No More Learning

See Colgan's Acta Sanctorum Hiber- nise. " xxvi. Martii. De S. Gobano, Abbale de Airdne Dairinnsi, p. 750.
" Or Cill Lamhraidlie. " It is situated, in the
of
County JCilkenny.
fers to Colgan and Usher, as if placing the death of Gobban in 639, although Usher
says nothing about him, nor does Colgan
»' The Acts state, however. published
°3When
" Semen est
to his rule at Their Leighlin.
of Barony Kells,
" Stans e trans flumen Barrovo ver- regionc
sanguis
ciples, subject
rigorous lives and remarkable
aciem "Monasticon Hibernicum," Archdall "re- tet. " The city of Leighlin was built, not
treating
Leighlin,
Letghlinense
of
in his
sus coenobium
dirige-
very far from the River Barrow's banks; but, the Salamancan MS. does not allude to this place, when giving an account re-
214 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April i8. beheld a great multitude of angels in that place. He cried out, in a spirit of
prophecy,
to those
religious men,
who
him " accompanied : Fifty years
hence, a certain pilgrim and a faithful servant of God, named Laserian, shall
dwell in yonder place, and the number of his holy disciples shall be large,
as that band of angels you behold. ^' The writer of our saint's Acts breaks
forth, in an ecstasy of delight, at this happy prediction, regarding the future eminenceofLeiglilinandofitsholyCuldeeband. Again,itissaid,when
certain pious virgins proposed, that St. Cainech, or Kenny,'^ should become
:
their this devout man " There shall come one,
spiritual director, replied
named St. Laserian, who will be a spiritual father to you and to many others. "
Many holy men visited our saint, to have the advantage and honour of
his acquaintance, and to hold conferences with him. Among other pilgrims,
St. Barr, Bishop of Cork,=5 before his departure from Rome, was desirous of
havinganinterviewwithSt. Laserian. Bythislatter,hisvisitorwasjoyfully
received. St. Barr remained for three days, and it would seem, Laserian ac-
companied his guest a part of the way, when taking leave. Both these holy
men vowed an abiding friendship, before they separated. At that moment,
" It would afford me
to leave here some memo-
St. Barr said
rial of our agreement. " St. Laserian replied : "Ask, and the Lord will grant
:
grew from the earth, and bore nuts at this unusual season. A cross was
erected near that spot, most probably to commemorate such a remarkable
tradition. In Irish, it received the named Krocuill, which is interpreted to
Laserian, at Old Leighlin. It could scarcely be possible, however, to iden- tify it with the one designated in the text, nor with the other already men-
your request. "
Nay,"
you pray rather,
"
said St.
" let
as I have visited
great pleasure
Barr,
you. " St. Laserian then prayed. It being spring time, a hazel suddenly
" mean,
the Cross of the hazel. "
An old stone cross, five feet in height, runs below a well, dedicated to St
which was called " the cross of the head. " Kroken, Anglicized
tioned,
This latter seems to have been distinct from the former cross. That
cross yet standing is very rudely constructed, and it is greatly weather-worn. According to popular report, St. Molshi's Well, as the peasantry call it, formerly issued from beneath the base of this venerated object. A small
stream oozes through very moist ground, and it runs into the adjoining rivulet, in a deep ravine. Nearly opposite it, but on the other bank of the rivulet, the site of an ancient mill, belonging to St. Laserian's monastery, is yet shown, below the junction of two mountain streams. Within the memory of old persons still living, the steep banks above were shaded, by a fine growth
garJing the incident.
''' From such recorded prophecy of St.
Patrick, Papebroke justly observes, we may
suspect the authenticity of other predictions attributed lo him. For, when St. Laserian settled in Leighlin, the seventh century had been entered upon, and most probably in additionadecadeofyearshadpassed. Yet, according to the editor's calculation, St. Patrick died a. d. 460. Even allowing the Irish Apostle survived fifty additional years, according to a received opinion, still some great error must be admitted as having crept
"
Si annorum numerum ex- pressit Patricius," adds the editor, "credi- derim 150 aut i5o annos definivisse. " It is possible, however, if the apparent statement in the Acts be set down in numerals, the
error may be attributed to a transcriber's omission to insert, what should nearly agree
with Papebroke's conjecture,
^ This saint is the patron of Kilkenny,
He presided over the monastery of Aghaboe, in Ossory. According to Colgan, he died a. d. 598, and his feast is kept, on the nth ofOctober.
'' This is an episcopal city of Munster, whose patron, St. Barr, is venerated on the
25th of September. He was a cotemporary, also, with St. Maidocof Ferns, as would ap-
pear from a Life of St. David, Bishop of Menevia, whose Acts occur, at the 1st of March. According to Colgan, St. Maidoc died, in the year 624. The Acts of St.
Barr may be found, at the 25th of Sep- tember.
into the text.
April i8. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 213
of old oak, and by other primeval forest trees. The townland is yet called Raheenwood ; and, immediately adjoining it, we find the townland denomina-
tionsofParknakyleandJohnduffswood. Bothoftheselatteretymonsseem referabletolocalities,formerlywellshadedwithtrees. NearthetownofOld Leighlin, and close by the cathedral, to the west, flowed a well, dedicated to St. Laserian. The waters of this spring were believed, by the people, to pro- duce a miraculous effect, like the waters ordained for the trial of jealousy, undertheOldLaw. Whosoeverwouldtakeafalseoath,onanymatter,and drink tiie water of this well, it was supposed, that he must expect some re- markable judgment to befall him. 3° Even in the begining of this century, the peasantrywereaccustomedtoresorttothiswell. Apatronwasannuallyheld here, on the i8th of April. One of the parish priests over Old Leighlin, about 1 81 2, forbid this practice, as scenes of gambling and intoxication became prevalent. Two very old ash trees, and a hawthorn, formerly covered with votiverags,overshadowedthiswell. Thesetreeswerecutdown,byCaptain
Vigors, of Erindale, about the year 1823. At present, the well is nearly choked up with mud, and hardly distinguishable from a marsh, by which it is encompassed. 3' It is related, also, such were the heavenly graces which Laserian enjoyed, that few persons returned from him, without receiving -not only spiritual consolation, but even release from physical suffering. On the contrary, no person, who had dared to malign him in the slightest manner,cou—ld
of poetry rather should they be considered scurrilous verse-mongers had visited St. Laserian,hopingtosecuresomefavourathishands. Theyresolved,incase of his refusal, to bestow some gift on them, to lampoon the holy man, in a " I do not intend to satisfy such persons, or any others like them, but only God and his poor. "3» Being thus disappointed in their expectations, thoselow-bred poetasters began to
revile him. Instantly, we are told, they suffered the fate of Dathan andAbircn. 33
. ^dan,34 King of Albania, the grandfather of our saint, experienced the kindness of Laserian, when he had been banished from his dominions, and had sought refuge in Ireland. We are told, that when he had visited Laserian,35 the king's steed fell dead, owing to the lengthened journey he had travelled,andtothegreatexertionsthisnobleanimalputforth. But,theman of God, having prayed, the king's horse was again restored to life. 3* If such were the case, as in many other instances, his merits were manifested by the supernatural favours accorded. Some confusion seems to exist, in accoimts
demonibus immolare. "
" See Numbers xvi.
" He is said to have reigned, from A. D.
571 to A. u. 605. See Dr. James Taylor's "Pictorial History of Scotland," vol. i. , chap, iii. , p. 28.
^^ The editor of our saint's Acts remarks upon a huge anachronism here manifest. But, he observes, that before the birth of our saint, another Laserian, Abbot of Devenbh, flourished in Ulster. His feast occurs, at the I2lh of September. According to Col- gan, he died m the year 563. Papebroke says, that this saint may have been the worlier of that miracle, recorded in the text.
30 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. , xviii. Aprilis. Vita S. La^eriani, cap. ii. , sees. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, andnn. (a, b,c, d, e, f, g, h, i, k), pp. 545, 546.
Divineretribution. Itso
escape happened,
thatthree — professors
bitter satire. When they came before the saint, he said
:
'" Such is the statement made, in a letter wriUen by Mr. Domville, and dated January 6th, 1782. It is found among the Trinity College MSS. , and it bclasssd I. i. 3. fol. , p. 322.
" See Mr. and Mrs. Hall's " Ireland : its Scenery, Character," etc. , vol. i. , p. 417 : "About ten yards from the well stands a rude stone cross, five feet in height. The whole is surrounded by a low straggling ditch. " A rude drawing of this cross, with its exact dimensions, will be found, in the "Letters re-
lating to the Antiquities of the County of Carlow, belonging to the Irish Ordnance Sur-
vey,"at pp. 221, 222. There is no inscrip- tion on this cross, which is a monolith of fire-stone, as the material is locally deno- minated.
5* To this can MS. adds
of our saint, the Salaman- " Histrionibus enim dare est
reply :
2l6 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April i8.
left us, regarding various acts attributed to Laserian. Those incorrectly state, t'hat°at the request of St. Columba,37 of King ^dan, and also of saintly persons, belonging to the northern parts of Ireland, this holy man set out for Rome, in company with other pious pilgrims. At the Alpine mountains, our saint met a man, apparently in great anxiety and sorrow. When asked the cause of his grief, this rustic told Laserian he had twenty in his family to sup- port by husbandry, while the ploughshare he used was broken ; nor had he anymeansforrepairingit. 3^ Theholymanhereuponorderedhimtofashion a wooden ploughshare. Having done so, the saint blessed it, and then, he told the ploughman, to use it, until he should return. Laserian proceeded on hiswaytoRome,whereheremainedayearandahalf. Thepeasant'splough-
share lasted even long after that time. Moreover, this man had a very abun- dant harvest, and such only as could be produced, from the most fertile soil.
Dublin Bay, from Killiney Hill.
It is related, that the reigning Pontiffat Rome, who is supposed to have been Honorius the First, 3' consecrated Laserian as bishop. On his return to Ire- land, it is said, he was constituted a Papal Legate. t" When our saint became
3' These circumstances, thus introduced, show the writer's ignorance, and incompe- tency. For St. Columba died in the year 597. Instead of Columba, however, the Salamancan MS. reads St. Kieran. But, even this latter is supposed not to have been contemporaneous with our saint. Nor was
/Edan, King of Albania, living, at the time now mentioned, which is presumed to have been, about a. d. 628.
3' In a note annexed to this account,
" Hie nos deserit MS. Salamantic. reliqua parte mutilum. "
3' He was Pope, from the latter part of October, in the year 626, to the year 638,
when he died on the 12th of October, having reigned nearly thirteen years. . See Berti's
Papebroke writes
:
Eccles. Sec. cap. I, pp. 170, 171. This Pon-
tiff has been rendered . celebrated, in con-
nexion with a controversy regarding the
Monothelite Heresy. "Audiit immerito
tanquam Monothelita," writes this author,
"
propterea quod ad schisma vitandum no- luerit mentionem fieri unius, nee duplicis in Christo operationis, aut voluntatis. "
*° Dr. Lanigan seems to doubt, that St. Laserian visited Rome, in the time of Pope Gregory the Great. He considers, it was not so well founded, on reasonable evidence, as
"
Ecclesiasticae Historias Breviarium. " Sept.
April i8. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 217
a dignitary of such exalted rank, the more humbly he entertained opinions regarding himself, the more was his modesty manifested towards all others. But, according to the words of our Blessed Saviour Himself, a city situated on a high mountain cannot be concealed ; so that, notwithstanding the per- sonal humility of our saint, the Lord was pleased to illustrate his life, by many miracles. While Laserian was prosecuting his way towards Ireland, and ap- proaching Dublin city,*' by that beautiful Bayt^ which opens on the Irish sea, he recollected having forgotten a Book of Gospels, which had been left at a place, whence he embarked. Whereupon, he ordered a St. Mochomet '3 to returnforit. Thisorderthediscipleshowedhimselfreadytoobey.
Tomani- fest his pleasure, at such ready obedience, Laserian told him, as an example proving the greatness of this virtue for others, Mochomet should be borne on a stone across the sea. When this substitute for a vessel had been pointed out, according to the legend, his disciple embarked thereon ; and, having passed over the ocean, Mochomet returned with the missing book, which Laserian afterwards presented to his disciple, as a gift. We must suppose, indeed, such an account could only have been taken from some idle traditional fiction, current among the people, and long after a time when St. Laserian lived.
While this renowned Legate discharged the special duties of his office
in Ireland, his ministry was supematurally distinguished. Through his prayers, we are informed, that a certain Felan,<< King of Leinster, had been cured of a cancer in the foot. Again, Laserian exorcised a possessed person, and liberated him from demoniacal influences. It once happened, that a prince, named Cothinus,''5 invaded the rights of a monk, who came with his
complaint regarding such injustice to St. Laserian. The king delayed making necessary satisfaction for some days. Our saint then predicted in Irish verse a sudden vengeance, which was destined for this monarch ; and, as a conse- quence, he died during the night following. At one time, when visiting the house of Felan, the Leinster King, Laserian asked for a draught of water. A servant then denied, that any water remained in the well, and he came from it, withanemptyvessel. Beingurgedtoreturnoncemore,thisservantfound the well completely dry. Thenceforth, it continued totally devoid of water, according to a received tradition.
that mission which brought Laserian thither,
" after the Synod of Maghlene. See Ec-
clesiastical History of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap. XV. , sec. ix. , n. 64, p. 404.
<' Dublin must have been an insignificant place, in the time of Laserian, and it could hardly be regarded as a city. This term, as applied to it, however, may serve to indicate
the comparatively modern period, when his published Acts had been first writ- tiin, and when the number of houses and inhabitants in Dublin had
considerably
increased.
** The accompanying illustration, drawn
on the spot by William F. Wakeman, and
transferred by him to the wood, represents
it from Killiney Hill, over Dalkey, with Howlh and the north shore in the distance. Engraved by Mrs. Millard.
** Papebroke says, this cannot be that St.
Mochaciooc, or Pulcherius, whose life had
been given, at the 13th of March ; for, when ordinate chiefs, living near Old Leighlin, a young man of twenty, his aunt, St. Ita, and having charge of that district, where the died, about A. D. 569. Hence, he flourished, monk resided.
atanearlierperiodthanoursaint. But,the Editor justly observes, this is one of the usual miracles, recorded in the Lives of Irish Saints, and yet little deserving of credence.
" In a Life of St. Berach, at the 15th of February, we learn, that Felan, fourtfi and youngest son to Colman, son to Cairbre, King of Leinster, was yet a boy, when his father died at Sliabh Mairge, A. D. 576. After three brothers and a nephew, he reigned to the year 665. See Colgan's " Acta -Sanctorum xv. Februarii.
Hiberniae,"
Prima Vita S. Berachi, n, 10, p. 346. Also,
Dr. O'Donovan's " Annals of the Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 208, 209, and n. (t). Likewise, pp. 278, 279, and n. (c). Ibid, The
"
record" Foylan mac Colman," King of Leinster, to have
"Annals of Clonmacnoise
died, at A. D. 663.
*^ We do not find his place in Irish his-
tory; but,probably,hewa«oneofthesub-
2i8 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April i8.
CHAPTER III.
THE YEW-TREE BROUGHT TO OLD LEIGHLIN MONASTERY—A RUSTIC BECOMES A VERY SKILFUL ARTISAN, TO CONSTRUCT AN ORATORY AT THIS,TLACE—ANGELIC CANTI- CLES HEARD—ANCIENT DENOMINATIONS OF THIS LOCALITY—THE PASCHAL CON- TROVERSY—SYNOD ASSEMBLED AT MAGHLENE, OR WHITEFIELD—AGREEMENT BETWEEN ST. LASERIAN AND ST. FINTAN—LETTER OF POPE HONORIUS, IN 635— ST. LASERIAN'S DEATH AND INTERMENT—FOUNDATION OF THE CHURCH, WITH ITS SUBSEQUENT HISTORY, AND THAT OF THE SEE OF LEIGHLIN—A POPULAR LEGEND REGARDING THE OLD CATHEDRAL—FESTIVAL AND OFFICE OF ST. LASERIAN —CONCLUSION.
ANimmense yew-tree grew, in a certain part of Leinster. This seemed to furnish suitable materials, to be fashioned for ecclesiastical uses. Although the pious men of all Ireland earnestly desired the wood of this tree, for church building ; yet, such a bond of fraternal charity existed among them, that none dared to cut it down, without having obtained universal con- sent from all others. Wherefore, to utilize its wood for pious purposes, the most celebrated religious superiors, with their disciples, agreed to assemble where the tree grew, there to pour forth prayers, and to fast. They hoped it should fall down, while the petitions of him, whose merits were deemed most grateful to God, were offered. The roots seemed to move, as each one in succession recited his prayers ; but, when it came to St. Laserian's turn for fasting and prayer, this tree toppled to the earth. However, as the roots had been previously moved, by the fasting and pfayers of other holy men, and as some preparation had thus been made for its expected fall, a doubt arose, whether St. Laserian could fairly claim the whole of this yew-tree. The matter, as we are told, was left for adjudication to the holy Pontiff, and to the reigningKingCranmal. ' Thismonarchdecided,saysthelegend,thatashe had captured two stags while hunting, a plank should be attached to these animals, and that the whole tree should be drawn, wheresoever their course might be directed. Such injunction having been complied with, and a plank having been placed on the neck of each stag, the animals moved off towards
Leighlinmonastery. Thither,also,theremainderofthistreewasbrought. We should observe, that some of the very improbable circumstances here, as elsewhere, narrated, and extracted from St. Laserian's old Life, have no special claim on the judicious reader's credence. When an architect was yet wanting
: toconstructanoratorythere,ashepherdissaidtohaveexclaimed "Would
that I were an artist, for then should I finish the work without wages. " Here-
:
upon,St. Laseriananswered "IfitpleasestheAlmighty'sgoodness,Hecan
easily make you one. " Then, our saint, taking the shepherd's hands within his own, and blessing them, the rustic became a very skilful artisan, and he built a beautiful oratory. When Laserian prepared to dedicate this sacred struc- ture, the citizens of heavenly Jerusalem were heard singing canticles, on the night of its dedication. Strains of ravishing harmony were heard, even by many, who lived at a great distance from that place. It has been ascertained, that the local designation of Old Leighlin, in Irish, was Sean Leithglinn, to
Chapter hi. — Colgan, in his "Trias who died, it is said, before his uncle Foilan, Thaumaturga," Vita Sexta S. Brigida;, n. who was successor to Cranmal here men- 12, calls this Cranmal, third son of Colman. tioned. The year of Cranmal's death is not
The beginning of his reign is assigned, to the year 610, when his second brother, Ronan, died. See Ur. O'Donovan's "Annals
of the Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 236, 237. This Ronan left a son named Crimthann,
stated. Unless, therefore, Foilan is called king by anticipation, accovints contained in the text should precede those, found in the latter part of the narrative, which has been related in a former paragraph.
APRtt i8. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 219
distinguish this place from Leighlin-bridge,' known as Leithglinn a Droichits Still,themeaningofLeithglinnis notlocallyunderstoodbytheinhabitants. In the Annals of the Four Masters, and in the Irish Calendar of the O'Clerys, its orthography is varied, without disturbing the pronunciation. * The name " Lethglennia," applied to it, appears to have been derived from Maglene, or the " Plain of Lene, or Lennia," after which its celebrated Synod has been called. s From the present old cathedral tower, the " Whitefield" is pointed out beneath it ; and here, tradition maintains, the clergy assembled, to deli- berate concerning questions of grave ecclesiastical importance. The heads of most, among the religious men then in Ireland, are said to have assisted. *
The most ancient records attest, that the Feast of our Divine Lord's Resur- rection dates from the establishment of Christianity, and that it goes back to the time of the Apostles, who were living, and near the place, at the time of that great event, which in a most special manner served to prepare the triumphs of the Gospel. It concluded the Lenten fasts, and Easter Sunday with its octave was regarded as a holy week, while the Paschal solemnities and customs were deemed the most august celebrations of the year. ? However, that precise time, which should be fixed for Faster, was a subject of warm discus- sion and dispute, even in the earliest ages of the Church. Thus, as we learn, St.
">
ruled over the Holy See," to confer with him on the Paschal question ;" since, there was a conflict of opinion and practice, between the Eastern and Western Churches, - on this important point of discipline. The former insisted on celebrating the feast,atthesametimewhentheJewsobservedtheirPasch. '3 TheAsiatics professed to have received their usage, from St. John the Evangelist "* and from St. Pliilip ;'s while the Western Churches very generally referred their
'This place was intended to serve as a IrishOrdnanceSurveyOfEce. andnowbelong- fortified pass, soon after the Anglo-Normans ing to the Royal Iriah Academy Library, arrived in our country. There is a very where they are preserved,
' The called or place, anciently Lethglin,
Whitefield, is said to have been the site of
Polycarp,' Bishop of Smyrna, went toRome,'while Pope Anicetus
beautiful of copper-plateengraving
Leighlin- bridge and of the Black Castle, as appearing from across the River Barrow, in Grose's
"Antiquities of Ireland," vol. ii. , p. 93. This view was copied, after one taken by Lieutenant Daniel Grose, in It
sents the south-west aspect.
3 From a different stand-point to that
taken by Grose, or north-east, the Barrow bridge, with the Black Castle lying beyond
may be seen in the "The Irish Penny Journal," vol. I, No. 9. The article accom- panying it was written, by our departed friend, George Petrie, LL. D. , in his own pe- culiarly happy vein of composition. His
St. Cobban's Abbey, at Old Leighlin. See "
it,
pictorial
of much picturesque beauty, and ofacha- racter very likely to impress itself on the memory. " To the erection of this old castle
in 1 181, Leighlin-bridge owns its origin. The subsequent history of this locality is given, by the accomplbhed writer. SeeMd. , pp. 65, 66.
* Thus we read, Leth Glenn, Leith Glinn, Leith Glenn, Leath Gleann, Leith Glion, Leith Glinne, Leiih Glin. It has been
Latinized, Lethglinnia, Lethglennens is, Lethghlennia, and Leighliensis.
' SeeMr. T. O'Connor'scomraunicationof
June 22nd, 1839, as found in the "County of Cailow Letters," once preserved in the
is venerated, at the 17th of April.
illustration is described as
"
a scene
sided over the Church,
"See " Breviarium Romanum," Pars,
Hiemalis. xxvi. Januarii, Noct. ii. , Lect. iv.
"While the Mother Church, atjerusa- lem, continued to observe the Sabbath, or seventh day, the converted Jews celebrated, also, the Sunday, as the Lord's Day, and in memory of Christ's resurrection from the dead. The Church of Antioch only kept Sunday, or the first day of the week. See Rev. John Alrog's "Manual of Universal Church History," vol. i. , Period i. . Epoch i. , Part i. , chap. 4, sect. 56, p. 147.
"•
His feast occurs, at the 27th of De- cember.
'S He is venerated, at the 1st of May.
''
Their festival is held, on the 29th of June.
1792. repre-
' See L'Abbe " Dictionnaire de Bergier's
Theologie," tome iii. . Art. Paques, pp. 598, 599.
Ryan's History and Antiquities of the County Carlow,' chap, ii. , p. 24.
'
< About A. D. 162.
""
His feast occurs, at the 26th of January,
He
" From a. d. 157 to 168, this Pontiff pre-
July.
'^ See ibid. °' "
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April i«.
traditions, on the subject, to St. Peter and St. Paul. '* In the second century, Pope St. Pius l. ,^^ who sat from a. d. 142 to a. d. 157,'' had issued a Decree, that Easter should be celebrated on a Sunday ; and. Pope St. Victor I. ,'9 who ruled from a. d. 192 to a. d.