl of, see
Simon de Sentliz
Northamptonshire, 570, 581
North Sea, 504
Northumberland, county, 517 sqq. , 523 sq. ;
543 sq. ; surrendered to Henry II, 556;
580
Northumberland, earldom of, 517, 522, 544;
earls of, see Henry, son of David of Scot-
land, Mowbray, Walcher, Waltheof; see
also Bernicia
Northumbria, province, 502, 504, 570; earl
of, see Morkere
Norway, church in, relations with Gregory
VII, 85; missions to, 415; monasticism in,
677
Norwich, 538, 553, 570, 578, 690
Noto, in Sicily, 183
Nottingham, castle at, 503, 568; borough,
538, 551, 555, 570
Nottinghamshire, 549, 555, 577, 584
Nouvion l'Abbesse, castle of, 595
Novara, 211; ally of Pavia, 230
Novel disseisin, writ of, 589, 759
Noyon, commune at, 649
Noyon-sur-Andelle, 602
Nuneaton, nunnery, 671
Nunneries, 671, 681
Nūr-ad-Din, Sultan, son of Zangi, captures
Damascus, 307; the Second Crusade and,
ib. ; conquest of Egypt, 308; death of,
309
Nuremberg, besieged and captured by Lothar
III, 337 sqq. ; diet of (1186), peace enact-
ments at, 383
Nydala, Cistercian abbey, 677
Nyitra (Neutra), in Hungary, band of cru-
saders dispersed at, 276
brother of William I, 496; left in charge
in England, 503; his fiefs, 506; im.
prisoned by William I, 519; his revolt
against William II, 521 sq. ; takes the
Cross, 527
Odo, abbot of Cluny, 662
Odo of Tournai, 3
Odofred, the glossator, 734 sq. , 738
Offa's dyke, 525
Oise, river, 491
Oldenburg, see of, 356, 398 sq. ; removed to
Lübeck, 400
Olmütz, see of, restored by Bratislav, 4
Oloron, no serfs in, 642; favourable geogra-
phical position of, 643
Ongar, castle and honour, 569
Ophamil, Walter, archbishop of Palermo,
one of Council of Ten in Sicily, 197; his
influence under William II, ib. ; in favour
of Henry VI, 200; crowns Tancred, 461
Oppenheim, 69, 136
Orderic of Pordenone, and missionary work,
326
Ordericus Vitalis, chronicler, 84 note; on
First Crusade, 275; on the monastery of
Saint-Évroult, 488
Ordo Cluniacensis, of Bernard, 664
Ordulf Billung, duke of Saxony, succeeds
his father, 114; 116, 129; death of, 130
Oria, 176
Orleans, commune of, 628; 598, 620 sq. ;
council of (533), 635; council of (538), 11;
bishop of, 594
Orontes, river, 291
Orsini family, 463
Osbern, a tenant of Richard II of Normandy,
487
Osbern, seneschal of Robert I of Normandy,
made guardian of William I, 492; murder
of, ib.
Osimo, 36
Osmond, Norman adventurer, 169
Ostrogoths, laws of the, 723
Oswald, bishop of Worcester, and monastic
reform, 663
Oswestry, 544
Otranto, city, 173, 176; territory of, 167
Otto I the Great, Western Emperor, and
papal elections, 36; and monastic reform,
662; 2, 101, 123, 151 sq. , 334, 358, 366,
394
Otto II, Western Emperor, his grant to men
of Lazise, 215
Otto III, Western Emperor, grant to citizens
of Cremona, 214; and Romuald, 667; 1,
14
Otto IV, Western Emperor, son of Henry the
Lion, 467, 469, 477
Otto, cardinal-bishop of Ostia, see Urban II,
Pope
Otto of Nordheim, made duke of Bavaria,
114; aids Anno to capture Henry IV,
115; weakness of, in Bavaria, 122; his
revolt and condemnation, 129; in revolt
of 1073, 131 ; pardoned and advanced, 126,
Obasine, monastery, 678
Obbiano, 176
Obotrites, land of the, given to Canute of
Schleswig, 344; 354; see also Niclot,
Wends
Ochrida, Normans at, 182
Ocri, monastery at, 33
Octavian (anti-Pope Victor IV), cardinal of
Santa Cecilia, sent as legate to Germany,
379, 423; his character, 379; as anti-
Pope, 368, 430 sq. , 433, 436, 617 sqq. ;
death of, 394, 438
Octavian, cardinal-bishop of Ostia, im-
prisoned by Henry VI, 467
Oculus pastoralis, treatise on duties of the
podestà, 238
Oder, river, 355, 389
Odilo, abbot of Cluny, and Robert I of Nor-
mandy, 491; 2, 662, 664
Odo, bishop of Bayeux, earl of Kent, half-
## p. 987 (#1033) ###########################################
Index
987
135; revolts again, 135; his death, 142;
his territories inherited by Lothar of
Saxony, 152, 164, 334; 145, 153, 404 note
Otto, duke of Swabia, death of, 113
Otto of Wittelsbach, count-palatine of
Bavaria, reconciles Henry the Proud and
Leopold of Austria, 340
Otto, count-palatine of Wittelsbach, his
wrath with papal legates, 391, 425; sent
by Frederick to Italy, 426; made duke of
Bavaria, 405
Otto of Olmütz, Lothar III supports his
claim to dukedom of Bohemia, 336 sq.
Otto of Olmütz, son of the elder Otto, heads
rebellion in Bohemia, 352
Otto, margrave of Brandenburg, 153, 465
Otto, bishop of Bamberg, consecrates arch-
bishop Adalbert, 160; missionary work in
Pomerania, 110, 165, 343; his attitude in
contest of Empire and Papacy, 104, 106;
supports Innocent II, 342
Otto, bishop of Constance, 62 note
Otto, bishop of Freising, and logic, 808; his
version of the Concordat of Worms, 108;
on Lothar III's election, 335; on Lothar,
480; on settlement of Frankfort, 350;
reads. conciliatory letter of Hadrian IV to
Frederick I, 391; dispute with Henry the
Lion over trade, 400; 153 sq.
Otto of Ballenstädt, marries Eilica, daughter
of duke Magnus, 152 sq. ; 164
Otto Frangipane, 418
Otto de Grandison, leader of English crusa-
ders, 318; defends Acre, ib.
Otto of St Blaise, chronicler, on Henry VI,
473, 480
Ottokar, margrave of Styria, made duke of
Styria, 405
Ouche, district, 488
Oudenarde, 599
Ourscamp, monastery, 675
Owen Gwynedd, prince of North Wales, and
Henry II, 556
Owston Ferry, 570
Oxford, 537 sq. ; surrenders to Matilda, 547;
besieged by Stephen, 548 sq. ; 576 sq. ,
579; St Frideswide at, 567 note; Benedic-
tine house (Gloucester Hall) at, 689;
school of law at, 757; opposition to
Aquinas at, 823
Oxford, earl of, see Vere
Oxfordshire, 507, 548, 570, 580
Tancred crowned at, 461; Tancred dies at,
470; surrenders to Henry VI, 203, 471;
Henry VI crowned at, 203, 471; Henry VI
buried at, 479; made a metropolitan see,
193; 474 note
Palestine, conquered by Fātimites, 249;
Seljūq Turks in, 262; 403, 492, 528, 540,
593,595,608; see also Crusades, Jerusalem,
kingdom of
Palestrina, death of Damasus II at, 23
Palmer, Richard, bishop of Syracuse,
minister in Sicily, 196; one of Council of
Ten, 197
Pandulf, prince of Benevento, 169
Pandulf (Paldolf) III, prince of Capua, aids
Melo against Byzantines, 169; imprisoned
by Henry II, 169; released by Conrad II,
ib. ; deposed by Conrad II, 170; restored
by Henry III, 172
Panormitanus, canonist, 743
Papacy, Introduction, Chaps. I, II, III, X, XI,
XII, XIII, XIV; election decree of 1059, viii
sqq. , 36 sq. ; situation of, at beginning of
Gregory VII's rule, 58 sq. ; its dangerous
position after death of Gregory VII, 86; its
enhanced position after the Concordat of
Worms, 109 sqq. , 360 sq. ; St Bernard on
the powers of, xxi; relations with Normans,
see Normans; relation of Popes to war
against Muslims, 267 sq. ; and crusading
movement, 320 sqq. ; effects of crusades
on, 321 sq. ; its degradation of the crusad-
ing movement, 322 sq. ; schism of, in 1159,
430 sq. ; and indulgences, 323 sq. ; and
tithes, 324; and church reform, vii sqq. ;
and Councils of the Church, ix; its
finances, x sq. ;see also Popes
Papareschi, family of, 363
Paphnutius, at Council of Nicaea, 11
Papinian, Roman jurist, his Responsa, 721 sq.
Paris, council of (559), 635; council of (824),
776; council of (829), 26, 776; Robert
Curthose at, 519; 493, 596; Henry II at,
611; 616, 620; see of, 621; commune of,
628; cathedral school of, 773; abbey of
St Victor at, 800; Peter the Lombard at,
803 sq. ; teaching of Roman Law forbidden
to the University of, 751; University of,
takes lead in theology, 767; Aristotle for.
bidden to the University, 814, 817 sqq. ;
Aquinas at, 821; papal collections of
Decretals sent to the University, 714
Parma, 43, 229, 231 note; a rival of Piacenza
and Reggio, 230
Paschal II, Pope (Cardinal Rainer), election
of, 95; his early life, 95 sq. , 666; troubles of,
at Rome, 96; character of, 96 sq. ; relations
with Henry IV, 97 sq. , 149; relations with
Henry V, 96 sq. , 154; attitude on investi-
ture question, 98 sqq. , 155; his success in
France, 99; relations with England, 99 sq. ,
531 sq. ; welcomed in France, 101; nego-
tiations with Henry V, ib. ; his solution of
the investiture problem, 102; captured by
Henry V, 102; his concessions to Henry V,
Padua, its antiquity, 209; new walls of, 225;
229; rival of Venice, 230; 231; forms
League of Verona against Barbarossa, 438;
abbey of Sta Giustina at, 693; 740
Paganel, Ralph, of Dudley, rebels against
Stephen, 544
Païen of Garlande, see Garlande
Païen of Montjay, 597, 602
Paldolf III, ruler of Capua, see Pandulf III
Palermo, captured by Normans, 177 sq. , 183,
266; Roger II crowned at, 186; 190, 194,
196, 199, 206, 439; riots at, 195, 197, 462;
## p. 988 (#1034) ###########################################
988
Index
103; forced to retract them, 103, 156; flees
from Rome, 105; death of, ib. ; Fontevrault
and, 671; 117 note
Paschal III, anti-Pope, see Guido of Crema
Paschasius Radbert, on the Eucharist, 791
Passais, the, 495
Passerano, 36
Pataria, Patarines, nickname given to re-
formers at Milan, 41 sq. , 219; conflicts at
Milan, 47 sqq. ; 52 sq. , 64, 134
Patrician of Rome, title given to Henry III,
22; to Henry IV, 42
Pauca palea, the canonist, 742
Paul of Castro, the commentator, 740
Paul the Deacon, brought from Italy by
Charlemagne, 766, 772
Paulus, Roman jurist, his Sententiae, 721 sqq.
Pavia, councils of (1018), 15 sq. ; (1046), 19,
21; (1049), 25; popular rising against
bishop, 40; rival of Milan, 219 sq. , 230;
consuls at, 220; favours Frederick I, 417
sq. , 426, 428, 440, 442, 445; Frederick I
holds synod at, 433, 436; law-school at,
732 sqq. ; 139, 465, 662, 664
Payerne, abbey, 662, 664
Peace of God, in Germany, 143; and
communes, 635 sq.
Peak Castle, 556, 568
Peckham, John, archbishop of Canterbury,
and the state of the monasteries, 687; his
attacks on Aquinas, 822
Pedites, in Italian cities, 236 sq.
Peene, river, 398
Pelagius II, Pope, attitude to celibacy, 12
Pelagonia, Normans at, 182
Pelavicini, feudal lords of Lombardy, 225
Pembroke, castle of Arnulf of Montgomery
at, 525, 530; earldom of, created by
Stephen, 546; earls of, see Clare, Marshall,
Strongbow
Pembrokeshire, Flemish colony in, 535
Peñafort, Raymond de, Spanish jurist, 748;
compiles Gregory IX's Decretals, 714
Pencader, 556
Penthièvre, 498, 504
Pepin, King of Italy, son of Charlemagne,
and city of Piacenza, 211
Pepo, the glossator, 737
Perche, 530
Perpignan, commune of, 631, 640, 643
Persia, bishopric founded in, 326
Perth, 517
Perugia, its position in Umbria, 228 sq.
Peter, King of Aragon, acknowledges papal
authority, 90
Peter Damian, cardinal-bishop of Ostia, 3, 13
note, 19, 26, 28; early life of, 33; legate at
Milan, 38, 41 sq. , 48; letters of, to Cadalus
and Henry IV, 43 sq. ; his Disceptatio
Symodalis, 44; opinion of the Lombard
bishops, 42; goes to France, 46; compels
Henry IV to take back his wife, 117; death
of, 49; his asceticism, 667; and canons
regular, 678; his philosophical works, 792;
34, 39, 45, 92
Peter Morrone (Pope Celestine V), founds the
Celestine Order, 688
Peter Pierleoni, cardinal of St Calixtus (anti-
Pope Anacletus II), election of, 363; sup-
ported by Roger II, and creates him King
of Sicily, 186 sq. , 364; appeals to Lothar
III, 342, 363; tries to justify his claim
before Lothar, 365; death of, 368
Peter Pisano, cardinal, won over to Innocent
IV by St Bernard, 368
Peter of La Châtre, archbishop of Bourges,
605, 607
Peter, bishop of Amalfi, 29
Peter the Lombard, bishop of Paris, his
philosophy, 803 sq.
Peter the Venerable, abbot of Cluny, 666
Peter, abbot of Farfa, 5
Peter, abbot of La Celle, on Becket, 557
Peter, abbot of Monte Cassino, 32
Peter, prefect of Rome, 418
Peter the Hermit, his preaching of the First
Crusade and journey to Constantinople,
275 sqq. ; his importance a legend, 299
Peter, grand chamberlain, minister in Sicily,
196
Peter, count of Taranto, rebels against
Guiscard, 180
Peter of Trani, rebels against Guiscard,
178
Peter Bartholomew, finder of the Holy Lance,
295
Peter of Eboli, rhyming chronicler, on
marriage of Henry VI and Constance,
456 note; on Tancred, 202, 461
Peter of Pisa, learned Italian, 772
Peter of Studley, 576
Peterborough, 505, 684
Peterborough Chronicle, 481, 519, 549,
552
Peter's Pence xi, 19, 90
Petrarch, and the commentators, 739 sq.
Petronilla (Alice), second wife of Ralph of
Vermandois, 606
Pevensey, 500, 521, 530 sq.
Peverel family, fiefs of, 506, 511; honour
of, 568
Peverel, William, 506
Peverel, William, becomes a monk, 555
Philagathus, archbishop of Piacenza (anti-
Pope John XVI), 1
Philaretus (Philard), governor of Antioch,
263 note
Philip I, King of France, and simony, 9;
relations with Gregory VII, 81; his case at
the Council of Piacenza, 94; excommuni.
cated by Urban II at the Council of
Clermont, 89, 94; relations with Paschal
II, 99, 101; proposes marriage-alliance
with Roger I of Sicily, 183; and First
Crusade, 273; ally of Robert Curthose,
519, 526; 95, 126, 592, 601
Philip II Augustus, King of France, his
enmity to Henry II, 572; relations with
Frederick I, 397; and the fall of Henry
the Lion, 407; alliance with Frederick I,
## p. 989 (#1035) ###########################################
Index
989
409;
and Third Crusade, 310 sqq. , 322,
462; relations with Henry VI,467 sqq. ; 647
Philip, King of the Romans, duke of Swabia,
younger son of Frederick I, appointed to
see of Würzburg, 466; becomes duke of
Tuscany, 472; marries Irene, daughter of
Isaac Angelus, 473, 479; 477
Philip, half-brother of Louis VI, 596
Philip of Heinsberg, chancellor, archbishop
of Cologne, 393, 448; crowns Henry VI,
443; enemy of Henry the Lion, 403; re-
ceives Westphalia, 406, 408; his hostile
attitude to Frederick I, 407; his strong
position, 408, 458; submits to Frederick I,
409, 459; 460, 467
Philip, margrave of Namur, second son of
Baldwin of Hainault, 411
Philip, count of Flanders, and the fall of
Henry the Lion, 407; 411, 614, 619
Philip de Mezières, his enthusiasm for a new
crusade, 319
Philippopolis, 281, 411
Philomelium, Alexius at, 294
Philosophy, in the Middle Ages, Chap. XXIII;
character of ancient philosophy, 781;
Neo-Platonism and Christianity, 781 sq. ;
philosophy and theology, 782; John the
Scot, 784 sqq. ; decline of philosophy after
him, 788; Aristotle and Plato, 789 sq. ;
influence of Macrobius on, 790; importance
of dialectic, 790 sq. ; Sylvester II and, 791;
Berengar and Peter Damian, 792; Anselm
and, 792 sqq. ; Nominalism and Realism,
794 sq. ; Roscelin, 796; Abelard, 797 sqq. ;
Hugh of St Victor, 800 sqq. ; Peter the
Lombard, 803 sq.
