No More Learning

With him, sins, being the point death and
all the rest suffered death, which they had among other things, the injury and the crime way deserved. Mark Smeton only confessed, committed against queen Anne Boleyn, who
cleared me that publick shame has brought
me Alas! fear his soul suffers for and
that now punished for his false accusation. But for my brother, and those others, doubt not, but are now the presence of that
Great King, before whom am morrow. '”
seems, that gentleman knew nothing
partiality for queen Anne. We must leave those secrets the great day.
".
for his other sins; but not from the
had never offended. Yet prayed God that king Henry expressed great repentance
whom says, many English gentlemen him, that assured
he had deserved well die which gave occa
sion inany reflections. When the queen
heard how her brother and the other gentlemen
had suffered, and had sealed her innocence
with their own blood but that Mark had con
fessed, deserved die; she broke out into ing queen Catherine, not suspected some passion, and said; Has he not then
the judgment that passed
nulling the marriage for
secretly. could have
lour, but from that story mentioned Caven also received the blessed sacrament upon the
dish's Life Wolsey, the lord Percy's ad same before the duke Norfolk, and other dresses her. He was now examined upon the king's highnes council learned the spi
that: but will appear from his letter Cromwell, that solemnly purged both him self and her, from any precontract; being exa mined upon oath the two archbishops; and that received the sacrament upon before the duke Norfolk, and some the king's council that were learned the spiritual law; assuring them his oath, and the sacra ment that had received, and intended receive, that there was never any contract,
romise marriage, between her and him.
This wrote the 13th May, four days
before the queen's execution; which will
found the collection. This shews plainly,
that she was prevailed on, between fear and “what write, what excuse, am alto hope, confess precontract, the person not ‘gether ignorant. Whereas you send unto me being named. ‘(willing me confess truth, and obtain
The French gentleman gives the same ac “your favour) such one whom you know count the manner her death, and her ‘to mine antient professed enemy; speech, that the other writers that time ‘sooner received this message him, than do. “When she was brought the place ‘rightly conceived your meaning; and execution, within the Tower, says, her looks “you say, confessing truth indeed m–ay were cheartui. ; and she never appeared more ‘procure my safety, shall with willing. beautiful, than that time. She said those ‘ness and duty perform your command. about her, not sorry see me die thus; “But let not your grace ever imagine that
but pardon me from your hearts, that have “your poor wife will ever brought ac not expressed about me, that mildness “knowledge fault, where not much
that became me; and that have not done ‘thought thereof preceded. And speak that good, that was my power do. She “truth, never prince had wife more loyal
prayed for those who were the procurers her duty, and true affection, than you have death. Then, with the aid her maids, she “ever found Ann Boleyn, with which name
was falsly accused, and convicted that which was laid her charge. true, Thuanus has very much disgraced that writer, vain and ignorant plagiary but having been the order that suffered much for their adher
The Earl Northumberland's Letter Crom
well, denying any Contract,
Promise Anne and himself.
signifie unto Raynold Carnaby, ‘that there supposed precontract between
Marriage,
between Queen
to “Mr. Secretary, this shall ‘you, that perceyve
Lambeth, an ‘the queen and me; whereupon was not only
was transacted “heretofore examined upon my oath before the foundation co archbishopps Canterbury and York, but
rituall law; assuring you, Mr. Secretary,
the said oath, and blessed body which affore received, and hereafter intend receive, that the same may uny damnation, ever there were any contracte, promise marriage between her and me. At Newyng ton-Green, the xijth day Maye, the 28th year the reigne our soveraigne lord
‘king Henry the 8th.
Your assured. “North UMBERLAND. ’
Queen Ann
Boleyn's
last Letter
king Henry.
‘Sir; Your grace's displeasure, and my im ‘prisonment, are things strange unto me,
It
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17
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427] STATE TRIALS, 28 HENRY VIII. 1536. -Trials of Queen Anna Boleyn, [428
‘and place I could willingly have contented “myself, if God and your grace's pleasure had
‘ been so pleased. Neither did I at any time “so far forget my self in my exaltation, or re
‘ ceived queenship, but that I alwayes looked * for such an alteration as now I find ; for the * ground of my preferment being on no surer
“foundation than your grace's fancy, the least ‘ alteration, I knew, was and sufficient
Ertract from Strype's Memorials, vol. 279.
This year, (1536) the month May, queen Anne Boleyn was beheaded: great friend and patroness the reformed religion. She was very nobly charitable, and expended largely
manner acts liberality, according
her high quality. And among the rest her ways shewing this Christian virtue, she being
favourer learning, together with her father, draw that fancy some other subject. You the lord Wiltshire, and the lord Rochford, her
have chosen me, from low estate,
brother, maintained divers ingenious men
the universities. Among the rest, were these men note, Dr. Hethe, afterward archbishop
your queen and companion, far beyond my
desert desire. then you found me wor thy such honour, good your grace not
York, and lord chancellor; Dr. Thirlby,
any light fancy, bad counsel mine ene
mies, withdraw your princely favour from me; ward lord Paget, and secretary state:
neither that stain, that unworthy stain disloyal heart towards your good grace,
cover cast foul blot your most dutiful wife, and the infant princess your daughter:
try me, good king, but let me have lawful
which her time were favourers of the Gos pel, though afterwards they relapsed. Of Paget one hath observed, that he was most earnest Protestant, and being Cambridge, gave unto one Raynold West, Luther's book, and other
trial, and not iny sworn enemies my books the Germans, Franciscus Lamber
accusers and judges; yea, me receive open trial, for my truth shall fear open shame; then shall you see, either mine inno cency cleared, your suspicion and conscience satisfied, the ignonimy and slander the would
tus Sectis: and that,
Melancthon's rhetorick
and was maintainer
the Protestants then
that time he read openly Trinity-hall; Dr. Barmes, and all Cambridge, and helped
proved, your grace
liberty, execute
É.
punishment
follow your associion, already settled that party, for whose sake am How am, whose name could some good while since have pointed unto; your grace being not norant my suspicion therein. —But you have already determined me, and that not only my death, but infamous slander must
bring you the enjoying your desired happi ness; then desire God, that will par
don your great sin therein, and likewise mine enemies, the instruments thereof; and that will not call you strict account for
ferers, and her high esteem Iythe Queen.
the word God.
and
not me
wo, thy
man,
only
unlawful wife, but
your unprincely and cruel usage me, his
general judgment-seat, where both you and ‘that with speed and favour convenient,
my self must shortly appear, and whose “woll cause this good and honest merchant, judgment doubt not, (whatsoever the world “being my lords true, faithful and loving sub may think ine) mine innocence shall ‘ject, restored his pristin freedoin, openly known, and sufficiently cleared. —My “liberty and fellowship aforesaid. And the
last and only request shall be, that my self ‘sooner this our request: and your good may only bear the burthen your grace's ‘plesure hear him such things hath
displeasure, and that may not touch the in “to make further relation unto you nocent souls those poor gentlemen, who, half. Yeven under our signet,
this be my lord's
understand, are likewise strait impri ‘mannor Grenewich, the day
sonment for my sake. ever have found Such material piece history the king's
favour your sight, ever the name Anu Boleyn hath been pleasing your ears, then
reign, besides what written our historials, may deserve divers particular remarks be shewn, concerning this queen's behaviour and
let me obtain this cquest; and will leave
trouble your grace any further, with mine her speeches, from the time her commitment
earnest prayers the Trinity have your the Tower, her execution. Which am grace his good keeping, and direct wou enabled give from five six letters sir
your actions. From my doleful prison Willian Kyngston, constable, (as others) the Tower, this May. Your most lieutenant, the Tower, secretary Crum
loyal and ever faithful wife, ANN Boliy wel. And the rather, represent
afterward bishop Ely; and Mr. Paget, after
stopped, my guilt openly declared. So This queen was also great favourer those
that whatsoever God you may determine me, your grace may freed from open
censure; and mine offence being
that suffered for religion. Let this Letter en suing, writ her Crumwel, stand upon re cord here, shewing both her love such suf
lawfully both before
many religious persons out their cowles.
“Anne the Queen. Trusty and right well “beloved, wee greet you well. And whereas,
“we credibly enformed, that the bearer “hereof, Rychard Herman, merchant, and citi ‘z Antwerp Brabant, was, the time
the late lord cardinal, put and expelled
from his freedom and fellowship and ‘English-House there, for nothing else, “affirmeth, not only for that, that did, both
with his goods and policy, his great hurt and hind ance this world, help the set ting forth the New Testament English. Wee therefore desire and instantly pray you,
the
May. ”
‘ ‘ • • • • • • • inIn to as
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1. p.
42) state TRIALs, as Hosoy VIII. 1536—andola, High Treason. Loo
matters concerning this queen her afflictions letter. Mrs. Cosins, gentlewoman appointed
the more largely, exactly and distinctly; which
bishop Burnet bath set down from the same papers, more briefly and imperfectly. And perhaps upon the reading what follows, some things which that reverend author attributes
fits and vapours the queen, may find better and truer interpretation. The lord Herbert
wait upon the queen here, and that lay her palate bed, said, that Norris (one those
also has given things.
added, enquire her present
only some short- hints these -
Norfolk, and some other
into dungeon answered her, No, ought should come the king, but good, you madam you shall into your lodging, that would look have me. Then said, he you lay your coronation. Upon which should have any such thought, would his she said. too good for me. And further head were off. And then she said, she could said, “Jesu have mercy me. ’ And then undo him, she would. And therewith they
kneeled down, weeping great pace. And
After the duke
the kings council who had conducted queen
any such
Anne the Tower (which was the
May) were departed, the said constable the
Tower went before her into her lodging. And
then she said him, ‘Mr. Kyngston, shall said she, You look for dead men's shoes. For
great laughing. And so she did several times afterwards. Then
fell out.
And then she said, more fear Weston
the same sorrow fell into
she desired Mr. Kyngston, move the king's
highness that she might have the sacrament
the closet her chamber, that she might pray
for mercy. “For Iain clear,’ said she, “from one the queen's maids, that courted. ] the company man, for sin, am clear And further, Kyngston related another saying,
from you and again, “the king's true wedded wife. ’ And then she said, ‘Mr. Kyngston,
you know wherefore am here? ' and
Nay. And then she asked him, when
the king said, not since saw him Tilt-Yard, [which was but the day before Greenwich, when seemed first take displeasure against her. ] And then she asked him, pray you tell me, where my lord my father He told her, saw him afore dim ner the court. where my sweet bro ther? (for she feared the king's displeasure against her, would reach unto her relations,) Kingston replyed, left him York-place:
which the queen spake him concerning Wes ton, [whom also she had sometimes talk with, coming often her way; which might create
jealousy concerning him. ] That she had spoke with him, because did love her kins
said, saw
the
woman, Mrs. Skelton. And said
loved not his wife [spoken
him, that way re her again,
thinking convenient conceal from her,
though was committed the same day.
hear say, said she, that shall accused
three men. And can say more but, Nay: and courteous nature, would exchange words though you should open my body; and there
with she opened her gown. Adding, O! Nor
ris, hast thou accused me? thou art the Tower with me. And thou and shall die
sometimes, and enter into some talk with such she met the court; and with these gen. tlemen, who were the privy chamber: and
happened often come where she was. And some their discourse happened
together. And Mark, [another that accused
her] thou art here too. And then with much brought the king some officious person, -
compassion she said, O' my mother, thou that owed her good will.
wilt die with sorrow. And then she much la another Letter secretary Crumwel,
mented my lady Worcester (being with child) wrote these passages concerning the said queen: because her child did not stir her body. And That she much sired have there her
when the constable's wife, being present, asked, closet the sacrament; and also her amner for what might the cause, she said, was for one hour, when she was determined die
the sorrow she took for me.
Then she said, Mr. Kyngston, shall die without justice which resolved, The poorest subject the king had, had justice. And there with she laughed. All these sayings hap pened that night. The next morning con versation, with her, these specches happened; related W. Kyngston, his foresaid
[that suffer death. After examina tion her Greenwich, before some the council, the said Kyngston sent for his wife and Mrs. Cosins (who both were appointed
always with her) know them, how she had done that day. They said, she had been very merry, and made good dinner; and after, call
for supper. And then called for him,
that were accused about her) did say day last unto the queen's amner, that
speaking the queen, [as minding her concerning the occasion
trouble] Madam, why should there
unatters spoken Marry, said the queer",
bade him do so. For asked him, why he did not through with his marriage [with some lady, seems, Norris courted]. And made answer, would tarry time. Then
swear for the queen, that she was woman. And then the said gentlewoman
[another that was cast into the Tower about
Her business. ] For Weston had said unto her, that Norris came more unto her chamber for
Satur would good
her, than did for Mage [the name, suppose,
proof. ] And made answer
that he loved one her house better than
them both. And the queen said, Who that gave this answer, yourself. And then
she defied him, she said Kyngston [in scorne and displeasure, reflecting upon her
honour, undoubtedly]. These passages be tween the queen and them, was the cause all their deaths; coming some way other the jealous king's ears. For she, being frce
by
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431] STATE TRIALS, 28 HENRY WIII. 1530. -Proceedings against the [432
and asked him, where he had been day. And did, when put two such about her, my after some words, she began talk, and said, lady Boleyn, and Mrs. Cosins. For they could she was cruelly handled Greenwich with the tell her nothing my lord, her father, and no
Nor thing else. But that she defied them all. And that [Meaning any about her whosoever, able
said, [to what she had spoken,
her own defence] “Tut, tut, tut;' and shak But then upon this, my lady Boleyn [her kins
king's council namely, with my lord folk [who was indeed her enemy. . ]
seems charge her with any dishonourable act. ]
ing his head three four times. And for Mr. Treasurer, was, said she, the forest Windsor. You know, added the writer the letter, what she meant that. And then named Mr. Comptroller (another the coun
woman] said her, Such desire you have had such tales, [tale-carriers tellers, some perhaps her women were] have brought you this. Then said Mrs. Stoner, [another gentlewoman about her] Mark |Smeton, the musician, another committed the Tower, an accuser the queen] the worst cherished any the house. For weareth irons. The queen said, that was because was gentle
cil) very gentleman. But she queen, and cruelly handled, was
never
seen. “But think the king doth
prove me. ’ And then laughed withal; and was very
merry. And then she said, shall have jus man. And never was my chainber;
tice. Then said the constable, Have no doubt therein. Then she said, any man accuse
me, can say but nay. And they can bring witness.
And some communication with the lady Kyngston and Mrs. Cosins, would God, said she, had my bishops. For they would
[and could know less, she meant, than any,
what was done her, any with her there] but Winchester, and there she sent for him, play the virginals: for there my lodging
was above the king's. And never spake with him since, but upon Saturday before May day
[that fatal day, when the king first conceived
his jealousy. ] And then found him standing
the king for me. For think the
most part England prayeth for me. And the round window my chamber pre
die, you shall see the greatest punishment for sence. And asked him, why was sad. me within this seven years, that ever came And answered and said, was no matter. England. [This she spake doubt the And then she said, You may not look have confidence her innocency; and God's right me speak you would nobleman: eous and visible judgments for the most part, because inferior person. No, no, for shedding innocent blood. And indeed said he, look sufficeth me: and thus fare you within the seventh year following, happened well. This shews him some haughty dreadful pestilence London, and many com person; and thought the queen gave him not motions and insurrections the end of this respect enough. And might take this op reign. ] “And then,' said she, “shall portunity humble her; and revenge himself Heaven. For have done many good deeds this means her not thinking would
my days. ' Then she took notice divers cost him his own life.
women set about her, that she liked not; say Another letter William Kyngston
ing, think much unkindness the king put Crumwel, giving account this queen's be
such about me, never loved. Then Kyngs ton shewed her, that the king took them
good
honest and women.
But would have
had my own privy chamber, replyed she,
which favour most,
another Letter Kyngston
relates, how she desired him
letter the said Crumwel [of whose friendship she had belief. ] But (it seems not think ing safe for him carry letters from her) said her, that she would tell him mouth, would For which she gave him thanks: and added, that she much mar welled, that the king's council came not her,
haviour her execution, published the History the Reformation, which began thus;
Crumwel, carry
Sir, o you,
this shall advertise that have
‘received your letter; wherein you would have ‘strangers conveyed out the tower. And
“so they be, the means Richard Gresham, ‘and William Loke, and Withepole. But the number strangers past not thirty; and not ‘many hothe “Armed' added in
Letter. Another Letter hers the king, beginning, “Sir, your grace's displeasure,’ &c.
same day she said, we should have rain, till she was delivered out the Tower being
vindicate her, giving, withholding the message the queen Anne, being prisoner clouds Heaven. ] To which Kyngston re the Tower; willing her confess the truth,
[thinking probably
that God (who takes care innocency) would lating imperfectly, viz. The king sending
season that wanted rain
plyed, pray, may shortly, because the
fair weather: adding, you know what mean
[that the king's reconciliation her]. Other occasional speeches hers, were
these. She said concerning such women was set about her, That the king wist what
she said, “She could confess no more, then she had already spoken. And she said, she must
“conceal nothing from the king, whom she ‘did acknowledge her self much bound for ‘many favours: for raising her first from ‘mean woman Marquess; next
ori ginal letter. Other mistakes there, this more exact transcription will rectify thus far the
the said History
, which word not the
seeming ready justify her self. The 426), published the said History. But
this passage following wrote the end her Letter, think worthy be transcribed, and
set here, the reverend author that book re
a as he
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438] STATE TRIALS, 33 HENRy VIII. 1541. -the Earl of Essex, for Treason. [434
‘ his queen. And now, seeing he could bestow flicted queen confessed to save her life, or to
* no further honour upon her on earth, for pur change the way of her execution, from burning
* posing to make her, by martyrdom, a saint in to beheading, that there never was any such
* Heaven. ”—I add one remark more concerning precontract, the said earl protested solemnly
this queen: that at this time of her being in in a letter to secretary Crumwel: who it seems the Tower, a former charge was revived against had now desired to know the truth from him
her : namely, the contract of marriage between self. Therein telling him, how he had formerly her and the present earl of Northumberland, before the two archbishops, viz. Warham and before her marrying with the king: designing, Wolsey, utterly denied it upon his oath, and ifthey could prove this, to make her former the receiving of the sacrainent : so he now marriage with the king unlawful and void ; and confirmed it in this letter. See further Fuller's
to make the smoother way for his marrying Church Hist, book 5, p. 206, 207. with the lady Jane. But whatsoever the af
34. Proceedings against Thom As CRoMw ELL, earl of Essex, for Treason : 33 Hen. VIII. A. D. 1541. Kennett's Compl.
Hist. 222. Fox's Acts and Monum. 512. Cobb. Parl. Hist. 544. ]
THAT beauty and attraction which should take the kings eye in Anne of Cleve, not a pearing, nor that conversation which should Please his ear; and her brother besides excus ing himself in the performance of some Arti cles of the Treaty, he did more willingly think of a Divorce; for which purpose, the pre-con
that any man, who medled much great and public affairs, should not divers kinds inistake, forget, and err, incur the note
criminal, when severe inquisition were made against him. And now the king caused Cromwel, arrested the Council-Table
tract with the duke of Lorain's son was chiefly pretended. For though Olesleger, chancellor of Cleves, had according to his promise, 26
edit: which Cromwel obeyed, though judg ing his perdition more certain, that the duke
Feb. 1540, procured an
out of the Records of Dusseldorp, dated Feb. 15, 1535, testifying the Sponsalia heretofore made by the parents betwixt the duke of Lorain's son, and the lady Anne, should not take effect. Yet this it seeins either was not
now affect. The
shewed, or did not satisfie our king. Howso ever it was not deposited in Archivis Regiis,
acclamations witnessed their joy; impatient are they usually the good fortune fa vourites arising from mean place, and insolent over the ill: Whereof the king being informed, proceeded more overtly, both his Parliament
ed what price soever separate himself from Anne Cleve, and together ruine Cromwel. For though had not long before
our Authors) foresaw his fall two years before, and therefore provided for his family; neither
made him knight
and high chamberlain
was odious reason
the Garter, earl Essex, England, yet
his low birth the
did the late honours give him unuch comfort security, when thought they were conferred
only make him the greater sacrifice.
Crimes and Accusations brought against the Lord Cromwell.
After this was attainted parliament;
nobility, and hated particularly Stephen
Gardiner, and the Roman catholics, for having
and that the Reformers themselves found he could not protect them from burning; and last that besides Subsidy that the clergy gave 4s. the pound, had gotten the pre sent parliament, not without much reluctation, one tenth, and one fifteen parts lay
Crimes, Surmises, Objections, and Accusa tions were brought against him, but chiefly and
above other was charged and accused
fo
the duke Norfolk, when least suspect
in
writing
king began
but found among Cromwel's Papers after his business, and the Divorce; and the rather, apprehension. And now although scruples that former faults being now imputed seemed the more considerable, that many Cromwel, every body began hope better doubts had been already cast concerning the age. But Cromwel (if we may believe some kings former Marriages, yet the king determin
operated much the dissolution Abbies; the which Attainder, divers and sundry
his autho mens goods; was universally hated which rity and letters written sheriffs and justices
our king considering, and having besides divers divers shires rescued, and discharged out Articles brought against him, now judged prison. Also that did divulgate and dis him longer necessary therefore gave perse abroad among the king's subjects great way his enemies accusations; which numbers Books, containing, they said,
could not but material vol.
being impossible manifest matter much heresy, diffidence, and
the lady Catharine Howard,
was uncle
whom the
news whereof, and his commitment the Tower being divulged, the people with many
Heresy, for that was supporter
(whom they recounted for heretics) Clark, and many other, whom
them Barns,
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435] STATE TRIALS, 33 IIENRY VIII. 1541. -Proceedings against [436
misbelief. Item, that he caused to be trans John, Henry and Richard had had such lated into our English tongue Books compris counsellor about them, suppose they should ing matter expressly against the Sacrament of never have been traiterously abandoned, the Altar, and that, aster the translation there and overthrown those good princes were of, he commended and maintained the same After which, says again, loved him
for good and Christian doctrine. Over and my friend, for took him be, but chiefly besides this, they brought certain wit loved him for the love which thought saw nesses, what they were, the Attainder ex him bear ever towards your grace singularly presseth not, which most especially pressed, above others: But now, Traitor, rather oppressed, him with heinous words am sorry that ever loved him, trusted spoken against the king the Church St. him, and am very glad that his treason Peter the Poor, the month March, the discovered time; but yet again am very thirtieth year the king's reign. Which words, sorrowful; for who shall your grace trust
they true, the Attainder doth purport, hereafter, you might not trust him Alas! three things, says Fox, have here much bewail and lament your grace's chance marvel at. First, his adversaries had sure herein, wot not whom your grace may trust. hold and matter against him, then what should But pray God continually night and day move them make such hasty speed, send such counsellor his place, post haste have him dispatched and rid out whom your grace may trust, and who for all
the way, and case could abide him his qualities can and will serve your grace come his purgation? Which, might like him, and that will have much so have done, not otherwise thought, licitude and care preserve your grace from but would easily have cleared himself there. dangers, ever thought had. ' . . . All
Secondly, this marvel, that the words which, being character Cromwell had been heinous against the king, his Cranmer's opinion, have faithfully copied
enemies did pretend, why then did those wit out the Original. Not yet that will pre
nesses which heard those words St. Peter's Church, the thirtieth year the king's reign,
tend excuses for him, whom the laws have con demned; (though Fox doubts not say, “That as General Councils have sometimes been ob served err, princes and parliaments may
sometimes informed sinister heads;") but that his punishment may serve caution for those that serve severe princes, procure suf
that they do. The Cromwell seeming
long, the space almost two years, and now uttered
conceal the said words such treason
the same king's reign,
the two and thirtieth year the the month July. Thirdly, marvelled, the king had
here again
known believed these words be true, and
that Cromwell had indeed been such traitor Crimes objected
his person, why then did the king shortly chiefly usurpation
after lament his death, wishing have his certain persons not capable and granting Cromwell alive again What prince will wish certain Licences, and making certain Com
suspecteth undoubtedly missions high affairs, without the king's traitor his life and person Where knowledge: For which, though Cromwell
by may appear what judgment the king had his discretion might have found due motives; Cromwell himself, howsoever the parlia yet proceeded not warily therein, fell
ment sinister information was otherwise in into the danger the law. Furthermore, censed judge upon him. was accused for being Heretic, and favour The proceedings against him were thought ing them (But then, that the head the
the life him whom
rigorous, but few pitied him, that was
easily passed over: nevertheless, find
Original, that Cranmer wrote the king
his behalf boldly, considering the times; ‘for merriment. ) As for his speaking certain high though, letter, heard yesterday presumptuous words concerning the king, and
jesty He that was advanced your ma Cromwel thus unheard, and almost unpitied, jesty, whose surety was only your majcs being condemned while was the Tower,
ty, who loved your majesty, ever thought, omitted not write unto the king. Amongst. less than God; who studied always the rest of the Commissioners which came unto
set forward whatsoever was your majesty's will him, one there was, whom the lord Cromwell and pleasure; that cared for man's dis desired carry for him Letter the King,
his grace's council, that Traitor; yet, sundry the nobility, many thought pro he saith, who cannot be sorrowful and amazed ceeded rather out of mistaking and rashness, that should traitor against your ma than any intertion.
pleasure serve your majesty; that was which when refused, saying that
would Traitor; least to
such servant, my judgment, wisdom, diligence, faithfulnes, and experience,
carry Letter the king from then the lord Cromwell desired him
from him message the king. To that the other was contented, and granted, that Treasons, that few could secretly con were not against his allegiance. Then the
prince this realm ever had that was vigilant preserve your majesty from
ceived, but detected the same the begin lord Cromwell taking witness the other ning? the noble princes niemory, king lords, what had promised; you shall com
ficient warrant for
Churches vicegerent spiritual affairs, should an Heretic and favourer them, some
seemed strange, others gave occasion
power, set liberty
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437] STATE TRIALS, 33 Henry VIII. 1541. -the Earl of Essex, for Treason. [438 mend me, said he, to the king, and tell him, which die in thee; I wretched sinner do submit
myself wholly unto thy most blessed will, and
being sure that the thing cannot perish which committed unto thy mercy, willingly now
leave this frail and wicked flesh, sure hope that thou wilt better wise restore me
by that he hath so well tried, and thoroughly
proved you as I have done, he shall find you as false a man as ever came about him. —Besides
this, he wrote also a Letter from the Tower to
the king, whereof when none durst take the carriage upon him, Ralf Sadler, (whom
again the last day the resurrection the also had preferred the king before, being just. beseech thee, most merciful Lord Jesus
ever trusty and faithfull unto him) went unto Christ, that thou wilt thy grace inake strong
the king understand his pleasure, whether he would permit him bring the letter not, which when the king had granted, the said master Sadler, was required, presented the Letter unto the king, which coinmanded thrice read unto him, insomuch the king seemed moved therewith.
my soul against temptations, and defend me with the buckler thy mercy against the
assaults the devil. see and acknowledge that there myself hope salvation, but my confidence, hope and trust thy most merciful goodness. have merits nor good works, which may alledge before thee. Of sins aud evil works (alas) see great heap; but yet through thy mercy trust
the number of them whom thou wilt not
impute their sins; but wilt take and accept me for righteous and just, and the inheritor everlasting life. Thou merciful Lord was
born for my sake, thou didst suffer both hunger and thirst for my sake; thou didst teach, pray, and fast for my sake: thy holy actions and works thou wroughtest for my sake; thou suf feredst most grievous pains and torments for my sake: finally, thou gavest thy most pre cious body and thy blood shed the Cross for my sake. Now most merciful Sa viour, let these things profit me, that thou freely hast done for me, which hast given thy self also for me. Let thy blood cleanse and wash away the spots and foulness my sins. Let thy righteousness hide and cover my un
The Lord Cromwell brought
lord Cromwell, oppressed his enemies, and
condemned the Tower, and not coming his Answer, the 28th July 1541, was brought
Notwithstanding,
the Act
reason
Parliament afore passed, the worthy and noble
the scaffold on Tower-hill, where these words following;
said
purge Fo
“I myself,
the Scaffold.
For and
should do, were very wretch miser. am the law condemned
am ceine hither die and not some think peradventure that
die, and thank my Lord God, that has ap
pointed
sithence the time that have had years
cretion, have lived sinner, and offended my
Lord God, for the which ask him heartily for
giveness. And not unknown many
you, that have been great traveller this righteousness. Let the merits thy passion world, and being but base degree, was and blood-shedding satisfaction for my sins. called high estate, and sithence the time Give me Lord thy grace, that the faith my came thereunto have offended my prince, for salvation thy blood waver not me, but the which ask him heartily forgiveness, and may ever firm and constant. That the hope beseech you pray God with me, that thy mercy and life everlasting never decay
me this death for mine offence.
For dis
will forgive me. And now pray you that me, that love wax not cold me. Finally,
be here, bear me record, die the Catho lic faith, not doubting any article my faith, nor doubting any Sacrament the Church. Many have slandered me, and re ported that have been bearer such have maintained evil opinions, which untrue. But confess, that like God holy spirit doth instruct the truth, the devil
that the weakness my flesh not overcome with the fear death. Grant me merciful Saviour, that when death hath shut the eyes
my body, yet the eyes my soul may still
behold and look upon thee, and when death hath taken away the use my tongue, yet my heart may cry and say unto thee, Lord
into thy hands commend my soul, Lord Jesus ready seduce us, and have been seduced; receive my spirit. Amen. ”
but hear ine witness that die the Catholic
And thus prayer being made, after
had godly and lovingly exhorted them that were about him the scaffold, quietly committed his soul into the hands God, and patiently suffered the stroke the ax, ragged and
Faith the holy Church and heartily de sire you pray for the kings grace, that
may long live with you health and prospe rity; and that after him his son, prince Edward
that goodly impe, may long reign over you. butcherly miser, whi-ch very ungodly performed
And once again desire you pray for me, that long life remaineth this flesh, waver nothing my Faith. ”
his office.
To this end came Cromwel, who from being
but blacksmiths son, found means travel
And making prayer, kneeling
knees spake these words, the effect whereof guages, and
here followeth
Prayer that the Lord Cromwell said hour his Death.
Bourbon the returning,
see the wars, (being soldier the sacking Rome; whence
into divers foreign countries, learn their lan
“O Lord Jesus, which art the only health self his fidelity and diligence, that the king men living, and the everlasting life them after his fall voluntarily took him for his ser
was received into the cardinal Wolsey's service: whom approved him
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439] STATE TRIALS, 33 IIENRy VIII. 1541 —Trial of Lord Leonard Grey, [440
vant; in which place he became a special in to him were, For taking into his house as chap strument for dissolving the Abbies, and other lain one William Bird, who had called the king religious houses, and keeping down the clergy : Heretick, &c. That he had procured certain
--whom in regard of their oath to the pope, he persons to conjure, to know how long the king usually termed the king's half subjects : And should live; also, that he had used the sin of
or expelling the monks, he said it was no more buggery.
than a lestoring them to the first institution of Rapin observes, that the care Cromwel took being lay and labouring persons. Neither did when he came to die, to say nothing which it inove him, that so much strictness and aus might offend the king, proved to the advantage terity of lite was enjoined them in their several of his son Gregory, who was that very year orders, since he said they might keep it in any created a peer by the title of lord Cromwel. condition. But as these reasons again were Shortly after this followed the countess of not admitted by divers learned and able per Salisbury's Execution, who had with Cromwel sons, so he got him many enemies, who at last been excepted from the general Act of Pardon, procured his fall; but not before he had ob which, whether occasioned by the late Rebel tained successively the dignities of Master of lion, (as being thought of cardinal Pool's insti
the Rolls, Baron, Lord Privy-Seal, Vicegerent gation) or that she gave some new offence, is
to the king in Spiritualities, Knight of the Gar uncertain : The old lady being brought to the
ter, Earl of Essex, Great Chamberlain of Eng scaffold, set up in the Tower, was commanded
land, &c. He was noted in the exercise of his to lay her head on the block; but she (as a
places ofjudicature to have used much mode person of great quality assured me) refused;
ration; and in his greatest poinp, to have taken saying, “So should Traytors do, and I am none:" notice, and been thankful to mean persons of Neither did it serve that the executioner told
his old acquaintance, and therein had a virtue her it was the fashion; so turning her gray which his master the cardinal wanted : as for head every way, she bid him, if he would have
his other descriptions, I leave them to be taken her head, to get it as he could : So that he was out of Cranmer's letter formerly mentioned, constrained to fetch it of slovenly.
with some deduction; for it seems written to She was daughter of George duke of Clarence, the king in more than ordinary favour of his brother of Edward the 4th. She had four sons:
ancient Service. cardinal Pole was the youngest. The eldest At the same time with Cromwel, Walter was Henry lord Montacute, from a daughter of
lord Hungerford suffered. The crimes objected whom the present earl of Moira is descended.
35. The Trial of Lord LEONARD GREY, at Westminster, for High Treason : 33 Hen. VIII. A. D. 1541. [Holling. Chron. in
the Irish Hist. 102. 1 Cox's Ireland, 264. ]
[“Hall, Grafton, Stow, and lord Herbert,
make inention of this Trial. also no
ticed Ware's Annals of Ireland. But
Hollingshead the Chronicles Ireland,
and Richard Cox his History Ire
land, are most particular and therefore which, being prior lord Leonard Grey's
what we shall give will be an extract from these latter writers. -In the earl of Straf.
ford's case, Mr. John, arguing before the lords for the bill attainder against the
earl, cited this Trial lord Leonard Grey, particularly prove, that treasons com
mitted Ireland are triable here; and said, that he had read the whole record of the
case. Rushw. 689, 694, 695. But Mr.
St. John represents the charges against lord
Leonard Grey differently from the author the Irish Chronicles and sir Richard Cox;
case, were material Hen. 18. Hen. 24,
be considered. See Hen. The
the same subject, seems
for, according
also would have required observation. We are the more particular adverting this
omission Mr. St. John because there
like one our principal writers Criminal Law, not one whom, well we can recollect, pointedly attends the sta tutes. We not even except Staundford, though his work contains chapter the trial of crimes committed out of the realin.
Mr. St. John, lord Leonard High Treason, for letting the Castle Dublin,
argues for trial England, independently Irish revolters) his aduantage, shortlie after any statute; and prove his point, rode the north, preiding and spoiling Oneale
was attainted
diverse rebels out
and discharging Irish hostages given se cure the king's peace, and for not punishing
See Staunds.
89. a. ” Hargrave. ]
one, who said, that the king was heretick.
observable, too, that Mr. St. John the oportunitie this skirinish (with some
takes notice, that lord Leonard Grey's case was before the 35 Hen. that was the only statute for trying foreign trea sons England. But there are two other statutes about the trial foreign treasons,
subsequent several months; otherwise that
Hollingshead's
- Irish History, 102.
Extract from
Chronicle the
THE gouernor, lord Leonard Grey, turning
of
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441) STATE TRIALS, 33 HENRY VIII. 1541–for High Treason. [442
with his confederats, who by reason of the late prouinces, wherein diligence twhackt with ouerthrow were able to make but little resist hatred, negligence loden with tawnts, seue
ance. In this iornie he rased Saint Patrike rite with perils menaced, liberalitie with his church in Downe, an old ancient citie of thanklesse vnkindnesse contemned, conference
Ulster, and burnt the monuments of Patrike,
Brigide, and Colme, who are said to haue
beene there intoomed, as before is expressed
vnderinining framed, flatterie destruction forged, each countenance smiling, diuerse heart pouting, open fawning, secret grudging,
gaping for such shall succeed gouernment, honouring magistrates with cap and knee jong they are present, and carping them
in the description of Ireland. This fact lost
him sundrie harts in that countrie, alwaies
after detesting and abhorring prophane tyrannie, they did name Wherevpon
conspiring with such Mounster were
enimies his gouernment, they booked diuerse Complaints against him, which they
did exhibit the king and councell. The Articles greatest importance laid his
charge were these. Inprimis, “That not
withstanding were strictlie commanded
the king his maiestie, apprehend his kins
man the yong Fitzgirald, yet did not onlie
disobeie the kings letters touching that
point plaieng bopeepe, but also had priuie the letters from the council the king; and conference with the said Fitzgirald, and laie his inajesty did well approve his good ser with him two three seuerall nights before vices, that created him viscount Grany; and
departed into France. —2 Item, That the although the earl Ormond, the lord chancellor
they are ab
Ireland, 264.
Before we proceed farther
Ireland, will pay that respect the
with toong and pen soone Sent.
Ertract from Coa's History
memory the late lord deputy, the lord Grey, give some account his misfortunes and
destiny. He had certainly performed consi
derable atchievements Ireland, and great commendations of him are contained most of
the affairs
inuegle Allen, the vice-treasurer Brabazon, and sir John Thomas Fitzgirald with such faire promises, Travers, went with him, immediately fol proceeded set purpose haue him cut off, lowed him into England, impeach him, yet
the end there should gap set open for was kindly received the king, and carried the yong Fitzgirald aspire the earledome the sword before him Whitsunday never
cheese cause that mooued him
Kildare. —3 Item, That was greedilie addicted the pilling and polling the king
theless was short time after imprisoned the Tower, and accused very many Ar
ticles; the principal which are these
“That O'Conner feasted him, and mend Toghercroghan for him; and that favour
Downe, turning stable, after plucked Bir from loyal Carol, and gave rebel downe, and shipt the notable ring bels Carol, who married the earl Kildare's that did hang the steeple, meaning haue daughter, and also took Moderhern, castle
sent them England had not God his belonging the earl Ormond, and gave instice Preuented his iniquitie, sinking the the rebel Carol, and wasted the earl Or vessell and passengers wherein the said belles mond's lands: for which, had hundred should haue beene conueled. ”—These and the and forty kine and Stephen Harry had like Articles were with such odious presump forty, and Girald Mac Gerrot had black
his subjects, namelie such Mounster, the beds laie dranke in, the plate with which
anie gentlemans house, were
against right and reason packt vp, and carried Derinond Molloy, whose father-in-law with great extortion awaie. —4 Item, That Carol was good subject; for which the lord without anie warrant from the king coun Grey had bribe, and Stephen Harry had cell, prophaned the church Saint Patrikes twenty cows. That took the castle
were resiant the cups
tions coloured his accusers, the king hackny. That and councell remembring his late faults, and Kenedy, tenant forgetting his former seruices (for commonlie his son for hostage.